CN1163568A - 9-脱氧前列腺素衍生物治疗青光眼的用途 - Google Patents
9-脱氧前列腺素衍生物治疗青光眼的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1163568A CN1163568A CN95195340A CN95195340A CN1163568A CN 1163568 A CN1163568 A CN 1163568A CN 95195340 A CN95195340 A CN 95195340A CN 95195340 A CN95195340 A CN 95195340A CN 1163568 A CN1163568 A CN 1163568A
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- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CUXQLKLUPGTTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M microcosmic salt Chemical compound [NH4+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O CUXQLKLUPGTTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JLFNLZLINWHATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO JLFNLZLINWHATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001993 poloxamer 188 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008389 polyethoxylated castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sodium tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ODLHGICHYURWBS-LKONHMLTSA-N trappsol cyclo Chemical compound CC(O)COC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)COCC(O)C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1COCC(C)O ODLHGICHYURWBS-LKONHMLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MDYZKJNTKZIUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyloxapol Chemical compound O=C.C1CO1.CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 MDYZKJNTKZIUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
- A61K31/5575—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins having a cyclopentane, e.g. prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2-alpha
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- C07C405/0008—Analogues having the carboxyl group in the side-chains replaced by other functional groups
- C07C405/0016—Analogues having the carboxyl group in the side-chains replaced by other functional groups containing only hydroxy, etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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Abstract
公开了可用于治疗青光眼和高眼压的9-脱氧前列腺素。其中的一些9-脱氧前列腺素是新的。还公开了含有这些前列腺素的眼用药物组合物。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及用环戊烷衍生物对青光眼及高眼压的治疗,所述环戊烷衍生物是通称为前列腺素的天然化合物的类似物。具体地讲,本发明涉及9-脱氧PGF2α类似物及其可药用的盐、酯和酰胺衍生物用于治疗青光眼和高眼压的用途。若无相反指示,本文所用的术语“前列腺素”和“PG”指前列腺素及其衍生物和类似物。
已知将天然前列腺素,包括F系列(例如PGF2α)、E系列(例如PGE2α)和D系列(例如PGD2α)的前列腺素,对眼睛局部滴注后可降低眼内压(IOP),但会引起显著的炎症反应(表现为结膜水肿)或其它副作用(如结膜充血)。已对许多合成前列腺素进行了降低眼内压的研究,但这些化合物同样会造成前述的副作用,从而大大限制了它们的临床应用。Stjernschantz等(US5321128)、Woodward等(US5093329)、Chan等(WO92/08465)和Ueno等(EP330511A2)进行了在保留降低眼内压效果的同时选择性地降低或完全消除副作用的尝试。
Stjernschantz等的公开内容特别令人感兴趣,它指出,某些保留了天然前列腺素(PGA、PGB、PGD、PGE、PGF)的特征性脂肪环并且在ω链上进行了修饰的前列腺素保留了天然前列腺素的降低眼内压的活性而副作用较少。
所有已知可降低眼内压的天然前列腺素,包括F系列(例如PGF2α)、E系列(例如PGE2)和D系列(例如PGD2)的前列腺素,均在9-位有氧取代,或者是羟基,或者是酮。所有已知可降低眼内压的合成前列腺素也在9-位有取代基,这表明9-位的取代对于活性非常重要。Garst等(WO94/08587和WO 94/06432)记载了一系列保留了降低眼内压活性的11-脱氧前列腺素衍生物,进一步说明了9-位取代基的重要性。这些前列腺素衍生物保留了天然前列腺素的9-羟基基团,表明该功能基为治疗效果所必需。
发明概述
一系列9-脱氧PGF2α衍生物表现出可以与FP前列腺素受体结合并刺激与FP受体激活有关的第二信使的表达。具体地讲,一系列9-脱氧PGF2α衍生物可以用于降低眼内压及治疗青光眼而表现出较少的副作用,例如与天然前列腺素的眼部应用有关的眼炎和结膜水肿。发明详述本发明所用的9-脱氧前列腺素衍生物具有通式(I)的结构:其中:
Y=C(O)NR1R2、CH2OR3、CH2NR1R2、CO2R1、CO2M,其中
M是盐的阳离子部分;
R1,R2(相同或不同)=H、C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
R,R3(相同或不同)=C(O)R4、H;
R4=C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
X=O、S(O)n、CH2;
n=0、1、或2;
A=CH2CH2、顺式或反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
Z=CH2CH2、反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
W=(CH2)m芳基、(CH2)mO芳基,其中m=1-6并且芳基=苯基,且可被卤素、羟基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、氨基或酰氨基任意取代;或W=其中V=H、烷基、卤素、羟基、烷氧基、丙烯酰氧基、卤代烷基、氨基、酰氨基,并且L=CH2、O、S(O)m、CH2CH2、CH2O、NR、CH=N、CH2S(O)m、CH=CH、CH2NR,其中m=0-2并且R如上所定义(此后为“所述的双环”)
优选的结构式(I)的化合物是如下一些化合物,其中:Y=CO2R1;R1=CH(CH)3CH3或H;X=CH2;A=顺式CH=CH;R=H;Z=CH2CH2、或反式CH=CH;W=(CH2)m芳基、或(CH2)mO芳基,其中m=1-3并且芳基=苯基,且可被CF3、Cl、F、或OMe任意取代;或W=W2,其中L=CH2并且V=H。
一些结构式(I)的化合物是新的。这些新化合物是如下一些结构式(I)的化合物,其中:Y=C(O)NR1R2、CH2OR3、或CH2NR1R2;R1,R2(相同或不同)=H、C1-C6烷基、或C3-C6环烷基;R,R3(相同或不同)=H、C(O)R4;R4=C1-C6烷基、或C3-C6环烷基;X=O、S(O)n、CH2;n=0、1、或2;A=CH2CH2、顺式或反式CH=CH、或C≡C;Z=CH2CH2、反式CH=CH、或C≡C;W=(CH2)m芳基或(CH2)mO芳基;m=1-6;并且芳基=苯基,且可被卤素、羟基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、氨基或酰氨基任意取代。
