CN114784342A - Anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method, system and device - Google Patents
Anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method, system and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114784342A CN114784342A CN202210701399.0A CN202210701399A CN114784342A CN 114784342 A CN114784342 A CN 114784342A CN 202210701399 A CN202210701399 A CN 202210701399A CN 114784342 A CN114784342 A CN 114784342A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/0435—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method, system and device, relating to the technical field of fuel cell systems, wherein the air supply control method comprises the following steps: flow regulation of air compressor according to surge protection line pressure value P in non-surge region1Controlling the opening of the electric control valve of the channel until the pressure value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is at the surge protection linear pressure value P in the non-surge area1Internal; step two: regulating the flow of the inlet of the galvanic pile, namely regulating the flow of the inlet of the galvanic pile, and performing the third step: judging whether the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile reaches the adjustable upper limit or lower limit of the systemAdjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor; step four: returning to the step one for cycle adjustment; an anti-surge fuel cell air supply system comprising: the system comprises a data module, an instruction control module and a BP neural network module; compared with the prior art, the anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method can adapt to the working condition of the fuel cell, automatically avoid the surge of the air compressor and always ensure the optimal working condition of the electric pile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, in particular to an anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method, system and device.
Background
The fuel cell is an electrochemical device which takes hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidant and directly converts chemical energy of the fuel cell into electric energy, is not limited by Carnot cycle, can continuously generate electric energy as long as enough hydrogen and oxygen are provided for a galvanic pile, and has the characteristics of high specific energy, no pollution, zero emission, high energy conversion efficiency and the like, so that countries in the world actively develop fuel cell technology. The prior high-speed centrifugal air compressor is widely applied to a fuel cell system due to the characteristics of small volume, low noise, large flow and the like. However, due to the structural defect of the high-speed centrifugal air compressor, when the fuel cell system works, the air compressor is easy to surge, and the fuel cell system cannot work normally.
Each centrifugal compressor corresponds to a curve between outlet pressure P and flow Q under different rotating speeds n, the outlet pressure of the compressor is gradually increased along with the reduction of the flow, when the maximum outlet pressure under the rotating speed is reached, the unit enters a surge area, the outlet pressure of the compressor begins to be reduced, the flow is reduced, and the compressor surges.
The prior art generally uses a bypass system, and controls a bypass valve to realize flow regulation through a PID control unit, but the fuel cell air compressor system has the characteristic of complex coupling of flow and pressure, and the prior PID control scheme can not realize stable control of flow and pressure, so that the anti-surge effect of the air compressor is limited to a great extent. Meanwhile, the anti-surge valve and the bypass valve which are commonly used at present only control the flow of an air compressor, but a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor system has the characteristics of complex coupling of flow, pressure and motor rotating speed, the flow and pressure of gas entering a galvanic pile can influence the operation performance of the fuel cell, the stable operation of the fuel cell at a high-efficiency working point can not be ensured only by the flow control of the air compressor, meanwhile, the operation working condition of the vehicle fuel cell is complex, the load demand changes rapidly, the traditional PID control algorithm can not accurately and rapidly meet the air flow required by the galvanic pile, and the anti-surge effect of the air compressor can also be greatly reduced.
