CN113764700A - Fuel-electric system, control method of fuel-electric system and vehicle - Google Patents
Fuel-electric system, control method of fuel-electric system and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113764700A CN113764700A CN202110908601.2A CN202110908601A CN113764700A CN 113764700 A CN113764700 A CN 113764700A CN 202110908601 A CN202110908601 A CN 202110908601A CN 113764700 A CN113764700 A CN 113764700A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel-electric system, a control method of the fuel-electric system and a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of vehicles. The fuel system includes: the air path is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, the air path is provided with an air compressor, and the outlet of the air compressor is communicated with the input end of the hydrogen compression pump device; the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device can be communicated with the hydrogen path; the hydrogen path is communicated with an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly; the first end of the hydrogen recycling path is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, and the second end of the hydrogen recycling path can be communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device. The fuel-electric system, the control method of the fuel-electric system and the vehicle have low cost and simple structure, and do not have the explosion danger of hydrogen leakage caused by electric sparks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a fuel-electric system, a control method of the fuel-electric system and a vehicle.
Background
With the increasing severity of global environment and energy problems, fuel cell vehicles are considered to be the most promising energy power devices in the future due to their advantages of no pollution, high energy conversion efficiency, wide raw material sources, and the like.
The design scheme of the hydrogen supply system of the PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) is divided into hydrogen recycling and hydrogen-free recycling, the hydrogen-free recycling has high requirements on the performance of the fuel cell, the hydrogen-free recycling is not beneficial to the high-efficiency use of anode fuel, the service life of the fuel cell system is prolonged, and the hydrogen recycling can use hydrogen with high efficiency and is beneficial to the maintenance and management of a galvanic pile.
At present, a hydrogen circulating pump is mainly adopted in a hydrogen circulating scheme of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to factors such as system power requirements, part performance and efficiency.
However, the hydrogen circulating pump in the prior art is driven by a motor, the rotating speed of the hydrogen pump is controlled by a controller of the hydrogen circulating pump, the hydrogen circulating pump is large in size and expensive, mechanical parts are more and need to be lubricated, noise is accompanied during operation, hydrogen pollution risk exists, and meanwhile, a Power Distribution Unit (PDU) is needed to distribute electric energy to the hydrogen pump, so that the design complexity of the PDU is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel-electric system, a control method of the fuel-electric system and a vehicle, which solve or partially solve the technical problems of high cost and complex structure caused by hydrogen circulation realized by a hydrogen circulating pump in the prior art.
To solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a fuel cell system in communication with a fuel cell stack assembly, the fuel cell system comprising: the system comprises an air circuit, a hydrogen compression pump device and a hydrogen recovery circuit; the air path is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, an air compressor is arranged on the air path, and an outlet of the air compressor is communicated with an input end of the hydrogen compression pump device; the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device can be communicated with the hydrogen path; the hydrogen path is communicated with an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly; the first end of the hydrogen recycling path is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, and the second end of the hydrogen recycling path can be communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device.
Further, the fuel system further includes: an ejector; the ejector is arranged on the hydrogen path; the second end of the hydrogen recycling path can be selectively communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device or the ejector.
Further, the hydrogen gas compression pump device includes: the system comprises a first three-way pipe, a first communication pipe, an air turbine, a driving connecting shaft and a hydrogen compressor; the first three-way pipe is arranged on the air path, the inlet of the first three-way pipe is communicated with the outlet of the air compressor, the first outlet of the first three-way pipe is communicated with the first communication pipe, and the second outlet of the first three-way pipe is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly; the first communication pipe is communicated with the air turbine, and a flow regulating electromagnetic valve is arranged on the first communication pipe; the first end of the driving connecting shaft is connected with the output end of the air turbine, and the second end of the driving connecting shaft is connected with the hydrogen compressor; the gas inlet of the hydrogen compressor can be communicated with the second end of the hydrogen recovery path, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen compressor can be communicated with the hydrogen path.