优选的新的9-脱氧PGF2α衍生物包括如下一些结构式(I)的化合物,其中:Y=CH2OR3、或C(O)NR1R2;R1,R2=H或Me;R3=C(O)R4;R4=C(CH3)3;X=CH2;A=顺式CH=CH;R=H;Z=CH2CH2、反式CH=CH;W=(CH2)m芳基或(CH2)mO芳基,其中m=1-3并且芳基=苯基,且可被CF3、Cl、或F任意取代。还优选如下的结构式(I)的新的9-脱氧PGF2α衍生物,其中:Y=CO2R1;X=CH2;A=顺式CH=CH;R=H;R1=CH(CH3)2;Z=CH2CH2、或反式CH=CH;W=W2,其中L=CH2并且V=H。
已转让给帝国化学工业公司(ICI)的GB1539368记载了本发明所用类型的脂肪环修饰的前列腺素衍生物;但是,在ICI专利中公开的9-脱氧PGF类似物是用于抑制胃酸的产生,或是对哺乳动物的引产有效。在此将该ICI专利中对这些化合物的制备和药理学的概述引入本文作为参考。
结构式(I)的化合物可以通过对GB 1539368中公开的合成路线进行适当的改变来制备。这些改变对本领域技术人员是公知的。仅以说明为目的,下述实施例1-4是本发明的化合物的代表性合成。
下表1列出了下述实施例中提到的本发明的化合物。
在下述实施例1-4中,使用如下标准缩写:g=克(mg=毫克);mol=摩尔(mmol=毫摩尔);mL=毫升;mmHg=毫米汞柱;mp=熔点;bp=沸点;h=小时;min=分钟。另外,“NMR”指核磁共振波谱,“CIMS”指化学电离质谱。
将甲基膦酸二甲酯(26mL,0.23mol)在500mL无水THF中的溶液冷却至-78℃,滴加n-BuLi(2.5M的己烷溶液,110mL,0.27mol),控制滴加速度使反应温度保持在-60℃以下。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌10分钟,然后滴加3-苯基丙酸乙酯(35.2g,0.19mol)在60mLTHF中的溶液,同时保持反应温度在-60℃以下。将得到的混合物在-78℃搅拌30分钟,然后升至室温(2h)并在该温度下搅拌19小时。小心地加入冰醋酸(18mL)终止反应,然后倒入CH2Cl2/H2O(各200mL)。分出有机层,水层用CH2Cl2提取(2×200mL)。合并有机层,依次用水(100mL)和盐水(100mL)洗涤并干燥(MgSO4)。过滤并蒸除溶剂,得到57.4g(93%粗产率)黄色液体状的2。该产物不经纯化直接使用。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.24(m,5H),3.74(d,J=12.0Hz,6H),3.00(d,J=22.4Hz,2H),2.92(m,4H)。B:(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(苯甲酰氧基)-4-[(E)-3-羰基-5-苯基-1-戊烯基]-六氢-2H-环戊并lb]呋喃-2-酮(3):
将膦酸酯2(22.2g,84mmol)和LiCl(3.0g,75mmol)的无水THF(180mL)溶液冷却至0℃并加入三乙胺(9.6mL,69mmol)。形成白色悬浮液。向其中滴加醛1(16.5g,60mmol)的CH2Cl2(50mL)溶液并将得到的混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时。加入20mL 0.1N HCl溶液终止反应,并将混合物在100mLEtOAc和50ml水之间进行分配。分出有机层,水层用2×100mL EtOAc提取。合并有机层,用50mL盐水洗涤并干燥(MgSO2)。蒸除溶剂得到黄色固体,将其用EtOAc重结晶得到15g(60%)白色固体状的3,mp119-120℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.96(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.44(m,3H),7.24(m,5H),6.65(dd,J=12,6Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=12Hz,1H),5.32(m,1H),5.09(m,1H),2.93-2.82(m,7H),2.70-2.22(m,3H)。C:(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(苯甲酰氧基)-4-[(E)-(3S)-3-羟基-5-苯基-1-戊烯基]-六氢-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(4):
将3(14.4g,34.7mmol)在150mL无水THF中的溶液冷却至-23℃,并向其中滴加(-)-B-氯二异松蒎基甲硼烷[(-)-DIP-Cl](16.7g,52mmol)在100mL无水THF中的溶液。将该混合物在-23℃搅拌4小时,然后加入20mL CH3OH终止反应。将得到的溶液升至室温并在该温度下搅拌14小时。将反应混合物倒入200mLCH2Cl2/100mL水中。分出有机层,水层用CH2Cl2(3×50mL)提取。将合并的有机提取液用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(2×50mL)洗涤并干燥(MgSO4)。过滤并蒸除溶剂得到无色液体,将其通过一段短的硅胶柱以除去非极性烃杂质。分离得到白色固体状的4和其非对映的烯丙醇异构体(经HPLC测得比例为94∶6)的混合物(13.4g,92%总产率)。将该混合物进行硅胶色谱分离,得到7.0g纯净的蜡状固体4(Rf=0.18,50%EtOAc/己烷;在同一溶剂系统中,较少的非对映体的Rf为0.16)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.97(d,J=6Hz,2H),7.40(m,3H),7.16(m,5H),5.64(m,2H),5.25(m,1H),5.06(m,1H),4.15(m,1H),2.95-2.50(m,7H),2.20(m,1H),1.80(m,3H)。D:(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)六氢-4-[(E)-(3S)-5-苯基-3-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-1-戊烯基]-5-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(6):
将内酯4(6.46g,15.5mmol)和K2CO3(2.14g,15.5mmol)在60mLCH3OH中的溶液在室温下搅拌6小时。将反应混合物倒入100mL 1N HCl中并用EtOAc(5×50ml)充分提取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩,将粗产物的混合物通过一段短的硅胶柱进行纯化(Rf=0.25,EtOAc),得到4.11g二羟基化合物5。
将5(4.11g,13.1mmol)和二氢吡喃(5.0ml,52.6mmol)的CH2Cl2(50mL)溶液冷却至0℃。加入催化量的p-TsOH(0.02g,0.1mmol)并将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,然后加入饱和的NaHCO3水溶液(10mL)终止反应。分出有机层,水层用2×25mL CH2Cl2提取。将合并的有机提取液干燥(K2CO3)、过滤并浓缩,得到的无色油进行硅胶色谱分离(Rf=0.31,50%EtOAc/己烷)。分离得到无色油状的双-THF醚6(6.44g,以4计算产率为86%)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ(仅给出特征峰)7.20(m,5H),5.58(m,2H),4.95(m,1H),4.65(m,2H),3.46(m,2H)。E:(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)六氢-4-[(3R)-5-苯基-3-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)戊基]-5-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(7):
将内酯6(6.44g,13.4mmol)在50mL EtOAc中的溶液在Parr氢化器中、在10%Pd/碳(0.15g)的存在下于40psi氢化4小时。将反应混合物用硅藻土过滤并将滤液浓缩,得到无色油状的7(6.5g,99%产率)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ(仅给出特征峰)7.22(m,5H),5.00(m,1H),4.76(m,2H),3.52(m,2H)。F:(9S,11R,15R)-11,15-二-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-2,3,4,5,6,18,19,20-八去甲-17-苯基-9-(三乙基甲硅烷基氧)前列腺烷醇三乙甲基硅烷基醚(9):
