CN111354958B - Anode protection system of fuel cell and control method - Google Patents
Anode protection system of fuel cell and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111354958B CN111354958B CN202010152850.9A CN202010152850A CN111354958B CN 111354958 B CN111354958 B CN 111354958B CN 202010152850 A CN202010152850 A CN 202010152850A CN 111354958 B CN111354958 B CN 111354958B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides an anode protection system and a control method of a fuel cell, belonging to the field of fuel cells. The anodic protection system includes: the hydrogen circulating device comprises a hydrogen supply device, an electric pressure regulating device, a galvanic pile and a circulating device, wherein the hydrogen supply device, the electric pressure regulating device and the galvanic pile are sequentially connected in series, and the circulating device is used for realizing the circulating circulation of hydrogen in the galvanic pile. Wherein, the anodic protection system further comprises: the first pressure sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen supply device and the electric pile; one end of the protection branch is led out from a pipeline between the hydrogen supply device and the galvanic pile and is positioned at the downstream of the first pressure sensor, and the other end of the protection branch is communicated with the outside; the protection branch comprises a first branch formed by serially connecting a normally open solenoid valve and a first check valve, and the normally open solenoid valve is configured to be communicated with the first branch when the power is cut off or the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than a first set value so as to release the pressure before the hydrogen flows into the stack. The anode protection system and the control method can effectively protect the galvanic pile and improve the safety factor of pressure release.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to an anode protection system of a fuel cell and a control method.
Background
With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, the hydrogen fuel cell system for vehicles is gradually developed in the directions of high safety, high efficiency and high reliability, and the hydrogen fuel cell system mainly comprises a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system, a thermal management system and a control system, wherein the anode pressure control in the hydrogen supply system is a key factor influencing the performance and the service life of the fuel cell system. Because the membrane electrode is relatively fragile and cannot bear large pressure difference, the pressure of the anode needs to be adjusted in real time to protect the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode, and meanwhile, the service life of the fuel cell can be prolonged due to the stable pressure difference.
At present, the anode and cathode pressure of a fuel cell can be gradually increased along with the increase of system power, and meanwhile, the pressure difference between the cathode and the anode needs to be controlled and cannot exceed the pressure difference required by a membrane electrode.
The pressure and the flow of the outlet of the common rail system are controlled by utilizing a plurality of high-frequency electromagnetic valves in the prior art, the stable operation of the system can be ensured only when the electromagnetic valves work reliably at the same time, the reliability is low, and the noise of the high-frequency electromagnetic valves is large, so that the comfort is influenced.
The pressure sensor is used to detect the anode pressure in the prior art, and when the anode pressure is detected to be too high, the cell valve is opened, but at the moment, the pressure is too high, high pressure is built up, and the MEA (membrane electrode, fuel cell cathode and anode are isolated by the MEA, and are easy to break) can be damaged. In the method for detecting the anode pressure by using the sensor, the electromagnetic valve is opened when the pressure is too high, and the pressure is released. The method has the problems that the electromagnetic valve is positioned at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, pressure passes through the stack, the electromagnetic valve is opened, hysteresis exists, the inlet and the outlet have pressure difference, and the safety coefficient of pressure relief is not high by opening the electromagnetic valve.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the first aspect of the present invention is to provide an anode protection system for a fuel cell, which can effectively protect a stack and improve the safety factor of pressure release.
It is a further object of the present invention to protect the stack in the event of an abnormal power outage in the system.
It is an object of a second aspect of the present invention to provide a fuel cell anode protection method capable of effectively protecting a stack and improving a pressure relief safety factor.
In particular, the present invention provides an anode protection system of a fuel cell, comprising:
the hydrogen circulating system comprises a hydrogen supply device, an electric pressure regulating device, a galvanic pile and a circulating device, wherein the hydrogen supply device, the electric pressure regulating device and the galvanic pile are sequentially connected in series; wherein the anodic protection system further comprises:
a first pressure sensor provided on a pipe between the hydrogen supply device and the stack; and
one end of the protection branch is led out from a pipeline between the hydrogen supply device and the galvanic pile and is positioned at the downstream of the first pressure sensor, and the other end of the protection branch is communicated with the outside; the protection branch comprises a first branch formed by connecting a normally open solenoid valve and a first one-way valve in series, and the normally open solenoid valve is configured to be communicated with the first branch when the power is off or the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than a first set value so as to release the pressure before the hydrogen flows into the galvanic pile.