Furthermore, an intercooler, a second three-way pipe and a humidifier are arranged on the air path; an inlet of the intercooler is communicated with a second outlet of the first three-way pipe; an inlet of the second three-way pipe is communicated with an outlet of the intercooler, a first outlet of the second three-way pipe is provided with a pressure relief valve, and a second outlet of the second three-way pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the humidifier; the air outlet of the humidifier is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, the tail gas inlet of the humidifier is communicated with the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, and a back pressure valve is arranged at the tail gas outlet of the humidifier.
Further, a gas-liquid separator and a three-way electromagnetic valve are arranged on the hydrogen recovery pipeline; the inlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, a drain valve is arranged on the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the inlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve; and a first outlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device, and a second outlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the ejector.
Further, a hydrogen cylinder, an ejector proportional valve and a four-way pipe are arranged on the hydrogen path; the gas outlet of the hydrogen cylinder is communicated with the ejector through the ejector proportional valve; the first inlet of the four-way pipe is communicated with the ejector, the second inlet of the four-way pipe can be communicated with the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device, and the first outlet of the four-way pipe is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly.
Further, a second communicating pipe is arranged on the hydrogen path; the second communicating pipe is communicated with a second outlet of the four-way pipe, and an unloading valve is arranged on the second communicating pipe.
Further, a shutoff valve is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline; the shutoff valve is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the ejector proportional valve.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides a control method of the fuel-electric system, which comprises the following steps: when the Fuel cell stack assembly is in operation, a VCU (Vehicle control unit) sends a Pi power request to an FCU (Fuel cell master controller); if Pi is less than or equal to 20kw, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device, the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device is communicated with the hydrogen path, a flow regulating electromagnetic valve of the hydrogen compression pump device is opened, an air compressor supplies gas to the hydrogen compression pump device to drive the hydrogen compression pump device to act, at the moment, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device to supply circulating hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly to the hydrogen compression pump device, the hydrogen compression pump device compresses the circulating hydrogen and supplies the compressed circulating hydrogen to the hydrogen path, and the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly through the hydrogen path to enable the anode to perform electrochemical reaction; and if Pi is more than 20kw, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path is communicated with the ejector, the circulating hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly is supplied to the ejector, the ejector supplies the circulating hydrogen to the hydrogen path, and the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly through the hydrogen path.
Further, when Pi is less than or equal to 20kw, the rotation speed of the hydrogen compressor of the hydrogen compression pump device is obtained: the mass flow rate of hydrogen required by an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly corresponding to Pi is QH1, the metering ratio is beta H1, and the pressure is PH1, the pressure of an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly is PH2, the pressure ratio Pi i of the hydrogen compressor can be obtained by dividing PH1 by PH2, the mass flow rate QH2 of unreacted hydrogen can be obtained by dividing beta H1 by beta H1 after subtracting 1, and then multiplying by QH1, the rotating speed nH1 of the hydrogen compressor and the energy consumption W1 required by hydrogen compression can be obtained by combining a test map of the hydrogen compressor with the pressure ratio Pi i of the hydrogen compressor and the mass flow rate QH2 of the unreacted hydrogen compressor; acquiring the opening degree of a flow regulating electromagnetic valve of a hydrogen compression pump device: the mass flow required by the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly corresponding to Pi is QA1, the metering ratio is beta A1, the pressure is PA1, the outlet pressure of the air compressor is PA2, the working efficiency eta 1 of the hydrogen compressor is obtained, and the W1 is divided by eta 1 to obtain the energy consumption W2 of the air turbine; through W2 and PA2, the mass flow QA2 of air flowing through the air turbine can be obtained, and the opening degree of the flow regulating solenoid valve is further obtained; acquiring the rotating speed of the air compressor: the mass flow rate of the cathode required by the fuel cell stack assembly corresponding to Pi is QA1, the metering ratio is beta A1, the pressure is PA1, the outlet pressure of the air compressor is PA2, the mass flow rate of the air flowing through the air turbine of the hydrogen compression pump device is QA2, the total air intake amount QA3 can be obtained by adding QA1 and QA2, and the rotating speed of the air compressor can be obtained through an operating characteristic map of the air compressor.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides a vehicle comprising the fuel electric system.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