将内酯7(6.5g,13.4mmol)溶于100mL无水THF,并将该溶液滴加到冷的(0℃)氢化锂铝(1.5g,40.2mmol)的100mLTHF悬浮液中。将反应混合物缓慢升至室温并在该温度下搅拌14小时。将混合物冷却至0℃,并依次加入1.5mLH2O、1.5mL 15%NaOH水溶液和4.5mLH2O终止反应。将得到的悬浮液升至室温并滤过无水MgSO4垫。将滤饼用EtOAc充分洗涤。将滤液蒸发得到5.59g无色油状二醇8(Rf=0.26,EtOAc)。
将二醇8(5.59g,11.5mmol)、三乙胺(9.6mL,69mmol)、三乙基氯硅烷(5.84mL,34.5mmol)和N,N-二甲氨基吡啶(0.1g,0.83mmol)在200mLCH2Cl2中的溶液在室温下搅拌12小时。将反应混合物倒入100mL H2O中,分出有机层并将水层用2×25mL CH2Cl2提取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩,得到的黄色液体进行硅胶色谱分离(Rf=0.25,10%EtOAc/己烷)。得到淡黄色油状二甲硅烷基醚9(8.44g,以7计算产率为88%)。G:(9S,11R,15R)-11,15-二-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-2,3,4,5,6,18,19,20-八去甲-17-苯基-9-(三乙基硅烷基氧)前列腺醛(proStanal)(10):
在氮气下,将草酰氯(2.7mL,29.5mmol)在无水CH2Cl2(20mL)中的溶液冷却至-78℃并滴加DMSO(4.1mL,59.0mmol)的CH2Cl2(5mL)溶液。3分钟后,向反应混合物中滴加9(8.49g,11.8mmol)在25mL CH2Cl2中的溶液。将得到的混合物在-78℃搅拌3小时,在此期间内加入三乙胺(8.2mL,59.0mmol),并将生成的浆料在15分钟内升至室温。将反应混合物在100mLEtOAc和25mL水之间进行分配。水层用50mL EtOAc提取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤并用MgSO4干燥。过滤并浓缩得到黄色油,将其进行硅酸色谱分离(Rf=0.53,30%EtOAc/己烷),得到淡黄色油状的10(8.0g,99%产率)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ(仅给出特征峰)9.80(s,1H),7.24(m,5H),4.62(m,2H),0.89(变形的t,9H),0.57(变形的q,6H)。H:(5Z)-(9S,11R,15R)-11,15-二-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-2,3,4,18,19,20-六去甲-17-苯基-9-(三乙基甲硅烷基氧)-5-前列腺酸甲酯(11):
在氮气下,将18-冠-6(10.6g,40.2mmol)、(甲氧羰基甲基)膦酸二(2,2,2-三氟乙基)酯(4.7g,14.7mmol)的无水THF(10mL)溶液冷却至-78℃。向上述混合物中加入二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钾(0.5M的甲苯溶液,29.4mL,14.7mmol),并将混合物搅拌15分钟。在15分钟的时间内滴加醛10(8.0g,13.4mmol)在50mL THF中的溶液。将得到的混合物在-78℃搅拌1.5小时,然后在30分钟的时间内升温至0℃。在0℃下,用饱和的NH4Cl水溶液(100mL)终止反应,并将混合物升至室温。分出有机层并将水层用2×50mLEtOAc提取。将合并的有机层用2×50mL盐水洗涤并干燥(MgSO4)。过滤并蒸除溶剂得到黄色淤浆,将其通过一段短的硅胶柱后得到11和其E异构体的混合物(比例为9∶1,8.1g,93%总产率)。将异构体用硅胶色谱分离(对于11和较少的异构体,Rf分别为0.58和0.54,30%EtOAc/己烷),得到4.32g纯净的11。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ(仅给出特征峰)7.25(m,5H),6.42(m,1H),5.78(d,J=11Hz,1H),4.65(m,2H),3.68(s,3H),0.93(变形的t,9H),0.58(变形的q,6H)。I:(5Z)-(9S,11R,15R)-11,15-二-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-2,3,4,18,19,20-六去甲-9-羟基-17-苯基-5-前列腺-1-醇(13):
将11(4.32g,6.6mmol)在50mL无水THF中的溶液冷却至0℃并加入DIBAL-H(1.5M的甲苯溶液,13.2mL,19.8mmol)。将得到的混合物在同样的温度下搅拌2小时。小心地加入100mL酒石酸钠钾的饱和水溶液终止反应。将得到的两相混合物剧烈搅拌1小时。分出有机层并将水层用3×50mLEtOAc提取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩,得到4.23g(定量产率)无色液体状12(Rf=0.33,30%EtOAc/己烷)。
在室温下,将烯丙醇12(0.63g,1.0mmol)在5.0mL THF中的溶液用氟化四丁基铵(1.0M的THF溶液,1.5mL,1.5mmol)处理5分钟。将反应混合物倒入盐水(10mL)中,水层用乙醚(4×10mL)提取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩。粗品经硅胶色谱纯化(Rf=0.15,50%EtOAc/己烷),得到无色油状13(0.48g,93%产率)。J:(5Z)-(9S,11R,15R)-11,15-二-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-9-羟基-3-氧杂-17-苯基-18,19,20-三去甲-5-前列腺烯酸异丙酯(14):
将二醇13(0.48g,0.93mmol)、甲苯(5mL)、硫酸氢四丁基铵(30mg,0.08mmol)、和NaOH水溶液(25%w/v,5mL)的两相混合物在剧烈搅拌下冷却至0℃。向该混合物中滴加溴乙酸异丙酯(0.5g,2.8mmol)。将该混合物在0℃搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下搅拌30分钟。此刻分出有机层并将水层用10mL甲苯提取。将合并的有机层用水、盐水(各5mL)洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩。粗品混合物经硅胶色谱分离(Rf=0.45,50%EtOAc/己烷)得到无色油状14(0.37g,65%产率)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ(仅给出特征峰)7.25(m,5H),5.72(m,2H),5.14(变形的七重峰,1H),4.63(m,2H),3.48(m,2H),1.25(d,J=6Hz,6H)。K:(5Z)-(9R,11R,15R)-11,15-二羟基-9-碘代-3-氧杂-17-苯基-18,19,20-三去甲-5-前列腺酸异丙酯(15):
将酯14(0.265g,0.433mmol)的无水吡啶溶液(2.0mL)冷却至0℃,向其中滴加甲磺酰氯(0.07mL,0.866mmol)。将得到的混合物在0℃保持30分钟,然后升温至环境温度(2小时)。此刻将反应液通过套管转移至含有碘化四丁基铵(0.79g,2.16mmol)的甲苯(5.0ml)悬浮液的烧瓶中,并将生成的溶液在60℃下加热3小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至室温,并在乙酸乙酯(100mL)和10%的NaHSO4(50mL)溶液之间进行分配。将有机层用饱和的CuSO4(2×10mL)洗涤、干燥(Na2SO4)、过滤并浓缩。黄色的液体粗品用于下一步反应。
将前面得到粗品混合物溶于20mL甲醇和0.5mL水中,冷却至0℃并加入1.0mL浓HCl。将混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,然后再在室温下搅拌30分钟。然后加入固体NaHCO3终止反应,并将反应液转移至含有CHCl3和水各20mL的分液漏斗中。分出有机层,并将水层用3×20mL CHCl3提取。将合并的有机层用2×10mL水、10mL盐水洗涤并干燥(Na2SO4)。过滤和浓缩后,将残余物粗品通过硅胶色谱进行纯化。分离得到无色油状所需产物15(32mg,以14计算产率为11%)(Rf=0.3,60%EtOAc/己烷)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.30-7.17(m,5H),5.68(m,2H),5.09(七重峰,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.32-3.95(m,6H),3.68(m,1H),2.75(m,2H),2.36(m,3H),2.20(m,3H),1.83-1.35(m,8H),1.24(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);13C-NMR(CDCl3)δ170.26,142.08,131.78,128.40,128.35,126.77,125.81,75.73,70.55,68.81,67.66,66.66,61.19,54.17,51.09,44.43,39.09,34.81,32.20,30.19,29.73,21.79.L:(5Z)-(11R,15R)-11,15-二羟基-3-氧杂-17-苯基-18,19,20-三去甲-5-前列腺烯酸异丙酯(II):