Optionally, the protection branch further includes:
and the second branch is connected with the first branch in parallel and is provided with a pressure relief valve, and the pressure relief valve is configured to be opened when the pressure at the inlet end of the pressure relief valve exceeds a second set value.
Optionally, the anode protection system of the fuel cell further comprises:
and the silencer is arranged at the tail end of a pipeline where the first branch and the second branch are converged and is used for separating liquid water and mixing redundant hydrogen discharged by the anode.
Optionally, the circulation device comprises a water-vapor separator and a hydrogen circulation pump which are connected in series, wherein one end of the water-vapor separator, which is far away from the hydrogen circulation pump, is communicated with the inlet end of the galvanic pile, and one end of the hydrogen circulation pump, which is far away from the water-vapor separator, is communicated with the outlet end of the galvanic pile;
and a second one-way valve is arranged between the water-vapor separator and the hydrogen circulating pump and is used for controlling the airflow to only flow from the water-vapor separator to the hydrogen circulating pump.
Optionally, the circulating device comprises a water-vapor separator and an ejector which are connected in series, wherein a jet orifice of the ejector is connected with an outlet end of the electric pressure regulating device, an expansion orifice of the ejector is connected with an inlet end of the galvanic pile, a contraction orifice of the ejector is connected with an outlet end of the water-vapor separator, and an inlet end of the water-vapor separator is connected with an outlet end of the galvanic pile;
and a third one-way valve is arranged between the water-steam separator and the ejector and is used for controlling the airflow to only flow from the water-steam separator to the ejector.
Optionally, the anode protection system of the fuel cell further comprises:
and the purification branch is connected with a water outlet of the water-vapor separator and comprises the silencer and a first electromagnetic valve which are connected in series, and the first electromagnetic valve is arranged between the water-vapor separator and the silencer and is used for controlling the on-off of the purification branch.
Optionally, the hydrogen supply device comprises a hydrogen cylinder and a pressure reduction system in series.
Optionally, a second electromagnetic valve and a second pressure sensor are arranged between the hydrogen supply device and the electric pressure regulating device.
In particular, the present invention also provides an anode protection method for a fuel cell, which is used in the anode protection system described in any one of the above, the anode protection method comprising:
collecting pressure in a pipeline through the first pressure sensor;
when the power is cut off or the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than a first set value, the first branch is communicated so as to release the pressure before the hydrogen flows into the galvanic pile.
Optionally, after the pressure in the pipeline is collected by the first pressure sensor, the method further includes:
and controlling the output pressure of the electric pressure regulating device according to the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor and the set target pressure.
According to the anode protection system, the protection branch is arranged at the upstream of the galvanic pile, and the first pressure sensor is arranged at the upstream of the protection branch, so that when the first pressure sensor detects that the pressure is too high, and the pressure is supposed to reach a pressure threshold which can damage the galvanic pile, the normally open electromagnetic valve is closed to enable the first branch to be communicated, pressure relief is realized before hydrogen flows into the galvanic pile, the pressure of the anode of the galvanic pile is prevented from being too high, the galvanic pile is effectively protected, the hysteresis of pressure relief is eliminated, and the safety coefficient of electromagnetic valve pressure relief is improved.
Further, because the solenoid valve has adopted normally open solenoid valve on the first branch for the pressure release, consequently when the system outage, normally open solenoid valve is in the open mode and makes first branch intercommunication to can release remaining unreacted hydrogen through first branch when the system shuts down the outage unusually, can not get into fuel cell's positive pole through utilizing first check valve protection outside air, and then protect the pile.
Furthermore, the scheme of the invention adopts a normally open electromagnetic valve to achieve the function of protecting the anode of the fuel cell, and does not need the cooperative control of a plurality of electromagnetic valves like the prior art, so that the system connection is simple, the noise is low, and the control logic is simpler.
