CN213816208U

CN213816208U - Integrated fuel cell air supply system and fuel cell system

Info

Publication number: CN213816208U
Application number: CN202022129900.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐丛国; 匡金俊; 彭旭; 毛志明; 郭玉平; 王成林
Original assignee: Shenzhen Guoqing New Energy Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Guoqing New Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-23
Filing date: 2020-09-23
Publication date: 2021-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-23

Abstract

The utility model discloses an integrated fuel cell air supply system, which comprises a controller unit, an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, an integrated valve group, a humidifier, a water separator and a silencer; the air compressor comprises an air supply inlet, an air supply outlet, an air recovery inlet and an air recovery outlet, the air supply inlet is connected with the air filter, and the air supply outlet is connected with the intercooler; the integrated valve group comprises an air inlet three-way valve and an air outlet three-way valve, the air inlet three-way valve comprises an air inlet and a first air inlet outlet, the air inlet is connected with the intercooler, the air inlet outlet is connected with the dry side inlet, the air outlet three-way valve comprises a first air outlet and an air outlet, and the first air outlet is connected with the wet side outlet; the water separator comprises a wet air inlet, a separated water outlet and a dry air outlet, the wet air inlet is connected with the exhaust outlet, and the dry air outlet is connected with the air recovery inlet.

Description

Integrated fuel cell air supply system and fuel cell system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fuel cell field, concretely relates to integrated form fuel cell air supply system and fuel cell system.

Background

The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, and the principle of the fuel cell is that fuel protons are conducted through a proton exchange membrane, electricity is generated in a mode of outputting current through an external passage, and a product is only composed of water. The energy conversion mode is efficient and environment-friendly, the energy conversion efficiency is very high, and the conversion mode is not limited by Carnot cycle. The fuel cell is widely applied to the fields of new energy automobiles, steamships, unmanned planes, combined heat and power generation and the like.

In a fuel cell system, the air system provides the required oxidant. During the operation of the fuel cell system, the influence from the air system mainly includes factors in air pressure, flow rate, temperature, humidity, cathode water production and water delivery capacity inside the stack, response speed and stability of air supply, and the like. When the conditions are met, the reliability of the system is considered, and the reliability comprises the starting and stopping times of the air compressor, the durability of the air compressor, the replacement period of the air filter, the service life of the humidifier and the like.

Patent publication No. CN110957507 discloses a fuel cell air supply device and a control method thereof, in the method, the scheme of anti-surge bypass flow of an air compressor of an air system is provided without energy recovery, and the scheme also provides that the inlet end of a galvanic pile adjusts air humidity through a plurality of proportional valves, which cannot ensure the air flow entering the galvanic pile when adjusting the air humidity, and there is no stop function at the inlet end and the outlet end of the air of the galvanic pile.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The present invention provides an integrated fuel cell air supply system, which aims to solve the technical problem in the background art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an integrated fuel cell air supply system, which includes a controller unit, an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, an integrated valve set, a humidifier, a water separator and a silencer, wherein the integrated valve set and the air compressor are respectively connected to the controller unit; wherein: the air compressor comprises an air supply inlet, an air supply outlet, an air recovery inlet and an air recovery outlet, the air supply inlet is connected with the air filter, and the air supply outlet is connected with the intercooler; the humidifier comprises a dry side inlet, a dry side outlet, a wet side inlet and a wet side outlet, the dry side outlet can be connected with an inlet of the fuel cell stack, the wet side inlet can be connected with an outlet of the fuel cell stack, the integrated valve group comprises an air inlet three-way valve and an air outlet three-way valve, the air inlet three-way valve comprises an air inlet and a first air inlet outlet, the air inlet is connected with the intercooler, the air inlet outlet is connected with the dry side inlet, the air outlet three-way valve comprises a first air outlet and an air outlet, and the first air outlet is connected with the wet side outlet; the water separator comprises a wet air inlet, a separated water outlet and a dry air outlet, the wet air inlet is connected with the exhaust outlet, the dry air outlet is connected with the air recovery inlet, and the air recovery outlet is connected with the silencer.

Preferably, the integrated valve set further comprises a humidity proportional valve for adjusting air humidity at an inlet of the fuel cell stack, one end of the humidity proportional valve may be connected to an outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the humidity proportional valve is connected to a second exhaust inlet of the exhaust three-way valve.