向碘代酯15(32mg,0.05mmol)和AIBN(10mg)的1.0mL无水甲苯溶液中加入Bu3SnH(0.03g,0.10mmol)。将得到的混合物加热回流3小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,蒸除溶剂,残余物通过硅胶色谱进行纯化。分离得到无色油状化合物II(22mg,95%产率)(Rr=0.23,60%EtOAc/己烷)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.29-7.17(m,5H),5.72(m,2H),5.10(七重峰,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.00(m,4H),3.92(m,1H),3.69(m,1H),2.75(m,2H),2.22(m,1H),2.08(m,1H),1.98-1.31(m,14H),1.27(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);13C-NMR(CDCl3)δ170.06,142.14,134.43,128.38,126.53,125.79,79.10,72.00,71.34,68.48,67.17,53.30,44.09,39.02,38.19,35.36,34.20,32.14,29.05,28.93,21.79;HRMS(MH)+:C25H39O5的计算值419.27975,实测值419.27920。
实施例2:9-脱氧-17-苯基PGF2α异丙酯的合成A:(5Z,13E)-(9S,11R,15S)-11,15-二-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-9-羟基-17-苯基-18,19,20-三去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸甲酯(17):
将内酯6(3.4g,7.08mmol)(参见实施例1)的干燥THF(50mL)溶液冷却至-78℃并向其中加入DIBAL-H(6.0mL,1.5M的甲苯溶液)。将混合物在-78℃搅拌15分钟,然后加入10mL甲醇终止反应。将得到的混合物升至室温,加入50mL酒石酸钠钾的饱和溶液并继续搅拌1小时。分出有机层,水层用2×20mL EtOAc洗涤。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4)、过滤并浓缩,得到3.2g乳醇16(定量产率)。产物混合物的粗品不经纯化直接用于下一步反应。
将溴化(4-羧丁基)三苯基磷(13.3g,30.0mmol)在THF(40mL)中的悬浮液冷却至0℃并用叔丁醇钾的THF溶液(60mL,1.0M的THF溶液)处理。将得到的混合物搅拌30分钟,加入乳醇16(3.2g,6.6mmol)的THF(20mL)溶液。将反应液升至室温并在该温度下搅拌12小时。将反应混合物倒入含有EtOAc和饱和NH4Cl各50mL的分液漏斗中。分出有机层,并将水层用2×20mL EtOAc洗涤。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4)、过滤并浓缩。将产物混合物粗品溶于CH2Cl2,冷却至0℃,然后用过量的重氮甲烷醚溶液处理。蒸除溶剂并将酯粗品上到硅胶柱上进行色谱分离。分离得到淡黄色油状的酯17(2.74g,以6计算产率为80%)(Rf=0.3,EtOAc/己烷1∶2)。B:(5Z,13E)-(9S,11R,15S)-11,15-二-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-17-苯基-9-对甲苯磺酰氧基-18,19,20-三去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸甲酯(18):
将含有酯17(2.74g,4.8mmol)和TsCl(3.66g,19.2mmol)在无水吡啶(40mL)中的溶液在0℃搅拌4小时,然后在室温下搅拌48小时。然后将反应混合物倒入200mL冰冷的水中并用4×30mL甲苯提取。将合并的有机层用2×50mL 1M的NaHSO4溶液和盐水洗涤。将有机相干燥(Na2SO4)、过滤并浓缩。产物粗品用硅胶色谱进行纯化。分离得到淡黄色油状的甲苯磺酸酯18(2.23g,65%产率)。C:(5Z,13E)-(9S,11R,15S)-11,15-二-乙酰氧基-17-苯基-9-对甲苯磺酰氧基-18,19,20-三去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸甲酯(19):
在室温下,将酯18(2.23g,3.08mmol)的干燥甲醇(40mL)溶液用醚合三氟化硼(2滴)处理30分钟。加入三乙胺(0.5mL),蒸除溶剂并将残余物溶于30mL苯中。向该溶液中加入100mg 4-二甲氨基吡啶、5.0mL三乙胺和3.0mL乙酸酐,并将得到的混合物在室温下搅拌5分钟。然后将反应液倒入EtOAc和水的两相混合物中终止反应。分出有机层并将水层用3×20mLEtOAc提取。将合并的有机层用饱和的NaHCO3溶液和盐水洗涤、Na2SO4干燥、过滤并浓缩。粗品经硅胶色谱分离(Rf=0.4,EtOAc/己烷1∶2)后得到无色油状二乙酸酯19(1.25g,64%产率)。D:(5Z,13E)-(9S,11R,15S)-11,15-二-乙酰氧基-9-氯-17-苯基-18,19,20-三去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸甲酯(20):
将甲苯磺酸酯19(1.25g,1.97mmol)和LiCl(1.7g,40mmol)的混合物在40mL丙酮中的溶液在室温下搅拌3天。蒸除溶剂并将残余物粗品在EtOAc和水各50m之间进行分配。有机层用盐水洗涤、干燥(Na2SO4)并浓缩。残余物粗品经硅胶色谱纯化后得到黄色油状的20(570mg,52%产率)。E:(5Z,13E)-(11R,15S)-11,15-二-乙酰氧基-17-苯基-18,19,20-三去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸甲酯(21):
在氮气下,将含有20(570mg,1.07mmol)、Bu3SnH(1.5mL,5.7mmol)和痕量AIBN的10mL干燥甲苯溶液在50℃加热3小时。然后蒸除溶剂,将残余物溶于150mL CH3CN并用3×50mL己烷洗涤。将合并的己烷层用2×20mL CH3CN洗涤。合并乙腈层并蒸发,并将残余物上到硅胶色谱柱上进行纯化。分离得到无色油状的酯21(455mg,定量产率)。F:(5Z,13E)-(11R,15S)-11,15-二羟基-17-苯基-18,19,20-三去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸甲酯(22):
将21(455mg,0.99mmol)和K2CO3(200mg)的混合物的10mL甲醇溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。加水(10mL),用1N HCl溶液将反应液的pH值调至2-3。蒸除溶剂并将残余物在EtOAc/水(各20mL)之间进行分配。将水层用2×20mL EtOAc提取。合并有机层并干燥(Na2SO4)。过滤并蒸除溶剂得到黄色油状的粗品22,将其用硅胶色谱进行纯化(Rf=0.14,1∶1EtOAc/己烷),得到160mg(43%产率)无色液体状的22。G:(5Z,13E)-(11R,15S)-11,15-二羟基-17-苯基-18,19,20-去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸(III):
将22(160mg,0.41mmol)的5mL甲醇溶液用2.0mL 1N NaOH在室温下处理2小时。然后将混合物用1N HCl酸化至pH2并用EtOAc(4×20mL)提取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤并干燥(Na2SO4)。将过滤并蒸除溶剂后得到的产物粗品通过一段短的硅胶柱进行纯化,用己烷/丙酮/水(4∶3∶1)的混合物作为洗脱剂。得到无色粘稠液体状化合物III(107mg,70%产率)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.29-7.15(m,5H),5.56-5.20(宽m,7H),4.10(q,J=6.5Hz,1H),3.81(q,J=7.7Hz,1H),2.66(m,2H),2.29(m,2H),2.17-1.24(宽,13H);13C-NMR(CDCl3)δ177.80,141.85,134.78,133.49,129.39,128.96,128,41,128,37,125.82,78.05,72.34,57.73,43.07,38.51,33.05 32.33,31.81,31.70,27.60,26.36,24.50.
