CN116298901A - Estimation method of battery residual energy SOE - Google Patents
Estimation method of battery residual energy SOE Download PDFInfo
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- CN116298901A CN116298901A CN202211631108.1A CN202211631108A CN116298901A CN 116298901 A CN116298901 A CN 116298901A CN 202211631108 A CN202211631108 A CN 202211631108A CN 116298901 A CN116298901 A CN 116298901A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for estimating battery residual energy SOE, which comprises the following steps: generating an SOC-OCV curve based on the corresponding relation between the battery residual quantity SOC and the open circuit voltage OCV, and generating a temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table based on different temperatures; acquiring voltage compensation factors VoltFactor and rated voltage RatedVolt under different SOCs; and estimating the battery residual energy SOE_nom at normal temperature, and estimating the battery residual energy SOE at different temperatures according to the SOC freezing condition SOC_bottom and the capacity retention rate in the low-temperature environment. The invention fully considers the influence of temperature, battery residual quantity SOC and voltage on the battery residual energy SOE, converts the conventional parameter SOC of the battery into SOE, is convenient to realize and shortens the development period, and fully reflects the discharging capability of the battery at different temperatures and different SOCs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and particularly relates to an estimation method for generating SOE based on SOC.
Background
The battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) is used as one of the core components of the electric automobile, is always the focus of electric automobile research and development, SOC, SOH, SOP and SOE are the most critical parameters of the BMS, in the running process of the automobile, the lithium battery performs complex chemical reaction, the relation parameters such as SOC, SOH, SOP and SOE cannot be directly obtained, and only battery voltage and temperature can be collected through the BMS, and indirect estimation can be performed through a lithium battery model and an estimation algorithm. In the use process of the battery, the SOC is generally used for representing the residual discharge capacity of the battery, but when the SOC represents the discharge capacity of the battery, the SOC has obvious defects, on the one hand, the SOC cannot represent the same SOC change, and the higher the battery voltage is, the more the electric quantity is released, and the longer the endurance mileage is; on the other hand, the SOC cannot represent the same SOC change, and the higher the temperature is, the more the electric quantity is released and the longer the endurance time is. SOE fully considers the effect of temperature and cell voltage on battery discharge capacity compared to battery SOC. The SOE is similar to the residual oil quantity in the fuel vehicle, is a key for mileage calculation, and accurate SOE calculation can effectively provide a reliable reference for the travel of the end user, so that the user experience is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for estimating the battery remaining energy SOE.
The invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme, and the estimation method of the battery residual energy SOE comprises the following steps:
s1, generating an SOC-OCV curve based on the corresponding relation between the battery residual quantity SOC and the open circuit voltage OCV, and generating a temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table based on different temperatures;
s2, acquiring voltage compensation factors VoltFactor and rated voltage RatedVolt under different SOCs based on the SOC-OCV curve;
s3, estimating the residual energy SOE_nom of the battery at normal temperature according to the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor, the rated voltage RatedVolt and the nominal capacity cap of the battery, and estimating the residual energy SOE of the battery at different temperatures according to the SOC freezing condition SOC_bottom under a low-temperature environment and the capacity retention rates in a temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table at different temperatures.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step S1, the step of generating the SOC-OCV curve based on the correspondence relationship between the battery remaining capacity SOC and the open circuit voltage OCV is specifically,
a. placing the battery core of the battery in an environment of 25 ℃ until the temperature of the battery core is 25 ℃, and standing for 60min;
b. charging the battery to a charge cutoff voltage with a current of 1/3C, and then charging the battery to the charge cutoff voltage with a current of 0.1C;
c. cooling to 25deg.C, standing for 60min, discharging to 5% Q with 1/3C current 0 Standing for 4 hours later, recording the current battery voltage as OCV and the current SOC, repeating the steps until discharging to Q 0 Post-stop, where Q 0 Represents discharge energy;
d. and recording the corresponding relation between the SOC and the OCV, and generating an SOC-OCV curve of the corresponding relation between the battery residual electric quantity SOC and an open circuit voltage OCV table.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of generating the table of temperature-capacity retention ratios correspondence at different temperatures in the step S1 is specifically,
placing the battery core of the battery in an environment of 25 ℃ until the temperature of the battery core is 25 ℃, and standing for 60min;
charging the battery to a charge cutoff voltage with a current of 1C, and then charging the battery to the charge cutoff voltage with a current of 0.1C;
standing for 60min after the temperature of the battery cell is 25 ℃;
continuously discharging to discharge cut-off voltage with current of 1/3C, recording to obtain discharge energy Q 0 ；
Adjusting the temperature, continuously discharging to discharge cut-off voltage at different temperatures, and obtaining discharge energy at different temperatures, namely Q (T);
according to a capacity retention rate calculation formula, obtaining capacity retention rates at different temperatures, wherein the capacity retention rate calculation formula is as follows:
η＝Q(T)/Q 0 ；
and generating a temperature-capacity retention rate correspondence table according to the capacity retention rates eta at different temperatures.
