CN116313700A - Double-circular waveguide overmode output window suitable for high-power traveling wave tube and traveling wave tube - Google Patents
Double-circular waveguide overmode output window suitable for high-power traveling wave tube and traveling wave tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN116313700A CN116313700A CN202310126485.8A CN202310126485A CN116313700A CN 116313700 A CN116313700 A CN 116313700A CN 202310126485 A CN202310126485 A CN 202310126485A CN 116313700 A CN116313700 A CN 116313700A
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/12—Vessels; Containers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
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Abstract
The invention provides a double-circular waveguide overmode output window suitable for a high-power traveling wave tube and the traveling wave tube, wherein the double-circular waveguide overmode output window comprises two window frames which are symmetrically arranged and provided with cavities; and a window pane located between the two window frames; the cavity comprises a straight waveguide section, a first circular waveguide section and a second circular waveguide section which are communicated in sequence; the window piece is positioned between the two second circular waveguide sections; the radius of the first circular waveguide section is smaller than the radius of the second circular waveguide section. The double-circular waveguide overmode output window can realize stable output of the G-band kilowatt-level high-peak power and high-average power traveling wave tube, and meet the wide bandwidth requirement of the traveling wave tube output window.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave vacuum electronics. More particularly, the invention relates to a double-circular waveguide overmode output window suitable for a high-power traveling wave tube and the traveling wave tube.
Background
The output window is an important part of the high-power traveling wave tube, and has the main functions of transmitting microwave power generated by the traveling wave tube amplifier to loads such as an antenna and the like through transmission lines such as rectangular waveguides and the like, and guaranteeing the vacuum sealing performance of the traveling wave tube. The power transmission in the traveling wave tube generally uses a standard waveguide matched with the working wavelength, and works in a fundamental mode state, for example, in a G-band, and generally adopts a rectangular waveguide with WR4 specification. Accordingly, the design of the output window is also based on such a fundamental mode standard waveguide. However, in terahertz high-power traveling wave tubes, there are two reasons why it is desirable to employ an overmode transmission system. Firstly, the standard waveguide power capacity matched with the working wavelength cannot meet the use requirement, and the corresponding window size and power capacity are smaller. Therefore, in high peak power and high average power traveling wave tubes, damage to the output window is one of the main causes of failure of the traveling wave tube. And secondly, the high-frequency loss of the standard waveguide transmission system is too large. In order to reduce the power loss on the line, it is necessary to use a waveguide of larger size. When an overmode waveguide system is adopted, the design difficulty of an output window is obviously increased, and particularly, the working bandwidth is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a double-circular waveguide overmode output window suitable for a high-power traveling wave tube and the traveling wave tube, wherein the double-circular waveguide overmode output window can realize stable output of the G-band kilowatt-level high-peak power and high-average power traveling wave tube and meet the wide bandwidth requirement of the traveling wave tube output window.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a double-circular waveguide overmode output window suitable for a high-power traveling wave tube, which comprises the following components:
two window frames with cavities are symmetrically arranged; and
a window pane positioned between the two window frames;
the cavity comprises a straight waveguide section, a first circular waveguide section and a second circular waveguide section which are communicated in sequence;
the window piece is positioned between the two second circular waveguide sections;
the radius of the first circular waveguide section is smaller than the radius of the second circular waveguide section.
Furthermore, preferably, the window frame is arranged coaxially with the window sheet; the straight waveguide section, the first circular waveguide section and the second circular waveguide section are coaxially arranged.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the straight waveguide section has a rectangular cross section; in the same horizontal plane, the axes of the two straight waveguide sections coincide.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the width dimension of the straight waveguide section is in the range of 1.8 to 2.032mm and the height dimension is in the range of 0.9 to 1.016mm.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the radius dimension of the first circular waveguide section is in the range of 1.15 to 1.17mm, and the thickness dimension is in the range of 0.26 to 0.28mm.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the radius dimension of the second circular waveguide section is in the range of 1.59 to 1.61mm, and the thickness dimension is in the range of 0.36 to 0.38mm.
In addition, preferably, the window is a round window, the radius of the window ranges from 2.1 mm to 2.2mm, and the thickness of the window ranges from 0.19 mm to 0.21mm.
Furthermore, it is preferred that the diagonal length of the vertical section of the straight waveguide section is smaller than the diameter of the first circular waveguide section.
In addition, preferably, the processing technology of the double-circular waveguide over-mode output window is micro milling processing.