because the air path is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, the air path is provided with the air compressor, the outlet of the air compressor is communicated with the input end of the hydrogen compression pump device, the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device can be communicated with the hydrogen path, the hydrogen path is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, the ejector is arranged on the hydrogen path, the first end of the hydrogen recovery path is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, and the second end of the hydrogen recovery path can be communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device, when the fuel cell stack assembly works with low power, the air compressor supplies the compressed high-temperature and high-pressure gas to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly through the air path, so that the cathode carries out electrochemical reaction, meanwhile, the fuel cell stack assembly needs less air and hydrogen reaction gas, and for the air compressor, the air compressor has enough air compression capacity, the hydrogen compression pump device can be supplied with gas simultaneously, the hydrogen compression pump device is driven to act by utilizing the energy of high-temperature and high-pressure gas at the outlet of the air compressor, at the moment, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device, the circulating hydrogen at the outlet of the anode of the fuel cell stack assembly is supplied to the hydrogen compression pump device, the hydrogen compression pump device compresses the circulating hydrogen, and the circulating hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen path, the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly through the hydrogen path, so that the anode carries out electrochemical reaction, a motor and a controller element in the traditional hydrogen pump are not needed, the cost is low, the structure is simple, and the danger of hydrogen explosion caused by electric spark leakage does not exist.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen compression pump device of a fuel electric system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an eductor in the combustion system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a map of the operation of the air compressor of the combustion system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a test map of a hydrogen compressor of the fuel gas system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the combined operation of an air compressor and a back pressure valve of the combustion system of FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a fuel system according to an embodiment of the present invention is in communication with a fuel cell stack assembly 1, and includes: an air path 2, a hydrogen path 3, a hydrogen compression pump device 4 and a hydrogen recovery path 6.
The air path 2 is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, an air compressor 7 is arranged on the air path 2, and an outlet of the air compressor 7 is communicated with an input end of the hydrogen compression pump device 4.
The output end of the hydrogen compression pump device 4 can be communicated with the hydrogen path.
The hydrogen path 3 communicates with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1.
A first end of the hydrogen recycling path 6 is communicated with an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, and a second end of the hydrogen recycling path 6 can be communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device 4.
In the embodiment of the present application, since the air path 2 is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, the air path 2 is provided with the air compressor 7, the outlet of the air compressor 7 is communicated with the input end of the hydrogen compression pump device 4, the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device 4 can be communicated with the hydrogen path 3, the hydrogen path 3 is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, the ejector 5 is arranged on the hydrogen path 3, the first end of the hydrogen recovery path 6 is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, and the second end of the hydrogen recovery path 6 can be communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device 4, when the fuel cell stack assembly 1 works with low power, the air compressor 7 supplies the compressed high-temperature and high-pressure gas to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 through the air path 2, so that the cathode performs electrochemical reaction, and meanwhile, the fuel cell stack assembly 1 needs less air and hydrogen reaction gas, for the air compressor 7, at this time, the air compressor 7 has enough air compression capacity, and can simultaneously supply gas to the hydrogen compression pump device 4, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas energy at the outlet of the air compressor 7 is utilized to drive the hydrogen compression pump device 4 to act, at this time, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path 6 is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device 4, so that the circulating hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is supplied to the hydrogen compression pump device 4, the circulating hydrogen is compressed by the hydrogen compression pump device 4 and supplied to the hydrogen path 3, and the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 through the hydrogen path 3, so that the anode carries out electrochemical reaction.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the fuel electric system further includes: and an ejector 5.
The ejector 5 is provided on the hydrogen passage 3.
The second end of the hydrogen recycling line 6 can be selectively communicated with a hydrogen compression pump device or an ejector 5.
When the fuel cell stack assembly 1 works at high power, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path 6 is communicated with the ejector 5, the circulating hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is supplied to the ejector 5, the ejector 5 is simple in structure, reliable in operation, low in noise and free of extra power consumption, the ejector 5 supplies the circulating hydrogen to the hydrogen path 3, the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 through the hydrogen path 3, the anode is subjected to electrochemical reaction, the capacity of the air compressor 7 is not required to be consumed, and the working capacity of the air compressor 7 is ensured to meet the system requirement.