As a further preferable aspect of the invention, the step of acquiring the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor and the rated voltage RatedVolt under different SOCs based on the SOC-OCV curve in the step S2 specifically includes:
according to the SOC-OCV curve, voltage compensation factors VoltFactor and rated voltage RatedVolt under different SOCs are calculated respectively and according to the following formulas:
where BatNum represents the number of cells.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the battery remaining energy SOE1 at normal temperature is estimated according to the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor, the rated voltage RatedVolt, and the nominal capacity cap of the battery, and then the battery remaining energy SOE at different temperatures is estimated according to the SOC freezing condition soc_bottom in the low-temperature environment and the capacity retention rates in the temperature-capacity retention rate correspondence table at different temperatures,
s301, calculating a charge capacity cap of the battery, wherein the charge capacity cap is represented by the following formula:
s302, using the battery residual capacity SOC, the battery health state SOH and the nominal capacity Cap to represent the charging capacity Cap, wherein the formula is as follows:
cap＝SOC*SOH*Cap
s303, according to the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor and the rated voltage RatedVolt, an estimation formula of the battery residual energy SOE_nom at normal temperature can be obtained and expressed as follows:
SOE_nom＝SOH*Cap*SOC*RatedVolt*VoltFactor
s304, estimating the residual energy SOE of the battery at different temperatures according to the SOC freezing condition Soc_bottom under the low-temperature environment and the capacity retention rate in a temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table at different temperatures, wherein the residual energy SOE is shown in the following formula:
SOE＝SOH*Cap*RatedVolt*(SOC*VoltFactor(soc-SOC_bottom*VoltFactor(SOC_bottom
wherein the freezing condition soc_bottom is expressed as a difference between 100% and the capacity retention rate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention fully considers the influence of temperature, SOC and voltage on SOE, and the conventional parameters of the battery are quasi-changed into SOE through the corresponding relation table of the OCV-SOC and the corresponding relation table of the temperature capacity retention rate, thereby realizing simplicity, shortening the development period and fully reflecting the discharging capability of the battery at different temperatures and different SOCs.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of an embodiment of SOC-OCV curves at different temperatures in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the following detailed description is merely illustrative of the application and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the application will be to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for estimating battery remaining energy SOE includes the steps of:
s1: an SOC-OCV curve based on the correspondence between the battery remaining amount SOC and the open circuit voltage OCV is generated, and a temperature-capacity retention ratio correspondence table based on different temperatures is generated.
In this embodiment, the specific procedure is as follows:
and obtaining the corresponding relation between the battery residual quantity SOC and the open-circuit voltage OCV and the corresponding relation between the temperature and the capacity retention rate through test, and generating an SOC-OCV curve and a temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table.
The preparation method of the SOC-OCV curve shown in Table 1 is as follows:
a. placing the battery core of the battery in an environment of 25 ℃ until the temperature of the battery core is 25 ℃, and standing for 60min;
b. charging the battery to a charge cutoff voltage with a current of 1/3C, and then charging the battery to the charge cutoff voltage with a current of 0.1C;
c. cooling to 25deg.C, standing for 60min, discharging to 5% Q with 1/3C current 0 Standing for 4 hours later, recording the current battery voltage as OCV and the current SOC, repeating the steps until discharging to Q 0 Stopping after that;
d. and recording the corresponding relation between the SOC and the OCV, and generating an SOC-OCV curve of the corresponding relation between the battery residual electric quantity SOC and an open circuit voltage OCV table.