向320mL丙酮、75g(450mmol)溴乙酸乙酯和40.0g(310mmol)3-氯苯酚(23)的混合物中加入69.8g(505mmol)碳酸钾。将混合物在机械搅拌下加热回流4小时,在冷却至室温后将其倒入350mL乙酸乙酯中。然后向其中小心地加入400mL 1M HCl,注意避免过量的泡沫产生。分出有机层,并将水层用3×200mL乙酸乙酯提取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。经残余物在500mL热己烷中熔化并使其重新固化。经溶液过滤后得到58g(87%)片状白色固体24,m.p.=39-40℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.20-7.08(m,1H),6.95-6.82(m,2H),6.75-6.70(m,1H),4.53(s,2H),4.21(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.23(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。B:[3-(3-氯苯氧基)-2-羰基丙-1-基]膦酸二甲酯(25):
-78℃下,向20.6g(166mmol,238mol%)甲基膦酸二甲酯的110mLTHF溶液中滴加65mL(162mmol,232mol)2.5Mn-BuLi的己烷溶液。滴加完毕后,将混合物继续搅拌1小时,然后滴加15.0g(69.9mmol)芳氧基酯24在40mL THF中的溶液。将反应液搅拌1小时,然后加入100mL饱和的NH4Cl溶液终止反应。将混合物倒入200mL 1∶1的饱和盐水:乙酸乙酯的混合物中,分出有机层,水层用2×100mL乙酸乙酯提取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥并浓缩,残余物用泵抽干,得到20.5g(100%)粘稠油状的25。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.22(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.05-6.90(m,2H),6.85-6.78(m,1H),4.72(s,2H),3.84(s,3H),3.78(s,3H),3.27(d,J=22.8Hz,2H)。C:(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(苯甲酰氧基)-4-[(E)-4-(3-氯苯氧基)-3-氧代-1-丁烯基]-六氢-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(26):
0℃下,向20.5g(70.0mmol)膦酸酯25、2.6g(62mmol)LiCl、和200mLTHF的混合物中加入6.10(60.4mmol)NEt3。混合物由于沉淀的形成而开始变得粘稠。然后滴加14.0g(51.1mmol)醛1的50mL CH2Cl2溶液。1小时后,将反应液倒入200mL 1∶1饱和NH4Cl∶乙酸乙酯的混合物中,分出有机层,并将水层用2×100mL乙酸乙酯提取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥并浓缩,将残余物在28cm高×51mm直径的硅胶柱上进行闪式色谱分离,用3∶2乙酸乙酯:己烷(v/v)洗脱,得到16.2g(72%)白色结晶固体状的26,m.p.=101.0-102.0℃。1H-NMRδ8.0-7.9(m,2H),7.62-7.52(m,1H),7.50-7.38(m,2H),7.18(t,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.0-6.82(m,3H),6.75-6.70(m,1H),6.54(d,J=151.1Hz,1H),5.32(q,J=6.2Hz,1H),5.08(m,1H),4.66(s,2H),3.0-2.8(m,3H),2.7-2.2(m,3H).D:(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(苯甲酰氧基)-4-[(E)-(3R)-4-(3-氯苯氧基)-3-羟基-1-丁烯基]-六氢-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(27):
-23℃下,向9.70g(22.0mmol)烯酮26的60mL THF溶液中滴加11.1g(34.6mmol)(-)-DIPCl的30mL THF溶液。4小时后,在-23℃下滴加5mL甲醇终止反应,并将反应液升至室温。然后将混合物倒入200mL 2∶1的乙酸乙酯:饱和NH4Cl的混合物中,分出有机层,水相用2×100mL乙酸乙酯提取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥,浓缩,将残余物在33cm高×76mm直径的硅胶柱上进行闪式色谱分离,用3∶2乙酸乙酯:己烷(v/v)洗脱,得到4.7g(48%)白色固体状的27,m.p.=101.0-102.5℃。1H-NMRδ8.05-7.95(m,2H),7.62-7.40(m,3H),7.18(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.0-6.92(m,1H),6.85(t,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.77-6.70(m,1H),5.85(d of d,J=6.2,15.5Hz,1H),5.72(d of d,J=4.5,15.5Hz,1H),5.30(q,J=5.8Hz,1H),5.12-5.04(m,1H),4.58-4.48(m,1H),3.92(d of d,J=3.5,9.3Hz,1H),3.80(d of d,J=7.3,9.4Hz,1H),2.9-2.2(m,8H).E:(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[(E)-(3R)-4-(3-氯苯氧基)-3-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-1-丁烯基]-六氢-5-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(29):
向5.1g(11.5mmol)27和200mL甲醇的混合物中加入1.7g(12mmol)K2CO3。1小时后,将混合物倒入100mL0.5N HCl中并用3×100mL乙酸乙酯提取。将合并的有机层用2×100mL水和2×100mL盐水充分洗涤。将有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到48.5g(>100%)二醇28的粗品,将其不经纯化直接用于下一步反应。