The invention also provides a traveling wave tube, which comprises the double-circular waveguide over-mode output window. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the traditional box-type window structure, the invention can effectively expand the working bandwidth of the rectangular waveguide output window under the over-mode transmission, reduce the possibility of breakdown at the sealing edge, and the bandwidth of the double-circular waveguide over-mode output window reaches 8GHz (211-219 GHz is smaller than-20 dB standard) to meet the bandwidth requirement of the high-power traveling wave tube, while the bandwidth of the box-type output window is 4.8GHz (smaller than-20 dB standard) to not meet the requirement; the electric field amplitude of the electric field at the sealing edge is far smaller than 10 < 5 > V/m, so that the possibility of breakdown of the sealing edge is greatly reduced. And the whole structure is simple to process, easy to realize, wide in bandwidth, good in matching and free of breakdown weak points at the sealing edge.
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1A is a schematic view of the overall structure of a conventional box-type window structure.
Fig. 1B is a front view of a conventional box-type window structure.
Fig. 2 is a graph of reflection parameters S11 of a conventional box-type output window.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the electric field at the sealed edge of a conventional box-type output window.
Fig. 4A is a schematic overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4B is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the reflection parameter S11 of the present invention with that of the conventional box-type output window.
Figure 6 is a graph of the electric field at the sealing edge of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the window frame of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
The output window currently used in traveling wave tubes is a box-type window structure, see fig. 1A and 1B. The structure adopts a connection mode of rectangular waveguide-circular window sheet-circular waveguide-rectangular waveguide in the electromagnetic wave transmission direction. The box-shaped window operating in the G-band typically employs WR4 waveguides with dimensions of 1.092mm x 0.546mm. To increase the power capacity and reduce the transmission loss we need to use WR8 waveguides with dimensions 2.032mm x 1.016mm. At this time, in the over-mode transmission state, the standard structure box-type output window exhibits two disadvantages. First, the bandwidth is relatively narrow, as shown in FIG. 2, with only 4.8GHz below-20 dB. Because the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the rectangular waveguide is in an overmode state, a single circular waveguide is difficult to form a good match between the rectangular waveguide and the circular window, so that the S11 reflection parameter is deteriorated. And secondly, the edge electric field at the sealing part of the round window sheet and the round waveguide is larger, and in order to ensure the vacuum environment in the traveling wave tube, the round window sheet and the round waveguide are required to be welded and sealed. The sealing part is a weak point for causing the working breakdown of the output window of the high-power traveling wave tube, and the electric field distribution condition of the sealing part is shown in figure 3. The outermost white circle in FIG. 3 represents the sealing of the circular window with the circular waveguide, the electric field amplitude at the sealing edge is still 10 < 5 > V/m, and the probability of breakdown in the Y direction is greater.
In order to realize stable output of the G-band kilowatt high-peak power and high-average power traveling wave tube and meet the wide bandwidth requirement of an output window of the traveling wave tube. The invention provides a double-circular waveguide mode output window suitable for a high-power traveling wave tube, which is shown in combination with fig. 4A to 7, and specifically comprises: two window frames with cavities are symmetrically arranged; and a window pane 40 located between the two window frames; the cavity comprises a straight waveguide section 10, a first circular waveguide section 20 and a second circular waveguide section 30 which are communicated in sequence; the window 40 is located between the two second circular waveguide sections 30; the radius of the first circular waveguide section 20 is smaller than the radius of the second circular waveguide section 30.
In the above embodiment, the left and right parts of the output window are symmetrically placed window frames, and the middle parts of the window frames tightly clamp the window sheets 40; the radius of the second circular waveguide section 30 is always larger than the radius of the first circular waveguide section 20; by calculating the impedance of the circular waveguide section, the larger the radius of the circular waveguide section is, the closer the impedance value is to the window. The smaller the radius of the circular waveguide segment, the closer its impedance value is to the rectangular straight waveguide segment. So that the impedance of each component on the overmode window is continuously variable (continuously increasing or decreasing instead of abruptly changing, and is large and small), the first circular waveguide section 20 should be close to the straight waveguide section 10, and the second circular waveguide section 30 should be close to the window 40; thus, the impedance transformation function is good, the wide-band matching is realized, and the wide-band reflection coefficient of S11 in FIG. 5 below-20 dB is achieved.