Further, the protection branch circuit also comprises a second branch circuit which is connected with the first branch circuit in parallel and is provided with a pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is configured to be opened when the pressure at the inlet end of the pressure relief valve exceeds a second set value, and the pressure at the inlet end of the galvanic pile is ensured not to exceed the maximum allowable value, namely the second preset value, through the pressure relief valve connected with the first branch circuit in parallel, so that the galvanic pile is protected when the system is in a working state.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an anode protection system for a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an anode protection system of a fuel cell according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a system schematic of a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an anode protection method of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an anode protection system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the anode protection system of a fuel cell in one embodiment of the present invention includes a hydrogen gas supply device 1, an electric pressure-regulating device 3, and a stack 6, and a circulation device 100, which are connected in series in this order. The circulation device 100 is used for realizing circulation of hydrogen in the electric pile. Wherein the anode protection system further comprises a first pressure sensor 402 and a protection branch 5. The first pressure sensor 402 is provided on a pipe between the hydrogen supply device 1 and the stack 6. One end of the protection branch 5 is led out from a pipe between the hydrogen supply device 1 and the stack 6 and is located downstream of the first pressure sensor 402, and the other end of the protection branch 5 is communicated with the outside. The protection branch 5 includes a first branch formed by connecting a normally open solenoid valve 501 and a first check valve 502 in series, and the normally open solenoid valve 501 is configured to communicate with the first branch when the power is cut off or the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor 402 is greater than a first set value, so as to relieve the pressure before the hydrogen gas flows into the stack 6.
The anode protection system of this embodiment has set up protection branch 5 in the upper reaches of pile 6, first pressure sensor 402 has been set up in protection branch 5's upper reaches, consequently when first pressure sensor 402 detects the pressure too high, when supposing that this pressure reaches the pressure threshold that probably damages pile 6, normally open solenoid valve 501 is closed to make first branch intercommunication, make the hydrogen that the pressure that flows out from electric pressure regulating device 3 is too high flow to external atmosphere from first branch, realized promptly and released pressure before hydrogen flows into pile 6, thereby prevent that the pressure of pile 6's positive pole is too high, effectively protect pile 6, the hysteresis quality of pressure release has been eliminated, the factor of safety of solenoid valve pressure release is improved.
Further, because the solenoid valve has adopted normally open solenoid valve 501 on the first branch for the pressure release, consequently when the system outage, normally open solenoid valve 501 is in the open mode and makes first branch intercommunication to can let out the hydrogen that the surplus has not reacted through first branch road when the system shuts down the outage unusually, can not get into fuel cell's positive pole through utilizing first check valve 502 to protect the outside air, and then protect galvanic pile 6.
Further, the scheme of this embodiment adopts a normally open solenoid valve 501 to achieve the above-mentioned function of protecting the anode of the fuel cell, and does not need the cooperative control of a plurality of solenoid valves as in the prior art, so the system connection is simple, the noise is low, and the control logic is also simpler.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the protection branch 5 further comprises a second branch connected in parallel with the first branch and provided with a pressure relief valve 503, the pressure relief valve 503 being configured to open when the pressure at its inlet end exceeds a second set value.
The present embodiment ensures that the pressure at the inlet end of the stack 6 does not exceed the maximum allowable value, i.e. the second preset value, by connecting the pressure relief valve 503 in parallel to the first branch, so as to protect the stack 6 when the system is in an operating state.
