CN116357623B - Anti-surge control method of centrifugal air compressor for fuel cell - Google Patents

Anti-surge control method of centrifugal air compressor for fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116357623B
CN116357623B CN202310242851.6A CN202310242851A CN116357623B CN 116357623 B CN116357623 B CN 116357623B CN 202310242851 A CN202310242851 A CN 202310242851A CN 116357623 B CN116357623 B CN 116357623B
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air
air compressor
pressure
fuel cell
temperature
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CN116357623A (en
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潘艳艳
曹桂军
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Shenzhen Hynovation Technologies Co ltd
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Shenzhen Hynovation Technologies Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0261—Surge control by varying driving speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0284—Conjoint control of two or more different functions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
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  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a centrifugal air compressor anti-surge structure for a fuel cell and a control method thereof, wherein the structure comprises a galvanic pile and an air inlet pipeline; the air inlet pipeline comprises a first side of an air filter, an air flowmeter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier which are sequentially connected, the air inlet pipeline further comprises a first adjusting branch and a second adjusting branch, the inlet end of the first adjusting branch is arranged between the air compressor and the intercooler, and a first bypass valve is arranged on the first adjusting branch; the inlet end of the second regulating branch is arranged between the intercooler and the humidifier, and a second bypass valve is arranged on the second regulating branch. According to the invention, the air compressor can be regulated and optimized by combining with the environmental working condition, and the air compressor avoids a surge area on the premise of not increasing the load of the air compressor and ensuring the efficiency of a fuel cell system, so that the aim of anti-surge of the air compressor is fulfilled.

Description

Anti-surge control method of centrifugal air compressor for fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell.
Background
With the development of the fuel cell industry, environmental suitability of a fuel cell system is increasingly emphasized, especially environmental (especially, environmental parameters such as altitude, ambient temperature, etc.) suitability indexes. The air compressor is a pressure and flow regulating component of the core of the air subsystem of the fuel cell, the most commonly used type of air compressor in the industry at present is a centrifugal type, and the centrifugal type air compressor has the advantages of low noise, high performance, capability of realizing oil free through an air bearing, proper pressure ratio, compact structure and the like, but has the important characteristic that airflow oscillation is easy to occur under the condition of working at low flow and high pressure ratio, and is commonly called surge phenomenon. When the air compressor is in surge, a series of chain reactions such as uncontrollable air flow, large noise, large vibration, high temperature rise and the like can be caused, and even the air compressor can be damaged when serious. The working medium of the air compressor is air in a working environment, corresponding changes of ambient air pressure, ambient air density and the like are easy to cause the working space of the air compressor to enter a surge area under different ambient working conditions, the air compressor is possibly damaged, the air supply of a fuel cell system is directly influenced, and a fuel cell stack is damaged in severe cases. Therefore, how to prevent the surge of the air compressor is of great importance.
One of the current common anti-surge methods in the industry is to arrange an air extractor at the outlet of the electric pile, rapidly extract the flow of the air channel, accelerate the flow rate of the air channel of the electric pile, and equivalently improve the working flow of the air compressor, so that the air compressor jumps out of a surge area; however, this method may result in higher air flow into the stack than required, and may result in excessive air to reduce the humidity of the membrane electrode in the stack, resulting in a dry film phenomenon, and thus in reduced stack performance, and also in reduced fuel cell system efficiency due to increased air compressor power. The anti-surge method is that an exhaust pipeline is arranged at the outlet of the air compressor, so that the working flow of the air compressor is improved, and the redundant flow is directly discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipeline. The method does not affect the pressure and flow supply required by the electric pile, but can increase the power consumption of the air compressor and also cause the efficiency reduction of the fuel cell system. In addition, the working flow of the air compressor is directly increased to avoid the surge area and prevent the surge phenomenon, and accordingly the working load of the air compressor is increased, so that the power consumption of the air compressor is increased; and the air compressor cannot be adjusted and optimized by combining the environmental working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell, which aims to regulate and optimize the air compressor in combination with environmental conditions, and avoid a surge area of the air compressor on the premise of not increasing the load of the air compressor and ensuring the efficiency of a fuel cell system, thereby achieving the aim of anti-surge of the air compressor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an anti-surge structure of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell, comprising a pile and an air inlet pipeline, wherein the air inlet pipeline is communicated with an air inlet of the pile; the air inlet pipeline comprises a first side of an air filter, an air flowmeter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier which are sequentially connected, the air inlet pipeline further comprises a first adjusting branch and a second adjusting branch, the inlet end of the first adjusting branch is arranged between the air compressor and the intercooler, and a first bypass valve is arranged on the first adjusting branch; the inlet end of the second regulating branch is arranged between the intercooler and the humidifier, and a second bypass valve is arranged on the second regulating branch; the outlet ends of the first adjusting branch and the second adjusting branch are arranged between the air flowmeter and the air compressor.