Further, the thickness of the second circular waveguide section 30 is always larger than that of the first circular waveguide section 20, so that the effects of better expanding the working bandwidth and reducing the possibility of breakdown can be achieved; in order to ensure the feasibility of processing and to avoid leakage of electromagnetic waves during transmission, the diagonal length of the vertical section of the rectangular straight waveguide section 10 is always smaller than the diameter of the first circular waveguide section 20.
Compared with the traditional box-type window structure, the invention can effectively expand the working bandwidth of the rectangular waveguide output window under the over-mode transmission and reduce the possibility of breakdown at the sealing edge. Fig. 5 shows that the bandwidth of the box-type output window (solid line) reaches 8GHz (211-219 GHz is less than-20 dB standard) to meet the bandwidth requirement of the high-power traveling wave tube, while the bandwidth of the box-type output window (broken line) is 4.8GHz (less than-20 dB standard) to not meet the requirement, compared with the reflection parameter S11 of the double-circular waveguide over-mode output window. And the electric field at the sealing edge of the invention is shown in figure 6, and the amplitude of the electric field at the sealing position of the white ring is far smaller than 10 < 5 > V/m, so that the possibility of breakdown of the sealing edge is greatly reduced.
It should be noted that, in the conventional box-type window, the bandwidth is generally enough to meet the requirements of the corresponding frequency band, but in the high-power device, especially the high-peak power device, the bandwidth of the conventional box-type window is greatly reduced, which is caused by the design of the rectangular waveguide adopting the overmode waveguide. In order to further expand the bandwidth under the over-mode condition on the basis of the box-type window and not increase the complexity of the process, the double-circular waveguide over-mode output window is designed. The conventional box-type window has only one valley in the reflection coefficient S11 pattern, as shown in fig. 2, and the bandwidth is basically generated by the valley (near the frequency 216GHz in fig. 2), so that the bandwidth can be theoretically expanded as long as a plurality of valleys are introduced in the S11 pattern, and the number of the valleys is found to be closely related to the number of the circular waveguides through research, so that the number of the valleys in the S11 pattern can be increased to two through the double circular waveguide over-mode output window, and the bandwidth expansion purpose is achieved when the area between the two valleys meets the condition of being lower than-20 dB, as shown in fig. 5.
In addition, the root for reducing the likelihood of breakdown at the edges of the seal is how to keep the electric field value at the ceramic-metal seal as small as possible, since the seal is a weak point that causes breakdown of the high peak power device output window. In fact, since the rectangular straight waveguide section of the present invention is an overmode waveguide, the electromagnetic wave mode transmitted in the output window is more than one, which is quite different from the traditional box-type window, and it is found through research that the mode which can exist in the overmode window theoretically exceeds one hundred, wherein the artificially resolvable low-order modes mainly comprise a TE11 traveling wave mode and a TMn traveling wave mode, and further some high-order standing wave modes. By controlling the parameters of the energy transmission window, the electric fields of TE11, TMn and high-order standing waves in the sealing part are smaller by an order of magnitude than the maximum electric field value, namely, when kilowatt power is transmitted, the fringe electric field is in a lower and very safe condition when the fringe electric field is 10-4V/m. It should be noted that in addition to the above consideration of the transmission mode, the reflected wave of the over-mode energy transmission window at the interface between the medium vacuum and the medium atmosphere needs to be further considered, so as to finally achieve the purpose of reducing the possibility of breakdown.
It will be appreciated that, referring to fig. 7, in the G-band, rectangular waveguides of WR 4-specification are generally used, that is, the overmode output window is to be based on connection with standard waveguides. For the G-band, this standard waveguide is WR4, and the fundamental mode of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, i.e., TE10, is required to transition from WR4 to WR 8.
In one embodiment, the window frame is disposed coaxially with the window 40; the straight waveguide section 10, the first circular waveguide section 20 and the second circular waveguide section 30 are coaxially arranged; the section of the straight waveguide section 10 is rectangular; in the same horizontal plane, the axes of the two straight waveguide sections 10 coincide. Further, the width dimension of the straight waveguide section 10 is in the range of 1.8-2.032 mm, and the height dimension is in the range of 0.9-1.016 mm.
In a specific embodiment, the radius of the first circular waveguide section 20 ranges from 1.15 mm to 1.17mm, and the thickness ranges from 0.26 mm to 0.28mm; the radius of the second circular waveguide section 30 ranges from 1.59 to 1.61mm in size and the thickness ranges from 0.36 to 0.38mm in size.
