CN116368265A - 金属带材及用于制造这种金属带材的方法 - Google Patents
金属带材及用于制造这种金属带材的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116368265A CN116368265A CN202180069539.0A CN202180069539A CN116368265A CN 116368265 A CN116368265 A CN 116368265A CN 202180069539 A CN202180069539 A CN 202180069539A CN 116368265 A CN116368265 A CN 116368265A
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- Prior art keywords
- metal strip
- strip
- coating
- base layer
- copper
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910016347 CuSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
示出了一种金属带材(1、101、201)和一种用于制造这种金属带材(1、101、201)的方法。为了能够可再现地制造稳定的金属带材(1、101、201),提出的是,对接缝(5)基本上在第一带材横向区段(2a)的第一镀层(3b)与第二带材横向区段(2b)之间延伸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及金属带材和用于制造这种金属带材的方法。
背景技术
为了制造由两个彼此纵向连接的由彼此不同的基本金属(例如铝和铜)构成的金属带材制成的、用于电工领域的混合型金属带材已知的是,将两个金属带材在纵向侧彼此对接焊接。
在此出现从熔体中形成不利的金属间相,其损害了焊接连接部的稳定性和质量,并因此也危害了金属带材在其被进一步加工时的机械可靠性。此外,组织中的这些金属间相减小了电导率,这减少了金属带材用于制造能导电的构件的用途。同样地,这些构件表现出减低的持续负载能力。
为了保持尽可能少地形成这种不利的金属间相,已知有复杂的焊接措施,如超声波焊接工艺或摩擦搅拌焊接工艺。然而,这些工艺并不适用于连续的制造方法。
作为焊接的替选方案也已知的是,借助涂镀工艺将具有彼此不同基体金属的金属带材彼此连接起来。不利的是,轧制涂镀在接合配合件的强度方面受到限制,尤其是不可能或几乎不可能对具有抗拉强度(Rm)≥360MPa的由铜或铜合金构成的金属带材进行涂镀,从而针对这些金属带材必须采用(在焊接区域中具有所有缺点的)焊接连接。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务是,改变开头所述的由两个彼此纵向连接的具有彼此不同的基本金属的金属带材构成的金属带材,使得该金属带材在强度方面没有限制的情况下实现相对较高的机械稳定性和/或高电导率。
此外,本发明的任务是提供一种能再现的、简单的和/或廉价的用于制造这种金属带材的方法。
本发明通过权利要求1的特征来解决金属带材方面所提出的任务。
如果第一金属带材具有至少沿纵向边缘设置在第一基层上的由铜或铜合金构造的第一镀层,则可以确保具有由铝或铝合金构成的第一基层的第一带材横向区段与具有强度>360MPa的由铜或铜合金构成的第二基层的第二带材横向区段之间具有在机械和/或电方面可靠的材料锁合的连接部。由于第一金属带材在其纵向边缘或纵向侧上的多层结构,使得镀层提供了使对接缝基本上在第一带材横向区段的第一镀层与第二带材横向区段之间延伸的可能性,由此不需要担心对接缝中出现不利的金属间相或者在数量上可忽略不计。对接缝因此也不具有降低强度或电导率的脆性相,由此使得根据本发明的金属带材可以特别适用于电构件,例如接触器。
此外,根据本发明的金属带材不遭受在不同的金属带材情况下已知的稳定性下降,因此确保了可靠的最终产品。这尤其是由于在第二带材区段中提供了相对较高的抗拉强度(Rm)≥360MPa。