Preferably, a dew point sensor for monitoring air humidity is arranged at the outlet end of the dry side of the humidifier, and the dew point sensor is connected with the controller unit.

Preferably, the integrated valve block further comprises a back pressure valve for regulating air flow and pressure into the fuel cell stack, an inlet end of the back pressure valve is connected with the exhaust outlet, and an outlet end of the back pressure valve is connected with the muffler.

Preferably, the integrated valve block further comprises a bypass proportional valve for preventing surge of the air compressor, one end of the bypass proportional valve is connected with the second intake outlet of the intake three-way valve, and the other end of the bypass proportional valve is connected with the air supply inlet of the air compressor.

Preferably, a bypass flow meter is arranged at the outlet end of the bypass proportional valve, a main path flow meter is arranged at the air supply inlet end of the air compressor, and the main path flow meter and the bypass flow meter are respectively connected with the controller unit.

The utility model also provides a fuel cell system, this fuel cell system includes the integrated form fuel cell air supply system that aforementioned each embodiment recorded, integrated form fuel cell air supply system includes controller unit, air cleaner, air compressor, intercooler, integrated form valves, humidifier, water separator and muffler, integrated form valves and air compressor respectively with the controller unit connection; wherein: the air compressor comprises an air supply inlet, an air supply outlet, an air recovery inlet and an air recovery outlet, the air supply inlet is connected with the air filter, and the air supply outlet is connected with the intercooler; the humidifier comprises a dry side inlet, a dry side outlet, a wet side inlet and a wet side outlet, the dry side outlet can be connected with an inlet of the fuel cell stack, the wet side inlet can be connected with an outlet of the fuel cell stack, the integrated valve group comprises an air inlet three-way valve and an air outlet three-way valve, the air inlet three-way valve comprises an air inlet and a first air inlet outlet, the air inlet is connected with the intercooler, the air inlet outlet is connected with the dry side inlet, the air outlet three-way valve comprises a first air outlet and an air outlet, and the first air outlet is connected with the wet side outlet; the water separator comprises a wet air inlet, a separated water outlet and a dry air outlet, the wet air inlet is connected with the exhaust outlet, the dry air outlet is connected with the air recovery inlet, and the air recovery outlet is connected with the silencer.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses beneficial technological effect lies in:

the embodiment of the utility model provides an air supply system, it can carry out energy recuperation to fuel cell stack exhaust waste air to it is rotatory to utilize this energy auxiliary drive air compressor's motor, thereby realizes the energy recuperation to fuel cell air supply system. Specifically, the waste air discharged from the fuel cell stack contains a large amount of nitrogen, unreacted oxygen, water vapor and other gases, and the waste air also contains liquid water, so that the waste air passes through the three-way valve and then is separated from the liquid water contained in the waste air through the water separator, and then the waste air is introduced into the air recovery inlet of the air compressor so as to drive the motor of the air compressor to rotate by utilizing the energy contained in the waste air, and the air after the energy is exhausted is discharged through the air recovery outlet.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an integrated fuel cell air supply system of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a performance diagram of an air compressor of an integrated fuel cell air supply system according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

The embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated fuel cell air supply system, referring to fig. 1, the integrated fuel cell air supply system includes a controller unit 10, an air filter 20, an air compressor 30, an intercooler 40, an integrated valve set 50, a humidifier 60, a water separator 70 and a silencer 80, wherein the integrated valve set 50 and the air compressor 30 are respectively connected to the controller unit 10; wherein: the air compressor 30 includes an air supply inlet connected to the air filter 20, an air supply outlet connected to the intercooler 40, an air recovery inlet, and an air recovery outlet; the humidifier 60 includes a dry side inlet, a dry side outlet, a wet side inlet and a wet side outlet, the dry side outlet may be connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack 300, the wet side inlet may be connected to the outlet of the fuel cell stack 300, the integrated valve set 50 includes an intake three-way valve 51 and an exhaust three-way valve 52, the intake three-way valve 51 includes an intake inlet and a first intake outlet, the intake inlet is connected to the intercooler 40, the intake outlet is connected to the dry side inlet, the exhaust three-way valve 52 includes a first exhaust inlet and an exhaust outlet, and the first exhaust inlet is connected to the wet side outlet; the water separator 70 includes a wet air inlet connected to the exhaust outlet, a separated water outlet connected to the air recovery inlet, and a dry air outlet connected to the muffler 80.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a controller unit 10 is connected with air compressor 30 and integrated valves 50 electricity respectively to realize the automatically controlled to air compressor 30 and integrated valves 50 through controller unit 10, also the break-make of each valve in controller unit 10 can be according to actual conditions control air compressor 30's motor speed and the control integrated valves 50. The air compressor 30 has an air supply inlet and an air supply outlet, the air supply inlet is connected to the air filter 20 through a pipe, the air filter 20 is used for filtering the air supplied from the outside, and the dust is collected from the gas-solid two-phase flow through a porous filtering material to ensure the cleanliness of the air supplied to the fuel cell stack 300, so as to prevent the damage of the fuel cell stack 300 caused by the dust mixed in the air. The air supply outlet is connected to the intercooler 40 through a pipe, and since the temperature of the air compressed by the air compressor 30 is high, the temperature of the compressed air needs to be lowered by the intercooler 40, so that the temperature of the compressed air can be adapted to the fuel cell stack 300.