In the prior art, a non-surge amplitude limiting flow value and a pressure value are expected to be input into a PI controller through the flow and the pressure value to control the rotating speed and the flow of the air compressor, and the angle of a butterfly valve is expected to control other pressures of the air compressor. In practice, however, the air supply system of the fuel cell also has complicated coupling characteristics of air compressor rotation speed and butterfly valve (back pressure valve) opening degree and the flow and pressure of the electric pile inlet. And the pressure ratio of the centrifugal air compressor is not high under the condition of low rotating speed, and the actual electric pile needs air with certain pressure and flow under the condition of low power. When the rotating speed is increased, the pressure ratio is also increased sharply although the flow rate is increased, so that the air excess coefficient of the electric pile is too high, and the electric pile film is dry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method, system and device.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method is characterized in that the oxygen ratio current of a galvanic pile is calculated according to the output current X of the galvanic pile and the unit A
The unit is A, mu is an oxygen ratio coefficient, and the required oxygen ratio air flow of the electric pile is calculated
Unit g/s, pressure, unit barg, wherein a, b, c, d and e are constant coefficients of a surge fitting curve of the air compressor, and QαIs the inlet flow of the galvanic pile;
judging the relation between the discharge pressure of the air compressor at the rotating speed, namely the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile and the non-surge pressure interval;
air compressor rotation speed W, surge protection line pressure value P1In which P is1=fW2+ gW + h, W unit is r/min, unit barg, current-limiting protection line pressure value P2In which P is2=iW2+ jW + k, unit barg, unit W is r/min, wherein f, g, h, i, j and k are constant coefficients of surge fitting curve of air compressor, when the pressure value of electric pile inlet is not in corresponding P1And P2Controlling the opening of the electric control valve to adjust the inlet pressure value of the electric pile in the working area of the air compressor;
judging the relation between the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile and the flow range required under the power;
if the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is larger than or smaller than the flow range required under the power, the flow of the inlet of the galvanic pile is adjusted until the flow of the inlet of the galvanic pile meets the required range;
judging whether the inlet pressure value of the electric pile reaches the adjustable upper limit or lower limit of the system or not at the current rotating speed of the air compressor;
if the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile reaches the adjustable upper limit or the adjustable lower limit of the system, reducing or improving the rotating speed of the air compressor, and repeatedly adjusting the air supply working condition until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile meets the required range of the galvanic pile power under the condition that the air compressor adjusts the rotating speed;
circularly and progressively adjusting; repeating the first step to the third step, and adjusting the air supply working condition until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile meets the range required by the power of the galvanic pile under the condition that the air compressor adjusts the rotating speed;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the required power of the fuel cell stack;
s2, calculating air flow Q and pressure P required by the galvanic pile;
s3, calculating the surge protection line pressure value P of the current working condition of the air compressor1；
S4, comparing whether the current electric pile inlet pressure is less than the surge protection line pressure value P1If yes, the next step S5 is performed, otherwise, S8 is performed;
s5, judging whether the current inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile is in the current required pressure range, if so, carrying out the next step S6, and if not, carrying out the step S11;
s6, judging whether the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is in the current required flow range, if so, carrying out the next step S7, and if not, carrying out the step S15;
s7, the air compressor keeps the current working state, the electric control valve and the bypass valve keep the current working state
S8, inputting a BP-PID module to adjust the opening of the electric control valve;
s9, judging whether the opening of the current electric control valve reaches the upper limit, if so, carrying out the next step S10, and if not, returning to the step S4;
s10, the system fails, and the operation is ended;
s11, judging whether the inlet pressure of the galvanic pile is larger than the current required pressure, if so, carrying out the next step S12, and if not, carrying out the step S14;
s12, judging whether the opening of the current electric control valve reaches the upper limit, if yes, carrying out the next step S13, if not, inputting the opening of the electric control valve into a BP-PID module to increase, and returning to the step S5;
s13, inputting the data to a BP-PID module to reduce the rotating speed of the air compressor, and returning to the step S3;
s14, judging whether the current electric control valve reaches the lower limit, if yes, inputting the BP-PID module to increase the rotating speed of the air compressor, returning to the step S3, if not, inputting the BP-PID module to reduce the opening of the electric control valve, and returning to the step S5;
s15, judging whether the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is larger than the required flow, if so, performing a step S16, and if not, performing a step S19;
s16, inputting the BP-PID module to increase the opening of the bypass valve;
s17, judging whether the bypass valve reaches the upper limit, if yes, proceeding to the next step S18, otherwise, proceeding to the step S5;
s18, inputting the BP-PID module to reduce the rotating speed of the air compressor, and returning to the step S3;
s19, inputting the signal to a BP-PID module to reduce the opening of the bypass valve;
and S20, judging whether the bypass valve reaches the lower limit, if so, inputting the bypass valve into a BP-PID module to increase the rotating speed of the air compressor, returning to the step S3, and if not, returning to the step S6.
