CN218447988U

CN218447988U - Air intake system for fuel cell

Info

Publication number: CN218447988U
Application number: CN202222816937.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张彦雷; 赵小军; 单风祥; 安兆阳; 王彦波; 丁玉川
Original assignee: Shandong Guochuang Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Center Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Guochuang Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Center Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-10-25
Filing date: 2022-10-25
Publication date: 2023-02-03
Anticipated expiration: 2032-10-25

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fuel cell's air intake system relates to fuel cell technical field. The fuel cell comprises at least two electric piles, the air inlet system of the fuel cell comprises a main path, at least two air inlet branch paths, a confluence path and at least two pile inlet branch paths, an air filter, a mass flow meter and an air compressor are arranged on the main path, the air filter is used for filtering gas, and the mass flow meter and the air compressor are used for controlling the air inlet amount of the gas. At least two air inlet branch circuits are connected with the main circuit and are arranged in parallel; all be provided with intercooler and humidifier on two at least air inlet branch roads, the intercooler is used for the temperature of control gas, and the humidifier is used for controlling gaseous humidity. The at least two air inlet branch circuits are connected with the inlet of the confluence circuit, the outlet of the confluence circuit is respectively connected with the at least two pile inlet branch circuits, and the at least two pile inlet branch circuits are correspondingly connected with the air inlets of the at least two electric piles one by one; the diameter of each stacking branch is the same. The air intake system of the fuel cell is easier to control.

Description

Air intake system for fuel cell

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fuel cell technical field especially relates to a fuel cell's air intake system.

Background

Generally, a plurality of fuel electric stacks are combined according to a certain topological structure to form a multi-stack fuel cell system so as to meet the requirements of application scenes with higher power. However, in the parallel fuel cell system, if the operation performance of each fuel cell stack varies due to the physical properties (temperature, humidity, flow rate, etc.) of the inlet air, the life of the fuel cell stack will be inconsistent, and the variation in the power generation performance of the fuel cell stack will aggravate the system performance deterioration and shorten the system service life. Secondly, for a multi-stack parallel fuel cell system directly connected in parallel, the difference of working states can cause the output voltages of the galvanic piles to be different, the galvanic pile with high voltage can reversely charge the galvanic pile with low voltage, and serious carbon corrosion of inner membrane electrodes of the galvanic pile is caused, thereby causing safety accidents. Therefore, the continuous and stable supply of the reaction gas with consistent physical properties for each electric pile has important significance in the aspects of improving the consistency of the electric pile power generation performance, prolonging the service life of a fuel cell system, guaranteeing the use safety of the system and the like.

In the prior art, for example, CN202110861412.4 discloses a parallel air supply technology for a fuel cell system, although the air intake amount of each branch of a cell stack in the fuel cell system can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of an air compressor on each branch, so as to ensure the gas demand of the cell stack, the method has the following problems: in order to ensure the service life of the whole fuel cell system, the service lives of the fuel cell stacks and the like need to be ensured as much as possible. However, the intercooler, the humidifier and other components in each branch of the system are all finished parts, and when the finished parts have a difference that the parts are not replaced, the control system is required to respectively regulate and control the rotating speed of the air compressor, so that the complexity of the control system is increased.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing an air inlet system of a fuel cell, which can not only ensure the consistency of the physical properties of the gas at the inlets of each parallel electric pile, but also improve the service life and the safety of the fuel cell; and the control difficulty is reduced.

To achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:

an air intake system for a fuel cell, the fuel cell including at least two stacks, the air intake system for a fuel cell comprising:

the system comprises a main path, a gas-liquid separator, a mass flow meter and an air compressor, wherein the main path is provided with the air filter, the mass flow meter and the air compressor, the air filter is used for filtering gas, and the mass flow meter and the air compressor are used for controlling the air inflow of the gas;

at least two air inlet branches which are connected with the main path and are arranged in parallel; an intercooler and a humidifier are arranged on at least two of the air inlet branches, the intercooler is used for controlling the temperature of air, and the humidifier is used for controlling the humidity of the air;

the gas inlet branch circuit is connected with the inlet of the collecting flow path, the outlet of the collecting flow path is respectively connected with the at least two reactor inlet branch circuits, and the at least two reactor inlet branch circuits are correspondingly connected with the gas inlets of the at least two electric reactors one by one; the diameter of each stacking branch is the same.

As an alternative of the air inlet system of the fuel cell, a temperature, pressure and humidity sensor is arranged at the air inlet of each electric pile.