In this embodiment, by adopting the hydrogen compression pump device 4 and the ejector 5 to be used in parallel, the low-power section and the low-gas-quantity high-metering-ratio section use the scheme of the hydrogen compression pump device 4 alone, and the medium-high-power section and the high-gas-quantity low-metering-ratio section use the scheme of the ejector 5, the working characteristics of the hydrogen compression pump device 4 and the ejector 5 can be fully utilized.
Specifically, the hydrogen gas compression pump device 4 includes: a first three-way pipe 4-1, a first communication pipe 4-2, an air turbine 4-3, a driving connection shaft 4-4 and a hydrogen compressor 4-5.
The first three-way pipe 4-1 is arranged on the air path 2, the inlet of the first three-way pipe 4-1 is communicated with the outlet of the air compressor 7, the first outlet of the first three-way pipe 4-1 is communicated with the first communicating pipe 4-2, and the second outlet of the first three-way pipe 4-1 is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1.
The first communicating pipe 4-2 is communicated with the air turbine 4-3, the first communicating pipe 4-2 is provided with a flow regulating electromagnetic valve 4-6, the flow of gas entering the air turbine 4-3 is controlled through the flow regulating electromagnetic valve 4-6, and meanwhile, the on-off of the first communicating pipe 4-2 can be controlled.
A first end of the drive connection shaft 4-4 is connected to the output of the air turbine 4-3 and a second end of the drive connection shaft 4-4 is connected to the hydrogen compressor 4-5.
The gas inlet of the hydrogen compressor 4-5 may be communicated with the second end of the hydrogen recycling path 6, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen compressor 4-5 may be communicated with the hydrogen path 3.
Wherein, when the fuel cell stack assembly 1 works with low power, high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated at the outlet of the air compressor 7 enters the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 through the second outlet of the first three-way pipe 4-1 to cause the cathode to carry out electrochemical reaction, meanwhile, the flow regulating electromagnetic valve 4-6 is opened, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas also enters the first communicating pipe 4-2 through the first outlet of the first three-way pipe 4-1 and is supplied to the air turbine 4-3 through the first communicating pipe 4-2 to cause the air turbine 4-3 to rotate, and then the hydrogen compressor 4-5 is driven to act by the driving connecting shaft 4-4, at the moment, the second end of the hydrogen recycling path 6 is communicated with the hydrogen compressor 4-5, the hydrogen compressor 4-5 sucks and compresses circulating hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, the hydrogen is pressurized to the working pressure range of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 and supplied to the hydrogen path 3, and the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 through the hydrogen path 3, so that the anode carries out electrochemical reaction without a motor and a controller element in the traditional hydrogen pump, the cost is low, the structure is simple, and the danger of hydrogen leakage explosion caused by electric sparks is avoided.
When the fuel cell stack assembly 1 works at low power, the amount of air and hydrogen reaction gas is small, for the air compressor 7, the air compressor 7 has enough air compression capacity and air mass flow is about 40 times of hydrogen mass flow, the requirement of the air turbine 4-3 for driving flow can be met only by slightly increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor 7, too much workload can not be added to the air compressor 7, and the air compressor 7 can work normally.
Specifically, the air path 2 is provided with an intercooler 8, a second three-way pipe 9, and a humidifier 10.
The inlet of the intercooler 10 is communicated with the second outlet of the first three-way pipe 4-2.
An inlet of the second three-way pipe 9 is communicated with an outlet of the intercooler 8, a first outlet of the second three-way pipe 9 is provided with a pressure relief valve 11, and a second outlet of the second three-way pipe 9 is communicated with an air inlet of the humidifier 10.
An air outlet of the humidifier 10 communicates with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, and the air is humidified by the humidifier 10. The tail gas inlet of the humidifier 10 is communicated with the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, and the tail gas outlet of the humidifier 10 is provided with a back pressure valve 12.