0℃下,向4.85g 28粗品(11.5mmol,如果前一步的产率为100%,则样品中存在3.9g的28)和2.4g(28mmol)3,4-二氢-2-H-吡喃的75mL CH2Cl2溶液的混合物中加入370mg(1.9mmol)p-TsOH。搅拌45分钟后,将反应液倒入40mL饱和的NaHCO3水溶液中,分出有机层,水层用2×40mLC2HCl2提取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物在20cm高×41mm直径的硅胶柱上进行闪式色谱分离,用40%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到6.0g(100%)油状的29。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ(仅给出特征峰)7.25-7.14(m,1H),6.95-6.87(m,2H),6.83-6.72(m,1H),5.8-5.4(m,4H),5.1-4.8(m,2H)。F:(5Z,13E)-(9S,11R,15R)-11,15-二(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-16-(3-氯苯氧基)-9-羟基-17,18,19,20-四去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸异丙酯(32):
-78℃下,向内酯29(11.4mmol)的55mLTHF溶液中滴加10mL(15mmol)1.5M的DIBAL甲苯溶液。1小时后,滴加10mL甲醇并将混合物在-78℃搅拌10分钟,然后将其升至室温。将混合物倒入100mL1∶1酒石酸钠钾饱和溶液∶乙酸乙酯的溶液中,搅拌至乳浊液被破坏。分出有机层后,将水层用2×40mL乙酸乙酯提取,合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,将残余物在22cm高×41mm直径的硅胶柱上进行闪式色谱分离,用3∶2乙酸乙酯∶己烷洗脱,得到4.4g(76%)乳醇30,立即将其用于下一步反应。
0℃下,向12.1g(27.3mmol)磷盐31的100mL THF溶液中滴加50.0mL1M的叔丁醇钾THF溶液。30分钟后,滴加4.4g(8.6mmol)乳醇30的20mLTHF溶液,并将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后将混合物倒入150mL 1∶1的乙酸乙酯∶饱和NH4Cl水溶液的混合物中,分出有机层,水层用2×100mL乙酸乙酯提取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,残余物溶于80mL丙酮。向其中依次加入6.5g(43mmol)DBU和7.3g(43mmol)异丙基碘。搅拌过夜后,将反应液倒入100mL 1∶1的乙酸乙酯∶饱和NH4Cl水溶液的混合物中,分出有机层,水层用2×100mL乙酸乙酯提取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,将残余物在27cm高×41mm直径的硅胶柱上进行闪式色谱分离,用40%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到2.92g(以乳醇29计算,产率为53%)酯32。G:(5Z,13E)-(11R,15R)-11,15-二(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-16-(3-氯苯氧基)-17,18,19,20-四去甲-5,13-前列腺二醇(32):
0℃下,向酯32(1.34g,2.11mmol)的吡啶(18mL)溶液中滴加甲磺酰氯(590mg,5.2mmol)。在0℃搅拌过夜(18小时)后,将反应液倒入50mL饱和CuSO4/75mL EtOAc的混合物中。将生成的悬浮液用硅藻土过滤,分出有机层,水层用EtOAc(2×50mL)提取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩,残余物经硅胶色谱纯化后得到中间体9α-甲磺酸酯(1.32g,88%产率)。
将甲磺酸酯溶于16mL THF,将溶液冷却至0℃并向其中滴加LiEt3BH(11.0mL,1.0M的THF溶液)。将反应液在0℃搅拌1小时,然后在室温下搅拌18小时。然后加入60mL饱和NH4Cl溶液,并将得到的混合物用EtOAc(3×50mL)提取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩。产物混合物粗品将经硅胶色谱纯化(Rf=0.5,40%EtOAc/己烷)后得到33(726mg,69%产率)。H:(5Z,13E)-(11R,15R)-11,15-二(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-16-(3-氯苯氧基)-17,18,19,20-四去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸异丙酯(34):
将33(190mg,0.33mmol)、PDC(650mg,1.73mmol)和DMF(4.5mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。然后将反应液在25mL EtOAc和20mL水之间进行分配。分出有机层,水层用2×25mL EtOAc提取。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并浓缩。将残余物溶于丙酮(15mL),向其中加入DBU(110mg,0.73mmol)和异丙基碘(120mg,0.70mmol)。将得到的混合物在室温下搅拌18小时,然后在EtOAc(25mL)和饱和NH4Cl(15mL)之间进行分配。分出有机层,水层用2×25mL EtOAc提取。合并有机层并干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩。残余物经硅胶色谱纯化(Rf=0.6,30%EtOAc/己烷)后得到34(115mg,56%)。I:(5Z,13E)-(11R,15R)-16-(3-氯苯氧基)-11,15-二羟基-17,18,19,20-四去甲-5,13-前列腺二酸异丙酯(IV):
将34(79mg,0.13mmol)、水(1.0mL)、异丙醇(10mL)和12N HCl(800μL)的溶液在室温下搅拌1小时。然后滴加12mL饱和NaHCO3溶液并将得到的混合物用EtOAc(3×25mL)提取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩,残余物上到硅胶柱上进行色谱分离纯化(Rf=0.5,60%EtOAc/己烷)。分离得到无色油状化合物IV(48mg,82%产率)。13C NMR(CDCl3)δ173.20,159.24,136.27,134.88,130.24,129.98,129.59,128.62,121.30,115.07,113.07,77.87,71.91,70.95,67.46,57.90,42.87,34.03,32.23,31.57,27.59,26.61,24.85,21.81.