As an alternative of the air inlet system of the fuel cell, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the confluence circuit, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the air inlet of each electric pile.

As an alternative of the air intake system of the fuel cell, the air intake system of the fuel cell further comprises a tail exhaust passage, and the air outlets of at least two of the stacks are communicated with the tail exhaust passage.

As an alternative to the air intake system of the fuel cell, a back pressure valve is provided on the tail exhaust path for controlling the pressure of gas entering at least two of the stacks.

As an alternative of the air intake system of the fuel cell, the air intake system of the fuel cell further comprises at least two stack outlet branches, one end of each of the at least two stack outlet branches is connected with the air outlets of the at least two electric stacks in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the other end of each of the at least two stack outlet branches is communicated with the tail exhaust channel.

As an alternative of the air intake system of the fuel cell, each of the stack outlet branches is connected to the humidifier in the stack inlet branch of the corresponding electric stack to introduce the water generated by the electric stack reaction into the humidifier.

As an alternative of the air intake system of the fuel cell, a temperature and pressure sensor is arranged in each of at least two stack outlet branches, and the temperature and pressure sensor is arranged between the air outlet of the electric stack and the humidifier.

As an alternative to the air intake system of the fuel cell, each of the air intake branches communicates with the tail exhaust passage through a bypass branch, on which a bypass valve is provided.

As an alternative to the air intake system of the fuel cell, the mass flow meter is disposed between the air filter and the air compressor for detecting the flow rate of the gas entering the air compressor.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the utility model provides a fuel cell's air intake system, through set up air cleaner, mass flow meter and air compressor machine on the main road, air cleaner filters gas, mass flow meter and air compressor machine control gas get into the total air input of two at least galvanic piles, then with gas reposition of redundant personnel to two at least branch roads that admit air in, carry out the control of temperature and humidity to gas reposition of redundant personnel through two branch roads that admit air to satisfy the temperature and the humidity requirement of the gas that gets into the galvanic pile. In order to avoid the influence of different cooling capacities of intercoolers in different air inlet branches and different humidification capacities of humidifiers on the temperature and humidity of gas in each air inlet branch, the gas in the two air inlet branches is converged through a confluence passage, the gas is mixed and then enters at least two pile inlet branches respectively, the diameter of each pile inlet branch is the same, so that the temperature, the humidity and the pressure of the gas entering each pile through the pile inlet branches are the same, and the performance and the service life of each pile are kept consistent; meanwhile, the reverse charging of the high-voltage electric pile to the low-voltage electric pile is avoided, and the safety is high; and the air inlet system of the fuel cell can realize the same temperature, humidity and pressure of the gas entering each electric pile without complex control, and is easier to operate.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an air intake system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

101. a first stack; 102. a second stack;

1. a main road; 11. an air filter; 12. a mass flow meter; 13. an air compressor;

21. a first air intake branch; 211. a first intercooler; 212. a first humidifier;

22. a second air intake branch; 221. a second intercooler; 222. a second humidifier;

3. a junction path;

41. a first stacking branch; 411. a first temperature-pressure-humidity sensor;

42. a second stack inlet branch; 421. a second temperature-pressure-humidity sensor;

51. a first discharge branch; 511. a first temperature and pressure sensor;

52. a second discharge branch; 521. a second temperature and pressure sensor;

6. arranging a tail path; 61. a back pressure valve;

71. a first bypass branch; 711. a first bypass valve;

72. a second bypass branch; 721. a second bypass valve.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further explained below by means of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an air intake system of a fuel cell, which is applied to a multi-stack fuel cell and can avoid the problem of poor consistency of stack operating states caused by air intake differences of the stacks.

The fuel cell comprises at least two electric piles, an air inlet system of the fuel cell comprises a main path 1, at least two air inlet branch paths, a confluence path 3 and at least two pile inlet branch paths, an air filter 11, a mass flow meter 12 and an air compressor 13 are arranged on the main path 1, the air filter 11 is used for filtering gas, and the mass flow meter 12 and the air compressor 13 are used for controlling the air inflow of the gas. At least two air inlet branch circuits are connected with the main circuit 1 and are arranged in parallel; at least two air inlet branches are provided with an intercooler and a humidifier, the intercooler is used for controlling the temperature of air, and the humidifier is used for controlling the humidity of the air. The at least two air inlet branch circuits are connected with the inlet of the confluence circuit 3, the outlet of the confluence circuit 3 is respectively connected with the at least two pile inlet branch circuits, and the at least two pile inlet branch circuits are correspondingly connected with the air inlets of the at least two electric piles one by one; the diameter of each stacking branch is the same.

