CN116326543B - Cultivation method of Wenchang chicken complete set system - Google Patents
Cultivation method of Wenchang chicken complete set system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for cultivating Wenchang chicken complete set line, belonging to the technical field of poultry genetic breeding and propagation. The method obtains the Wenchang chicken mating line by hybridizing the bred K-line male parent and M-line female parent. According to the breeding method of the complete set of lines, the bred chickens only accord with local consumption habits, grow faster, have high reproductive performance and excellent feed utilization efficiency, are early matured and are easy to fertilize, and have obvious production and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of poultry genetic breeding and propagation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Wenchang chicken complete set lines.
Background
When the people get in the festival or in the way of the guests, the chicken is not in the seat, only the hen which is mature is accepted, and the feather color requirement is higher. Wenchang chicken is a high-quality local chicken species with the characteristics of small head, small neck, small foot, short neck and short foot, and delicious and tender meat.
At present, most Wenchang chickens on the market are not subjected to systematic specialization breeding, a strict biosafety epidemic prevention system is not adopted, and the Wenchang chickens are only bred by grabbing the chickens at will from wild or local farmers, so that the Wenchang chickens are relatively mixed in hair color, poor in weight uniformity, relatively low in reproductive performance, poor in feed return, low in survival rate, limited in feeding benefit and unfavorable for large-scale production. With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people and the development of Hainan tourism islands, the consumption of high-quality broilers is gradually increased. In addition, the Hainan, guangdong and hong Kong of China are mainly consumed by hens, after the large-scale production, the identification rate caused by manual male and female identification is low, the loss is large, the production development is restricted by the adverse factors such as high labor cost and the like.
Currently, the matching method of poultry matching is mostly three-line or four-line matching, the process is complicated, a specialized ancestor seed-preserving field needs to be established, and the maintenance cost is high. The secondary matching has low subsequent maintenance cost and simple matching flow, but the establishment of the secondary matching depends on whether the optimal original variety and cultivation target are found or not, which is also highly related to the cognition of breeders on the variety character and commodity generation performance requirements. The simple secondary matching often has the phenomena of good growth performance of chicken groups, poor uniformity and uneven appearance, and can not meet the large-scale popularization requirement of commercial broiler chickens.
Therefore, a cultivation method of a Wenchang chicken high-quality mating line, which has the characteristics of conforming to local consumption habit, and has the advantages of faster growth, high reproductive performance, excellent feed utilization efficiency, and easy fertilizer for precocity, is needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a culture method of Wenchang chicken complete set system. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: and establishing a basic group, and cultivating specialized strains through the properties such as meat production performance, reproductive performance, feather color, feather speed, body shape and appearance. Then, the mating force measurement and expansion test are carried out to determine the mating system combination. And finally, determining a set of feeding management matching technology, and performing pilot-scale test and popularization on the obtained Wenchang chickens.
A method for cultivating Wenchang chicken complete set system comprises the following steps:
1) Culturing the K-line male parent:
using Wenchang chicken as a material, and performing generation breeding to obtain a quick-feather Wenchang chicken hen serving as a primary parent system;
using Sanhuang chicken as a material, performing generation breeding to obtain a fast-feather Sanhuang chicken cock as a primary male parent;
crossing the primary parent line and the primary parent line, and fixing the crossed lines to obtain a fast feather cock, namely a K-line male parent;
2) Culturing M-line female parent:
by using Wenchang chicken as material and through generation selection and test cross homozygosity, slow-feather Wenchang chicken hen, i.e. M-line female parent is obtained;
3) The K-line male parent and the M-line female parent are hybridized to obtain the Wenchang chicken mating line.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step 2) of the test cross homozygosity process, a slow-feather homozygosity Wenchang chicken cock and a slow-feather Wenchang chicken hen are selected.