The intercooler 40 cools the compressed air, and the cooled compressed air flows through the intake three-way valve 51 and then flows through the humidifier 60 to humidify the air to be introduced into the fuel cell stack 300 through the humidifier 60, so that the air humidity requirement of the fuel cell stack 300 is met. The humidifier 60 has a dry-side inlet connected to the intake three-way valve 51 through a pipe, a dry-side outlet connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack 300 through a pipe, a wet-side inlet connected to the outlet of the fuel cell stack 300 through a pipe, and a wet-side outlet connected to the exhaust three-way valve 52 through a pipe. The fuel cell stack 300 generates water vapor during the reaction process, and the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 300 also contains water vapor, so that the water vapor can be used to perform humidity exchange on the air entering from the dry-side inlet, so that the humidity of the air to be entered into the fuel cell stack 300 can meet the requirement. After the humidity exchange is performed, the exhaust air discharged from the fuel cell stack 300 is discharged to the water separator 70 through the exhaust three-way valve 52 to separate liquid water contained in the exhaust air by the water separator 70, and the separated liquid water is discharged to the outside through the separated water outlet of the humidifier 60, thereby obtaining relatively dry exhaust air, which is discharged through the dry air outlet of the humidifier 60. The dry air outlet of the humidifier 60 is connected to the air recovery inlet of the air compressor 30 through a pipe, and the air discharged from the dry air outlet flows into the air compressor 30 through the air recovery inlet, so that the dry air drives the motor of the air compressor 30 to rotate, thereby recovering the energy of the waste air.

The embodiment of the present invention provides an air inlet three-way valve 51 and an exhaust three-way valve 52 have an air inlet cutoff function and an exhaust cutoff function respectively, the air inlet cutoff function means an air supply pipeline through the air inlet three-way valve 51 to disconnect the fuel cell stack 300, the exhaust cutoff function means an air discharge pipeline through the exhaust three-way valve 52 to disconnect the fuel cell stack 300, that is, the air supply pipeline and the air discharge pipeline through the air inlet three-way valve 51 and the exhaust three-way valve 52 to disconnect the fuel cell stack 300 simultaneously, so that part of air is enclosed inside the fuel cell stack 300. Because a part of air is sealed inside the fuel cell stack 300, the residual hydrogen inside the fuel cell stack 300 can be consumed by the part of air, and after the air side reaction, the residual nitrogen will permeate into the hydrogen side, so as to protect the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell stack 300 by increasing the content of nitrogen, and reduce the oxidation rate of the cathode of the fuel cell stack 300 by air after shutdown (nitrogen is inert gas and will not react with the proton exchange membrane).