The air compressor 7 conveys the compressed high-temperature and high-pressure gas to the intercooler 8, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is cooled through the intercooler 8, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 through the second outlet of the second three-way pipe 9, the air inlet of the humidifier 10, the air outlet of the humidifier 10 and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 in sequence to perform electrochemical reaction. The exhaust gas after reaction in the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is discharged through the exhaust gas inlet of the humidifier 10 and the exhaust gas outlet of the humidifier 10 in sequence.
In the present embodiment, the air path 2 is provided with a first pressure sensor, a first humidity sensor, and a first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the first humidity sensor, and the first temperature sensor are disposed between the air outlet of the humidifier 10 and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, the first pressure sensor is used to obtain the gas pressure entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, the first humidity sensor is used to obtain the gas humidity entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, and the first temperature sensor is used to obtain the gas temperature entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1.
In the present embodiment, a second pressure sensor, a second humidity sensor, and a second temperature sensor are provided between the exhaust gas inlet of the humidifier 10 and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, the exhaust gas pressure of the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is acquired by the second pressure sensor, the exhaust gas humidity of the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is acquired by the second humidity sensor, and the exhaust gas temperature of the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is acquired by the second temperature sensor.
In this embodiment, the air path 2 is provided with a third pressure sensor, a third humidity sensor and a third temperature sensor, the third pressure sensor, the third humidity sensor and the third temperature sensor are arranged between the humidifier 10 and the second three-way pipe 9, the pressure of the air entering the humidifier 10 is obtained through the third pressure sensor, the humidity of the air entering the humidifier 10 is obtained through the third humidity sensor, and the temperature of the air entering the humidifier 10 is obtained through the third temperature sensor.
Referring to fig. 5, for the matching characteristic of the air compressor 7, during the operation of the fuel electric system, the air compressor 7 must cooperate with the back pressure valve 12 and the pressure relief valve 11, that is, the pressure of the air path 2 is adjusted by controlling the opening and closing of the back pressure valve 12 and the pressure relief valve 11, so as to ensure that the operation condition of the air compressor 7 is far away from the surge curve, and the air compressor 7 works in an isentropic efficiency efficient area, otherwise, the vane of the air compressor 7 is damaged and the working efficiency is deteriorated. Especially, under the idling working condition, the opening degree of the pressure release valve 11 is close to 50%, a large amount of unreacted compressed dry air is discharged into the atmosphere, energy waste is caused, the unreacted compressed dry air is introduced into the hydrogen compression pump device 4 to compress unreacted circulating hydrogen, and the fuel utilization rate of the fuel system can be greatly improved.
Specifically, the air passage 2 is provided with an air cleaner 13 and a flow meter 14, and the air cleaner 13 filters air and the flow meter 14 obtains the flow rate of air entering the air compressor 7.
The air cleaner 13 communicates with the inlet of the air compressor 7 through a flow meter 14.
Wherein, air filter 13 passes through flowmeter 14 with the good air entering air compressor 7 of filtration, guarantees the cleanliness factor of air.
Specifically, the hydrogen recovery path 6 is provided with a gas-liquid separator 15 and a three-way electromagnetic valve 16.
An inlet of the gas-liquid separator 15 is communicated with an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, a drain valve 24 is arranged on a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 15, and an air outlet of the gas-liquid separator 15 is communicated with an inlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve 16.
A first outlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve 16 is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device 4, and a second outlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve 16 is communicated with the ejector 5.
The circulating hydrogen is conveyed to the hydrogen recovery path 6 from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, the circulating hydrogen is subjected to gas-liquid separation through the gas-liquid separator 15, liquid water separated by the gas-liquid separator 15 is discharged through the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 15 and the drain valve 24 in sequence, and the circulating hydrogen enters the three-way electromagnetic valve 16 through the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 15 and the inlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve 16. When the fuel cell stack assembly 1 works at low power, a first outlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve 16 is communicated with a hydrogen compressor 4-5 of the hydrogen compression pump device 4, and when the fuel cell stack assembly 1 works at high power, a second outlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve 16 is communicated with the ejector 5, and the flow direction of the circulating hydrogen is controlled by the three-way electromagnetic valve 16.