In some preferred embodiments, the breeding method of the slow-feather homozygous Wenchang chicken cock comprises the following steps:
2-1) selecting an I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock and an I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken hen;
2-2) breeding different I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chickens by each I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock, and breeding II-generation Wenchang chickens;
2-3) screening the II-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock in the step 2-2) to obtain a slow-feather homozygous Wenchang chicken cock;
wherein, the II-generation Wenchang chickens cultivated by the I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock are slow-feather type.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step 2-2), each of the I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken breeds more than or equal to 10I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken hens.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step 1) and the step 2-2), the individual with a hen shin length of 6.0-7.2 cm and a cock shin length of 6.5-7.8 cm is selected at 65-75 days of age.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step 1) and the step 2-2), the individual with a hen shin length of 6.5-7.8 cm and a cock shin length of 7.0-9.0 cm is selected at the age of 107-117 days.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step 1), the individual having a weight of 1300 to 1450g is selected at 65 to 75 days of age.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step 2-2), the individual having a weight of 1100 to 1300g is selected at 65 to 75 days of age.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step 1) and the step 2-2), the individual having a weight of 1200 to 1800g is selected at an age of 107 to 117 days.
In some preferred embodiments, during breeding and/or hybridization, hens with an egg weight of 38-50 g are selected.
In some preferred embodiments, individuals whose main wing feathers differ from the track main wing feathers by less than or equal to 0.5cm in length at the time of brooding are selected during breeding and/or hybridization.
In some preferred embodiments, during breeding and/or hybridization, individuals with chicken and/or feathers having a tail feather of 4.5cm or less are selected for which the color is jute or yellow.
The application also provides a chicken bred by using the breeding method of any Wenchang chicken mating line.
In some preferred embodiments, the Wenchang chicken complete set has a sexual maturity of 105-110 days.
In some preferred embodiments, the hens of the Wenchang chicken kit weigh 1500-160 g at 16 weeks of age; the weight of the cock at 13 weeks of age is 1400-1500 g.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the culture method of the Wenchang chicken mating line, the cultivated Wenchang chicken (1) has deep feather color (both yellow tingling feather and yellow feather); (2) the sexual maturity period is early and only 105-110 days, and the growth is fast; (3) the feed utilization efficiency is excellent, and the feed conversion ratio is controlled to be 3.62:1 or less; (4) the slaughtering performance is good and remarkable, wherein the slaughtering rate is high, the muscles are plump, and the meat quality is delicious; (5) the survival rate is high and reaches more than 97%; (6) early fattening and easy maturing, wherein the weight of the hen at 16 weeks of age is 1500-160 g; the weight of the cock at 13 weeks of age is 1400-1500 g.
2. According to the application, through the specific breeding time node in the breeding process and the specific shin-length chicken selected by the specific breeding, the Wenchang chicken high-quality mating line with the appearance characteristics conforming to the consumption habits of local feather color, body type appearance and the like, and the Wenchang chicken high-quality mating line has the advantages of faster growth, high meat production performance, strong reproductive performance, excellent feed utilization efficiency, and easiness in maturing and fattening is obtained.
3. The breeding method of the application determines whether the target character of the candidate mating set is stably inherited and has heterosis through the mating force measurement, and can obtain the slow-feather homozygous Wenchang chicken cock. Through the time breeding, the finally formed characters have economy compared with the original varieties, and are favorable for subsequent large-scale application and popularization.
4. By combining the characteristics of the fast and slow feathers, the application is constructed into a set of self-identification male and female mating line breeding system, greatly improves the breeding efficiency of the mating line and improves the male and female identification rate of commercial meat-substituted chick seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a breeding pattern of a mating line;
FIG. 2 is a breeding pattern of a mating line;
FIG. 3 is a breeding roadmap.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-3 and the accompanying examples:
the mating line male parent (namely, K line male parent) is a fast-feather fast-growing line formed by synthesizing and breeding Guangxi Sanhuang chickens and Wenchang chickens.
The Guangxi Sanhuang chicken body is small and plump, has high growth speed, swells and plumps muscles on two sides of the chest of the carcass, is rich in subcutaneous fat, has orderly and compact pore arrangement, has body shape and meat quality which meet the consumption habit of Hainan, but has light feather color which is not accepted by the Hainan market.
The characteristics of Guangxi Sanhuang chickens can improve the growth speed and slaughtering performance of commercial chickens on the premise that the appearance characteristics and meat quality and flavor of the commercial chickens meet the market requirements during the synthesis and utilization. But the egg laying performance of Guangxi Sanhuang chickens is lower, resulting in lower egg yield of the synthetic line.