Optionally, a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor are arranged between the air filter and the air flowmeter, and the first temperature sensor and the first pressure sensor are respectively used for collecting ambient temperature Ta and ambient air pressure Pa.
Optionally, a second pressure sensor is arranged between the air flow meter and the air compressor, a third pressure sensor is arranged between the air compressor and the intercooler, and the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor are respectively used for collecting real-time air pressures P1 and P2 at an inlet and an outlet of the air compressor; and a fourth pressure sensor is arranged at the air inlet of the electric pile and is used for collecting pile-in air pressure Pin.
Optionally, a second temperature sensor is arranged between the air flow meter and the air compressor, and the second temperature sensor is used for collecting real-time temperature Tin at the inlet of the air compressor.
Optionally, the humidifier comprises an air outlet pipeline, wherein the air outlet pipeline is communicated with an air outlet of the electric pile, and the air outlet pipeline comprises a second side of the humidifier, a back pressure valve and an exhaust pipe which are sequentially connected.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention also provides an anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell, comprising the following steps:
collecting an ambient temperature Ta and an ambient air pressure Pa;
judging whether the ambient temperature Ta is smaller than a preset temperature range or not; if the ambient temperature Ta is smaller than a preset temperature range, the opening EB of the first bypass valve is adjusted according to a nonlinear function EB=f (Ta); otherwise, the first bypass valve is closed;
judging whether the ambient air pressure Pa is smaller than a preset air pressure range; if the ambient air pressure Pa is smaller than the preset air pressure range, adjusting the opening EP of the second bypass valve according to a nonlinear function EP=f (Pa); otherwise, the second bypass valve is closed.
Optionally, the preset temperature range is 25±5 ℃, and the preset air pressure range is 101.325±5kPaA.
Optionally, the method for obtaining the nonlinear function eb=f (Ta) includes the following steps:
taking a plurality of temperature points between-30 ℃ and 20 ℃ to define t1, t2, tn;
at an ambient temperature t1, when the real-time temperature Tin of the air entering the inlet of the air compressor again after the air is mixed in a backflow way through the first regulating branch reaches a range of 25+/-5 ℃, recording the opening EB1 of the first bypass valve at the moment; the real-time temperature Tin at the inlet of the air compressor is obtained through a second temperature sensor;
repeating the steps to obtain a corresponding relation between a plurality of groups of ambient temperatures tn and the first bypass valve opening EBn, and fitting the data to obtain a nonlinear function relation EB=f (Ta).
Optionally, the method for obtaining the nonlinear function ep=f (Pa) includes the following steps:
taking a plurality of air pressure points between 80 and 95.325kPaA to define p1, p2, p & ltp >
under the environment air pressure P1, when the real-time pressure P1 of the air entering the inlet of the air compressor again after the air is mixed by the backflow of the second regulating branch reaches the range of 101.325+/-5 kPaA, the opening degree EP1 of the second bypass valve is recorded at the moment; wherein the real-time pressure P1 at the inlet of the air compressor is obtained by a second pressure sensor.
Repeating the steps to obtain the corresponding relation between a plurality of groups of ambient pressure pn and the second bypass valve EPn, and fitting the data to obtain a nonlinear function relation EP=f (Pa).