On the basis of the technical scheme, if the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor at the rotating speed is larger than the surge protection line pressure value P at the rotating speed1When the pressure value is less than P, the opening of the electric control valve is increased by inputting the BP-PID module until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile is less than P1And is greater than P2；
If the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor at the rotating speed is smaller than the pressure P of the current-limiting protection line at the rotating speed2When the pressure value is less than P, the opening of the electric control valve is reduced by inputting the BP-PID module for regulation until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile is less than P1And is greater than P2。
On the basis of the technical scheme, if the current galvanic pile inlet flow value is larger than the required flow range under the power, a BP-PID module is input to adjust signals, so that the opening degree of the bypass electric control valve is increased until the galvanic pile inlet flow Q is metα；
If the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is smaller than the flow range required under the power, regulating signals are input from a BP-PID module to reduce the opening of the bypass electric control valve until the flow value Q of the inlet of the fuel cell is metα。
On the basis of the technical scheme, the system comprises:
the data module is used for calculating the required air flow and pressure under the electric pile required power and the actual air flow demand according to the electric pile current X and the electric pile oxygen passing ratio gamma, and comparing and judging the real-time states of the air flow, the pressure and the air compressor rotating speed;
the instruction control module is used for issuing a control instruction and adjusting the air flow at the inlet of the electric pile and/or the rotating speed of the air compressor;
and the BP neural network module is used for coupling air flow, pressure and air compressor rotating speed parameters, processing the parameters and then sending a control signal to the instruction control module.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the air supply system further comprises a coupling module and a decoupling module, wherein the coupling module is used for processing working condition parameters of the air supply system; the decoupling module is used for distributing system adjusting instructions.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the system is provided with an opening degree feedback device, the opening degree feedback device feeds back to the instruction control module according to the continuously adjustable maximum opening degree, and the instruction control module selects to send an adjusting instruction according to the maximum controllable quantity of the system.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the anti-surge fuel cell air supply device comprises an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier and an electric control valve which are sequentially communicated, wherein a first flow meter is arranged between the air filter and the air compressor, a first temperature and pressure sensor is arranged between the air compressor and the intercooler, a bypass valve is arranged between the electric control valve and the intercooler and communicated with the same through a bypass, and a second flow meter is arranged between the intercooler and the bypass valve; the electric control valve is a tail exhaust main valve, and the bypass valve is a tail exhaust branch control valve; the inlet end of the galvanic pile is provided with a second temperature and pressure sensor, and the outlet end of the galvanic pile is provided with a third temperature and pressure sensor.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the first flowmeter is used for measuring the air flow at the inlet end of the air compressor, and the second flowmeter is used for measuring the air flow of the bypass valve; the first temperature and pressure sensor, the second temperature and pressure sensor and the third temperature and pressure sensor are used for measuring the temperature and the pressure of the air in the corresponding passages.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the first flowmeter and/or the second flowmeter is/are differential pressure type flowmeter and is/are one of a rotor flowmeter, a throttling flowmeter, a slit flowmeter, a volume flowmeter, an electromagnetic flowmeter and an ultrasonic flowmeter; one of an electrically controlled valve and/or bypass valve direct-acting solenoid valve, a step-by-step direct-acting solenoid valve, or a pilot operated solenoid valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) compared with the prior art, the anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method can adapt to the working condition of the fuel cell, automatically avoid the surge of an air compressor and always ensure the optimal working requirement of a galvanic pile.
(2) According to the anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method, coupling adjustment is carried out among the rotating speed of the air compressor, the inlet pressure and the flow of the electric pile, and complex adjustment control of three parameters is achieved.
(3) According to the anti-surge fuel cell air supply system, the instruction is output according to the multi-condition multi-parameter synthesis control method to ensure the working characteristics, so that the flow, the pressure and the rotating speed of the air compressor are adjusted in a linkage manner, and real-time adjustment in a complex coupling state is realized.