Example 1
1-1) using Wenchang chicken as a material, and performing generation breeding to obtain a quick-feather Wenchang chicken hen serving as a primary parent line;
using Guangxi Sanhuang chickens as materials, and performing generation breeding to obtain fast-feather Sanhuang chickens as primary male parent;
1-2) crossing the primary parent line and the primary parent line, transversely fixing 2 generations, and then breeding to further cultivate a fast-feather type pure line and establish a K line basic group;
1-3) selecting fast-feather type pure line cock from K line basic group, namely K line male parent.
In the step 1-2), the specific breeding method comprises the following steps:
seed selection at 1 day of age: selecting and keeping healthy fast-feathered chicks, wherein the difference between main feathers and caterpillar main feathers is less than or equal to 0.5cm, and recording the parent number and the wing wearing number.
Seed selection at 10 weeks of age:
body type: selecting individuals with body type and appearance according with variety characteristics, and eliminating individuals with body weight more than or equal to 1450g and dysplasia.
And determining a seed selection range according to the weight standard of the strain, wherein the uniformity after selection is required to be more than 95%, and the individuals meeting the breeding requirements are left to enter the performance measurement of the next stage.
Feathers: selecting jute color (jute feather) and yellow feather, and eliminating white feather and black feather chicken and individuals with tail feather of more than 4.5 cm.
Length of shank: the length of the hen shank is 6.0-7.2 cm, and the length of the cock shank is 6.5-7.8 cm.
Crown: individuals who fall crowns, small crowns, and dysplasia are eliminated.
Seed selection at 16 weeks of age:
body type: and selecting an individual with the weight controlled at 1250-1800 g.
Feathers: selecting jute feather and yellow feather, and eliminating individuals with tail feather too long and tail feather >4.5 cm.
Length of shank: the length of the hen shank is 6.5-7.8 cm, and the length of the cock shank is 7.0-9.0 cm.
When the chicken flocks are put into the cages, the sexually mature chicken flocks are selected, the development condition of cockscombs is taken as a basis, the number of the established family flocks is selected and reserved, and individuals meeting the breeding targets are transferred into individual egg cages. The selection and reservation of the cock is inquired according to family genealogy of the family, and the individual with best selective maturation is reserved.
Seed selection at 38 weeks of age:
hen(s): selecting hens with egg weight (egg weight) less than or equal to 40g and less than or equal to 50 g;
cock (c): before breeding, the semen quality of the selected and reserved cock is measured one by one, and the cock reserved for breeding is determined according to the quality of the cock semen (including semen collection amount and sperm motility).
The purification measures of the diseases: the ill chickens were eliminated, including but not limited to white diarrhea positive chickens and leukemia positive chickens.
1-2, breeding method of slow-feather homozygous Wenchang chicken cocks:
the slow feather cock is bred into a slow feather homozygous Wenchang cock through test crossing, and the specific process is as follows:
2-1) selecting 12000 chickens which accord with the characteristics of Wenchang chickens from Wenchang chickens raised by farmers in Wenchang county in the origin of Wenchang chickens.
The determination shows that the Wenchang chicken has slow feather rate of 77% and fast feather rate of 23%.
And selecting individuals of the I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock and the I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken hen as breeding materials.
2-2) when the I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock is sexually mature, carrying out test cross on the same, and matching 1I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock with 15I-generation fast-feather Wenchang chicken hen.
And respectively marking eggs laid by each generation of slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock and the matched generation of quick-feather Wenchang chicken hen, respectively placing the eggs into a net bag after spreading, hatching and raising to obtain the generation II Wenchang chicken.
2-3) identifying the feather speed of the II-generation Wenchang chicken. The authentication is as follows:
and selecting the II-generation Wenchang chickens which are the I-generation Wenchang chickens corresponding to the slow feather to obtain the slow feather homozygous Wenchang chickens.
Otherwise, the generation I slow feather Wenchang chicken rooster corresponding to the generation II Wenchang chicken with the fast feather is determined to be heterozygous, and is eliminated.
Selecting the slow-feather homozygous Wenchang chicken cock and the slow-feather Wenchang chicken hen of the embodiment 2 for propagation and breeding, and establishing an M-series basic group;
obtaining the slow-feather high-yield Wenchang hen, namely M-line female parent.
The specific breeding method in the process comprises the following steps:
seed selection at 1 day of age:
selecting and keeping healthy slow-feather chicks, eliminating types with too short main wing feathers (the gap is more than or equal to 0.5 cm) or missing, and recording the parent number and the wing wearing number.
