CN113571747B - Fuel cell air system control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell air system control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113571747B CN113571747B CN202110780490.1A CN202110780490A CN113571747B CN 113571747 B CN113571747 B CN 113571747B CN 202110780490 A CN202110780490 A CN 202110780490A CN 113571747 B CN113571747 B CN 113571747B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell air system control method, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The method solves the technical problems that the discharge rate of the water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the existing fuel cell stack is low and the like. The control method of the fuel cell air system is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining a target inlet air flow FLref, a target air inlet pressure Pref and a target water content of a fuel cell stack according to a table look-up of the output current I of the fuel cell stack; and executing an air pressure adjusting algorithm and an air flow adjusting algorithm according to the difference between the target water content and the actual water content, and correcting the target inlet air flow and the target air inlet pressure. The invention has the advantage of high discharge speed of water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack in the process of large-amplitude loading.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, relates to a control method, and particularly relates to a control method of a fuel cell air system.
Background
The hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell is widely applied to the field of transportation, in particular to buses, logistics vehicles, heavy trucks and the like due to the advantages of high efficiency, no pollution, low operation temperature, low noise and the like. The vehicle-mounted fuel cell system must meet the requirements of users on the power performance of the whole vehicle, namely, the idle output power is increased to the peak output power in a short time, and then the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system must be increased to the peak output current from the idle output current in the same time, namely, the fuel cell stack is greatly loaded. During the process of large-amplitude loading, water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack is rapidly accumulated in the membrane electrode and the gas diffusion layer, and the accumulated liquid water prevents fresh oxygen from reaching the membrane electrode and participating in the electrochemical reaction, so that the output performance of the fuel cell stack is deteriorated. Although "rapid discharge of the fuel cell stack electrochemically generated water" at the same rate as the fuel cell stack electrochemically generated water "cannot be" completely synchronously "achieved by the air system, the fuel cell stack electrochemically generated water discharge rate may be" partially increased "by the air system.
After retrieval, for example, chinese patent literature discloses an air system control method for a fuel cell [ publication No.: CN111628196A ], there is provided an air system control method of a fuel cell including obtaining a target air pressure and a target air flow rate according to an operation state of the fuel cell; sampling the actual air pressure and the actual air flow in the current electric pile; calculating a decoupling rotation speed and a deviation opening according to the actual air pressure and the target air pressure; calculating a decoupling opening degree and a deviation rotating speed according to the actual air flow and the target air flow; calculating an adjusting rotating speed according to the decoupling rotating speed, the deviation rotating speed and a feedforward compensation rotating speed obtained through calibration; calculating an adjusting opening according to the decoupling opening, the deviation opening and a feedforward compensation opening obtained through calibration; the rotational speed of an air compressor of the fuel cell is adjusted according to the adjusted rotational speed and the opening of a back pressure valve of the fuel cell is adjusted according to the adjusted opening.
Although the scheme realizes accurate tracking control of the target values of the air flow and the air pressure and improves the response speed of the air system for the fuel cell, the actual control effect of the technical scheme completely deviates from the requirement of meeting the rapid discharge of the water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack in the process of large-amplitude loading. The requirement for quickly discharging the water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack is met, the inlet air flow of the fuel cell stack must be increased, and the inlet air pressure of the fuel cell stack must be reduced, but the actual control effect of the prior art scheme is that the inlet air pressure of the fuel cell stack is increased before the inlet air flow is increased, as shown in a curve track A → C → B in FIG. 1, the requirement for quickly discharging the water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack is violated.
Therefore, a fuel cell air system control method must be provided to meet the requirement of rapid discharge of water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack during the large loading process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a fuel cell air system control method which has the advantages of high water discharge speed and the like generated by the electrochemical reaction of a fuel cell stack in the process of large-amplitude loading.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a fuel cell air system control method is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining a target inlet air flow FLref, a target air inlet pressure Pref and a target water content of a fuel cell stack according to a table look-up of a fuel cell stack output current I; and executing an air pressure adjusting algorithm and an air flow adjusting algorithm according to the difference between the target water content and the actual water content, and correcting the target inlet air flow and the target air inlet pressure.
And thirdly, summing the target inlet air flow and the target air inlet flow correction value to obtain a corrected target inlet air flow FLcor, and summing the target air inlet pressure and the target air inlet pressure correction value to obtain a corrected target air inlet pressure Pcor.