Example two

The embodiment of the utility model provides an integrated form valves 50 still includes the humidity proportional valve 53 that is used for adjusting fuel cell stack 300 entrance air humidity, and humidity proportional valve 53's one end can with fuel cell stack 300's exit linkage, humidity proportional valve 53's the other end and the second of exhaust three-way valve 52 exhaust the entry linkage. When the fuel cell system is operated at a high load, the reaction rate of the fuel and the oxidant is increased, resulting in an increase in the generation rate of water as a byproduct, at which the output rate of water generated from the cathode should be increased, and it is necessary to secure the air demand and the humidity of the air at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 300. To meet the above requirement, the embodiment of the present invention bypasses part of the humid air at the outlet of the fuel cell stack 300 through the humidity proportional valve 53 to adjust the inlet air humidity when the fuel cell system is operated at high load. Specifically, a part of the exhaust air discharged from the outlet of the fuel cell stack 300 flows into the first exhaust inlet of the exhaust three-way valve 52 through the humidifier 60, and the other part flows into the second exhaust inlet of the exhaust three-way valve 52 through the humidity proportional valve 53, and the flow rate of the exhaust air flowing into the humidifier 60 is adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the humidity proportional valve 53. That is, the exhaust air discharged from the fuel cell stack 300 passes through two paths, namely, the path where the humidifier 60 is located and the path where the humidity proportional valve 53 is located, and if the opening degree of the humidity proportional valve 53 is increased, the flow rate of the exhaust air flowing through the path where the humidity proportional valve 53 is located is increased, and the corresponding flow rate of the exhaust air flowing into the humidifier 60 is decreased. It will be appreciated that if the flow of exhaust air into the humidifier 60 is reduced, it will reach a lower humidity level when exchanging humidity with the air flowing from the dry side inlet of the humidifier 60, whereas the humidity level will be higher. The humidity proportional valve 53 of the present embodiment can adjust the humidity of the air at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 300 to prevent the air entering the fuel cell stack 300 from being over-humidified to cause flooding.

EXAMPLE III

The embodiment of the utility model provides a humidifier 60's dry side exit end is equipped with dew point sensor 90 that is used for monitoring air humidity, and dew point sensor 90 is connected with controller unit 10. In this embodiment, the dew point sensor 90 may monitor the humidity of the air to enter the fuel cell stack 300 in real time, the dew point data monitored by the dew point sensor 90 may be collected by the controller unit 10, and the controller unit 10 then determines whether the humidity of the air reaches the upper threshold of the humidity of the air entering the stack. If the set threshold value is exceeded, the opening degree of the humidity proportional valve 53 is adjusted to reduce the amount of the waste air entering the humidifier 60, and the amount of moisture exchange between the stack inlet air and the humid air is reduced, thereby controlling the stack inlet air humidity.

Example four

The embodiment of the utility model provides an integrated form valves 50 still includes the backpressure valve 54 that is used for adjusting the air mass flow and the pressure that get into fuel cell stack 300, and the one end and the exhaust outlet of backpressure valve 54 are connected, and the other end and the muffler 80 of backpressure valve 54 are connected. In this embodiment, the air pressure entering the fuel cell stack 300 may be regulated by the backpressure valve 54 to achieve full condition control to meet power requirements. Specifically, when the fuel cell system is operated at a high load, the air flow rate is very large, and if the back pressure valve 54 is closed, although the energy recovery efficiency is high, this may cause an excessively high pressure at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 300. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a back pressure valve 54 is provided at the exhaust outlet end of the exhaust three-way valve 52 to perform pressure relief through the back pressure valve 54, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the air pressure at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 300.

EXAMPLE five

The embodiment of the utility model provides an integrated form valves 50 is still including the bypass proportional valve 55 that is used for preventing the surge of air compressor 30, and the one end of bypass proportional valve 55 and the second of three-way valve 51 of admitting air exit linkage, bypass proportional valve 55's the other end and air compressor 30's air feed access connection. When the fuel cell system is operating at low load, the air compressor 30 will operate at a lower flow rate, higher pressure ratio (air supply outlet/air supply inlet) condition which may result in the air compressor operating near the surge line, for which reason the pressure at the air supply inlet needs to be increased. The surge of the air compressor is as follows: at a constant speed of the air compressor 30, when the flow rate of the air compressor 30 is reduced to a certain value due to the increase of the pressure ratio, the outlet pressure and the speed of the air compressor 30 will fluctuate dramatically. To achieve the pressure at the air supply inlet required for operation of the fuel cell system, the speed of the air compressor 30 is increased, and the air flow rate is increased beyond the operating requirement of the fuel cell stack 300 while increasing the speed of the air compressor 30. For this reason, the present embodiment is provided with a bypass proportional valve 55 at the second intake outlet end of the intake three-way valve 51 to circulate excess air to the air supply inlet of the air compressor 30 by adjusting the opening degree of the bypass proportional valve 55, thereby achieving secondary recovery of air energy while preventing surging from occurring.