TABLE 1 SOC-OCV Curve
| |
0％ | 5％ | 10％ | 15％ | 20％ | 25％ | 30％ | 35％ | 40％ | 45％ | 50％ |
| OCV | 2.775 | 3.150 | 3.205 | 3.220 | 3.247 | 3.265 | 3.280 | 3.286 | 3.288 | 3.289 | 3.289 |
| SOC | 55％ | 60％ | 65％ | 70％ | 75％ | 80％ | 85％ | 90％ | 95％ | 100％ | |
| OCV | 3.291 | 3.297 | 3.314 | 3.326 | 3.328 | 3.328 | 3.328 | 3.328 | 3.328 | 3.340 |
The method for preparing the temperature-capacity retention ratio correspondence table shown in table 2 is as follows:
a. placing the battery core of the battery in an environment of 25 ℃ until the temperature of the battery core is 25 ℃, and standing for 60min;
b. charging the battery pack to a charge cutoff voltage with a 1C current, and then charging the battery to the charge cutoff voltage with a 0.1C current;
c. standing for 60min after the temperature of the battery core of the battery is 25 ℃;
d. continuously discharging to discharge cut-off voltage at 1/3C, and recording discharge energy as W 0 And testing;
e. sequentially adjusting the temperature T to-20 ℃, -10 ℃, 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 25 ℃ and 45 ℃, recording the capacity in the discharge process as Q (T), and testing;
f. according to Q (T)/Q 0 And calculating to obtain the capacity retention rate eta at different temperatures, and generating a temperature-capacity retention rate correspondence table.
TABLE 2 temperature-capacity retention ratio correspondence table
| Temperature (temperature) | -20℃ | -10 |
0℃ | 10℃ | 25℃ | 45℃ |
| Capacity retention η | 84.15％ | 93.97％ | 96.14％ | 98.46％ | 100％ | 101.31％ |
S2, acquiring voltage compensation factors VoltFactor and rated voltage RatedVolt under different SOCs based on the SOC-OCV curve.
Obtaining corresponding open-circuit voltage OCV under different battery residual electric quantity SOCs according to the SOC-OCV curve, substituting the battery residual electric quantity SOCs and the corresponding open-circuit voltage OCV into a voltage compensation factor calculation formula to calculate, and obtaining a voltage compensation factor Voltfactor under the different battery residual electric quantity SOCs, wherein the voltage compensation factor calculation formula is as follows:
an SOC-VoltFactor correspondence table is generated as shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 SOC-VoltFactor correspondence table
| |
0％ | 5％ | 10％ | 15％ | 20％ | 25％ | 30％ |
| VoltFactor | 0.8507 | 0.9082 | 0.9330 | 0.9465 | 0.9563 | 0.9637 | 0.9697 |
| SOC | 35％ | 40％ | 45％ | 50％ | 55％ | 60％ | 65％ |
| VoltFactor | 0.9744 | 0.9781 | 0.9811 | 0.9836 | 0.9857 | 0.9876 | 0.9897 |
| SOC | 70％ | 75％ | 80％ | 85％ | 90％ | 95％ | 100％ |
| VoltFactor | 0.9917 | 0.9934 | 0.9950 | 0.9964 | 0.9977 | 0.9988 | 1.0000 |
The method comprises the steps of obtaining a basic parameter nominal capacity Cap of a battery at the current temperature, obtaining a basic parameter battery residual capacity SOC and a battery health state SOH of a battery management system BMS, calculating to obtain a rated total pressure RatedVolt, and obtaining the rated total pressure RatedVolt, and specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring the battery number BatNum of the battery;
acquiring the battery residual capacity SOC at the current temperature;
based on the SOC-OCV curve, obtaining an open circuit voltage OCV corresponding to the battery residual quantity SOC at the current temperature, substituting the battery number BatNum, the battery residual quantity SOC at the current temperature and the open circuit voltage OCV into a rated total voltage calculation formula to obtain a rated total voltage RatedVolt, wherein the rated total voltage calculation formula is as follows:
obtaining voltage compensation factors VoltFactor and capacity retention rate eta under different SOC (state of charge) based on the battery residual electric quantity SOC, the SOC-VoltFactor corresponding relation table and the temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table;
s3, estimating the residual energy SOE_nom of the battery at normal temperature according to the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor, the rated voltage RatedVolt and the nominal capacity cap of the battery, and estimating the residual energy SOE of the battery at different temperatures according to the SOC freezing condition SOC_bottom under a low-temperature environment and the capacity retention rates in a temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table at different temperatures.