In one embodiment, the window 40 is a circular window, and has a radius ranging from 2.1 mm to 2.2mm and a thickness ranging from 0.19 mm to 0.21mm; the circular window radius is greater than the radius of any circular waveguide segment. Preferably, the thickness of the window 40 is fixed at about 0.2mm and does not substantially change.
The whole structure of the invention can be regarded as a rectangular waveguide combined with two circular waveguides with different sizes and circular window sheets. The width a=2.032 mm of the rectangular straight waveguide section 10, the height b=1.016 mm of the rectangular straight waveguide section 10, the length l of the rectangular straight waveguide section 10 is more than or equal to 4mm, and the radius R of the first circular waveguide section 20 c2 =1.16mm, thickness h of first circular waveguide section 20 c2 =0.25 mm, radius R of the second circular waveguide section 30 c1 =1.6mm, thickness h of second circular waveguide section 30 c1 =0.4mm, radius R of circular window 40 w 2.15mm, circular window 40 thickness h w =0.2 mm. Wherein the window 40 is made of diamond material and has a relative dielectric constant of 5.68. In a specific processing flow, after centering the window sheet 40, the double circular waveguide over-mode output window can be obtained by utilizing a magnetron sputtering technology and a brazing sealing technology.
The double-circular waveguide over-mode output window can be processed in a micro-milling mode, is simple to process and easy to implement, has wider bandwidth, is well matched, and has no breakdown weak point at the sealing edge.
In addition, the invention also provides a traveling wave tube, which comprises the double-circular waveguide mode-passing output window. The specific structure of the output window of the traveling wave tube refers to the above embodiment, and because the traveling wave tube adopts all the technical solutions of the above embodiment, the traveling wave tube at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiment, and will not be described in detail herein.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a pair of circular waveguide overmode output window suitable for high-power travelling wave tube which characterized in that includes:
two window frames with cavities are symmetrically arranged; and
a window pane positioned between the two window frames;
the cavity comprises a straight waveguide section, a first circular waveguide section and a second circular waveguide section which are communicated in sequence;
the window piece is positioned between the two second circular waveguide sections;
the radius of the first circular waveguide section is smaller than the radius of the second circular waveguide section.
2. The dual circular waveguide overmode output window for a high power traveling wave tube of claim 1, wherein the window frame is coaxially disposed with the window sheet; the straight waveguide section, the first circular waveguide section and the second circular waveguide section are coaxially arranged.
3. The dual circular waveguide overmode output window for a high power traveling wave tube of claim 1, wherein the straight waveguide section is rectangular in cross section; in the same horizontal plane, the axes of the two straight waveguide sections coincide.
4. A dual circular waveguide overmode output window for a high power traveling wave tube as claimed in claim 3, wherein the width dimension of the straight waveguide section is in the range of 1.8-2.032 mm and the height dimension is in the range of 0.9-1.016 mm.
5. The dual circular waveguide overmode output window for a high power traveling wave tube of claim 1, wherein the first circular waveguide section has a radius dimension in the range of 1.15-1.17 mm and a thickness dimension in the range of 0.26-0.28 mm.
6. The dual circular waveguide overmode output window for a high power traveling wave tube of claim 1, wherein the second circular waveguide section has a radius dimension in the range of 1.59-1.61 mm and a thickness dimension in the range of 0.36-0.38 mm.
7. The dual circular waveguide overmode output window for high-power traveling wave tube of claim 1, wherein the window is a circular window with a radius ranging from 2.1 mm to 2.2mm and a thickness ranging from 0.19 mm to 0.21mm.
8. A dual circular waveguide overmode output window for a high power traveling wave tube as claimed in claim 3, wherein the diagonal length of the vertical cross section of the straight waveguide section is less than the diameter of the first circular waveguide section.
9. The dual circular waveguide mode output window for a high power traveling wave tube of claim 1, wherein the dual circular waveguide mode output window is micro-milled.
10. A travelling wave tube comprising a dual circular waveguide overmode output window as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310126485.8A CN116313700A (en) | 2023-02-16 | 2023-02-16 | Double-circular waveguide overmode output window suitable for high-power traveling wave tube and traveling wave tube |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310126485.8A CN116313700A (en) | 2023-02-16 | 2023-02-16 | Double-circular waveguide overmode output window suitable for high-power traveling wave tube and traveling wave tube |
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| CN116313700A true CN116313700A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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