(4) The anti-surge fuel cell air supply device provided by the invention realizes real-time monitoring, fine adjustment and stepless continuous adjustment of the working state of an air supply system on the premise of meeting the power requirement of a galvanic pile, so that an air compressor works in an efficient surge-free state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fuel cell air supply control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell air supply system coupling regulation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an anti-surge fuel cell air supply arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a surge pressure-flow characteristic curve of the air compressor in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-an air filter, 21-a first flowmeter, 22-a second flowmeter, 3-an air compressor, 41-a temperature and pressure sensor, 42-a temperature and pressure sensor, 43-a temperature and pressure sensor, 5-an intercooler, 61-an electric control valve, 62-a bypass valve, 7-a humidifier and 8-a galvanic pile.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
The terminology used in the present disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of a fuel cell air supply control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3, a structural diagram of an anti-surge fuel cell air supply apparatus, an anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method, the method comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the flow of an air compressor;
an anti-surge air supply control method for fuel cell is characterized by that according to the output current X of electric pile and unit A, the oxygen ratio current of electric pile is calculated
Calculating the required oxygen ratio air flow of the electric pile with the unit of A and the mu of the oxygen ratio coefficient
Unit g/s, pressure, unit barg, wherein a, b, c, d and e are constant coefficients of a surge fitting curve of the air compressor, and QαIs the inlet flow of the galvanic pile;
judging the relation between the discharge pressure of the air compressor at the rotating speed, namely the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile and the non-surge pressure interval;
pressure value P of surge protection line of rotating speed W of air compressor1In which P is1=fW2+ gW + h, where W is r/min, unit barg, current limiting protection line pressure value P2In which P is2=iW2+ jW + k, unit barg, unit W is r/min, wherein f, g, h, i, j and k are constant coefficients of surge fitting curve of air compressor, when the pressure value of electric pile inlet is not in corresponding P1And P2Controlling the opening of the electric control valve to adjust the inlet pressure value of the electric pile in the working area of the air compressor;
surge protection line pressure value P1And current limiting protection line pressure P2The surge pressure-flow characteristic curve of the air compressor in the embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 4 is satisfied.
Specifically, a command is issued in accordance with the required power of the fuel cell stack to calculate the required air flow rate QαAnd pressure P, where x represents current; according to the oxygen ratio gamma = mu X of the galvanic pile, the actual theoretical flow is obtained, and the Q = gamma Q is obtainedα。
On the premise of guaranteeing the pressure and flow rate meeting the working condition requirements of the electric pile 8, according to the surge parameter of the air compressor 3 (which is obtained and recorded in the control storage element in advance), the following adjustments are carried out:
it is determined whether the fuel cell inlet pressure value is within the range of the pressure required by the stack 8 at that power and whether the fuel cell inlet flow value is also within the power range.
If the above judgment condition is satisfied, it is indicated that the air supply state of the cell stack 8 under the current working condition is normal, and the surge of the air compressor 3 does not occur, so that the air compressor 3 can be kept to operate at the rotating speed, and the electronic control valve 61 and the bypass valve 62 are kept at the opening.
When the above judgment conditions are not met, referring to fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram of the coupling regulation of the fuel cell air supply system in the embodiment of the present invention, the working condition regulation has a multi-parameter coupling characteristic, for example, if the control system initially regulates any one of the pressure P or the flow Q, the pressure P and the flow Q both affect the operating state parameters of the stack due to mutual influence and the physical relationship of fluid mechanics is satisfied, and at this time, the necessary and timely multi-parameter coupling judgment is performed, and it is the core concept and creation point of the technology of the present application to make a reasonable regulation measure therefrom, and the following is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 4, a surge pressure-flow characteristic curve of the air compressor in the embodiment of the present invention is shown. Wherein the surge protection line pressure value P1And a current-limiting protection line pressure value P2If the inlet pressure value of the electric pile 8 of the air compressor 3 at the rotating speed is larger than the surge protection linear pressure value P working in the non-surge area at the rotating speed1Then, the opening of the electric control valve 61 of the channel is controlled until the pressure value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is less than the surge protection line pressure value P1And is greater than the pressure value P of the current-limiting protection line2Internal;
step two: regulating the flow of the inlet of the galvanic pile;
judging the relation between the current flow value of the galvanic pile inlet and the flow range required under the power;
and if the current electric pile inlet flow value is larger or smaller than the required flow range under the power, regulating the electric pile inlet flow until the electric pile inlet flow meets the required range.
Specifically, when the inlet pressure value of the fuel cell stack is not in the pressure range required under the power, whether the inlet pressure value of the stack is larger or smaller than the pressure range required under the power is judged firstly.