Optionally, after the step of collecting the ambient temperature Ta and the ambient air pressure Pa, the method further includes the following steps:
if the ambient temperature Ta is In a preset temperature range and the ambient air pressure Pa is In a preset air pressure range, obtaining a stacking demand flow Mn and a stacking demand pressure Ptn according to the working flow M of the air compressor and the corresponding relation between the stacking air pressure Pin and the current In by using a fuel cell PID control algorithm; the working flow M of the air compressor is obtained through an air flow meter, and the pile-in air pressure Pin is obtained through a fourth pressure sensor;
and adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor according to the stacking demand flow Mn, and adjusting the opening of the back pressure valve according to the stacking demand pressure Ptn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the existing centrifugal air compressor generally has an aerodynamic performance diagram, MAP for short, measured at 25 ℃ and 1atm standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPaA), which represents a relation diagram of working flow-pressure ratio of the air compressor under the environmental working condition, wherein the outside of the left boundary line on the MAP is an air compressor surge area, and the working conditions of high pressure ratio and low flow are represented. Preventing air compressor surge requires either an increase in air flow or a decrease in pressure ratio to operate the air compressor below the surge line. In the related art, the anti-surge method generally increases the working flow of the air compressor directly, which can cause the load of the air compressor to increase, or may introduce excessive air into the electric pile to cause the phenomenon of membrane dryness to reduce the performance of the electric pile, further reduce the output power and efficiency of the fuel cell system, and does not optimize the change of different environmental working conditions.
According to the invention, through the cooperation of the first regulating branch and the second regulating branch, the working flow and the pressure ratio of the air compressor can be regulated in combination with the change of environmental working conditions, and the surge area of the air compressor is avoided on the premise of not increasing the load of the air compressor and ensuring the efficiency of a fuel cell system, so that the aim of preventing the surge of the air compressor is fulfilled. On the one hand, the surge phenomenon caused by the high-altitude or low-temperature environment is compensated by the high-pressure or high-temperature air flowing back to the outlet of the air compressor, so that the environmental adaptability of the fuel cell system is improved. On the other hand, the surge area of the air compressor is avoided by recovering the energy of the outlet of the air compressor, so that the load of the air compressor is not increased, and in addition, the reduction of the performance of a galvanic pile due to the dry membrane of the galvanic pile caused by directly increasing the air flow rate of the incoming pile can be avoided.
In particular, the method comprises the steps of,
when the ambient temperature is low (for example, winter), the ambient temperature Ta is lower than the preset temperature range, and the ambient air pressure Pa is within the preset air pressure range, there is mainly a risk that the air temperature is low, the air density is high, the working flow of the air compressor changes phase and decreases, and the working point shifts leftwards on the MAP to be close to the surge area, thereby causing surge. At this point, the air inlet air is temperature compensated by the first conditioning branch. The air compressed by the air compressor has raised pressure and temperature, and part of high-temperature air flowing back through the first regulating branch is mixed with fresh air entering from the environment and then enters the air compressor, so that on one hand, the air temperature is raised, and the working flow point is maintained; on the other hand, the real-time pressure P1 at the air compressor inlet is raised, the air compressor working pressure is lowered than PR (pr=air compressor outlet real-time pressure P2/air compressor inlet real-time pressure P1), and the working point is shifted downward on MAP away from the surge region. And the energy in the gas at the outlet of the partial air compressor is recovered, so that the work done by the air compressor is reduced, and the power consumption of the air compressor can be reduced to a certain extent. Wherein the first bypass valve opening EB in the first regulating branch is regulated according to a nonlinear function eb=f (Ta).
When the ambient air pressure is low (for example, a high altitude area), the ambient temperature Ta is in a preset temperature range, and the ambient air pressure Pa is lower than the preset air pressure range, there is mainly the risk of the surge caused by the reduction of the atmospheric pressure, the reduction of the inlet pressure of the air compressor and the increase of the working pressure ratio of the air compressor, and the upward shift of the working point on the MAP is close to the surge area. At this time, the second regulating branch is used for pressure compensation of the inlet air of the air compressor. The pressure of the air cooled by the intercooler is increased and the temperature of the air is lower than that of an outlet of the air compressor, and part of medium-temperature high-pressure air flowing back through the second regulating branch is mixed with fresh air entering from the environment and then enters the air compressor, so that on one hand, the air temperature is increased to a larger extent without introducing excessive heat, and the working flow point is relatively maintained; on the other hand, the neutral low atmospheric pressure, the air compressor inlet real-time pressure P1, is raised, the air compressor working pressure ratio PR (pr=air compressor outlet real-time pressure P2/air compressor inlet real-time pressure P1) is lowered, and the working point is shifted downward on MAP away from the surge region. And the energy in the gas at the outlet of the partial air compressor is recovered, so that the work done by the air compressor is reduced, and the power consumption of the air compressor can be reduced to a certain extent. Wherein the second bypass valve opening EP in the second regulating branch is regulated according to a nonlinear function ep=f (Pa).