It should be noted that the pressure value at which the normally open solenoid valve 501 opens (i.e., the first set value) may be set to be different from the pressure value at which the pressure relief valve 503 opens (i.e., the second preset value), and generally, the first set value is set to be lower than the second preset value, so that the normally open solenoid valve 501 is allowed to ensure the normal working pressure in the pipeline as much as possible.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the anode protection system further comprises a silencer 20 disposed at the end of the line where the first branch and the second branch converge, for separating liquid water and mixing with the excess hydrogen discharged from the anode.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, the circulation device 100 includes a water-vapor separator 7 and a hydrogen circulation pump 8 connected in series. One end of the water-vapor separator 7, which is far away from the hydrogen circulating pump 8, is communicated with the inlet end of the galvanic pile 6, and one end of the hydrogen circulating pump 8, which is far away from the water-vapor separator 7, is communicated with the outlet end of the galvanic pile 6.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen circulating pump 8 is used to re-deliver the hydrogen separated from the liquid water in the water-vapor separator 7 to the inlet end of the stack 6 to compensate for the anode pressure drop loss caused by the stack 6, wet and dry the hydrogen, and increase the flow rate of the hydrogen in the stack 6. The hydrogen circulation pump 8 can realize the adjustment of the hydrogen circulation flow ratio under different powers.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, a second one-way valve (not shown) is disposed between the water-vapor separator 7 and the hydrogen circulation pump 8 for controlling the gas flow to flow only from the water-vapor separator 7 to the hydrogen circulation pump 8, so as to prevent the gas flow from flowing back and ensure the normal operation of the system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an anode protection system of a fuel cell according to another embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the circulation device 100 includes a water-vapor separator 7 and an ejector 10 connected in series, wherein the jet orifice a of the ejector 10 is connected to the outlet end of the electric pressure regulating device 3, the expanded orifice b of the ejector 10 is connected to the inlet end of the cell stack 6, the contracted orifice p of the ejector 10 is connected to the outlet end of the water-vapor separator 7, and the inlet end of the water-vapor separator 7 is connected to the outlet end of the cell stack 6.
In the embodiment, the ejector 10 is used for conveying the hydrogen separated from the liquid water in the water-vapor separator 7 to the inlet end of the electric pile 6 again, and the mode has the advantages of no need of electric drive and reduced energy consumption.
In other embodiments, the size of the throat of the ejector 10 can be changed to meet the requirement of the stack 6 for different hydrogen circulation amounts under different powers.
Optionally, a third one-way valve (not shown) is provided between the water-vapor separator 7 and the ejector 10 for controlling the air flow to flow only from the water-vapor separator 7 to the ejector 10, so as to prevent the air flow from flowing back and ensure the normal operation of the system.
In one embodiment, the anode protection system of the fuel cell further comprises a purge branch connected to the water discharge of the water-vapor separator 7. The purification branch comprises a silencer 20 and a first electromagnetic valve 9 which are connected in series, and the first electromagnetic valve 9 is arranged between the water-vapor separator 7 and the silencer 20 and used for controlling the on-off of the purification branch.
Because the gas at the outlet end of the electric pile 6 contains liquid water, water vapor, hydrogen, nitrogen and the like, the liquid water is separated by the water-vapor separator 7, and the liquid water and a small amount of gas are discharged at regular time by the first electromagnetic valve 9, so that the pipeline blockage caused by excessive aggregation is prevented. Because the nitrogen concentration of the inside cathode side of the galvanic pile 6 is higher than the nitrogen concentration measured by the anode, nitrogen can slowly permeate MEA from the cathode to reach the anode, so that the hydrogen concentration can be lower and lower, the output power of the fuel cell is reduced, the efficiency is reduced, therefore, the normally open electromagnetic valve 501 can be utilized to open and discharge hydrogen regularly, the anode pressure is required to be ensured not to be reduced too much when the normally open electromagnetic valve is opened, and the hydrogen in the anode pipeline of the fuel cell system can be replaced.
As shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen supply device 1 includes a hydrogen cylinder 101 and a depressurization system 102 connected in series. The hydrogen gas stored in the hydrogen cylinder 101 is depressurized by the depressurization system 102 and then flows out.
Alternatively, a second electromagnetic valve 2 and a second pressure sensor 401 are provided between the hydrogen gas supply device 1 and the electric pressure-adjusting device 3. The second solenoid valve 2 is used for controlling the supply switch of the hydrogen, and the second pressure sensor 401 is responsible for monitoring the pressure of the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen supply device 1, and if the pressure is too high, the second solenoid valve 2 cannot be opened.
Fig. 3 is a system schematic of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the whole fuel cell system includes a cathode system and a cooling system, the cathode system provides oxygen to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 6, and the cooling system takes the heat generated by the reaction of the fuel cell stack 6 away from the system and performs heat exchange and heat dissipation through an external air-cooled radiator. In fig. 3, 403 is a third pressure sensor, 404 is a temperature sensor, 11 is an air filter, 111 is an air first valve, 112 is an air second valve, 12 is an air flow meter, 13 is an air supercharger, 14 is an intercooler, 15 is a humidifier, 16 is a water pump, 17 is a thermostat, 18 is a heater, 19 is a radiator, and 20 is a third muffler.