In the present embodiment, the hydrogen recovery path 6 is provided with a fourth pressure sensor, and the fourth pressure sensor is provided between the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 and the gas-liquid separator 15. The fourth sensor is used for acquiring the pressure of the circulating hydrogen discharged from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1.
Specifically, the hydrogen path 3 is provided with a hydrogen cylinder 17, an ejector proportional valve 18 and a four-way pipe 19.
The gas outlet of the hydrogen cylinder 17 is communicated with the ejector 5 through an ejector proportional valve 18.
The first inlet of the four-way pipe 19 is communicated with the ejector 5, the second inlet of the four-way pipe 19 can be communicated with the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device 4, and the first outlet of the four-way pipe 19 is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1.
When the fuel cell stack assembly 1 works at high power, hydrogen is decompressed by the hydrogen cylinder 17 and enters the ejector proportional valve 18, the ejector proportional valve 18 adjusts the mass flow of the hydrogen entering the ejector 5, the hydrogen pressure at the front end of the ejector proportional valve 18 is detected by the hydrogen medium-pressure sensor 20, the hydrogen enters the anode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 from the outlet of the ejector 5 through the first inlet of the four-way pipe 19, the first outlet of the four-way pipe 19 and the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, and unreacted circulating hydrogen and a small amount of moisture flow from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 to the gas-liquid separator 15 for gas-liquid separation because the hydrogen metering ratio entering the anode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is higher than 1.
In the embodiment, the main flow of hydrogen from the hydrogen cylinder 17 is guided by negative pressure formed at the outlet of the ejector 5, the unreacted complete circulating hydrogen entering from the inlet of the ejector 5 is sucked, and through a series of operations of mixing, diffusion, deceleration and the like, the pressure of the circulating hydrogen is increased after passing through the ejector 5, so that the hydrogen utilization rate requirement of the fuel-electric system is met.
In the present embodiment, the hydrogen passage 3 is provided with a fifth pressure sensor, which is provided between the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 and the bypass pipe 19, and the pressure of the hydrogen gas entering the anode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is acquired by the fifth pressure sensor.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen gas passage 3 is provided with a second communicating pipe 21, the second communicating pipe 21 is communicated with a second outlet of the four-way pipe 19, and the second communicating pipe is provided with an unloading valve 22, so that the pressure of the direct pipeline between the rear end of the injector proportional valve 18 and the interior of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is prevented from suddenly increasing, and the pressure safety of the whole pipeline is ensured.
In the present embodiment, the hydrogen line 3 is provided with a shut-off valve 23, the shut-off valve 23 is provided between the hydrogen cylinder 17 and the injector proportional valve 18, and the shut-off valve 23 controls the on/off of the hydrogen line 3.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides a control method of the fuel-electric system, which comprises the following steps:
when the start of the fuel system is successful, the VCU issues a power request of Pi to the FCU.
Referring to fig. 1, in step S1, if Pi is less than or equal to 20kw, the second end of the hydrogen recycling path 6 is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device 4, the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device 4 is communicated with the hydrogen path 3, the flow rate adjustment solenoid valve of the hydrogen compression pump device 4 is opened, the air compressor 7 supplies gas to the hydrogen compression pump device 4 to drive the hydrogen compression pump device 4 to operate, at this time, the second end of the hydrogen recycling path 6 is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device 4 to supply the circulating hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 to the hydrogen compression pump device 4, the hydrogen compression pump device 4 compresses the circulating hydrogen and supplies the compressed circulating hydrogen to the hydrogen path 3, and the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 through the hydrogen path 3 to perform an electrochemical reaction on the anode.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S2, if Pi is greater than 20kw, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path 6 communicates with the ejector 5, and the circulating hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is supplied to the ejector 5, and the ejector 5 supplies the circulating hydrogen to the hydrogen path 3, and the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 through the hydrogen path 3.
Step S1 is described in detail.
When Pi is less than or equal to 20 kw.