When the ambient temperature and the ambient air pressure are lower, the ambient temperature Ta and the ambient air pressure Pa are lower than the preset temperature range and the preset air pressure range, and the air temperature and the air pressure of the inlet of the air compressor are synchronously compensated by combining the first regulating branch and the second regulating branch. Wherein the opening EB and EP of the first and second bypass valves are compensated for control simultaneously according to the above-mentioned nonlinear functions eb=f (Ta) and ep=f (Pa).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an anti-surge structure of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing steps of an anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the steps of an embodiment of a method for controlling anti-surge of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a third step of an anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating steps of an embodiment of an anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of aerodynamic performance of a centrifugal air compressor (MAP for short) at 25℃under 1atm standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPaA).
The names of the components marked in the figures are as follows:
the achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is shown, however, some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
Furthermore, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
The embodiment discloses a centrifugal air compressor anti-surge structure for a fuel cell, and referring to fig. 1, the structure comprises a pile 1 and an air inlet pipeline 2, wherein the air inlet pipeline 2 is communicated with an air inlet of the pile 1; the air inlet pipeline 2 comprises an air filter 201, an air flowmeter 202, an air compressor 203, an intercooler 204 and a first side of a humidifier 4 which are sequentially connected, the air inlet pipeline 2 further comprises a first regulating branch 5 and a second regulating branch 6, an inlet end of the first regulating branch 5 is arranged between the air compressor 203 and the intercooler 204, and a first bypass valve 501 is arranged on the first regulating branch 5; the inlet end of the second regulating branch 6 is arranged between the intercooler 204 and the humidifier 4, and a second bypass valve 601 is arranged on the second regulating branch 6; the outlet ends of the first regulating branch 5 and the second regulating branch 6 are both arranged between the air flow meter 202 and the air compressor 203.
According to the embodiment, through the cooperation of the first adjusting branch 5 and the second adjusting branch 6, the working flow and the pressure ratio of the air compressor 203 can be adjusted by combining the change of environmental working conditions, and the air compressor 203 is prevented from surging on the premise of not increasing the load of the air compressor 203 and ensuring the efficiency of a fuel cell system, so that the aim of surging prevention of the air compressor 203 is fulfilled. On the one hand, the surge phenomenon caused by the high-altitude or low-temperature environment is compensated by the high-pressure or high-temperature air flowing back to the outlet of the air compressor 203, which is beneficial to improving the environmental adaptability of the fuel cell system. On the other hand, by recovering the energy at the outlet of the air compressor 203, the surge area of the air compressor 203 is avoided without increasing the load of the air compressor 203, and in addition, the reduction of the performance of the electric pile 1 due to the dry film of the electric pile 1 caused by directly increasing the flow rate of the air entering the pile can be avoided.
Specifically, a first temperature sensor 701 and a first pressure sensor 801 are provided between the air cleaner 201 and the air flow meter 202, and the first temperature sensor 701 and the first pressure sensor 801 are respectively configured to collect the ambient temperature Ta and the ambient air pressure Pa. So set up, because first temperature sensor 701 and first pressure sensor 801 all set up between air cleaner 201 and air flowmeter 202, utilize to detect in order to gather ambient temperature Ta and ambient pressure Pa respectively to the air, simple structure practicality is strong.