Seed selection at 10 weeks of age:
body type: individuals with body type and appearance conforming to variety characteristics are selected, and individuals with body weight more than 1300g and dysplasia are eliminated.
And determining the upper and lower limits of seed selection according to the weight standard of the strain, controlling the upper and lower limits within a standard deviation range, and leaving the individuals meeting the breeding requirements and performing performance measurement in the next stage.
Feather color: selecting jute feather and yellow feather, and eliminating individual white feather and black feather chicken.
Length of shank: the length of the hen shank is 6.0-7.2 cm, and the length of the cock shank is 6.5-7.8 cm.
Crown: individuals who fall crown, crown size, and dysplasia are eliminated.
Seed selection at 16 weeks of age:
the measurement is carried out according to the growth and development conditions of individuals, and the important points are feather color, uniformity, secondary sexual feature development and shin length.
Body type: selecting individuals with body type and appearance meeting variety characteristics, wherein the weight of the individuals is 1200-1800g;
length of shank: the length of the hen shank is 6.5-7.8 cm, and the length of the cock shank is 7.0-9.0 cm.
Crown: individuals who fall crown, crown size, and dysplasia are eliminated.
When the chicken flocks are put into the cages, the sexually mature chicken flocks are selected, the development condition of cockscombs is taken as a basis, the number of the established family flocks is selected and reserved, and individuals meeting the breeding targets are transferred into individual egg cages. The selection and reservation of the cock is inquired according to family genealogy of the family, and the individual with best selective maturation is reserved.
Seed selection at 38 weeks of age:
hen(s): selecting hens with egg weight (egg weight) of 38g or less and 48g or less;
cock (c): before breeding, the semen quality of the selected and reserved cock is measured one by one, and the cock reserved for breeding is determined according to the quality of the cock semen (including semen collection amount and sperm motility).
The purification measures of the diseases: the ill chickens were eliminated, including but not limited to white diarrhea positive chickens and leukemia positive chickens.
1-4 Wenchang chicken complete set system
Hybridization is carried out by adopting the K-line male parent of the embodiment 1 and the M-line female parent of the embodiment 3 to obtain a Wenchang chicken mating line, namely a combination A, and the mating mode is abbreviated as: k is a male parent and M is a female parent.
The chicken obtained by the Wenchang chicken mating line is compact and symmetrical in size and wedge-shaped, and is early in sexual maturity (the sexual maturity period is 105-110 days). Single crown, bearded meat and ear are red. The skin is yellowish and the shin is yellow. The cock feather is mainly red, the neck is provided with a golden ring feather belt, and the tail feather is loose or flat and black. Hen feathers are mainly jute feathers, and tail feathers are slightly tilted or flat. The chicken fluff is yellow, and part of chicken backs are provided with black line ridges.
To explore the impact of different mating combinations, we performed different hybrid combination experiments in combination with the existing strain K-line base group, M-line base group, and a-line (short yellow chickens, introduced from the guangdong nine-Buddha chicken farm, expected to improve egg production performance).
Combination B: adopting the hen of the A line to replace the female parent of the M line in the embodiment 4 for matching, keeping the other methods consistent with the embodiment 4, and the matching mode is abbreviated as: k is a male and A is a female.
Combination D: hybridization was performed using the cocks in the M-line base group of example 3 with the hens of the A-line, the matching mode being abbreviated as: m is a male.
Combination E: hybridization is carried out by adopting the K-line male parent of the example 1 and the hen obtained in the combination D, and the matching mode is abbreviated as: k is female (M is female) and A is male.
Combination F: hybridization was performed using the K-line male parent of example 1 and a "hen of line a" hybridized with the M-line female parent of example 3 ", in a matching pattern abbreviated as: k is female (A is female) and M is female.
The chickens obtained from the kit of the application with the different combinations of the comparative examples were subjected to performance testing and comparison only.
The specific matching modes are shown in the following table:
wenchang chicken is used as a local high-quality variety resource, and the market has great demands on the body type appearance and meat quality flavor. The concrete steps are as follows: the authentic Wenchang chickens need to be raised in Hainan, and the unique meat flavor is formed by depending on proper local climate and geographical environment, so that the Wenchang chickens are one of poultry products protected by geographical marks.