Specifically, the cathode: the air is left through an air filter 11, dust, CO and other gases in the air which have destructive effects on a catalyst of a fuel cell stack 6 are filtered and adsorbed, the air flow and the air temperature are detected through an air flow meter 12, normal pressure air is pressurized to the required pressure of the fuel cell stack 6 through an air supercharger 13, hot air is cooled through an intercooler 14, a third pressure sensor 403 detects the outlet pressure of the intercooler 14, a first air valve 111 is opened, originally dry air is humidified through a humidifier 15 and is conveyed to the stack 6, the stack 6 consumes oxygen in the air in reaction, redundant nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and the like are removed, the air is discharged into a third silencer 20 through a second air valve 112, and the third silencer 20 can separate liquid water and simultaneously mix redundant hydrogen discharged from an anode to reduce the hydrogen concentration.
And (3) cooling: the cooling liquid is pressurized by a water pump 16, meanwhile, the flow of the cooling liquid required by a fuel cell stack 6 is provided, the cooling liquid is distributed by a thermostat 17, when the temperature is low, the cooling liquid is left to pass through a heater 18 through a small circulation outlet and is divided into two paths, one path of the cooling liquid flows through the heater 18 to heat the cooling liquid, the temperature is rapidly heated, meanwhile, a temperature sensor 404 is used for collecting temperature signals, the temperature signals return to the front end of the water pump 16 through the stack 6, the other path of the cooling liquid flows through a cathode intercooler to carry out heat exchange, the temperature of cathode air is reduced, and the cooling liquid returns to the front end of the water pump 16 again; when the temperature reaches a certain temperature, the thermostat 17 is slowly opened until the small circulation is finally closed, the large circulation is completely opened, the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced to the required temperature through the radiator 19, and closed-loop control is performed through the temperature sensor 17 and the rotating speed of the fan of the radiator.
Of course, corresponding sensors can be arranged at pipelines at different positions of the system according to requirements, so that the requirements of pressure balance and temperature balance are met.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of an anode protection method of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. The invention also provides an anode protection method of the fuel cell, which is used for the anode protection system of any one of the above. In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the anodic protection method includes the steps of:
s10: collecting pressure in the pipeline by a first pressure sensor 402;
s20: the first branch is communicated when the power is cut off or the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor 402 is greater than the first set value, so that the pressure is released before the hydrogen gas flows into the stack 6.
According to the anode protection method, when the first pressure sensor 402 detects that the pressure is too high, and the pressure reaches the voltage threshold which may damage the galvanic pile 6, the first branch is communicated, so that the pressure is released before the hydrogen flows into the galvanic pile 6, the pressure of the anode of the galvanic pile 6 is prevented from being too high, the galvanic pile 6 is effectively protected, the hysteresis of the pressure release is eliminated, and the safety coefficient of the pressure release of the electromagnetic valve is improved. And residual unreacted hydrogen can be discharged through the first branch when the system is abnormally shut down and power is off, and the first check valve 502 is utilized to protect outside air from entering the anode of the fuel cell, so that the electric pile 6 is protected.
In another embodiment, after S10, the method further includes:
s30: the output pressure of the electric pressure-adjusting device 3 is controlled based on the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor 402 and the set target pressure.