Specifically, a second pressure sensor 802 is arranged between the air flow meter 202 and the air compressor 203, a third pressure sensor 803 is arranged between the air compressor 203 and the intercooler 204, and the second pressure sensor 802 and the third pressure sensor 803 are respectively used for collecting real-time air pressures P1 and P2 at an inlet and an outlet of the air compressor 203; a fourth pressure sensor 804 is arranged at the air inlet of the electric pile 1, and the fourth pressure sensor 804 is used for collecting the pile-in air pressure Pin. So set up, be used for gathering real-time atmospheric pressure P1 and P2 in the entrance and the exit of air compressor 203 respectively through second pressure sensor 802 and third pressure sensor 803 in order to measure the pressure ratio of air compressor 203, through fourth pressure sensor 804 in order to gather into heap atmospheric pressure Pin, be convenient for follow-up to first bypass valve 501 and second bypass valve 601 aperture adjust.
Specifically, a second temperature sensor 702 is disposed between the air flow meter 202 and the air compressor 203, and the second temperature sensor 702 is used for collecting real-time temperature Tin at the inlet of the air compressor 203. The arrangement is that the second temperature sensor 702 is used for collecting the real-time temperature Tin at the inlet of the air compressor 203, so that the opening of the first bypass valve 501 and the opening of the second bypass valve 601 can be conveniently adjusted by using the real-time temperature Tin at the inlet of the air compressor 203.
Specifically, the electric pile comprises an air outlet pipeline 3, wherein the air outlet pipeline 3 is communicated with an air outlet of the electric pile 1, and the air outlet pipeline 3 comprises a second side of the humidifier 4, a back pressure valve 301 and an exhaust pipe 302 which are sequentially connected. So set up, through the purpose that adjusts backpressure valve 301 aperture in order to reach to satisfy into heap demand pressure Ptn, simple structure practicality is strong.
In combination with the above anti-surge structure of the centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell, the embodiment also discloses an anti-surge control method of the centrifugal air compressor for the fuel cell, comprising the following steps:
step S10; collecting an ambient temperature Ta and an ambient air pressure Pa;
in the above steps, the preset temperature range is 25+ -5deg.C, and the preset air pressure range is 101.325+ -5 kPaA. So arranged, considering that the present example is a study analysis based on a pneumatic performance map of a centrifugal air compressor at 25 ℃ and 1atm standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPaA), a preset temperature range and a preset air pressure range are set within upper and lower ranges of 25 ℃ and 1atm standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPaA).
Step S20; judging whether the ambient temperature Ta is smaller than a preset temperature range or not; if the ambient temperature Ta is less than the preset temperature range, the opening EB of the first bypass valve 501 is adjusted according to a nonlinear function eb=f (Ta); otherwise, the first bypass valve 501 is closed;
step S30; judging whether the ambient air pressure Pa is smaller than a preset air pressure range; if the ambient air pressure Pa is smaller than the preset air pressure range, the opening EP of the second bypass valve 601 is adjusted according to a nonlinear function ep=f (Pa); otherwise, the second bypass valve 601 is closed.
Since the conventional centrifugal air compressor 203 generally has an aerodynamic performance MAP (MAP for short, as shown in fig. 6, it is to be noted that this MAP is only an exemplary MAP of the present patent and does not refer to an air compressor of a certain type), which represents a relationship diagram of the working flow-to-pressure ratio of the air compressor 203 under the environmental condition, wherein the outside of the left boundary line on the MAP is the surge region of the air compressor, the high-pressure ratio, and the low-flow condition. Preventing air compressor surge requires either an increase in air flow or a decrease in pressure ratio to operate the air compressor 203 below the surge line. In the related art, the anti-surge method generally increases the working flow of the air compressor 203 directly, which may increase the load of the air compressor 203, or may introduce excessive air into the electric pile 1 to cause the dry phenomenon of the membrane to reduce the performance of the electric pile 1, further reduce the output power and efficiency of the fuel cell system, and not optimize the variation of different environmental conditions.