Wenchang chicken with excellent body shape and appearance can be sold in the market with price difference of 0.5-5.0 yuan/kg; the feeding and consumption of Wenchang chickens mainly take hens, and the hens are fast in growth and maturation, often reach the growth inflection point at the age of 70-80 days, the fragrance is not effectively deposited, the meat quality and the taste are rough, and the requirements of the market on the flavor of high-quality meat and poultry cannot be met. In contrast, the hen has gentle growth and development, the maturation time is 95-110 days old, the meat is tender, smooth and compact, fat but not greasy, and the hen is used as the main raw material of the hot pot for white-cut chickens and coconut chickens, so that the hen is mainly used in the performance characterization and evaluation process.
Performance characterization 1: appearance characteristics
In the breeding process, wenchang chicken is used as a high-quality local variety, and the characteristic characters of the original variety are the first protection. Based on the marked appearance characteristics of Wenchang chickens, the Wenchang chickens market is more exclusive/not receiving chicken with lighter feather color (light yellow and white), and the feather color is as follows in order from top to bottom: jute feathers (jute color) > yellow feathers > pale yellow > white.
The length of the shank is as follows in order of from excellent to poor: the length is smaller than or equal to 7.8cm, preferably 6.5-7.5 cm.
Based on the results, the color of the chicken feathers in the group A is yellow, so that the chicken feathers remarkably meet the market demands; the color of the chicken feathers in the group E is yellow, and the chicken feathers also meet the market requirements; therefore, the breeding method of the A-group and the E-group accords with the appearance characteristics, but the feather color of the A-group is better than that of the E-group.
The chicken feathers of the B group, the D group and the F group are lighter in color at 16 weeks of age, and the chicken meeting the market requirements cannot be obtained, so that the breeding methods of the B, D group and the E group are not applicable.
Thus, further performance characterization and testing was performed on groups a and E, whose appearance characteristics met market demand.
Performance characterization 2: measurement results of production Properties and slaughter Properties
The production performance of commercial broiler chickens is shown in the following table.
Because the feeding and consumption of Wenchang chickens are mainly conducted by hens, the application mainly focuses on the production performance of hens.
In addition, the nutrition concentration and cost of the feed in the early stage (before 10-13 weeks) are higher than those of the feed in the later stage (after 10-13 weeks), so that the feed has the advantage of weight gain cost when the feed is compared with the feed in the similar condition, and the feed in the later stage grows faster.
On the basis of weight data, the average weight of the hens in the group E is 5.7 g/hen higher than that of the hens in the group A, the average weight of the hens in the group A is 53.4 g/hen higher than that of the hens in the group A in 10 weeks of age, the weight gap is reduced at 13 weeks of age, the average weight of the hens in the group A is not as high as that of the hens in the group A in 16 weeks of age, and the hens in the group A have higher growth efficiency in the later growth period. Group a has significantly better growth efficiency than group E.
From the aspect of feed conversion, the feed conversion ratio (feed conversion ratio refers to the amount of feed consumed for increasing the weight of the livestock and poultry by 1 kg, which is an important index for evaluating feed consideration, and the calculation formula is that the feed conversion ratio = total amount of feed consumed/total amount of weight increase) of the group A is obviously lower than that of the group E, so that the feed conversion rate and the weight increase effect of the group A are better, and the consumption of feed is less.
On the basis of the survival rate data, the overall survival rate of the group A hens is 1.9% higher than that of the group E hens, which is equivalent to 19 chickens out of the column after 1000 chickens are raised. Therefore, the survival rate of group A is also significantly better than that of group E.
Slaughter rate broadly refers to the percentage of poultry slaughter weight in terms of live weight. The live weight refers to the weight after 12 hours of feeding stop before slaughter. Is one of indexes for measuring meat production performance, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the slaughter rate of poultry is divided into a half-clean rate and a full-clean rate.
The semi-clean rate is the percentage of the semi-clean weight to the live weight. Wherein, the semi-clean bore weight is: the carcasses were then deaerated to the trachea, esophagus, crop, intestine, spleen, pancreas and reproductive organs. Care, liver (removal of bile), kidney, adenoma, myo-stomach (removal of contents and cuticle) and abdominal fat (including abdominal plate oil and fat surrounding the myo-stomach). The calculation formula is as follows:
full bore removal rate refers to the percentage of full bore removal weight to live weight. Wherein the total breech-removing weight is the weight of half breech-removing heart, liver, adenoma stomach, myostomach, abdominal fat and head (duck, goose remain head, foot). The calculation formula is as follows:
the abdominal fat rate is one of the consideration indexes when the broiler chickens go out, the higher the abdominal fat rate is, the more the abdominal fat is deposited, if other fat and intestinal fat (which are not used or eaten well) of the carcass are added, the total weight can reach 5.0-6.0%, and the feed utilization is extremely wasted, so that the lower the abdominal fat rate is, the better the carcass quality is relatively. The abdominal fat rate is calculated by the following steps:
abdominal fat ratio= (abdominal fat weight + extra-gastric fat weight)/total bore-free weight x 100%.