And thirdly, executing a feed-forward control algorithm according to the corrected target inlet air flow FLcor and the corrected target air inlet pressure Pcor, and calculating to obtain a target throttle opening degree feed-forward quantity DETV3 and a target air compressor rotating speed feed-forward quantity RPM 3.
Third, an air inlet pressure and inlet air flow target coordinated control algorithm is executed based on the modified target inlet air flow FLcor and the modified target air inlet pressure Pcor to plan an inlet air flow and air inlet pressure movement path, i.e., A → D → B path, to optimize stack dynamic water balance.
The path A → D → B is from point A, through point D to point B, the air compressor speed of point B is the same as the air compressor speed of point D, compared with the first and second paths, the drainage capacity of the fuel cell stack is enhanced, the loading rate of the output current of the fuel cell stack is allowed to be increased, but the output performance of the D ignition fuel cell stack is slightly lower than that of point B.
And thirdly, according to the difference between the corrected target inlet air flow FLcor and the actual inlet air flow FL, executing a flow closed-loop control algorithm, and calculating to obtain a target throttle opening second correction quantity DETV2 and a target air compressor rotating speed second correction quantity RPM 2.
And thirdly, according to the difference between the corrected target air inlet pressure Pcor and the actual air inlet pressure P, executing a pressure closed-loop control algorithm, and calculating to obtain a target throttle opening first correction quantity DETV1 and a target air compressor rotation speed first correction quantity RPM 1.
And finally, summing the first correction quantity, the second correction quantity and the feedforward quantity of the opening of the target throttle valve to obtain a target throttle valve opening command value DETV, summing the first correction quantity, the second correction quantity and the feedforward quantity of the rotating speed of the target air compressor to obtain a target air compressor rotating speed command value RPMACP, and respectively outputting the target air compressor rotating speed command value RPMACP to the throttle valve and the air compressor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the requirement of quickly discharging water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack is met in the process of large-amplitude loading, and the output performance of the fuel cell stack is optimized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the air system control method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a basic schematic diagram of a fuel cell air system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic of the inlet air pressure and inlet air flow path planning of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present fuel cell air system control method, in this embodiment, includes looking up a table based on the fuel cell stack output current I to obtain a target inlet air flow FLref, a target air inlet pressure Pref, and a target water content of the fuel cell stack; and executing an air pressure adjusting algorithm and an air flow adjusting algorithm according to the difference between the target water content and the actual water content, and correcting the target inlet air flow and the target air inlet pressure.
And thirdly, summing the target inlet air flow and the target air inlet flow correction value to obtain a corrected target inlet air flow FLcor, and summing the target air inlet pressure and the target air inlet pressure correction value to obtain a corrected target air inlet pressure Pcor.
And thirdly, executing a feed-forward control algorithm according to the corrected target inlet air flow FLcor and the corrected target air inlet pressure Pcor, and calculating to obtain a target throttle opening degree feed-forward quantity DETV3 and a target air compressor rotating speed feed-forward quantity RPM 3.
Third, an air inlet pressure and inlet air flow target coordinated control algorithm is executed based on the modified target inlet air flow FLcor and the modified target air inlet pressure Pcor to plan an inlet air flow and air inlet pressure movement path, i.e., A → D → B path, to optimize stack dynamic water balance.
As shown in fig. 3, the path a → D → B is from point a, through point D to point B, where the air compressor speed is the same as the air compressor speed at point D, and the drainage capacity of the fuel cell stack is enhanced compared to the first and second paths, allowing the stack output current loading rate to be increased, but the output performance of the D-fired fuel cell stack is slightly lower than at point B.
And thirdly, according to the difference between the corrected target inlet air flow FLcor and the actual inlet air flow FL, executing a flow closed-loop control algorithm, and calculating to obtain a target throttle opening second correction quantity DETV2 and a target air compressor rotating speed second correction quantity RPM 2.
And thirdly, according to the difference between the corrected target air inlet pressure Pcor and the actual air inlet pressure P, executing a pressure closed-loop control algorithm, and calculating to obtain a target throttle opening first correction quantity DETV1 and a target air compressor rotation speed first correction quantity RPM 1.