In particular, the method comprises the steps of,
when the ambient temperature is low (for example, winter), the ambient temperature Ta is lower than the preset temperature range, and the ambient air pressure Pa is within the preset air pressure range, there is mainly a risk that the air temperature is low, the air density is high, the working flow of the air compressor 203 is changed to be low, and the working point shifts leftwards on the MAP to be close to the surge area, thereby causing surge. At this time, the temperature of the inlet air of the air compressor 203 is compensated by the first regulating branch 5. The air compressed by the air compressor 203 has raised pressure and temperature, and part of high-temperature air flowing back through the first regulating branch 5 is mixed with fresh air entering from the environment and then enters the air compressor 203, on one hand, the air temperature is raised, and the working flow point is maintained; on the other hand, the real-time pressure P1 at the inlet of the air compressor 203 is raised, the operating pressure of the air compressor 203 is lowered than PR (pr=real-time pressure P2 at the outlet of the air compressor 203/real-time pressure P1 at the inlet of the air compressor 203), and the operating point is shifted downward on MAP away from the surge region. And the energy in the gas at the outlet of the air compressor 203 is recovered, so that the work of the air compressor 203 is reduced, and the power consumption of a certain air compressor 203 can be reduced. Wherein the opening EB of the first bypass valve 501 in the first regulating branch 5 is regulated according to a nonlinear function eb=f (Ta).
When the ambient air pressure is low (for example, in a high altitude area), the ambient temperature Ta is in the preset temperature range, and the ambient air pressure Pa is lower than the preset air pressure range, there is mainly a risk of the surge caused by the decrease of the atmospheric pressure, the decrease of the inlet pressure of the air compressor 203, and the increase of the working pressure ratio of the air compressor 203, and the upward shift of the working point on the MAP is close to the surge area. At this time, the inlet air of the air compressor 203 is pressure-compensated by the second regulating branch 6. The pressure of the air cooled by the intercooler 204 is increased and the temperature is lower than the outlet of the air compressor 203, and the part of medium-temperature high-pressure air which flows back through the second regulating branch 6 is mixed with fresh air which enters from the environment and then enters the air compressor 203, so that on one hand, the air temperature is increased to a larger extent without introducing excessive heat, and the working flow point is relatively maintained; on the other hand, the neutral low atmospheric pressure increases the real-time pressure P1 at the inlet of the air compressor 203, the operating pressure of the air compressor 203 decreases from PR (pr=real-time pressure P2 at the outlet of the air compressor 203/real-time pressure P1 at the inlet of the air compressor 203), and the operating point shifts downward on MAP away from the surge region. And the energy in the gas at the outlet of the air compressor 203 is recovered, so that the work of the air compressor 203 is reduced, and the power consumption of a certain air compressor 203 can be reduced. Wherein the opening EP of the second bypass valve 601 in the second regulating branch 6 is regulated according to a nonlinear function ep=f (Pa).
When the ambient temperature and the ambient air pressure are both lower, and the ambient temperature Ta and the ambient air pressure Pa are both lower than the preset temperature range and the preset air pressure range, the air temperature and the air pressure at the inlet of the air compressor 203 are synchronously compensated by combining the first adjusting branch 5 and the second adjusting branch 6. Wherein the opening EB and EP of the first bypass valve 501 and the second bypass valve 601 are compensated for control simultaneously according to the nonlinear functions eb=f (Ta) and ep=f (Pa) described above.
Specifically, in step S20, referring to fig. 3, the method for acquiring the nonlinear function eb=f (Ta) includes the following steps:
step S21; taking a plurality of temperature points between-30 ℃ and 20 ℃ to define t1, t2, tn;
step S22; at the ambient temperature t1, when the real-time temperature Tin of the air entering the inlet of the air compressor 203 again after being mixed in a backflow way through the first regulating branch 5 reaches the range of 25+/-5 ℃, the opening EB1 of the first bypass valve 501 is recorded at the moment; wherein the real-time temperature Tin at the inlet of the air compressor 203 is obtained by the second temperature sensor 702;
step S23; step S22 is repeated to obtain a plurality of sets of correspondence between the ambient temperature tn and the opening EBn of the first bypass valve 501, and the above data is fitted to obtain a nonlinear function relationship eb=f (Ta).