Calculating the surge protection linear pressure value P of the air compressor 3 working in the non-surge area at the rotating speed1Comparing whether the pressure value of the inlet of the electric pile of the air compressor 3 is smaller than the surge protection line pressure value P in the non-surge area or not at the rotating speed1。
If the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor at the rotating speed is larger than the surge protection line pressure value P at the rotating speed1And then inputting the opening of the electric control valve into a BP-PID module until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile is less than P1And is greater than P2。
If the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor at the rotating speed is smaller than the pressure P of the current-limiting protection line at the rotating speed2When the pressure is input into the BP-PID module, the opening of the electric control valve is reduced to be adjusted until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile is smaller than P1And is greater than P2。
In particular, it is further necessary to judge the electric control valve 61If the air compressor reaches the upper limit or the lower limit of the opening degree, the rotating speed of the air compressor 3 is reduced or increased, and due to the change of the rotating speed of the high-altitude air compressor 3, the air compressor needs to enter a cycle adjusting stage according to a new working state, and the rotating speed of the air compressor 3 is adjusted for multiple times according to needs, so that the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor 3 at the rotating speed meets the requirement range of the electric pile 8 at the power. If the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor 3 at the current rotating speed is greater than the surge protection line pressure value P1At the moment, the input BP-PID module increases the opening of the electric control valve 61 to the maximum, and still the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor 3 at the current rotating speed is not more than the surge protection line pressure value P1If so, reporting the system fault and stopping operation.
Step three: adjusting the rotating speed of an air compressor;
judging whether the inlet pressure value of the electric pile reaches the adjustable upper limit or the adjustable lower limit of the system or not at the current rotating speed of the air compressor 3;
if the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile reaches the adjustable upper limit or lower limit of the system, reducing or improving the rotating speed of the air compressor, and repeatedly adjusting the air supply working condition until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile meets the required range of the galvanic pile power under the condition that the rotating speed of the air compressor is adjusted
If the flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is larger than the required flow range under the power, regulating signals are input from the BP-PID module to increase the opening of the bypass electric control valve until the flow Q of the inlet of the galvanic pile is metα。
Specifically, if the flow value of the inlet of the stack is larger than the required flow range under the power, a signal is adjusted from the input BP-PID module, so that the opening of the bypass electronic control valve 62 is increased until the inlet flow of the fuel cell meets the required range.
If the current inlet flow value of the galvanic pile is smaller than the required flow range under the power, regulating signals are input from a BP-PID module to reduce the opening of the bypass electric control valve until the inlet flow Q of the fuel cell is metα。
Step four: circularly and progressively adjusting;
and repeating the first step to the third step, and adjusting the air supply working condition until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile of the air compressor meets the range required by the galvanic pile power under the condition of adjusting the rotating speed. And (4) repeatedly adjusting the air supply working condition until the pressure value of the inlet of the electric pile 8 meets the range required by the electric pile power when the air compressor 3 adjusts the rotating speed.
For the anti-surge fuel cell air supply device in the embodiment, specifically, the inlet pressure value of the electric pile 8 at the rotating speed of the air compressor is larger than the surge protection linear pressure value P in the non-surge region at the rotating speed1When the pressure value is not in the surge protection line pressure value P in the surge region, the BP-PID module is input to increase the opening degree of the bypass valve 62 until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile 8 is in the non-surge region1And (4) the following steps.
If the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor at the rotating speed is smaller than the pressure value P of the current-limiting protection line working in the non-surge region at the rotating speed2When the pressure value is not in the surge area, the BP-PID module is input to reduce the opening of the bypass valve 62 for regulation until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile 8 is in the current-limiting protection line pressure value P2And (4) inside.
An anti-surge fuel cell air supply system, the system comprising:
the data module is used for calculating the required air flow and pressure under the electric pile required power and the actual air flow demand according to the electric pile current X and the electric pile oxygen passing ratio gamma, and comparing and judging the real-time states of the air flow, the pressure and the air compressor rotating speed;
the instruction control module is used for issuing a control instruction and adjusting the air flow at the inlet of the electric pile and/or the rotating speed of the air compressor;
and the BP neural network module is used for coupling air flow, pressure and air compressor rotating speed parameters, processing the parameters and then sending a control signal to the instruction control module.