From slaughter performance results, the slaughter performance slaughter rate, half-bore rate and full-bore rate of group A, pectoral muscle rate and leg muscle rate were significantly higher than those of group E. And, group a had significantly lower abdominal fat than group E, indicating that group a had significantly better chicken quality than group E.
The chicken quality of group a commercial broiler chickens was determined as follows.
The commercial broiler feed produced by the matching mode of the group A has the advantages of low conversion ratio, plump muscles, high slaughter rate, delicious meat quality and the like.
Performance characterization 3: effects of shank Length Properties
3-1, a breeding process, namely, changing the specific breeding method in the breeding process of the male parent of the 1-1 and K series on the basis of the embodiment 1, selecting chickens with different shank lengths (the sample size n is 1000) in the 10-week-old breeding process, carrying out the subsequent breeding process, counting the shank lengths (namely, commercial chicken shank lengths) of chickens bred by the 1-4 and Wenchang chicken mating lines in the final embodiment 1, and carrying out other processes in the same way as the embodiment 1. The relevant performance indexes of the finally bred chickens under different shin long strips are shown in the following table.
As can be seen from the table, in the breeding process of the K-line male parent, chickens with shank lengths of 6.34+/-0.15, 6.65+/-0.19 and 6.82+/-0.18 cm are selected for cultivation respectively in the breeding process of the 10-week-old male parent, the shank lengths of the obtained commercial chickens are controlled to be about 6.8-7.5 cm, and the shank lengths are short, so that the commercial chickens meet market preference. And the weight is controlled to be 1543-1583 g in 16 weeks, so that the weight is high and the growth vigor is good. The feed conversion rate is high, and the cost is remarkably saved, wherein the feed conversion rate is low and controlled within 3.64:1, and the minimum feed conversion rate can be within 3.61:1. The survival rate is high and reaches 97.8 percent. Therefore, when the hen is 65-75 days old, the individual with the hen shank length of 6.0-7.2 cm is selected, and the growth performance of commercial chickens can be remarkably improved.
On the contrary, in the breeding process of the K-line male parent, chickens with shank lengths of 5.83+/-0.13 and 7.29+/-0.21 cm are selected for cultivation respectively in the breeding process of the 10-week-old female parent, so that the obtained commercial chickens have the shank lengths of over 7.83cm and cannot cater to consumer preference. And the weight of the body is about 1520-1530 g in 16 weeks, which is reduced by 20-60 g compared with the weight of the application, the weight shows a remarkable reduction trend, and the growth vigor is poor. Meanwhile, the feed conversion rate is obviously reduced and the cost is increased by increasing the feed conversion rate to 3.69:1. Compared with the method of the application, the survival rate is obviously reduced to 97 percent. Therefore, when the hen is 65-75 days old, the individual with the hen shank length smaller than 6.0cm or larger than 7.2cm is selected, the growth performance of commercial chickens shows a remarkable reduction trend, the cost is greatly increased, and the survival rate is reduced.
Similarly, in the breeding process of the K-line male parent and in the breeding process of the male chicken at the age of 65-75 days, individuals with the shank length of 6.5-7.8 cm are selected in the selection process of the cock, and the growth performance of commercial chickens can be obviously improved. Otherwise, individuals with the length of less than 6.5cm or more than 7.8cm are selected, and the growth performance of commercial chickens shows a remarkable reduction trend.
As can be seen from the table, in the breeding process of the K-line male parent, chickens with the shin length of 6.34+/-0.15, 6.65+/-0.19 and 6.82+/-0.18 cm are selected for cultivation respectively in the breeding process of the 10-week-old male parent, and the slaughtering performance of the obtained commercial chickens is obviously better than that of the chickens with the shin length of less than 6.0cm or more than 7.2cm, so that in the selection process, chickens with specific shin lengths are selected, and the slaughtering performance of the bred commercial chickens is obviously higher than that of chickens with other shin lengths.