Illustratively, the fuel cell includes two stacks, i.e., a first stack 101 and a second stack 102, an intake branch includes a first intake branch 21 and a second intake branch 22, an intercooler includes a first intercooler 211 and a second intercooler 221, a humidifier includes a first humidifier 212 and a second humidifier 222, the first intercooler 211 and the first humidifier 212 are disposed in the first intake branch 21, and the second intercooler 221 and the second humidifier 222 are disposed in the second intake branch 22. The inlet branch comprises a first inlet branch 41 and a second inlet branch 42, the outlet of the confluence line 3 is communicated with the air inlet of the first inlet branch 41 and the air inlet of the second inlet branch 42 through a three-way valve, the three-way valve comprises an air inlet and two air outlets, the outlet of the confluence line 3 is connected with the air inlet of the three-way valve, the two air outlets of the three-way valve are communicated with the air inlet of the first inlet branch 41 and the air inlet of the second inlet branch 42, in order to ensure that the pressure of the gas entering the first inlet branch 41 and the second inlet branch 42 is the same, the three-way valve is T-shaped, the diameters of the two air outlets are the same as the radius of a fillet at the corner of the three-way valve, and similarly, the radius of a fillet at the corner of the first inlet branch 41 and the second inlet branch 42 are the same.

The fuel cell's air intake system that this embodiment provided, through set up air cleaner 11, mass flow meter 12 and air compressor machine 13 on the way 1, air cleaner 11 filters gas, mass flow meter 12 and air compressor machine 13 control gas get into the total air input of two at least galvanic piles, then shunt gas to two at least inlet branch ways in, shunt gas through two inlet branch ways and carry out the control of temperature and humidity to satisfy the temperature and the humidity requirement of the gas that gets into the galvanic pile. In order to avoid the influence of different cooling capacities of intercoolers in different air inlet branches and different humidification capacities of humidifiers on the temperature and humidity of gas in each air inlet branch, the gas in the two air inlet branches is converged by a confluence circuit 3, the gas is mixed and then enters at least two pile inlet branches respectively, the diameter of each pile inlet branch is the same, so that the temperature, the humidity and the pressure of the gas entering each pile through each pile inlet branch are the same, and the performance and the service life of each pile are kept consistent; meanwhile, the reverse charging of the high-voltage electric pile to the low-voltage electric pile is avoided, and the safety is high; and the air inlet system of the fuel cell can realize the same temperature, humidity and pressure of the gas entering each electric pile without complex control, and is easier to operate.

As an alternative to the intake system of the fuel cell, a mass flow meter 12 is provided between the air filter 11 and the air compressor 13 for detecting the flow rate of gas entering the air compressor 13. After the gas is filtered by the air filter 11, the flow of the gas entering the air compressor 13 is controlled by the mass flow meter 12, then the gas is compressed by the air compressor 13, and the gas pressure entering the galvanic pile is controlled.

As an alternative of the air inlet system of the fuel cell, a temperature, pressure and humidity sensor is arranged at the air inlet of each electric pile. The temperature and humidity sensor is arranged at the air inlet of each galvanic pile, and the temperature, the humidity and the pressure of the gas entering the galvanic pile are detected through the temperature and humidity sensor, so that the consistency of the temperature, the humidity and the pressure of the gas entering each galvanic pile is ensured.

In this embodiment, a first warm-pressure-wet sensor 411 is disposed in the first stack inlet branch 41, and the first warm-pressure-wet sensor 411 is disposed at an air inlet of the first cell stack 101. A second temperature and humidity sensor 421 is arranged in the second stack entering branch 42, and the second temperature and humidity sensor 421 is arranged at an air inlet of the second cell stack 102. With this arrangement, the accuracy of measuring the temperature, humidity, and pressure of the gas entering the first stack 101 and the second stack 102 is higher.