In this embodiment, the normal temperature remaining available energy soe_nom of the battery is calculated as follows:
wherein V represents the total voltage of the battery, I represents the current, and t represents the charging time;
the expression of the total battery voltage V is:
V＝BatNum*OCV (2)；
wherein, batNum represents the number of batteries, OCV represents the open-circuit voltage;
substituting formula (2) into formula (1) to obtain:
the charge capacity cap of the battery is calculated as follows:
substituting formula (4) into formula (3) to obtain:
the charge capacity cap can also be expressed as:
cap＝SOC*SOH*Cap (6)；
wherein Cap represents a nominal capacity;
substituting formula (6) into formula (5) to obtain:
the rated total pressure RatedVolt is calculated as follows:
performing form conversion on the formula (8) to obtain a formula (9):
bringing equation (9) into equation (7) yields:
the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor is calculated as follows:
substituting formula (11) into formula (10) yields:
SOE_nom＝Cap*RatedVolt*SOH*SOC*VoltFactor (12)；
because a part of electric quantity can not be released due to freezing in a low-temperature environment, the normal-temperature SOC is discharged to the frozen SOC, and the SOC at low temperature is the SOC temp And (3) obtaining the freezing condition Soc_bottom=100% -capacity retention rate at different temperatures by testing, and obtaining a corresponding relation table of temperature-freezing SOC table, wherein the remaining available energy SOE=0 kWh is already 0.
| Temperature (temperature) | -20℃ | -10 |
0℃ | 10℃ | 25℃ | 40℃ |
| Capacity retention rate | 84.15％ | 93.97％ | 96.14％ | 98.46％ | 100％ | 101.31％ |
| Soc_bottom | 5.85％ | 7.03％ | 3.86％ | 1.54％ | 0％ | 0％ |
In a low-temperature environment, a part of electric quantity cannot be released due to battery polarization, so that a part of SOC is frozen, the frozen SOC is defined as soc_bottom, as shown in FIG. 2, only the electric quantity in the graph (1) can be released, and the residual available electric quantity at different temperatures is as follows:
SOE＝SOH*Cap*RatedVolt*(SOC*VoltFactor(soc)-SOC bottom *VoltFactor(SOC bottom )) (14)。
according to the invention, the current temperature corresponding frozen SOC (soc_bottom) is obtained by linear interpolation of the battery temperature check temperature-frozen SOC table according to the current BMS, and the VoltFactor corresponding to different SOCs is obtained by linear interpolation of the current SOC check temperature-VoltFactor. Substituting the current temperature into the equation corresponding to the frozen SOC (soc_bottom), voltFactor, SOH converts the SOC to SOE. The conventional parameters of the battery are quasi-converted into SOE through the OCV-SOC corresponding relation table and the temperature capacity retention rate corresponding relation table, so that the realization is simple and the development period is shortened; the influence of temperature, SOC and voltage on SOE is fully considered, and the discharging capability of the battery at different temperatures and different SOCs can be fully reflected; general purpose medicineSeparating voltage compensation factors
The discharge capacity of the battery can be effectively reflected in the voltage intervals of different discharges.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for estimating battery remaining energy SOE, comprising the steps of:
s1, generating an SOC-OCV curve based on the corresponding relation between the battery residual quantity SOC and the open circuit voltage OCV, and generating a temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table based on different temperatures;
s2, acquiring voltage compensation factors VoltFactor and rated voltage RatedVolt under different SOCs based on the SOC-OCV curve;
s3, estimating the residual energy SOE_nom of the battery at normal temperature according to the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor, the rated voltage RatedVolt and the nominal capacity cap of the battery, and estimating the residual energy SOE of the battery at different temperatures according to the SOC freezing condition SOC_bottom under a low-temperature environment and the capacity retention rates in a temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table at different temperatures.