因此,根据本发明的金属带材可以稳定地将不同原料组的各种各样的特性集于一体。
尤其地,当铝合金具有至少为9MS/m(兆西门子每米)的电导率时,则该金属带材可以适用于电应用。优选地,第一基层具有至少为18MS/m的电导率。
当对接缝只在第一镀层与第二带材横向区段之间延伸时,则可以进一步遏制这些不利的金属间相的发生。优选地,对接缝仅在第一镀层与第二基层之间延伸。
优选地,第一带材横向区段具有大于或等于第二带材横向区段的第二带材厚度的第一带材厚度,以便因此例如可以提供独特匹配于进一步加工的半成品。
例如,当第二带材横向区段在其第二带材厚度方面小于等于与第二带材横向区段联接的第一镀层的那个层厚度时,可以得到高质量的对接缝。
可以被证实特别有利的是,第一带材横向区段的第一带材厚度与第二带材横向区段的第二带材厚度之比为1:1至1:0.2,尤其是1:0.6至1:0.7。
优选地,第二金属带材的或第二带材横向区段的第二基层由能时效固化的铜合金构成。为此,该第二基层可以具有CuNiSi基。优选地,第二基层由CuNi1.5Si、CuNi3Si1Mg或CuNi2SiSn合金构成。
替选能想象到的是,第二基层由低合金的铜合金构成,例如由CuFe2P合金构成。
也能想象到的是,第二基层由Cu-Sn合金构成,即例如由例如处于冷作硬化状态下的CuSn6合金构成。
此外能想象到的是,第二金属带材具有无机涂层。该涂层优选构造在第二基层上。例如,该涂层可以通过以例如2~10μm的锡进行的热镀锡工艺构成,或者例如通过以例如1~3μm的镍闪(Ni-Flash)和在其上例如2~6μm的锡进行的电镀工艺构成。
如果第一镀层例如具有<420MPa的抗拉强度(Rm),就可以确保与第一金属带材的基层或另一层的稳定的材料锁合的接驳。尤其是当第一镀层具有<360MPa的抗拉强度(Rm)时,这一点能被改善。
优选地,第一镀层由铜构成,即例如由原料牌号为EN CW008A的铜构成。
替选地能想象到的是,第一镀层由低合金的铜合金构成。
此外能想象到的是,第一镀层由CuSn合金构成,即例如由例如处于软/软退火状态下的CuSn6构成。
当第一带材横向区段具有在纵向边缘处相对于镀层回缩的凹部时,则还可以进一步遏制有害的金属间相的形成。该凹部例如可以构造为倒角或切口。
优选地,第一镀层和第一基层经轧制涂镀,这可以使镀层与基层相对稳定地接驳。
此外,当对接缝被构造成I型缝时,则能获得稳定的焊接连接部。
尤其地,根据本发明的金属带材可以适合作为半成品或预制材料,以便因此例如通过冲压工艺制造至少一个电构件,例如电接触器。
本发明的任务在用于制造金属带材的方法方面通过权利要求12的特征来解决。
由于第一金属带材和第二金属带材通过如下方式在纵向侧持续地且彼此对接地焊接,即,将基本上与第一镀层对接联接的第二金属带材与该第一镀层熔接,因此可以抑制那些在焊接不同原料组时通常生成的、对焊缝的稳定性具有不利影响的金属间相。为此,第一镀层至少沿着第一金属带材的纵向边缘设置在第一基层上。因此,第一金属带材在该纵向边缘或纵向侧上是多层的。因此,尤其提高了用于制造根据本发明的金属带材的方法的可再现性。
优选地,为此将第一金属带材和第二金属带材连贯地彼此焊接。
当将第二金属带材仅与第一镀层对接联接时,尤其是当将第二基层仅与第一镀层对接联接时,则还能改善方法的可再现性。
如果借助光束焊接工艺将第一金属带材和第二金属带材彼此焊接,这可以进一步提高用于制造稳定的金属带材的方法的可再现性。对于光束焊接工艺来说,使用激光可以被证明是特别有利的。利用该激光,可以产生窄的对接缝和/或由于热流区相对较小而进一步减少或完全避免不利的金属间相。
优选地,轧制涂镀第一镀层和第一基层,以便可再现地提供具有高聚合性层的第一金属带材。
例如,通过在焊接前为第一金属带材设有在纵向边缘上相对于镀层回缩的凹部,尤其是倒角或切口,可以进一步避免由于第一和第二基层的混合而在焊缝中构成有害的金属间相的风险。
附图说明
例如在附图中结合多个实施变体更详细地示出本发明的主题。其中:
图1示出横向剖开的根据第一实施例的金属带材的侧视图;
图2示出横向剖开的根据第二实施例的金属带材的侧视图;以及
图3示出横向剖开的根据第三实施例的金属带材的侧视图。
具体实施方式
根据图1例如示出了根据第一实施例的金属带材1,该金属带材具有第一带材横向区段2a和第二带材横向区段2b。