Referring to fig. 4, the rotation speed of the hydrogen compressor 4-5 of the hydrogen compression pump device 4 is obtained: pi is corresponding to the anode inlet demand hydrogen mass flow of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 and is QH1, the metering ratio is beta H1 and the pressure is PH1, the anode outlet pressure of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 is PH2, the PH1 is divided by PH2 to obtain the pressure ratio Pi i of the hydrogen compressor 4-5, the pressure ratio Pi i is reduced by beta H1 and is divided by beta H1, and then is multiplied by QH1 to obtain the unreacted hydrogen mass flow QH2, the rotating speed nH1 of the hydrogen compressor 4-5 and the energy consumption W1 required by hydrogen compression can be obtained by combining the pressure ratio Pi i of the hydrogen compressor 4-5 and the unreacted hydrogen mass flow QH2 with the test map of the hydrogen compressor 4-5.
Acquiring the opening degree of a flow regulating electromagnetic valve 4-6 of the hydrogen compression pump device 4: the mass flow rate required by the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly 1 corresponding to Pi is QA1, the metering ratio is beta A1, the pressure is PA1, the outlet pressure of the air compressor 7 is PA2, the working efficiency eta 1 of the hydrogen compressor 4-5 is obtained, W1 is divided by eta 1 to obtain the energy consumption W2 of the air turbine 7, the mass flow rate QA2 of the air flowing through the air turbine 7 is obtained through W2 and PA2, and the opening degree of the flow regulating electromagnetic valve 4-6 is further obtained.
With reference to fig. 3, the rotation speed of the air compressor 7 is obtained: pi corresponds to the cathode required mass flow rate QA1, the metering ratio β a1, and the pressure PA1 of the fuel cell stack assembly 1, the outlet pressure of the air compressor 7 is PA2, the mass flow rate of the air flowing through the air turbine 4-3 of the hydrogen compression pump device 4 is QA2, the total intake air amount QA3 is obtained by adding QA1 to QA2, and the rotation speed of the air compressor 7 is obtained by the operating characteristic map of the air compressor 7.
The invention further provides a vehicle, which adopts the fuel-electric system, the fuel-electric system refers to the above embodiments, and as the fuel-electric system adopts all technical solutions of all the above embodiments, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments are achieved, and no further description is given here.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system in communication with a fuel cell stack assembly, the fuel cell system comprising: the system comprises an air circuit, a hydrogen compression pump device and a hydrogen recovery circuit;
the air path is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, an air compressor is arranged on the air path, and an outlet of the air compressor is communicated with an input end of the hydrogen compression pump device;
the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device can be communicated with the hydrogen path;
the hydrogen path is communicated with an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly;
the first end of the hydrogen recycling path is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, and the second end of the hydrogen recycling path can be communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device.
2. The fuel system of claim 1, further comprising: an ejector;
the ejector is arranged on the hydrogen path;
the second end of the hydrogen recycling path can be selectively communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device or the ejector.
3. A fuel system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hydrogen gas compression pump means comprises: the system comprises a first three-way pipe, a first communication pipe, an air turbine, a driving connecting shaft and a hydrogen compressor;
the first three-way pipe is arranged on the air path, the inlet of the first three-way pipe is communicated with the outlet of the air compressor, the first outlet of the first three-way pipe is communicated with the first communication pipe, and the second outlet of the first three-way pipe is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly;
the first communication pipe is communicated with the air turbine, and a flow regulating electromagnetic valve is arranged on the first communication pipe;
the first end of the driving connecting shaft is connected with the output end of the air turbine, and the second end of the driving connecting shaft is connected with the hydrogen compressor;
the gas inlet of the hydrogen compressor can be communicated with the second end of the hydrogen recovery path, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen compressor can be communicated with the hydrogen path.
4. A fuel system as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
an intercooler, a second three-way pipe and a humidifier are arranged on the air path;
an inlet of the intercooler is communicated with a second outlet of the first three-way pipe;
an inlet of the second three-way pipe is communicated with an outlet of the intercooler, a first outlet of the second three-way pipe is provided with a pressure relief valve, and a second outlet of the second three-way pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the humidifier;
the air outlet of the humidifier is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, the tail gas inlet of the humidifier is communicated with the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, and a back pressure valve is arranged at the tail gas outlet of the humidifier.