And finally, summing the first correction quantity, the second correction quantity and the feedforward quantity of the target throttle opening to obtain a target throttle opening command value DETV, summing the first correction quantity, the second correction quantity and the feedforward quantity of the target air compressor rotating speed to obtain a target air compressor rotating speed command value RPMACP, and respectively outputting the target air compressor rotating speed command value RPMACP to the throttle and the air compressor.
As shown in fig. 2, according to the air flow direction, the air cleaner, the air flow meter, the air compressor, the intercooler, the intake temperature and pressure integrated sensor, the electric control three-way valve 1, the electric control three-way valve 2, the dry passage of the humidifier, the air cavity of the fuel cell stack, the wet passage of the humidifier, the exhaust throttle valve, the mixed exhaust pipe and the silencer are arranged. The air filter is used for filtering out nitrogen oxides, sulfides, carbon monoxide, micro-particles and the like in air, the air flow meter is used for measuring the flow and the temperature of dry air, the air compressor is used for compressing the gas with the current environment temperature and pressure into high-temperature, high-pressure and high-flow-rate gas, and the intercooler is used for cooling or heating the gas at the outlet of the air compressor to the temperature equivalent to the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack. The air of intercooler rear end cooling, partly is guided and gets into air compressor machine bearing department and realize the bearing cooling, and partly is guided and gets into the outside casing of fuel cell stack and realize the inside ventilation of casing to discharge from the casing and get into the mixed exhaust pipe way via the duckbill check valve.
The electric control three-way valve 1 is used for preventing surging of the air compressor when no power is supplied or no driving state gas flows from the left to the lower direction (from the intercooler to the mixed exhaust pipeline direction) and simultaneously flows from the left to the lower direction (from the intercooler to the mixed exhaust pipeline direction) and from the left to the right direction (from the intercooler to the electric control three-way valve 2 direction) until the electric control three-way valve 1 is fully opened, and the gas flows from the left to the right direction (from the intercooler to the electric control three-way valve 2 direction). The electric control three-way valve 2 completely bypasses a dry passage of the humidifier when no power is supplied or no driving state gas flows in the direction from bottom to left (the direction from the electric control three-way valve 1 to the pile), and the electric control three-way valve 2 simultaneously flows in the direction from bottom to left (the direction from the electric control three-way valve 1 to the pile) and the direction from bottom to top (the direction from the electric control three-way valve 1 to the humidifier) until the electric control three-way valve 2 is fully opened, so that the gas flows in the direction from bottom to top (the direction from the electric control three-way valve 1 to the humidifier).
The gas that flows through the dry route of humidifier and the left route of automatically controlled three-way valve 2 gets into fuel cell stack air cavity after mixing, the humid air flow that fuel cell stack air cavity export was discharged goes through vacating temperature sensor, vacate pressure sensor and gets into the wet route of humidifier, the gas-gas humidification is realized to the dry route and the wet route of humidifier, the wet route export gas of humidifier reaches mixed exhaust pipe via the exhaust air throttle, the air that automatically controlled three-way valve 1 downside flows also gets into mixed exhaust pipe, the gaseous whole muffler that gets into of after-mixing carries out noise reduction, then discharge into in the environment.
As shown in fig. 3, in the coordinate system, the abscissa is the air mass flow rate at the inlet of the fuel cell stack, the ordinate is the air inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, the thick solid line is the constant speed curve of the air compressor, the starting point (the air mass flow rate is lowest) of each constant speed curve of the air compressor is connected in series to form a surge limiting curve, and the end point (the air mass flow rate is highest) of each constant speed curve of the air compressor is connected in series to form a congestion limiting curve. Note that point a is the steady state air system operating condition corresponding to the fuel cell stack output current I1, and point B is the steady state air system operating condition corresponding to the fuel cell stack output current I2.
As the stack output current increases, the air system operating conditions are such that it is difficult to completely follow the stack output current rate of change unless the stack output current loading slope is covered by the air system regulation rate. There are three alternative paths for the adjustment of the working condition of the air system: the first is from point A to point B through point C, the air outlet pressure at point C is the same as point B, because the air outlet pressure reaches the target value before the air mass flow and the curve operating point corresponds to the air outlet relative humidity higher than 100%, the path is not beneficial to the drainage process of the fuel cell stack, and the point C is close to the surge curve of the air compressor and is not beneficial to the service life of the air compressor.