第一带材横向区段2a由第一金属带材3形成,第二带材横向区段2b由第二金属带材4形成,它们彼此材料锁合地连接,更确切地说经由沿着金属带材1延伸的对接缝5连接。该对接缝5沿金属带材1的纵向方向L连贯地延伸。
第一金属带材3具有由铝合金构成的第一基层3a。
第二金属带材4具有由铜合金构成的第二基层4a,并且具有抗拉强度(Rm)≥360MPa(根据标准DIN EN ISO 6892-1的拉伸试验)。
由于第二金属带材4的这种相对较高的抗拉强度,使得接合工艺被限制于焊接工艺,这在金属带材3、4的不同基本金属的情况下将导致不利的金属间相。这些相不利地降低了焊接连接部的强度和/或延展性和/或电导率,从而降低了金属带材1的稳定性,例如在优选是通过改形、尤其是深拉进一步加工成构件方面。
该缺点根据本发明通过如下方式被避免,即,使第一金属带材3特别地被构造成使其具有由铜构成的外部的第一镀层3b。
该第一镀层3b至少沿着第一金属带材3的纵向边缘6a或纵向侧存在,并在那里被设置在第一基层3a上。因此,第一金属带材3在该纵向边缘6a处被多层地、即两层地构建,其中,一个或多个另外的层,例如未示出的一个/多个中间层也是能想到的,这方面并未被示出。
在根据图1所示的实施例中,第一镀层3b还形成在第一基层3a上的、即在基层3a的平侧上的全面的覆盖层。因此,第一金属带材3是在单侧被涂镀的,其中,双侧涂镀的基层3a也是能想象到的,这在图中没有示出。
首先,通过第一基层3a和第一镀层3b的涂镀式接合连接使得(尽管它们的基本金属不同)防止它们之间出现有害的金属间相。
然而,特别地,第一镀层3b为在金属带材1上设置具有铜合金且抗拉强度(Rm)≥360MPa的第二带材横向区段2b提供了可能性。这通过如下方式来实现,即,使对接缝5基本上在第一带材横向区段2a的第一镀层3b与第二带材横向区段2b之间延伸。
因此避免了在两个带材横向区段2a和2b之间的接合连接部中出现不利的金属间相。
此外,通过该第一镀层3b也显著简化了金属带材1的制造。因此,第一金属带材和第二金属带材可以通过如下方式在纵向侧持续地并在对接部7处彼此焊接,即,将基本上与第一镀层3b对接联接的第二金属带材4与该第一镀层3b熔接。
以该方式,使得在第一金属带材3与第二金属带材4之间实现了稳定的材料锁合的连接,这是因为使得基本原料3a、4b的外来基本金属的混杂可以很低,或者甚至可以避免。当该对接缝5被构造为I型缝(如图1可以看出)并且金属带材3、4借助通过使用激光实现的光束焊接工艺被焊接起来时,情况尤其如此。光束焊接工艺尤其还可以进一步方便金属带材1的连续的制造。
从图1中可以得知,对接缝5仅在第一镀层3b与第二基层4a之间延伸。在进行材料锁合的接合之前,在接合面的区域中去除掉在第二基层4a上所设置的且可选的那个涂层4b。
该涂层4b例如可以是2μm到10μm厚的锡层。其他的涂层也是能想到的,例如电镀涂层。此外能想象到的是,连同涂层4b一起被焊接。
金属带材1的优选原料组合是:
第一带材横向区段2a或者说第一金属带材3:
·第一基层3a由H14或H24状态下的Al 99.5(EN AW-1050A)构成,其电导率为34~36MS/m。
·第一镀层3b由Cu-OF(原料牌号:EN CW008A)构成,其抗拉强度(Rm)为200MPa至280MPa。
第二带材横向区段2b或者说第二金属带材4:
·第二基层4a由CuNi3Si1Mg构成,其抗拉强度(Rm)为620MPa至760MPa。
·可能的涂层4b,例如4μm厚的锌层。
金属带材1例如在所有带材横向区段2a、2b上具有0.2mm至3.5mm的、有利的是0.4mm至3mm的带材厚度。此外例如能想象到的是,金属带材1的总带材宽度例如为10mm至250mm,有利的是40mm至150mm。
第一金属带材3具有比第二金属带材4的第二带材厚度9更大的第一带材厚度8。在优选的原料组合中,第一带材横向区段2a的第一带材厚度8与第二带材横向区段2b的第二带材厚度9的厚度之比为1:0.73至0.78。
从实施例可以得知,第一镀层3b具有的抗拉强度为(Rm)<420MPa,这例如能够实现在第一基层3a上进行可再现的轧制涂镀。