5. A fuel system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
a gas-liquid separator and a three-way electromagnetic valve are arranged on the hydrogen recovery pipeline;
the inlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly, a drain valve is arranged on the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the inlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve;
and a first outlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device, and a second outlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the ejector.
6. A fuel system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
a hydrogen cylinder, an ejector proportional valve and a four-way pipe are arranged on the hydrogen path;
the gas outlet of the hydrogen cylinder is communicated with the ejector through the ejector proportional valve;
the first inlet of the four-way pipe is communicated with the ejector, the second inlet of the four-way pipe can be communicated with the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device, and the first outlet of the four-way pipe is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly.
7. A combustion system according to claim 6, wherein:
a second communicating pipe is arranged on the hydrogen path;
the second communicating pipe is communicated with a second outlet of the four-way pipe, and an unloading valve is arranged on the second communicating pipe;
a shutoff valve is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline;
the shutoff valve is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the ejector proportional valve.
8. A control method of a fuel electric system based on any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising:
when the fuel cell stack assembly works, the VCU sends a power request of Pi to the FCU;
if Pi is less than or equal to 20kw, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device, the output end of the hydrogen compression pump device is communicated with the hydrogen path, a flow regulating electromagnetic valve of the hydrogen compression pump device is opened, an air compressor supplies gas to the hydrogen compression pump device to drive the hydrogen compression pump device to act, at the moment, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path is communicated with the hydrogen compression pump device to supply circulating hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly to the hydrogen compression pump device, the hydrogen compression pump device compresses the circulating hydrogen and supplies the compressed circulating hydrogen to the hydrogen path, and the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly through the hydrogen path to enable the anode to perform electrochemical reaction;
and if Pi is more than 20kw, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path is communicated with the ejector, the circulating hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly is supplied to the ejector, the ejector supplies the circulating hydrogen to the hydrogen path, and the hydrogen is supplied to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly through the hydrogen path.
9. The control method of a fuel system according to claim 8, characterized in that:
when Pi is less than or equal to 20kw, the rotating speed of the hydrogen compressor of the hydrogen compression pump device is obtained: the mass flow rate of hydrogen required by an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack assembly corresponding to Pi is QH1, the metering ratio is beta H1, and the pressure is PH1, the pressure of an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack assembly is PH2, the pressure ratio Pi i of the hydrogen compressor can be obtained by dividing PH1 by PH2, the mass flow rate QH2 of unreacted hydrogen can be obtained by dividing beta H1 by beta H1 after subtracting 1, and then multiplying by QH1, the rotating speed nH1 of the hydrogen compressor and the energy consumption W1 required by hydrogen compression can be obtained by combining a test map of the hydrogen compressor with the pressure ratio Pi i of the hydrogen compressor and the mass flow rate QH2 of the unreacted hydrogen compressor;
acquiring the opening degree of a flow regulating electromagnetic valve of a hydrogen compression pump device: the mass flow required by the cathode of the fuel cell stack assembly corresponding to Pi is QA1, the metering ratio is beta A1, the pressure is PA1, the outlet pressure of the air compressor is PA2, the working efficiency eta 1 of the hydrogen compressor is obtained, and the W1 is divided by eta 1 to obtain the energy consumption W2 of the air turbine; through W2 and PA2, the mass flow QA2 of air flowing through the air turbine can be obtained, and the opening degree of the flow regulating solenoid valve is further obtained;
acquiring the rotating speed of the air compressor: the mass flow rate of the cathode required by the fuel cell stack assembly corresponding to Pi is QA1, the metering ratio is beta A1, the pressure is PA1, the outlet pressure of the air compressor is PA2, the mass flow rate of the air flowing through the air turbine of the hydrogen compression pump device is QA2, the total air intake amount QA3 can be obtained by adding QA1 and QA2, and the rotating speed of the air compressor can be obtained through the working characteristic map of the air compressor;
if Pi is more than 20kw, the second end of the hydrogen recovery path is communicated with the ejector.
10. A vehicle characterized by comprising a fuel-electric system according to any one of claims 1-7.
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