The air supply system also comprises a coupling module and a decoupling module, wherein the coupling module is used for processing working condition parameters of the air supply system; the decoupling module is used for distributing system adjusting instructions.
The anti-surge fuel cell air supply system is also provided with an opening degree feedback device, the opening degree feedback device feeds back to the instruction control module according to the continuously adjustable maximum opening degree, and the instruction control module selectively sends an adjusting instruction according to the maximum controllable quantity of the system.
If the opening feedback device detects that the air supply system reaches the continuously adjustable maximum opening, namely the electric control valve 61 and/or the bypass valve 62 reaches the maximum flow control range, the instruction control module selects to send an adjustment instruction according to the maximum controllable amount of the system, and specifically, when the electric control valve 61 reaches the maximum opening and the system cannot increase and adjust, the instruction control module sends a system fault instruction; when the bypass valve 62 reaches the maximum opening and cannot be increased and adjusted, the instruction control module sends an instruction for reducing the rotating speed of the air compressor 3, and the repeated judgment and adjustment are carried out according to the rotating speed of the adjusted air compressor 3 until the system meets the non-surge working condition of the air compressor or a system fault instruction occurs.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-surge fuel cell air supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the anti-surge fuel cell air supply device includes an air filter 1, an air compressor 3, an intercooler 5, a humidifier 7, and an electric control valve 61, which are sequentially connected, wherein a first flow meter 21 is disposed between the air filter 1 and the air compressor 3, a first temperature and pressure sensor 41 is disposed between the air compressor 3 and the intercooler 5, the electric control valve 61 and the intercooler 5 are connected by a bypass and are provided with a bypass valve 62, and a second flow meter 22 is disposed between the intercooler 5 and the bypass valve 62;
the inlet end of the galvanic pile 8 is provided with a second temperature and pressure sensor 42, and the outlet end of the galvanic pile 8 is provided with a third temperature and pressure sensor 43.
The first flowmeter 21 is used for measuring the air flow at the inlet end of the air compressor 3, and the second flowmeter 22 is used for measuring the air flow of the bypass valve 62; the first warm-pressure sensor 41, the second warm-pressure sensor 42 and the third warm-pressure sensor 43 are used to measure the temperature and pressure of the air in their corresponding passages.
The first flow meter 21 and/or the second flow meter 22 is a differential pressure type flow meter, which is one of a rotor flow meter, a throttling type flow meter, a slit flow meter, a volume flow meter, an electromagnetic flow meter and an ultrasonic flow meter.
One of an electrically controlled valve 61 and/or a bypass valve 62 direct-acting solenoid valve, a step-by-step direct-acting solenoid valve, or a pilot operated solenoid valve. The electric control valve 61 is a tail exhaust main valve, the bypass valve 62 is a tail exhaust branch control valve, and the bypass valve 62 controls the flow in the branch pipe.
The electric control valve 61 is a main valve of a stack tail gas discharge pipeline and controls the size of tail gas discharge total flow. When the electrically controlled valve 61 decreases or increases the opening of the valve, it will affect the pressure and flow of each branch gas path, including the bypass valve 62 and the stack, and thus has the multi-dimensional and multi-parameter regulation characteristics of the load.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of an air supply control method of a fuel cell in the embodiment of the invention, the adjustment flow in the embodiment is as follows:
s1, calculating the required power of the fuel cell stack;
s2, calculating air flow Q and pressure P required by the galvanic pile;
s3, calculating the surge protection linear pressure value P of the current working condition of the air compressor1；
S4, comparing whether the current pile inlet pressure is less than the surge protection line pressure value P1If yes, the next step S5 is performed, otherwise, S8 is performed;
s5, judging whether the current inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile is in the current required pressure range, if so, carrying out the next step S6, and if not, carrying out the step S11;
s6, judging whether the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is in the current required flow range, if so, carrying out the next step S7, and if not, carrying out the step S15;
s7, the air compressor keeps the current working state, the electric control valve 61 and the bypass valve 62 keep the current working state
S8, inputting a BP-PID module to adjust the opening of the electric control valve 61;
s9, judging whether the opening of the electric control valve 61 reaches the upper limit or not, if so, carrying out the next step S10, and if not, returning to the step S4;
s10, the system fails, and the operation is ended;
s11, judging whether the inlet pressure of the galvanic pile is larger than the current required pressure, if so, carrying out the next step S12, and if not, carrying out the step S14;