Specifically, the anode pressure regulation of the present invention has two modes: the electric pressure regulator 3 is adjusted by using the pressure value signal fed back by the first pressure sensor 402 so that the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor 402 approaches the target pressure P (P is the stack demand pressure). Or firstly, according to the requirements of the stack 6, a target pressure P1 is set, a pressure value P2 of the first pressure sensor 402 is detected, whether the pressure value is consistent with the target pressure P1 or not is detected, the electric pressure regulating device 3 is regulated in a PID mode by utilizing a feedback signal P2 of the first pressure sensor 402, so that the pressure P2 of the first pressure sensor 402 is equal to P1, at the moment, because the pressure difference between an inlet a and an outlet b of the ejector 10 is large, vacuum is formed at the position P, and the hydrogen at the outlet of the stack 6 is sucked to the position P to form hydrogen circulation.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (9)
1. An anode protection system for a fuel cell, comprising:
the hydrogen circulating device comprises a hydrogen supply device, an electric pressure regulating device, a galvanic pile and a circulating device, wherein the hydrogen supply device, the electric pressure regulating device and the galvanic pile are sequentially connected in series; wherein the anodic protection system further comprises:
a first pressure sensor provided on a pipe between the hydrogen supply device and the stack; and
one end of the protection branch is led out from a pipeline between the hydrogen supply device and the galvanic pile and is positioned at the downstream of the first pressure sensor, and the other end of the protection branch is communicated with the outside; the protection branch comprises a first branch formed by connecting a normally open solenoid valve and a first one-way valve in series, and the normally open solenoid valve is configured to be communicated with the first branch when the power is off or the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than a first set value so as to release the pressure before the hydrogen flows into the galvanic pile;
the protection branch further comprises:
and the second branch is connected with the first branch in parallel and is provided with a pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is configured to be opened when the pressure at the inlet end of the pressure relief valve exceeds a second set value, and the first set value is smaller than the second set value.
2. The anode protection system of a fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the silencer is arranged at the tail end of a pipeline where the first branch and the second branch are converged and is used for separating liquid water and mixing redundant hydrogen discharged by the anode.
3. The anode protection system of a fuel cell according to claim 2,
the circulating device comprises a water-vapor separator and a hydrogen circulating pump which are connected in series, wherein one end of the water-vapor separator, which is far away from the hydrogen circulating pump, is communicated with the outlet end of the galvanic pile, and one end of the hydrogen circulating pump, which is far away from the water-vapor separator, is communicated with the inlet end of the galvanic pile;
and a second one-way valve is arranged between the water-vapor separator and the hydrogen circulating pump and is used for controlling the airflow to only flow from the water-vapor separator to the hydrogen circulating pump.
4. The anode protection system of a fuel cell according to claim 2,
the circulating device comprises a water-vapor separator and an ejector which are connected in series, wherein a jet orifice of the ejector is connected with the outlet end of the electric pressure regulating device, an expansion port of the ejector is connected with the inlet end of the galvanic pile, a contraction port of the ejector is connected with the outlet end of the water-vapor separator, and the inlet end of the water-vapor separator is connected with the outlet end of the galvanic pile;
and a third one-way valve is arranged between the water-steam separator and the ejector and is used for controlling the airflow to only flow from the water-steam separator to the ejector.
5. The anode protection system of a fuel cell according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by further comprising:
and the purification branch is connected with a water outlet of the water-vapor separator and comprises the silencer and a first electromagnetic valve which are connected in series, and the first electromagnetic valve is arranged between the water-vapor separator and the silencer and is used for controlling the on-off of the purification branch.
6. The anode protection system of a fuel cell according to claim 1,
the hydrogen supply device comprises a hydrogen cylinder and a pressure reduction system which are connected in series.
7. The anode protection system of a fuel cell according to claim 1,
and a second electromagnetic valve and a second pressure sensor are arranged between the hydrogen supply device and the electric pressure regulating device.
8. An anode protection method of a fuel cell for the anode protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising:
collecting pressure in a pipeline through the first pressure sensor;
when the power is cut off or the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor is greater than a first set value, the first branch is communicated so as to release the pressure before the hydrogen flows into the galvanic pile.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein after collecting the pressure in the pipe by the first pressure sensor, further comprising:
and controlling the output pressure of the electric pressure regulating device according to the pressure measured by the first pressure sensor and the set target pressure.
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| CN111725544B (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2023-06-09 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | Method for quickly activating membrane electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell at low cost |
| CN111987334A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Controllable air humidifying device of hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN114695917A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-01 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell hydrogen gas supply system and fuel cell hydrogen gas supply method |
| CN112909294B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-09-13 | 中通客车股份有限公司 | Low-temperature cold starting device and starting method for hydrogen fuel cell engine |
| CN114023996B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-10-20 | 三一汽车制造有限公司 | Fuel cell system, control method and control device thereof, vehicle and medium |
| CN116706160B (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-12-08 | 山东美燃氢动力有限公司 | Controllable fuel pressure control system of fuel cell |
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