此外从图1中可以看出,在纵向边缘6a或纵向侧上可以看到形式为倒角10a的凹部10。该凹部10通过如下方式形成,即,使第一基层3a相对于第一镀层3b回缩。因此,第一金属带材3在其纵向边缘6a处是不平坦的或呈阶梯状的。优选地,在两个金属带材3、4彼此对接用于焊接之前,通过分离法,例如通过切削法,在第一基层3a上设置该凹部10。
与图1的金属带材101相比,根据图2所示的根据第二实施例的金属带材101由其他金属带材103和104制成。
因此,在第一基层3a上,第一镀层3b并不作为全面的覆盖层进行涂镀,而是在本实施例中在基层3a的平侧上作为条带状的覆盖层进行涂镀,其中,条带在基层3a上沿该纵向边缘6a或纵向侧延伸。
此外,第二金属带材104具有厚度变化,并且其中,最大带材厚度9大于镀层3b的层厚度8a。尽管如此,第二金属带材104,即第二基层4a,仍仅与第一镀层3b联接。这尤其是由于第一基层3a具有形式为切口10b的凹部10,该凹部相对于第一镀层3b回缩,更确切地说从该第一镀层出发回缩。因此,在该第二实施例中,第一金属带材3在其纵向边缘6a处也是不平坦的或呈阶梯状的。
因此,对接缝5中不会出现金属间相和通常的脆性相,这确保了金属带材101的高稳定性。此外,该材料锁合的连接部可以确保有利的电性能,这尤其对电动车辆具有重要意义。
根据图3所示的第三实施例,金属带材201具有三个带材横向区段2a、2b和2c。其中的第一带材横向区段2a由具有第一镀层3b和第二镀层3c的第一金属带材203构成。两个例如在原料方面和例如在尺寸方面相同的镀层3b、3c作为条带状的覆盖层被涂镀在第一基层3a上、即涂镀在基层3a的平侧上,这些条带分别沿着第一金属带材203的两个平行的纵向边缘6a、6b中或纵向侧中的一个延伸。在本实施例中,第一金属带材3在其纵向边缘6b处是平坦的,而在其纵向边缘6a处是不平坦的或呈阶梯状的。
除了与第一镀层3b对接地熔接的、构成第二带材横向区段2b的第二金属带材4外,金属带材201还具有第三金属带材205,它构成第三带材横向区段2c。
第三金属带材205与第一金属带材203以相同的方式连接,与第二金属带材4的连接的情况也是如此,或所有实施例的情况都如此。具有与第二金属带材4相同的第二基本原料4a的第三金属带材205经由对接缝5与第二镀层3c熔接。
第三金属带材205在带材厚度209方面比第二金属带材4小,但也是仅在第三金属带材205与镀层3c之间构成对接缝,从而在对接缝5中不会出现金属间相和通常的脆性相。因此提供了稳定的金属带材201。
因此,这些金属带材1、101和201均特别适合作为用于电接触器,例如压装销等的半成品或预制材料。在现有技术中,金属带材1、101和201通常例如被称为混合型金属带材。
Claims (16)
1.金属带材,所述金属带材具有由第一金属带材(3、103、203)构成的第一带材横向区段(2a)和由第二金属带材(4、104)构成的第二带材横向区段(2b),所述第一金属带材具有由铝或铝合金构成的第一基层(3a),所述第二金属带材(4、104)具有≥360MPa、尤其是≥420MPa的抗拉强度(Rm)且具有由铜或铜合金构成的第二基层(4a),其中,所述第一带材横向区段(2a)经由沿所述金属带材(1)纵向延伸的对接缝(5)与所述第二带材横向区段(2b)彼此材料锁合地连接,其特征在于,所述第一金属带材(3、103、203)具有至少沿纵向边缘(6a、6b)设置在所述第一基层(3a)上的由铜或铜合金构成的第一镀层(3b),并且所述对接缝(5)基本上在所述第一带材横向区段(2a)的第一镀层(3b)与所述第二带材横向区段(2b)之间延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属带材,其特征在于,所述第一基层(3a)具有至少为9MS/m的电导率,尤其是至少为18MS/m的电导率。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的金属带材,其特征在于,所述对接缝(5)仅在所述第一镀层(3b)与所述第二带材横向区段(2b)、尤其是与所述第二基层(4a)之间延伸。