s12, judging whether the current opening degree of the electric control valve 61 reaches the upper limit, if so, carrying out the next step S13, if not, inputting the opening degree of the electric control valve 61 to a BP-PID module to increase, and returning to the step S5
S13, inputting the data to a BP-PID module to reduce the rotating speed of the air compressor, and returning to the step S3;
s14, judging whether the current electric control valve 61 reaches the lower limit, if so, inputting the electric control valve into a BP-PID module to increase the rotating speed of the air compressor, returning to the step S3, otherwise, inputting the electric control valve into the BP-PID module to reduce the opening of the electric control valve 61, and returning to the step S5;
s15, judging whether the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is larger than the required flow, if so, performing S16, and if not, performing S19;
s16, inputting a BP-PID module to increase the opening of the bypass valve 62;
s17, judging whether the bypass valve 62 reaches the upper limit, if yes, proceeding to the next step S18, otherwise, proceeding to the step S5;
s18, inputting the data to a BP-PID module to reduce the rotating speed of the air compressor, and returning to the step S3;
s19, inputting the BP-PID module to reduce the opening of the bypass valve 62;
and S20, judging whether the bypass valve 62 reaches the lower limit, if so, inputting the bypass valve into a BP-PID module to increase the rotating speed of the air compressor, returning to the step S3, and if not, returning to the step S6.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and so forth) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art.
Claims (9)
1. The air supply control method of the anti-surge fuel cell is characterized in that the rotating speed W of the air compressor and the surge protection line pressure value P1Current limiting protection line pressure value P2In which P is1=fW2+ gW + h, wherein P2=iW2+ jW + k, where f, g, h, i, j and k are constant coefficients of compressor surge fitting curve respectively, and when the inlet pressure value of the electric pile is not corresponding to P1And P2Controlling the opening of the electric control valve to adjust the inlet pressure value of the electric pile in the working area of the air compressor;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the required power of the fuel cell stack;
s2, calculating air flow Q and pressure P required by the galvanic pile;
s3, calculating the surge protection line pressure value P of the current working condition of the air compressor1；
S4, comparing whether the current electric pile inlet pressure is less than the surge protection line pressure value P1If yes, go to the next step S5, otherwise, go to S8;
s5, judging whether the current inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile is in the current required pressure range, if so, carrying out the next step S6, and if not, carrying out the step S11;
s6, judging whether the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is in the current required flow range, if so, carrying out the next step S7, and if not, carrying out the step S15;
s7, keeping the current working state of the air compressor, and keeping the current working state of the electric control valve (61) and the bypass valve (62);
s8, inputting a BP-PID module to adjust the opening of the electric control valve (61);
s9, judging whether the opening of the current electric control valve (61) reaches the upper limit, if so, carrying out the next step S10, and if not, returning to the step S4;
s10, the system fails, and the operation is ended;
s11, judging whether the inlet pressure of the galvanic pile is larger than the current required pressure, if so, carrying out the next step S12, and if not, carrying out the step S14;
s12, judging whether the opening of the electric control valve (61) reaches the upper limit or not, if yes, carrying out the next step S13, if not, inputting the opening of the electric control valve (61) to a BP-PID module, and returning to the step S5;
s13, inputting the BP-PID module to reduce the rotating speed of the air compressor, and returning to the step S3;
s14, judging whether the current electric control valve (61) reaches the lower limit, if so, inputting the current electric control valve into a BP-PID module to increase the rotating speed of the air compressor, returning to the step S3, otherwise, inputting the current electric control valve into the BP-PID module to reduce the opening of the electric control valve (61), and returning to the step S5;
s15, judging whether the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is larger than the required flow, if so, performing S16, and if not, performing S19;
s16, inputting a BP-PID module to increase the opening of the bypass valve (62);
s17, judging whether the bypass valve (62) reaches the upper limit, if yes, proceeding to the next step S18, if not, proceeding to the step S5;
s18, inputting the BP-PID module to reduce the rotating speed of the air compressor, and returning to the step S3;
s19, inputting the BP-PID module to reduce the opening of the bypass valve (62);
and S20, judging whether the bypass valve (62) reaches the lower limit, if so, inputting the bypass valve into a BP-PID module to increase the rotating speed of the air compressor, returning to the step S3, and if not, returning to the step S6.