将烯35(0.7g,2.2mmol)(合成记载于:药物化学杂志,1983,26,328)在10mL 1∶1甲醇:乙酸乙酯(v/v)的混合物中的溶液在Parr氢化器、在10%Pd/碳(50mg)的存在下于40psi氢化1小时。将反应混合物用硅藻土过滤并浓缩得到36,该产物不经纯化直接用于下一步反应。B:[3aR,4R(1E,3R),5R,6aS]-4-[3-(2-(2,3-二氢化茚基)-3-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-丙基]-5-(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-六氢-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(37):
将上述的化合物36溶于CH2Cl2(30mL)并将该混合物冷却至0℃。加入3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(0.42g,5.0mmol),随后加入一水合对甲苯磺酸(50mg,0.2mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌2小时,倒入饱和NaHCO3水溶液中并用CH2Cl2提取。将溶液用MgSO4干燥、过滤并浓缩,残余物经硅胶色谱分离得到0.4g(36%)粘稠油状37。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.2(m,4H),5.0(m,1H),4.7(m,2H)。C:(5Z)-(9S,11R,15R)-11,15-二(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-9-羟基-15-[2-(2,3-二氢化茚基)]-16,17,18,19,20-五去甲-5-前列腺酸甲酯(39):
-78℃下,向内酯37(0.4g,0.8mmol)的甲苯(10mL)溶液中加入1.5MDIBAL-H的己烷溶液(1mL,1mmol)。在0℃搅拌2小时后,加入异丙醇(0.2mL),将混合物倒入酒石酸钠钾溶液中,用乙酸乙酯提取(2×50mL),干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩得到0.21g(52%)乳醇38的粗品。
向溴化(4-羧丁基)三苯基磷(0.13g,0.3mmol)的DMSO(6mL)溶液中加入甲亚磺酰甲基钠(0.6mmol,0.2M的DMSO溶液)的DMSO溶液。向溶液中滴加乳醇38(0.15g,0.3mmol)的DMSO(3mL)溶液。将溶液在50℃搅拌16小时,冷却至室温,加入10%枸橼酸水溶液至pH5.5以终止反应。混合物用乙酸乙酯提取,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩。将残余物溶于丙酮(5mL)并加入DBU(0.15g,1.0mmol),接着加入碘甲烷(0.14g,1.0mmol)。将溶液搅拌30分钟,倒入水中,用乙醚(2×50mL)提取,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩,残余物在硅胶上进行色谱分离,用7∶3己烷:乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到0.2g(98%)39。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.13(m,4H),5.4(m,2H),4.7(m,2H),4.1-3.8(m,4H),3.7(s,3H),3.1-2.7(m,4H),2.3(t,3H),2.1(m,2H),1.9-1.2(m,29H)。D:(5Z)-(11R,15R)-11,15-二(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-15-[2-(2,3-二氢化茚基)]-16,17,18,19,20-五去甲-5-前列腺醇(40):
0℃下,将39(0.2g,0.4mmol)的吡啶(20mL)溶液用甲磺酰氯(0.17g,1.5mmol)处理。将混合物在0℃搅拌2小时,然后在室温搅拌1.5小时。将溶液倒入饱和的NH4Cl水溶液中并用醚(2×50mL)提取。将合并的有机提取液用饱和CuSO4水溶液(3×50mL)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩,将残余物通过一段短的硅胶柱并用1∶1己烷:乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到0.25g(100%)9α-甲磺酸酯。
0℃下,向甲磺酸酯(0.25g,0.4mmol)的THF(30mL)溶液中加入1MLiEt3BH的THF溶液(9mL,9mmol)。将反应液在室温下搅拌3天,加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液(50mL),用醚(50mL)提取,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩得到40(0.2g,68%)。E:(5Z)-(11R,15R)-11,15-二(四氢吡喃-2-基氧)-15-[2-(2,3-二氢化茚基)]-16,17,18,19,20-五去甲-5-前列腺酸异丙酯(42):
将40(0.2g,0.3mmol)、DMF(20mL)和重铬酸吡啶翁(1.2g,3.2mmol)的溶液搅拌16小时。将混合物倒入饱和枸橼酸水溶液(50mL)中,用乙酸乙酯(2×100mL)提取,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩,得到0.2g酸41的粗品。
将酸41的粗品(0.2g,0.3mmol)的丙酮(30mL)溶液依次用DBU(0.5g,3mmol)和2-碘丙烷(0.8g,5mmol)处理。搅拌16小时后,将混合物倒入水中,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)提取,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩得到42(66mg,37%)。F:(5Z)-(11R,15R)-11,15-二羟基-15-[2-(2,3-二氢化茚基)]-16,17,18,19,20-五去甲-5-前列腺酸异丙酯(VI):
将42(66mg,0.11mmol)在7mL 4∶2∶1(V∶V∶V)乙酸、THF、和水的混合物中的溶液在50℃加热30分钟,然后在室温下搅拌16小时。将反应液用NaHCO3中和,加入100mL水,混合物用乙酸乙酯(2×50mL)提取,合并的有机提取液干燥(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩,残余物进行硅胶色谱分离,用7∶3乙酸乙酯:己烷洗脱,得到无色透明油状的VI(18mg,41%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.3-7.1(m,4H),5.4(m,2H),5.0(七重峰,J=6.3Hz,1H),3.9(m,1H),3.7(m,1H),3.1(M,1H),2.9(m,1H),2.8(m,1H),2.6(m,1H),2.4(m,2H),2.1(m,2H),1.8-1.4(m,13H),1.2(d,J=6.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(CDCl3)δ173.3,143.1,142.9,129.4,129.3,126.2,124.5,124.3,79.2,75.5,67.5,53.5,46.1,44.8,35.8,35.4,34.3,34.1,33.9,32.7,29.3,29.0,26.7,25.0,21.8.
结构式(I)的化合物可用于降低眼内压,从而可用于青光眼的治疗。优选的给药途径是局部给药。用于局部给药的剂量范围一般在约0.001和约1000微克/眼(μg/眼)之间,优选在约0.01和约100(μg/眼)之间,并最优选在约0.1和约20μg/眼之间。本发明的化合物可以以在适当的眼用载体中形成的溶液剂、悬浮剂、或乳剂(分散剂)的形式给药。
在制备用于局部给药的组合物时,一般将本发明的化合物以溶液重量百分比(wt%)的约0.000003至约1之间,在pH在约4.5和约8.0之间的水中配制。优选使用约0.000003至约0.3wt%的浓度,并最优选约0.002至约0.1wt%的浓度。虽然确切的用量由临床医师决定,但建议将得到的溶液局部应用,每只眼睛一滴,每天一或两次。
可用于本发明的眼用制剂的其它成分包括,防腐剂、助溶剂和粘度增稠剂。抗菌防腐剂:
眼用产品一般以多剂量的形式包装,通常需要在产品中加入防腐剂以防止在使用过程中的微生物污染。适当的防腐剂包括:洁尔灭、硫柳汞、氯丁醇、对羟苯甲酸甲酯、对羟苯甲酸丙酯、苯乙醇、依地酸二钠、山梨酸、ONAMERM(polyquaternium-1)或本领域技术人员公知的其它试剂。这些防腐剂的使用浓度一般在约0.001至约1.0wt%之间。
前列腺素及前列腺素的衍生物在水中的溶解度一般较小,因此需要在组合物中加入表面活性剂或其它适当的助溶剂。这些助溶剂包括:吐温20、60和80;Pluronic F-68、F-84和P-103;丁酚醛;CremophorEL;十二烷基硫酸钠;甘油、PEG400;丙二醇;环糊精;或本领域技术人员公知的其它试剂。这些助溶剂的使用浓度一般在约0.01至约2wt%之间。粘度剂:
粘度大于普通的水溶液可有助于增加活性化合物在眼部的吸收、降低配药中的变化性、减少悬浮剂或乳剂中的成分的物理分离和/或改善眼用制剂。这些粘度增稠剂包括:聚乙烯醇;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;纤维素聚合物,例如甲基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素;羧乙烯聚合物,例如carbomer910、carbomer940、carbomer934P和carbomer1342;或本领域技术人员公知的其它试剂。这些试剂的使用浓度一般在约0.01至约2wt%之间。
实施例5
下述配方A-C是本发明的代表性药物组合物,该组合物可用于局部应用以治疗青光眼或降低眼内压。配方A-C中的每一个均可以根据本领域技术人员公知的方法进行配制。
配方(wt%)成分 A B C化合物II 0.01化合物IV 0.03化合物V 0.01磷酸一钠 0.05 0.05 0.05磷酸二钠(无水) 0.15 0.15 0.15氯化钠 0.75 0.75 0.75EDTA二钠 0.01 0.05 0.05CremophorEL 0.0 1羟丙基-β-环糊精四丁酚醛洁尔灭 0.02 0.01 0.01吐温80 0.15HCl和/或NaOH 适量至pH7.3- 适量至pH7.3- 适量至pH7.3-
