CN116344772A - 一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116344772A CN116344772A CN202310413296.9A CN202310413296A CN116344772A CN 116344772 A CN116344772 A CN 116344772A CN 202310413296 A CN202310413296 A CN 202310413296A CN 116344772 A CN116344772 A CN 116344772A
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- sodium
- ferric
- phosphate
- pyrophosphate
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- XWQGIDJIEPIQBD-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium;iron(3+);phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XWQGIDJIEPIQBD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011645 ferric sodium diphosphate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 235000019851 ferric sodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940062993 ferrous oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000914 phenoxymethylpenicillanyl group Chemical group CC1(S[C@H]2N([C@H]1C(=O)*)C([C@H]2NC(COC2=CC=CC=C2)=O)=O)C 0.000 claims description 2
- WRMXOVHLRUVREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono phosphate;tributylazanium Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.CCCC[NH+](CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[NH+](CCCC)CCCC WRMXOVHLRUVREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AWRQDLAZGAQUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium;iron(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O AWRQDLAZGAQUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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Abstract
本发明属于正极材料技术领域,公开了一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料及制备方法,该正极材料由基体磷酸焦磷酸铁钠和包覆碳层组成,其化学式为Na4Fe3‑x‑yCexNby(PO4)2(P2O7),0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1;制备方法:先控制反应釜温度,然后将亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液滴入反应釜中,并调节溶液pH,通入氧气作为氧化剂;滴加完后,搅拌陈化,将陈化后的沉淀进行洗涤、压滤、干燥,得到球形磷酸铁;将磷酸铁与钠源、碳源混合,在保护气氛下进行高温烧结、冷却,得到所需正极材料。本发明制备的磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料粒度分布均匀,粒径均一;缩短了钠离子的扩散路径,使该材料具有更优异的循环性能、储钠性能等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及离子电池正极材料技术领域,具体为一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料及制备方法。
背景技术
能源危机和环境变化导致能源的可持续发展利用和储存受到世界各国的高度重视。尽管锂离子电池已广泛应用于小型便携电子、电动汽车(EV)或插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV),但高昂的成本和有限的储锂量限制了其进一步发展。而钠离子电池由于钠资源蕴藏量丰富、对环境友好,被认为是一种理想的大规模储电应用技术,因此,钠离子电池近年来已成为热点研究问题,各类储钠材料已被广泛研究。
在众多的钠离子电池正极材料中,聚阴离子型化合物以其优异的结构稳定性、安全性和适中的电压平台被认为是最有应用前景的一类电极材料。以磷酸盐为例,它含有特殊的具有强共价键的四面体PO4单元,价电子于聚阴离子的相对分离。这种特殊的三维框架结构,伴随着多电子机制,最高占据分子轨道和最低占据分子轨道间的能量跃迁较小,非常有利于钠离子的快速脱出和嵌入。其中,由于丰富廉价的铁资源、三维的离子扩散通道、良好的安全性能,焦磷酸盐材料受到越来越多的青睐,磷酸焦磷酸铁钠(NaxFex-1(PO4)x-2(P2O7),x=3或4)也成为当前最有产业化前景的钠离子电池正极材料之一,该材料具有成本低、结构稳定性好、循环寿命好等优点。然而,磷酸焦磷酸铁钠本身导电性较差、离子扩散能力弱,限制了倍率性能的发挥和循环稳定性,阻碍了其电化学性能和实际应用。
发明内容
本发明意在提供一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料及制备方法,采用共沉淀法,能控制电极材料均匀形态形貌,得到的磷酸焦磷酸铁钠包覆碳复合材料,其用于钠离子电池的电池容量高,低温性能、循环性能优异。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料,所述正极材料由基体磷酸焦磷酸铁钠和包覆层组成,所述基体磷酸焦磷酸铁钠化学式为Na4Fe3-x-yCexNby(PO4)2(P2O7),0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,所述包覆层为碳。
上述的一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)通过热水浴控制反应釜温度,然后用蠕动泵将亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液持续滴入不断搅拌的反应釜中,并滴加氨水调节反应溶液pH,在反应进行的同时,向反应釜中通入氧气作为氧化剂,在反应过程中控制沉淀的粒度,待其达到一定粒度后停止亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液及氨水的滴加;