The second path is from the point A to the point B through the point E, is optimized compared with the second path, is more suitable for the process of slowly loading the output current of the fuel cell stack, and finishes the planning of specific working condition points through experimental analysis, modeling and the like. The third path is from point A to point B through point D, the speed of air compressor at point B is the same as that at point D, compared with the first and second paths, the drainage capacity of fuel cell stack is enhanced, the loading rate of output current of fuel cell stack is allowed to be increased, but the output performance of D ignition fuel cell stack is slightly lower than that at point B.
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device. A common area of transportation is a hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which can convert chemical energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and generate water, where the hydrogen is often from a hydrogen storage device (such as a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder), and the oxygen is from air or a gas cylinder storing oxygen. And connecting a plurality of proton exchange membrane fuel cell single sheets in series to form a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
The air system is a set of device which continuously provides fresh oxygen for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, discharges waste low-concentration oxygen and generates water through electrochemical reaction, and meets the requirements of inlet air pressure and inlet air flow of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
The large-amplitude loading is that the output current of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack rapidly and greatly rises, such as rapidly rising from zero output current to peak output current in a short time.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A fuel cell air system control method is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining a target inlet air flow FLref, a target air inlet pressure Pref and a target water content of a fuel cell stack according to a table look-up of a fuel cell stack output current I; executing an air pressure adjusting algorithm and an air flow adjusting algorithm according to the difference between the target water content and the actual water content, correcting the target inlet air flow and the target air inlet pressure, summing the target inlet air flow and a target air inlet flow correction value to obtain a corrected target inlet air flow FLcor, summing the target air inlet pressure and a target air inlet pressure correction value to obtain a corrected target air inlet pressure Pcor, executing a feed-forward control algorithm to obtain a target throttle opening feed-forward quantity DETV3 and a target air compressor rotating speed feed-forward quantity RPM3, calculating the corrected target inlet air flow FLcor and the corrected target air inlet pressure Pcor, executing an air inlet pressure and inlet air flow target coordination control algorithm, and planning an inlet air flow and air inlet pressure moving path, namely, the path A → D → B is from the point A to the point B through the point D, the air compressor rotation speed at the point B is the same as that at the point D, but the output performance of the fuel cell pile ignited by the point D is slightly lower than that at the point B.
2. The fuel cell air system control method according to claim 1, wherein the corrected target inlet air flow FLcor and the actual inlet air flow FL are different by performing a flow rate closed loop control algorithm, and a target throttle opening degree second correction quantity DETV2 and a target air compressor rotation speed second correction quantity RPM2 are calculated.
3. The fuel cell air system control method according to claim 2, characterized in that the corrected target air inlet pressure Pcor and the actual air inlet pressure P are different and a pressure closed loop control algorithm is executed to calculate a target throttle opening degree first correction amount DETV1 and a target air compressor rotation speed first correction amount RPM 1.
4. The fuel cell air system control method according to claim 3, wherein the target throttle opening degree command value DETV is obtained by summing the target throttle opening degree first correction amount, the second correction amount, and the feed forward amount, and the target air compressor rotation speed command value RPMACP is obtained by summing the target air compressor rotation speed first correction amount, the second correction amount, and the feed forward amount, and is output to the throttle valve and the air compressor, respectively.
5. The fuel cell air system control method of claim 1, wherein the air system is a set of devices for continuously providing fresh oxygen, discharging waste low-concentration oxygen and generating water by electrochemical reaction for the pem fuel cell stack, and meets the requirements of inlet air pressure and inlet air flow of the pem fuel cell stack.
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| CN114220999A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-22 | 山东国创燃料电池技术创新中心有限公司 | Air inlet control method, device and system storage medium of fuel cell system |
| CN114725433A (en) * | 2022-03-20 | 2022-07-08 | 昆明云内动力股份有限公司 | Feeding control method of proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell power system |
| CN114678573A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-06-28 | 大洋电机燃料电池科技(中山)有限公司 | Fuel cell system with energy recovery function and control method |
| CN117276598B (en) * | 2023-11-22 | 2024-02-20 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Temperature control method and device for hydrogen fuel cell engine load-increasing process |
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| JP2016115622A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system, and control method for fuel cell system |
| JP6206440B2 (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2017-10-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN110970642B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-07-27 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Air system control method of fuel cell |
| CN111628196A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-09-04 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Air system control method of fuel cell |
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