The arrangement is that a plurality of temperature points are divided between-30 ℃ and-20 ℃ and respectively defined as t1, t2, & ltDEG & gt, tn; and then, by measuring the corresponding relation between the environmental temperatures tn and the opening EBn of the first bypass valve 501, a nonlinear function relation eb=f (Ta) is obtained by utilizing data fitting of the corresponding relation, so that the opening of the first bypass valve 501 in different environmental conditions can be adjusted by utilizing eb=f (Ta). Moreover, the first bypass valve 501EBn corresponding to the other non-preset air pressure point tn can be estimated through the nonlinear function relation eb=f (Ta), so that the air compressor 203 can be adjusted in accordance with different environmental conditions.
Specifically, in step S30, referring to fig. 4, the method for acquiring the nonlinear function ep=f (Pa) includes the following steps:
step S31; taking a plurality of air pressure points between 80 and 95.325kPaA to define p1, p2, p & ltp >
step S32; under the environment air pressure P1, when the real-time pressure P1 of the air entering the inlet of the air compressor 203 again after the air is mixed in a backflow way through the second regulating branch 6 reaches the range of 101.325+/-5 kPaA, the opening EP1 of the second bypass valve 601 is recorded at the moment; wherein the real-time pressure P1 at the inlet of the air compressor 203 is obtained by means of a second pressure sensor 802.
Step S23; step S32 is repeated to obtain a plurality of sets of correspondence between the ambient pressure pn and the second bypass valve 601EPn, and the above data is fitted to obtain a nonlinear function relationship ep=f (Pa).
The arrangement is that a plurality of air pressure points are divided between 80-95.325 kPaA and respectively defined as p1, p2, & pn; measuring the corresponding relation between a plurality of groups of ambient pressure pn and the second bypass valve 601EPn, and fitting the data to obtain a nonlinear function relation EP=f (Pa) so as to adjust the opening of the second bypass valve 601 under different ambient conditions by using the EP=f (Pa); moreover, the second bypass valve 601EPn corresponding to other non-preset air pressure points pn can be estimated through the nonlinear function relation ep=f (Pa), so that the air compressor 203 can be adjusted in accordance with different environmental conditions.
Specifically, after step S10, referring to fig. 5, the method further includes the following steps:
step S41; if the ambient temperature Ta is In a preset temperature range and the ambient air pressure Pa is In a preset air pressure range, obtaining a pile-In demand flow Mn and a pile-In demand pressure Ptn according to the working flow M of the air compressor 203 and the corresponding relation between the pile-In air pressure Pin and the current In by using a fuel cell PID control algorithm; wherein the working flow M of the air compressor 203 is obtained through the air flow meter 202, and the pile-in air pressure Pin is obtained through the fourth pressure sensor 804;
step S42; the rotational speed of the air compressor 203 is adjusted according to the in-stack demand flow rate Mn, and the opening degree of the back pressure valve 301 is adjusted according to the in-stack demand pressure Ptn.
When the ambient temperature Ta is In the preset temperature range and the ambient air pressure Pa is In the preset air pressure range, the fuel cell PID control algorithm is utilized to obtain the stacking demand flow Mn and the stacking demand pressure Ptn according to the working flow M of the air compressor 203 and the corresponding relation between the stacking air pressure Pin and the current In; wherein the working flow M of the air compressor 203 is obtained through the air flow meter 202, and the pile-in air pressure Pin is obtained through the fourth pressure sensor 804; the rotating speed of the air compressor 203 is adjusted according to the stacking demand flow Mn, and the opening of the back pressure valve 301 is adjusted according to the stacking demand pressure Ptn; the operation is simple and the practicability is strong.
It should be noted that, other contents of the anti-surge control method for a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell disclosed in the present invention are related art, and are not described herein.