3-2, the breeding process, on the basis of the embodiment 1, in the specific breeding method in the process of changing the breeding of the female parent of the 1-3 and M series, in the process of selecting the seeds of 10 weeks old, selecting chickens with different shank lengths (the sample size n is 1000) to carry out the subsequent breeding process, counting the shank lengths of the chickens bred by the mating line of the 1-4 and Wenchang chickens in the final embodiment 1 (namely, the commercial chicken shank lengths), and other processes are the same as the embodiment 1. The relevant performance indexes and growth rules of the finally bred chickens under different shin long strips are the same as those of the 3-1 part.
Therefore, when the shank length data in the range of the application are selected, individuals with the shank length of 6.5-7.8 cm of the cock are selected when the period of 65-75 days is long, and/or individuals with the shank length of 6.5-7.8 cm of the hen are selected when the period of 107-117 days is long, and the production performance and slaughtering performance of the commodity and the production performance of the commodity can be obviously improved.
Performance characterization 4: sexual maturity stage
Recording the sexual maturity stages of chickens obtained by different hybridization methods of the example 1 and the comparative example 1, wherein the sexual maturity stages are 105-110 days and 112-120 days respectively; as can be seen by comparison, the sexual maturity of example 1 is 105-110 days, 2-15 days earlier than the sexual maturity of other cultivation methods, up to 15 days, and the sexual maturity is significantly accelerated.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cultivating Wenchang chicken complete set system comprises the following steps:
1) Culturing the K-line male parent:
using Wenchang chicken as a material, and performing generation breeding to obtain a quick-feather Wenchang chicken hen serving as a primary parent system;
using Sanhuang chicken as a material, performing generation breeding to obtain a fast-feather Sanhuang chicken cock as a primary male parent;
crossing the primary parent line and the primary parent line, and fixing the crossed lines to obtain a fast feather cock, namely a K-line male parent;
2) Culturing M-line female parent:
by using Wenchang chicken as material and through generation selection and test cross homozygosity, slow-feather Wenchang chicken hen, i.e. M-line female parent is obtained;
in the test cross homozygous process, selecting slow feather homozygous Wenchang chicken cock and slow feather Wenchang chicken hen;
the breeding method of the slow-feather homozygous Wenchang chicken cock comprises the following steps:
2-1) selecting an I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock and an I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken hen;
2-2) breeding different I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chickens by each I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock, and breeding II-generation Wenchang chickens;
2-3) screening the II-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock in the step 2-2) to obtain a slow-feather homozygous Wenchang chicken cock;
wherein, the II-generation Wenchang chickens cultivated by the I-generation slow-feather Wenchang chicken cock are slow-feather type;
3) Hybridizing the K-line male parent and the M-line female parent to obtain a Wenchang chicken mating line;
in the step 1) and the step 2-2), when the hen is 65-75 days old, selecting an individual with a hen shin length of 6.0-7.2 cm and a cock shin length of 6.5-7.8 cm;
in the step 1) and the step 2-2), when the chickens are 107-117 days old, selecting individuals with hen shins of 6.5-7.8 cm and cock shins of 7.0-9.0 cm;
in the breeding and/or hybridization process, selecting chicken with tail feather less than or equal to 4.5cm and/or individual with yellow feather or yellow feather.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2-2), each of the I-generation slow-feather type Wenchang chicken breeds not less than 10I-generation slow-feather type Wenchang chicken hens.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the individual having a weight of 1300 to 1450g is selected at 65 to 75 days of age.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2-2), the individual having a weight of 1100 to 1300g is selected at an age of 65 to 75 days.
5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1) and the step 2-2), the individual having a weight of 1200 to 1800g is selected at an age of 107 to 117 days.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the breeding and/or hybridization process, hens with egg weight of 38-50 g are selected.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the breeding and/or hybridization process, individuals whose main wing feathers and track main wing feathers have a length difference of 0.5cm or less are selected at the time of hatching.
8. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sexual maturity of the Wenchang chicken line is 105 to 110 days.
9. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hens of the Wenchang chicken line are 16 weeks old with a weight of 1500 to 160 g; the weight of the cock at 13 weeks of age is 1400-1500 g.
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