2. An anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method according to claim 1, characterized by:
if the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor at the rotating speed is larger than the surge protection line pressure value P at the rotating speed1When the pressure is higher than the preset value, the BP-PID module is input to increase the opening of the electric control valve (61) until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile is less than P1And is greater than P2(ii) a If the inlet pressure value of the electric pile of the air compressor at the rotating speed is smaller than the pressure P of the current-limiting protection line at the rotating speed2When the pressure is needed, the opening of the electric control valve (61) is reduced by inputting the BP-PID module for regulation until the inlet pressure value of the galvanic pile is less than P1And is greater than P2。
3. An anti-surge fuel cell air supply control method according to claim 1, wherein:
if the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is larger than the flow range required under the power, regulating signals are input from a BP-PID module, so that the opening degree of the bypass electric control valve is increased until the inlet flow of the galvanic pile is met; and if the current flow value of the inlet of the galvanic pile is smaller than the flow range required under the power, regulating signals are input into a BP-PID module, so that the opening degree of the bypass electric control valve is reduced until the inlet flow of the fuel cell is met.
4. An anti-surge fuel cell air supply system based on the method of claim 1, said system comprising:
the data module is used for calculating the required air flow and pressure under the electric pile demand power and the actual air flow demand according to the electric pile current X and the electric pile oxygen passing ratio gamma, and comparing and judging the real-time states of the air flow, the pressure and the air compressor rotating speed;
the instruction control module is used for issuing a control instruction and adjusting the air flow at the inlet of the electric pile and/or the rotating speed of the air compressor;
and the BP neural network module is used for coupling air flow, pressure and air compressor rotating speed parameters, processing the parameters and then sending a control signal to the instruction control module.
5. An anti-surge fuel cell air supply system according to claim 4, wherein:
the air supply system also comprises a coupling module and a decoupling module, wherein the coupling module is used for processing working condition parameters of the air supply system; the decoupling module is used for distributing system adjusting instructions.
6. An anti-surge fuel cell air supply system according to claim 4, wherein: the system is provided with an opening degree feedback device, the opening degree feedback device feeds back to the instruction control module according to the continuously adjustable maximum opening degree, and the instruction control module selects to send an adjusting instruction according to the maximum controllable quantity of the system.
7. An anti-surge fuel cell air supply apparatus based on the method of claim 1, wherein: the device comprises an air filter (1), an air compressor (3), an intercooler (5), a humidifier (7) and an electric control valve (61) which are sequentially communicated, wherein a first flow meter (21) is arranged between the air filter (1) and the air compressor (3), a first warm-pressure sensor (41) is arranged between the air compressor (3) and the intercooler (5), the electric control valve (61) and the intercooler (5) are communicated through a bypass and are provided with a bypass valve (62), and a second flow meter (22) is arranged between the intercooler (5) and the bypass valve (62); the electric control valve (61) is a tail exhaust main valve, and the bypass valve (62) is a tail exhaust branch control valve; the inlet end of the galvanic pile (8) is provided with a second temperature and pressure sensor (42), and the outlet end of the galvanic pile (8) is provided with a third temperature and pressure sensor (43).
8. An anti-surge fuel cell air supply apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the first flow meter (21) is used for measuring the air flow at the inlet end of the air compressor (3), and the second flow meter (22) is used for measuring the air flow of the bypass valve (62); the first temperature and pressure sensor (41), the second temperature and pressure sensor (42) and the third temperature and pressure sensor (43) are used for measuring the temperature and the pressure of the air in the corresponding passages.
9. An anti-surge fuel cell air supply apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the first flowmeter (21) and/or the second flowmeter (22) is/are differential pressure type flowmeter and is/are one of a rotor flowmeter, a throttling flowmeter, a slit flowmeter, a volume flowmeter, an electromagnetic flowmeter and an ultrasonic flowmeter; the electric control valve (61) and/or the bypass valve (62) is one of a direct-acting solenoid valve, a step-by-step direct-acting solenoid valve or a pilot-operated solenoid valve.
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