2)滴加完后,保持反应釜温度不变,在不断搅拌下进行陈化;
3)将陈化后得到沉淀反复进行洗涤过滤,最后干燥处理得到球形磷酸铁前驱体;
4)将步骤3)所得磷酸铁前驱体与钠源、掺杂铈和铌的掺杂剂、碳源进行混合;
5)在保护气氛下,将步骤4)所得干燥的混合物进行烧结,随后降温冷却,即得到所需球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料。
进一步地,在步骤1)中,设定反应釜的温度为30~80℃,亚铁盐与磷酸盐滴加的摩尔比为1~3:4,pH为6~10,搅拌转速为300~1000rmp,溶液流量为50~300mL/min。
进一步地,在步骤1)中,亚铁盐溶液为硫酸亚铁、硝酸亚铁、草酸亚铁中的一种或几种;磷酸盐溶液为磷酸、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸一氢铵、磷酸铵、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸钠中的一种或几种。
进一步地,在步骤4)中,各原料的比例需满足钠:铁:掺杂剂:磷摩尔比为4~4.1:1~3:0.01~1:4;碳源加入量为成品磷酸焦磷酸铁钠质量的5~20%。
进一步地,在步骤4)中,钠源为碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸二氢钠、柠檬酸钠中的一种或几种;掺杂剂包括氧化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐中的一种或几种;碳源为葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、柠檬酸、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、石墨烯、乙炔黑、PVA中的一种或几种。
进一步地,在步骤5)中,保护气氛为氮气、氩气、惰性气体与还原性气体混合气体中的一种。
进一步地,在步骤5)中,烧结的方法为:先在200~450℃,预烧结2~10h;然后在450~700℃,烧结5~24h,升温速度为1~10℃/min。
进一步地,在步骤5)中,降温冷却的方法为空冷、水冷、液氮冷却中的一种。
与现有的技术相比,本技术方案的有益效果是:
1、本发明所制备的磷酸焦磷酸铁钠包覆碳正极材料,其生产工艺简单,安全系数高,适宜大规模工业化生产,制备的材料电池容量高,且低温性能优异;
2、本发明采用共沉淀法制备球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料,能控制电极材料均匀形态形貌;
3、制备本发明球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的原料廉价,来源丰富,适宜大规模工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中制备得到磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的XRD图;
图2为本发明实施例1制备得到磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的SEM图;
图3为本发明实施例1制备得到磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料用在钠离子电池中,在1C下的循环性能图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明:
实施例1:
通过控制反应釜温度为50℃,然后用蠕动泵将亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液按2.97:4的摩尔比持续滴入不断搅拌的反应釜中,并滴加氨水调节反应溶液pH;在反应进行的同时,向反应釜中通入氧气作为氧化剂;滴加完后,保持反应釜温度不变,在不断搅拌下进行陈化;将陈化后所得沉淀反复进行洗涤压滤,最后干燥处理得到球形磷酸铁S1;
将磷酸铁S1与105.99gNa2CO3、2.49gCe(SO4)2、2.27gC4H4NNbO9.nH2O、65.75g葡萄糖在水溶液中进行混合,绕后微波干燥,得到磷酸铁钠前驱体S2;
将磷酸铁钠前驱体S2在高纯氮气气氛中烧结,以2℃/min的升温温度,升温至350℃,保温4小时,再升温至550℃,保温10小时,随后自然冷却降温,得到球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料。
对比例1
通过控制反应釜温度为50℃,然后用蠕动泵将亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液按3:4的摩尔比持续滴入不断搅拌的反应釜中,并滴加氨水调节反应溶液pH;在反应进行的同时,向反应釜中通入氧气作为氧化剂;滴加完后,保持反应釜温度不变,在不断搅拌下进行陈化;将陈化后所得沉淀反复进行洗涤压滤,最后干燥处理得到球形磷酸铁S1;
将磷酸铁S1与105.99gNa2CO3、65.75g葡萄糖在水溶液中进行混合,绕后微波干燥,得到磷酸焦磷酸铁钠前驱体S2;
将磷酸焦磷酸铁钠前驱体S2在高纯氮气气氛中烧结,以2℃/min的升温温度,升温至350℃,保温4小时,再升温至550℃,保温10小时,随后自然冷却降温,得到球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料。
性能测试:
本例所做的测试均以CR2032型号的扣式电池为基准进行测试,使用金属钠片为对电极,玻璃纤维为隔膜,采用NaPF6为电解液;工作电极由80wt%的活性物质、10wt%的导电剂和10wt%的聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)组成,使用N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)作为溶剂;利用制备器均匀的涂覆在铝箔上,并在120℃的真空炉中干燥12h,根据压实密度进行计算极片辊压所达到的厚度并进行辊压处理,电极的直径为12mm,并在真空手套箱里组装成扣式电池。
如图1所示,经过掺杂改性后,实施例1制得的磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料XRD图像衍射峰没有发生明显变化,可以看出掺杂对材料的纯度没有影响;
如图2扫描电镜图所示,实施例1制得的磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料其形貌为球形;
如图3循环性能图所示,在1C电流密度下,截止电压为4.3V,实施例1制得的磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料经过100圈循环后容量保持率高达92%,展现出优异的循环性能,而在相同条件下,对比例1的容量保持率仅为73%。
实施例2:
通过控制反应釜温度为60℃,然后用蠕动泵将亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液按2.97:4的摩尔比持续滴入不断搅拌的反应釜中,并滴加氨水调节反应溶液pH;在反应进行的同时,向反应釜中通入氧气作为氧化剂;滴加完后,保持反应釜温度不变,在不断搅拌下进行陈化;将陈化后所得沉淀反复进行洗涤压滤,最后干燥处理得到球形磷酸铁S1。
将磷酸铁S1与111.29gNa2CO3、2.49gCe(SO4)2、2.27gC4H4NNbO9.nH2O、230.06gNH4H2PO4、192.12柠檬酸(其中,Na:Fe:Ce:Nb:P的摩尔比为4.05:2.97:0.015:0.015:4)在水溶液中进行混合,绕后微波干燥,得到磷酸焦磷酸铁钠前驱体S2;
将磷酸焦磷酸铁钠前驱体S2在高纯氮气气氛中烧结,以4℃/min的升温温度,升温至350℃,保温4小时,再升温至500℃,保温10小时,随后自然冷却降温,得到球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料。
实施例3:
通过控制反应釜温度为70℃,然后用蠕动泵将亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液按2.97:4的摩尔比持续滴入不断搅拌的反应釜中,并滴加氨水调节反应溶液pH;在反应进行的同时,向反应釜中通入氧气作为氧化剂;滴加完后,保持反应釜温度不变,在不断搅拌下进行陈化;将陈化后所得沉淀反复进行洗涤压滤,最后干燥处理得到球形磷酸铁S1;
将磷酸铁S1与1.29gCeO2、1.93gNb2O5、64g蔗糖(其中Na:Fe:Ce:Nb:P的摩尔比为4.03:2.97:0.015:0.015:4)在水溶液中进行混合,绕后微波干燥,得到磷酸焦磷酸铁钠前驱体S2;
将磷酸焦磷酸铁钠前驱体S2在高纯氮气气氛中烧结,以5℃/min的升温温度,升温至350℃,保温4小时,再升温至600℃,保温8小时,随后自然冷却降温,得到球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料。
实施例4:
通过控制反应釜温度为80℃,然后用蠕动泵将亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液按3:4的摩尔比持续滴入不断搅拌的反应釜中,并滴加氨水调节反应溶液pH;在反应进行的同时,向反应釜中通入氧气作为氧化剂;滴加完后,保持反应釜温度不变,在不断搅拌下进行陈化;将陈化后所得沉淀反复进行洗涤压滤,最后干燥处理得到球形磷酸铁S1。
将磷酸铁S1与139.60gNa4P2O7、1.29gCeO2、1.93gNb2O5、64.27g葡萄糖在水溶液中进行混合,绕后微波干燥,得到磷酸焦磷酸铁钠前驱体S2。
将磷酸焦磷酸铁钠前驱体S2在高纯氮气气氛中烧结,以2℃/min的升温温度,升温至350℃,保温4小时,再升温至550℃,保温10小时,随后自然冷却降温,得到球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体技术方案或特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术方案的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (9)
1.一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料,其特征在于:所述正极材料由基体磷酸焦磷酸铁钠和包覆层组成,所述基体磷酸焦磷酸铁钠化学式为Na4Fe3-x-yCexNby(PO4)2(P2O7),0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,所述包覆层为碳。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)通过热水浴控制反应釜温度,然后用蠕动泵将亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液持续滴入不断搅拌的反应釜中,并滴加氨水调节反应溶液pH,在反应进行的同时,向反应釜中通入氧气作为氧化剂,在反应过程中控制沉淀的粒度,待其达到一定粒度后停止亚铁盐溶液、磷酸盐溶液及氨水的滴加;
2)滴加完后,保持反应釜温度不变,在不断搅拌下进行陈化;
3)将陈化后得到沉淀反复进行洗涤过滤,最后干燥处理得到球形磷酸铁前驱体;
4)将步骤3)所得磷酸铁前驱体与钠源、掺杂铈和铌的掺杂剂、碳源进行混合;
5)在保护气氛下,将步骤4)所得干燥的混合物进行烧结,随后降温冷却,即得到所需球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤1)中,设定反应釜的温度为30~80℃,亚铁盐与磷酸盐滴加的摩尔比为1~3:4,pH为6~10,搅拌转速为300~1000rmp,溶液流量为50~300mL/min。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤1)中,亚铁盐溶液为硫酸亚铁、硝酸亚铁、草酸亚铁中的一种或几种;磷酸盐溶液为磷酸、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸一氢铵、磷酸铵、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸钠中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤4)中,各原料的比例需满足钠:铁:掺杂剂:磷摩尔比为4~4.1:1~3:0.01~1:4;碳源加入量为成品磷酸焦磷酸铁钠质量的5~20%。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤4)中,钠源为碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸二氢钠、柠檬酸钠中的一种或几种;掺杂剂包括氧化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐中的一种或几种;碳源为葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、柠檬酸、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、石墨烯、乙炔黑、PVA中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤5)中,保护气氛为氮气、氩气、惰性气体与还原性气体混合气体中的一种。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤5)中,烧结的方法为:先在200~450℃,预烧结2~10h;然后在450~700℃,烧结5~24h,升温速度为1~10℃/min。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种球形磷酸焦磷酸铁钠正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤5)中,降温冷却的方法为空冷、水冷、液氮冷却中的一种。
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