EXAMPLE six

The embodiment of the utility model provides a bypass proportional valve 55's exit end is equipped with bypass flowmeter 100, and air compressor 30's air supply entrance point is equipped with main road flowmeter 200, and main road flowmeter 200 is connected with controller unit 10 respectively with bypass flowmeter 100. In the present embodiment, the flow rate of the air supplied from the outside can be monitored in real time by the main flow meter 200, and the flow rate of the air recovered by the bypass proportional valve can be monitored in real time by the bypass flow meter 100, and the controller unit 10 can calculate the flow rate of the air and the air pressure entering the fuel cell stack 300 based on the monitoring data of the bypass flow meter 100 and the main flow meter 200. Referring to fig. 2, in order to detect whether the pressure ratio corresponding to the output flow rate of the air compressor 30 is near the surge line, the present embodiment calculates the air ratio value at the air supply inlet and the air supply outlet of the air compressor 30 through the controller unit 10, and compares the total air amount collected in real time with the operating condition required air flow rate of the fuel cell stack 300, and determines whether the operating value of the operating condition of the air compressor 30 at this time is near the surge line of the air compressor performance map. If the air compressor is operating in the controlled flow region, the bypass proportional valve 55 may be closed; if the air compressor is operated outside the controllable flow rate region, the rotation speed of the air compressor 30 needs to be increased to operate within the controllable flow rate region, and the opening degree of the bypass proportional valve 55 is adjusted to bypass the excess air and recycle the excess air into the air compressor 30.

The utility model discloses a fuel cell system that further provides includes integrated form fuel cell air supply system, and this integrated form fuel cell air supply system's concrete structure refers to above-mentioned embodiment, because this fuel cell system has adopted all technical scheme of above-mentioned all embodiments, consequently has all technical effects that the technical scheme of above-mentioned embodiment brought at least, no longer gives unnecessary details here.

The above is only the part or the preferred embodiment of the present invention, no matter the characters or the drawings can not limit the protection scope of the present invention, all under the whole concept of the present invention, the equivalent structure transformation performed by the contents of the specification and the drawings is utilized, or the direct/indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated fuel cell air supply system is characterized by comprising a controller unit, an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, an integrated valve group, a humidifier, a water separator and a silencer, wherein the integrated valve group and the air compressor are respectively connected with the controller unit; wherein:

the air compressor comprises an air supply inlet, an air supply outlet, an air recovery inlet and an air recovery outlet, the air supply inlet is connected with the air filter, and the air supply outlet is connected with the intercooler;

the humidifier comprises a dry side inlet, a dry side outlet, a wet side inlet and a wet side outlet, the dry side outlet can be connected with an inlet of the fuel cell stack, the wet side inlet can be connected with an outlet of the fuel cell stack, the integrated valve group comprises an air inlet three-way valve and an air outlet three-way valve, the air inlet three-way valve comprises an air inlet and a first air inlet outlet, the air inlet is connected with the intercooler, the air inlet outlet is connected with the dry side inlet, the air outlet three-way valve comprises a first air outlet and an air outlet, and the first air outlet is connected with the wet side outlet;

the water separator comprises a wet air inlet, a separated water outlet and a dry air outlet, the wet air inlet is connected with the exhaust outlet, the dry air outlet is connected with the air recovery inlet, and the air recovery outlet is connected with the silencer.

2. The integrated fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, further comprising a humidity proportional valve for adjusting air humidity at an inlet of the fuel cell stack, one end of the humidity proportional valve being connectable to an outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the humidity proportional valve being connected to a second exhaust inlet of the exhaust three-way valve.

3. The integrated fuel cell air supply system of claim 2, wherein the dry side outlet end of the humidifier is provided with a dew point sensor for monitoring air humidity, the dew point sensor being connected to the controller unit.

4. The integrated fuel cell air supply system of claim 1 further comprising a back pressure valve for regulating air flow and pressure into the fuel cell stack, an inlet end of the back pressure valve being connected to the exhaust outlet, an outlet end of the back pressure valve being connected to the muffler.

5. The integrated fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, further comprising a bypass proportional valve for preventing surge of the air compressor, one end of the bypass proportional valve being connected to the second intake outlet of the intake three-way valve, and the other end of the bypass proportional valve being connected to the air supply inlet of the air compressor.

6. The integrated fuel cell air supply system according to claim 5, wherein an outlet end of the bypass proportional valve is provided with a bypass flow meter, an air supply inlet end of the air compressor is provided with a main flow meter, and the main flow meter and the bypass flow meter are respectively connected to the controller unit.

7. A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack and an integrated fuel cell air supply system according to any of claims 1 to 6 for supplying air to the fuel cell stack.