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的金属带材,其特征在于,所述第一带材横向区段(2a)具有大于或等于所述第二带材横向区段(2b)的第二带材厚度(9)的第一带材厚度(8)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的金属带材,其特征在于,所述第一带材横向区段(2a)的第一带材厚度(8)与所述第二带材横向区段(2b)的第二带材厚度(9)的厚度之比为1:1至1:0.2,尤其为1:0.6至1:0.7。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的金属带材,其特征在于,所述第二基层(4a)由如下成分构成:
能时效固化的铜合金,尤其是具有CuNiSi基,例如是CuNi1.5Si合金、CuNi3Si1Mg合金或CuNi2SiSn合金,或
低合金的铜合金,尤其是CuFe2P合金,或
Cu-Sn合金,尤其是CuSn6合金。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的金属带材,其特征在于,所述第一镀层(3b)具有<420MPa,尤其是<360MPa的抗拉强度(Rm)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的金属带材,其特征在于,所述第一镀层(3b)由铜构成,尤其是由原料牌号为EN CW008A的铜构成,或由低合金的铜合金或由Cu-Sn合金构成。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的金属带材,其特征在于,所述第一带材横向区段(2a)具有在所述纵向边缘(6a)处相对于所述镀层(3b)回缩的凹部(10),尤其是倒角(10a)或切口(10b)。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的金属带材,其特征在于,所述第一镀层(3b)和所述第一基层(3a)经轧制涂镀,和/或所述对接缝(5)构造为I型缝。
11.由根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的金属带材(1、101、201)构成的用于至少一个电构件、尤其是电接触器的半成品或预制材料。
12.用于连续制造根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的金属带材(1、101、201)的方法,其中,
将第一金属带材(3、103、203)和第二金属带材(4、104)通过如下方式在纵向侧持续地并彼此对接地焊接,即,将基本上与第一镀层(3b)对接联接的第二金属带材(4、104)与第一镀层(3b)熔接,所述第一金属带材具有由铝或铝合金构成的第一基层(3a)并且具有由铜或铜合金构成的第一镀层(3b),其中,所述第一镀层(3b)至少沿所述第一金属带材(3、103、203)的纵向边缘(6a、6b)设置在所述第一基层(3a)上,所述第二金属带材具有≥360MPa、尤其是≥420MPa的抗拉强度(Rm)且具有由铜或铜合金构成的第二基层(4a)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述第二金属带材(4、104),尤其是所述第二基层(4a)仅与所述第一镀层(3b)对接联接。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法,其特征在于,借助优选在使用激光情况下的光束焊接工艺将所述第一金属带材(3、103、203)和所述第二金属带材(4、104)彼此焊接。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,轧制涂镀所述第一镀层(3b)和所述第一基层(3a)。
16.根据权利要求12至15中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在焊接之前,给所述第一金属带材(3、103、203)设有在所述纵向边缘(6a)处相对于所述第一镀层(3b)回缩的凹部(10),尤其是倒角(10a)或切口(10b)。
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