7.4 7.4 7.4纯化水 适量至100% 适量至100% 适量至100%
通过一些优选的实施方案对本发明进行了描述,然而应当理解,可以以其它的具体方式或其改变形式实施本发明而不超出本发明的范围。因此,应当将上述实施方案看作仅仅是说明而不是限定,本发明的范围由所附的权利要求而不是前述的说明书限定。
Claims (15)
1.一种治疗青光眼和高眼压的方法,所述方法包括向患病的眼睛施用治疗有效量的如下结构式的化合物:其中:
Y=C(O)NR1R2、CH2OR3、CH2NR1R2、CO2R1、CO2M,其中
M是盐的阳离子部分;
R1,R2(相同或不同)=H、C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
R,R3(相同或不同)=C(O)R4、H;
R4=C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
X=O、S(O)n、CH2;
n=0、1、或2;
A=CH2CH2、顺式或反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
Z=CH2CH2、反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
2.权利要求1的方法,其中:Y=CO2R1;R1=CH(CH)3CH3或H;X=CH2;A=顺式CH=CH;R=H;Z=CH2CH2、或反式CH=CH;W=(CH2)m芳基、或(CH2)mO芳基,其中m=1-3并且芳基=苯基,且可被CF3、Cl、F、或OMe任意取代;或W=W1、W2或W3。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中施用约0.001至约1000微克之间的结构式(I)的化合物。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中施用约0.01至约100微克之间的结构式(I)的化合物。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中施用约0.05至约50微克之间的结构式(I)的化合物。
6.一种用于治疗青光眼和高眼压的局部应用的眼用组合物,所述组合物包括可眼用的载体和治疗有效量的如下结构式的化合物:其中:
Y=C(O)NR1R2、CH2OR3、CH2NR1R2、CO2R1、CO2M,其中
M是盐的阳离子部分;
R1,R2(相同或不同)=H、C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
R,R3(相同或不同)=C(O)R4、H;
R4=C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
X=O、S(O)n、CH2;
n=0、1、或2;
A=CH2CH2、顺式或反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
Z=CH2CH2、反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
7.权利要求6的组合物,其中:Y=CO2R1;R1=CH(CH)3CH3或H;X=CH2;A=顺式CH=CH;R=H;Z=CH2CH2、或反式CH=CH;W=(CH2)m芳基、或(CH2)mO芳基,其中m=1-3并且芳基=苯基,且可被CF3、Cl、F、或OMe任意取代;或W=W1、W2或W3。
8.权利要求6的组合物,其中施用约0.001至约1000微克之间的结构式(I)的化合物。
9.权利要求6的组合物,其中施用约0.01至约100微克之间的结构式(I)的化合物。
10.权利要求6的组合物,其中施用约0.05至约50微克之间的结构式(I)的化合物。
11.如下结构式的化合物:其中:
Y=C(O)NR1R2、CH2OR3、或CH2NR1R2;
R1,R2(相同或不同)=H、C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
R,R3(相同或不同)=C(O)R4、H;
R4=C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
X=O、S(O)n、或CH2;
n=0、1、或2;
A=CH2CH2、顺式或反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
Z=CH2CH2、反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
W=(CH2)m芳基、(CH2)mO芳基;m=1-6;并且
芳基=苯基,且可被卤素、羟基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、氨基或酰氨基任意取状。
12.权利要求11的化合物,其中:Y=CH2OR3或C(O)NR1R2;R1,R2(相同或不同)=H或Me;R3=C(O)R4;R4=C(CH3)3;X=CH2;A=顺式CH=CH;R=H;Z=CH2CH2或反式CH=CH;W=(CH2)m芳基或(CH2)mO芳基;m=1-3;并且芳基=苯基,且可被CF3、Cl、F任意取代。
13.如下结构式的化合物:其中:
Y=C(O)NR1R2、CH2OR3、CH2NR1R2、CO2R1、CO2M,其中
M是盐的阳离子部分;
R1,R2(相同或不同)=H、C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
R,R3(相同或不同)=C(O)R4、H;
R4=C1-C6烷基或烯基、或C3-C6环烷基;
X=O、S(O)n、CH2;
n=0、1、或2;
A=CH2CH2、顺式或反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
Z=CH2CH2、反式CH=CH、或C≡C;
W=(CH2)m芳基、(CH2)mO芳基,其中m=1-6并且芳基=苯基,且可被卤素、羟基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、氨基或酰氨基任意取代;或W=V=H、烷基、卤素、羟基、烷氧基、丙烯酰氧基、卤代烷基、氨基、酰氨基,并且L=CH2、O、S(O)m、CH2CH2、CH2O、NR、CH=N、CH2S(O)m、CH=CH、CH2NR,其中m=0-2并且R如上所定义。
14.权利要求13的化合物,其中Y=CO2R1;X=CH2;A=顺式CH=CH;R=H;R1=H或CH(CH3)2;Z=CH2CH2、或反式CH=CH;W=W2;L=CH2;并且V=H。
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US08/480,707 US5698733A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1995-06-07 | Use of 9-deoxy prostaglandin derivatives to treat glaucoma |
US08/480,707 | 1995-06-07 |
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EP (1) | EP0783308B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH10506893A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1084189C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE202706T1 (zh) |
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1995
- 1995-06-07 US US08/480,707 patent/US5698733A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-25 AU AU36398/95A patent/AU701808B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-09-25 CN CN95195340A patent/CN1084189C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-25 DE DE69521620T patent/DE69521620T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-25 JP JP8511915A patent/JPH10506893A/ja active Pending
- 1995-09-25 AT AT95933922T patent/ATE202706T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-25 EP EP95933922A patent/EP0783308B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-25 WO PCT/US1995/012171 patent/WO1996010407A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-09-25 MX MX9702349A patent/MX9702349A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1084189C (zh) | 2002-05-08 |
DE69521620D1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
EP0783308A1 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
JPH10506893A (ja) | 1998-07-07 |
ATE202706T1 (de) | 2001-07-15 |
AU701808B2 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
DE69521620T2 (de) | 2001-10-18 |
AU3639895A (en) | 1996-04-26 |
WO1996010407A1 (en) | 1996-04-11 |
EP0783308B1 (en) | 2001-07-04 |
US5698733A (en) | 1997-12-16 |
MX9702349A (es) | 1997-06-28 |
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