In another optional embodiment of the present invention, the collecting line 3 is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor, and the air inlet of each cell stack is provided with a pressure sensor. The inlet pressure of each stack is influenced by the blockage condition of the stack inlet branch, and the inlet temperature and humidity are influenced by the stack inlet branch in a negligible way. The temperature and humidity of the gas on the confluence flow path 3 are monitored by arranging a temperature and humidity sensor on the confluence flow path 3, and then the temperature and humidity of the gas entering each electric pile are monitored. Pressure sensors are arranged on the first reactor inlet branch 41 and the second reactor inlet branch 42, and the pressure of the gas entering the first reactor inlet branch 41 and the pressure of the gas entering the second reactor inlet branch 42 are respectively monitored through the two pressure sensors so as to ensure the consistency of the pressures of the gases entering the first electric pile 101 and the second electric pile 102.

Most of the gas entering the galvanic pile is subjected to chemical reaction to generate electric energy, and a small part of the gas is not subjected to chemical reaction and needs to be discharged; meanwhile, water generated after reaction in the electric pile also needs to be discharged.

As an alternative of the air intake system of the fuel cell, the air intake system of the fuel cell further includes a tail exhaust passage 6, and the air outlets of at least two of the stacks are both communicated with the tail exhaust passage 6. A small portion of the unreacted gases and water are both vented through the tail vent 6.

As an alternative to the intake system of the fuel cell, each intake branch is communicated with the exhaust passage 6 through a bypass branch on which a bypass valve is provided. By providing a bypass branch for each air intake branch, the control of the air compressor 13 is facilitated, and the dynamic characteristics of the air intake system of the fuel cell are improved.

The bypass branch includes a first bypass branch 71 and a second bypass branch 72, the bypass valve includes a first bypass valve 711 and a second bypass valve 712, the first bypass valve 711 is disposed in the first bypass branch 71, the second bypass valve 712 is disposed in the second bypass branch 72, and the gas passing through the first bypass valve 711 and the second bypass valve 712 is discharged through the tail exhaust passage 6.

As an alternative to the intake system of the fuel cell, the tail pipe 6 is provided with a back pressure valve 61, and the back pressure valve 61 is used to control the gas pressure entering at least two stacks. After the pressure of the gas is controlled by the mass flow meter 12 and the air compressor 13 on the main 1, when the gas pressure entering the first stack 101 detected by the first temperature and pressure humidity sensor 411 and the gas pressure entering the second stack 102 detected by the second temperature and pressure humidity sensor 421 do not satisfy the gas pressure required by the chemical reaction in the stack, the gas pressure entering the first stack 101 and the gas pressure entering the second stack 102 both satisfy the gas pressure required by the chemical reaction in the stack by adjusting the backpressure valve 61.

As an alternative of the air intake system of the fuel cell, the air intake system of the fuel cell further includes at least two stack outlet branches, one end of each of the at least two stack outlet branches is connected with the air outlets of the at least two stacks in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the other end of each of the at least two stack outlet branches is communicated with the tail exhaust passage 6. At least two reactor residues are respectively discharged through the arrangement.

In this embodiment, the stack outlet branch includes a first stack outlet branch 51 and a second stack outlet branch 52, one end of the first stack outlet branch 51 is communicated with the gas outlet of the first stack 101, one end of the second stack outlet branch 52 is communicated with the gas outlet of the second stack 102, and the other end of the first stack outlet branch 51 and the other end of the second stack outlet branch 52 are both communicated with the tail exhaust passage 6.

As an alternative to the air intake system of the fuel cell, each stack outlet branch is connected to a humidifier in the stack inlet branch of its corresponding stack, so as to introduce water generated by the stack reaction into the humidifier. The humidifier needs water in the humidification process, and in the embodiment, water generated by the reactor reaction is introduced into the humidifier for utilization, so that the water resource is recycled, and more energy is saved.

In this embodiment, the gas in the first gas inlet branch 21 is cooled by the first intercooler 211, enters the first humidifier 212 through the gas inlet of the first humidifier 212, is humidified by the first humidifier 212, and then enters the junction line 3 through the gas outlet of the first humidifier 212; the first stack outlet branch 51 is connected with the first humidifier 212, the gas and the water discharged from the gas outlet of the first stack 101 enter the first humidifier 212 through the water inlet of the first humidifier 212, the water is stored in the first humidifier 212, and the gas is discharged into the tail discharge line 6 through the gas outlet of the first humidifier 212. The gas in the second gas inlet branch 22 is cooled by the second intercooler 221, enters the second humidifier 222 through the gas inlet of the second humidifier 222, is humidified by the second humidifier 222, and then enters the junction line 3 through the gas outlet of the second humidifier 222; the second stack outlet branch 52 is connected to a second humidifier 222, the gas and water discharged from the gas outlet of the second stack 102 enter the second humidifier 222 through the water inlet of the second humidifier 222, the water is stored in the second humidifier 222, and the gas is discharged into the tail discharge line 6 through the gas outlet of the second humidifier 222.