2. The method for estimating remaining battery energy SOE according to claim 1, wherein in said step S1, the step of generating an SOC-OCV curve based on the correspondence between the remaining battery power SOC and the open circuit voltage OCV is specifically,
a. placing the battery core of the battery in an environment of 25 ℃ until the temperature of the battery core is 25 ℃, and standing for 60min;
b. charging the battery to a charge cutoff voltage with a current of 1/3C, and then charging the battery to the charge cutoff voltage with a current of 0.1C;
c. cooling to 25deg.C, standing for 60min, discharging to 5% Q with 1/3C current 0 Standing for 4 hours later, recording the current battery voltage as OCV and the current SOC, repeating the steps until discharging to Q 0 Post-stop, where Q 0 Represents discharge energy;
d. and recording the corresponding relation between the SOC and the OCV, and generating an SOC-OCV curve of the corresponding relation between the battery residual electric quantity SOC and an open circuit voltage OCV table.
3. The method for estimating remaining battery energy SOE according to claim 1, wherein said step of generating a temperature-capacity retention ratio correspondence table at different temperatures in step S1 is specifically,
placing the battery core of the battery in an environment of 25 ℃ until the temperature of the battery core is 25 ℃, and standing for 60min;
charging the battery to a charge cutoff voltage with a current of 1C, and then charging the battery to the charge cutoff voltage with a current of 0.1C;
standing for 60min after the temperature of the battery cell is 25 ℃;
continuously discharging to discharge cut-off voltage with current of 1/3C, recording to obtain discharge energy Q 0 ；
Adjusting the temperature, continuously discharging to discharge cut-off voltage at different temperatures, and obtaining discharge energy at different temperatures, namely Q (T);
according to a capacity retention rate calculation formula, obtaining capacity retention rates at different temperatures, wherein the capacity retention rate calculation formula is as follows:
η＝Q(T)/Q 0 ；
and generating a temperature-capacity retention rate correspondence table according to the capacity retention rates eta at different temperatures.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor and the rated voltage RatedVolt at different SOCs based on the SOC-OCV curve in the step S2 is specifically:
according to the SOC-OCV curve, voltage compensation factors VoltFactor and rated voltage RatedVolt under different SOCs are calculated respectively and according to the following formulas:
where BatNum represents the number of cells.
5. The method for estimating a battery remaining energy SOE according to claim 1, wherein the step of estimating the battery remaining energy SOE1 at normal temperature based on the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor, the rated voltage RatedVolt, and the nominal capacity cap of the battery in S3, and further estimating the battery remaining energy SOE at different temperatures based on the SOC freeze condition soc_bottom in a low temperature environment and the capacity retention rates in the temperature-capacity retention rate correspondence table at different temperatures is specifically,
s301, calculating a charge capacity cap of the battery, wherein the charge capacity cap is represented by the following formula:
s302, using the battery residual capacity SOC, the battery health state SOH and the nominal capacity Cap to represent the charging capacity Cap, wherein the formula is as follows:
cap＝SOC*SOH*Cap
s303, according to the voltage compensation factor VoltFactor and the rated voltage RatedVolt, an estimation formula of the battery residual energy SOE_nom at normal temperature can be obtained and expressed as follows:
SOE_nom＝SOH*Cap*SOC*RatedVolt*VoltFactor
s304, estimating the residual energy SOE of the battery at different temperatures according to the SOC freezing condition Soc_bottom under the low-temperature environment and the capacity retention rate in a temperature-capacity retention rate corresponding relation table at different temperatures, wherein the residual energy SOE is shown in the following formula:
SOE＝SOH*Cap*RatedVolt*(SOC*VoltFactor(soc-SOC_bottom*VoltFactor(SOC_bottom
wherein the freezing condition soc_bottom is expressed as a difference between 100% and the capacity retention rate.
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