The foregoing is merely an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all applications of the present invention directly/indirectly in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for controlling the anti-surge of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell is characterized in that:
the anti-surge structure of the centrifugal air compressor for the fuel cell comprises a pile and an air inlet pipeline, wherein the air inlet pipeline is communicated with an air inlet of the pile; the air inlet pipeline comprises a first side of an air filter, an air flowmeter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier which are sequentially connected, the air inlet pipeline further comprises a first adjusting branch and a second adjusting branch, the inlet end of the first adjusting branch is arranged between the air compressor and the intercooler, and a first bypass valve is arranged on the first adjusting branch; the inlet end of the second regulating branch is arranged between the intercooler and the humidifier, and a second bypass valve is arranged on the second regulating branch; the outlet ends of the first adjusting branch and the second adjusting branch are arranged between the air flowmeter and the air compressor; a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor are arranged between the air filter and the air flowmeter, and the first temperature sensor and the first pressure sensor are respectively used for collecting ambient temperature Ta and ambient air pressure Pa;
the anti-surge control method of the centrifugal air compressor for the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
collecting an ambient temperature Ta and an ambient air pressure Pa;
judging whether the ambient temperature Ta is smaller than a preset temperature; if the ambient temperature Ta is smaller than the preset temperature, the opening EB of the first bypass valve is adjusted according to a nonlinear function EB=f (Ta); otherwise, the first bypass valve is closed;
judging whether the ambient air pressure Pa is smaller than a preset air pressure; if the ambient air pressure Pa is smaller than the preset air pressure, adjusting the opening EP of the second bypass valve according to a nonlinear function EP=f (Pa); otherwise, the second bypass valve is closed.
2. The anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized by: a second pressure sensor is arranged between the air flow meter and the air compressor, a third pressure sensor is arranged between the air compressor and the intercooler, and the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor are respectively used for collecting real-time pressure P1 at an inlet and real-time pressure P2 at an outlet of the air compressor; and a fourth pressure sensor is arranged at the air inlet of the electric pile and is used for collecting pile-in air pressure Pin.
3. The anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized by: a second temperature sensor is arranged between the air flowmeter and the air compressor, and the second temperature sensor is used for collecting real-time temperature Tin at the inlet of the air compressor.
4. The anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized by: the humidifier comprises an air outlet pipeline, wherein the air outlet pipeline is communicated with an air outlet of the electric pile, and the air outlet pipeline comprises a second side of the humidifier, a back pressure valve and an exhaust pipe which are sequentially connected.
5. The anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized by: the preset temperature is 25+/-5 ℃, and the preset air pressure is 101.325+/-5 kPaA.
6. The anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized by: the method for acquiring the nonlinear function eb=f (Ta) comprises the following steps:
taking a plurality of temperature points between-30 ℃ and 20 ℃ to define t1, t2, tn;
at an ambient temperature t1, when the real-time temperature Tin of the air entering the inlet of the air compressor again after the air is mixed in a backflow way through the first regulating branch reaches a range of 25+/-5 ℃, recording the opening EB1 of the first bypass valve at the moment; the real-time temperature Tin at the inlet of the air compressor is obtained through a second temperature sensor;
repeating the steps to obtain a plurality of groups of first corresponding relation data of the ambient temperature tn and the first bypass valve opening EBn, and fitting the first corresponding relation data to obtain a nonlinear function relation EB=f (Ta).
7. The anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized by: the method for acquiring the nonlinear function ep=f (Pa) comprises the following steps:
taking a plurality of air pressure points between 80 and 95.325kPaA to define p1, p2, p & ltp >
under the environment air pressure P1, when the real-time pressure P1 of the air entering the inlet of the air compressor again after the air is mixed by the backflow of the second regulating branch reaches the range of 101.325+/-5 kPaA, the opening degree EP1 of the second bypass valve is recorded at the moment; the real-time pressure P1 at the inlet of the air compressor is obtained through a second pressure sensor;
repeating the steps to obtain a plurality of groups of second corresponding relation data of the ambient pressure pn and the second bypass valve EPn, and fitting the second corresponding relation data to obtain a nonlinear function relation EP=f (Pa).
8. The anti-surge control method of a centrifugal air compressor for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized by: after the step of collecting the ambient temperature Ta and the ambient pressure Pa, the method further comprises the following steps:
if the ambient temperature Ta is In a preset temperature range and the ambient air pressure Pa is In a preset air pressure range, obtaining a stacking demand flow Mn and a stacking demand pressure Ptn according to the working flow M of the air compressor and the corresponding relation between the stacking air pressure Pin and the current In by using a fuel cell PID control algorithm; the working flow M of the air compressor is obtained through an air flow meter, and the pile-in air pressure Pin is obtained through a fourth pressure sensor;
and adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor according to the stacking demand flow Mn, and adjusting the opening of the back pressure valve according to the stacking demand pressure Ptn.
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