As an alternative of the air inlet system of the fuel cell, temperature and pressure sensors are arranged in at least two stack outlet branches, and the temperature and pressure sensors are arranged between an air outlet of the electric stack and a humidifier.

The temperature and pressure sensor includes a first temperature and pressure sensor 511 and a second temperature and pressure sensor 521, the first temperature and pressure sensor 511 is disposed in the first stack outlet branch 51, is located between the gas outlet of the first cell stack 101 and the first humidifier 212, and is configured to detect the temperature and the pressure of the gas at the gas outlet of the first cell stack 101. The second temperature and pressure sensor 521 is disposed in the second stack outlet branch 52, between the gas outlet of the second stack 102 and the second humidifier 222, and is configured to detect the temperature and pressure of the gas at the gas outlet of the second stack 102. The temperature at the air inlet of the first cell stack 101 is compared with the temperature at the air outlet of the first cell stack 101 to judge the reaction temperature and the heat dissipation condition in the first cell stack 101, and whether the flow rate of the gas participating in the reaction in the first cell stack 101 meets the requirement is judged by the gas pressure at the air inlet of the first cell stack 101 and the gas pressure at the air outlet of the first cell stack 101. Similarly, the temperature at the air inlet of the second cell stack 102 is compared with the temperature at the air outlet of the second cell stack 102 to determine the reaction temperature and the heat dissipation condition in the second cell stack 102, and whether the flow rate of the gas participating in the reaction in the second cell stack 102 meets the requirement is determined by the gas pressure at the air inlet of the second cell stack 102 and the gas pressure at the air outlet of the second cell stack 102.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, there are variations on the detailed description and the application scope according to the idea of the present invention, and the content of the description should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. An air intake system for a fuel cell, the fuel cell including at least two stacks, the air intake system comprising:

the system comprises a main road (1) and a control system, wherein the main road is provided with an air filter (11), a mass flow meter (12) and an air compressor (13), the air filter (11) is used for filtering gas, and the mass flow meter (12) and the air compressor (13) are used for controlling the air inflow of the gas;

at least two air inlet branch circuits are connected with the main circuit (1) and are arranged in parallel; an intercooler and a humidifier are arranged on at least two of the air inlet branches, the intercooler is used for controlling the temperature of air, and the humidifier is used for controlling the humidity of the air;

the gas collecting device comprises a collecting flow path (3) and at least two reactor inlet branches, wherein the at least two gas inlet branches are connected with an inlet of the collecting flow path (3), an outlet of the collecting flow path (3) is respectively connected with the at least two reactor inlet branches, and the at least two reactor inlet branches are correspondingly connected with gas inlets of the at least two electric reactors one by one; the diameter of each stacking branch is the same.

2. The air intake system of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a temperature, pressure and humidity sensor is provided at an air inlet of each of the stacks.

3. The intake system of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a temperature and humidity sensor is provided on the junction path (3), and a pressure sensor is provided at an intake port of each of the stacks.

4. The air intake system of the fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a tail exhaust passage (6), wherein the air outlets of at least two of the stacks are both communicated with the tail exhaust passage (6).

5. The intake system of a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein a back pressure valve (61) is provided on the tail exhaust passage (6), the back pressure valve (61) being configured to control a gas pressure to at least two of the stacks.

6. The air inlet system of the fuel cell according to claim 4, further comprising at least two stack outlet branches, wherein one end of each of the at least two stack outlet branches is connected with the air outlets of at least two of the electric stacks in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the other end of each of the at least two stack outlet branches is communicated with the tail exhaust path (6).

7. The fuel cell air intake system according to claim 6, wherein each of the stack outlet branches is connected to the humidifier in the stack inlet branch of the corresponding stack to introduce water generated by the stack reaction into the humidifier.

8. The fuel cell air intake system of claim 7, wherein at least two of the stack outlet branches have a temperature and pressure sensor disposed therein, and the temperature and pressure sensor is disposed between the air outlet of the electric stack and the humidifier.

9. The intake system of a fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein each of the intake branches communicates with the tail pipe (6) through a bypass branch on which a bypass valve is provided.

10. The intake system for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the mass flow meter (12) is provided between the air filter (11) and the air compressor (13) for detecting a flow rate of gas entering the air compressor (13).