CN113608132B - Method, system and storage medium for determining residual capacity of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method, system and storage medium for determining residual capacity of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113608132B CN113608132B CN202110882021.0A CN202110882021A CN113608132B CN 113608132 B CN113608132 B CN 113608132B CN 202110882021 A CN202110882021 A CN 202110882021A CN 113608132 B CN113608132 B CN 113608132B
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- DNUHLCAXBJFONM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] DNUHLCAXBJFONM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- AIJRZQRTCRIQFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium cobalt(2+) dioxido(dioxo)manganese nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+].[Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] AIJRZQRTCRIQFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Li] PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
Abstract
The embodiment of the specification provides a method, a system and a storage medium for determining the residual capacity of a lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a capacity voltage differential curve, a current time curve and a temperature time curve of the lithium ion battery in the charging process; determining a first voltage U corresponding to a maximum value in a capacity voltage differential curve 1 And a first time t 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the capacity voltage differential curve, the first voltage U 1 And cut-off voltage U max Determining a second voltage U 2 And a second time t corresponding to it 2 Wherein U is 1 <U 2 ≤U max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the first time t 1 Second time t 2 And current time curveDetermining the filled interval capacity delta Cap; determining the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery according to the temperature time curve; acquiring a residual capacity determining function; according to the first voltage U 1 And determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery by the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the residual capacity determining function.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of electrochemistry, and in particular, to a method and a system for determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery, and a storage medium.
Background
With the rapid development of lithium ion batteries and PACK technology, the market conservation rate of new energy electric vehicles is continuously increased. The power battery system is used as a key part of the electric automobile, and the performance and the safety of the power battery system directly influence the reliability and the safety of the whole automobile. As the number of times of use of the lithium ion battery pack increases, the available capacity of the single lithium ion battery decreases gradually, and the difference between the single lithium ion batteries also protrudes, which adversely affects the performance and safety of the lithium ion battery pack. Accordingly, there is a need for a method and system for determining the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
One aspect of the present specification provides a method of determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a capacity voltage differential curve, a current time curve and a temperature time curve of a lithium ion battery to be tested in a charging process, wherein the charging process comprises an initial voltage U 0 Cut-off voltage U max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Determining a first voltage U corresponding to a maximum value in the capacity voltage differential curve 1 And a first time t 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the capacity voltage differential curve, the first voltage U 1 And the cut-off voltage U max Determining a second voltage U 2 And a second time t corresponding to it 2 Wherein U is 1 <U 2 ≤U max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the first time t 1 Said second time t 2 And said current time profile, determining said first time t 1 And the second time t 2 The interval capacity delta Cap filled in the middle; determining the first time t in the charging process according to the temperature time curve 1 To the second time t 2 In the time period, the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery to be detected; acquiring a residual capacity determining function; and according to the first voltage U 1 The interval capacity ΔCap, the average temperature T, and the remaining capacityAnd determining a function, and determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested.
Another aspect of the present specification provides a system for determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery. The system comprises: at least one processor and at least one memory; the at least one memory is configured to store instructions; and the processor is used for executing the instruction and realizing a method for determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery.
Another aspect of the present specification provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein when the computer reads the computer instructions in the storage medium, the computer executes a method of determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery.
Drawings
The present specification will be further elucidated by way of example embodiments, which will be described in detail by means of the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are not limiting, in which like numerals represent like structures, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a system for determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a system for determining the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments of the present description;
fig. 3 is an exemplary flowchart of a method of determining remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments of the present description;
FIG. 4 is a graph of dQ/dV-t and U-t for a lithium nickel cobalt lithium manganate ion battery according to some embodiments of the present description; and
fig. 5 is a graph of dQ/dV-t and U-t for a lithium iron phosphate battery according to further embodiments of the present description.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present specification, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present specification, and it is possible for those of ordinary skill in the art to apply the present specification to other similar situations according to the drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context of the language or otherwise specified, like reference numerals in the figures refer to like structures or operations.
It will be appreciated that "system," "apparatus," "unit" and/or "module" as used herein is one method for distinguishing between different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels. However, if other words can achieve the same purpose, the words can be replaced by other expressions.
As used in this specification and the claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not specific to a singular, but may include a plurality, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" merely indicate that the steps and elements are explicitly identified, and they do not constitute an exclusive list, as other steps or elements may be included in a method or apparatus.
A flowchart is used in this specification to describe the operations performed by the system according to embodiments of the present specification. It should be appreciated that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in order precisely. Rather, the steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Also, other operations may be added to or removed from these processes.
The embodiment of the specification relates to a method, a system and a storage medium for determining the residual capacity of a lithium ion battery. The method, the system and the storage medium for determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery can be applied to the fields of electrochemical analysis, new energy automobiles and the like. In some embodiments, the method, the system and the storage medium for determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery can be applied to other fields, such as the field of energy conservation of electronic equipment. The method, the system and the storage medium for determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery can provide services such as working state monitoring, problem data analysis, battery management and the like.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may include a server 110, a processing device 120, a storage device 130, a battery management system 140, a network 150, and a user terminal 160.
In some embodiments, the server 110 may be configured to process information and/or data related to the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100, e.g., may determine the remaining capacity of the lithium-ion battery based on charging data during charging of the lithium-ion battery. In some embodiments, the server 110 may be a single server or a group of servers. The server farm may be centralized or distributed, for example, the server 110 may be a distributed system. In some embodiments, server 110 may be local or remote. For example, server 110 may access information and/or data stored in storage device 130, battery management system 140, user terminal 160 via network 150. As another example, the server 110 may be directly connected to the storage device 130, the battery management system 140, and/or the user terminal 160 to access stored information and/or data. In some embodiments, server 110 may be implemented on a cloud platform or provided in a virtual manner. For example only, the cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a community cloud, a distributed cloud, an internal cloud, a multi-layer cloud, or the like, or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, server 110 may include a processing device 120. The processing device 120 may process information and/or data related to the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the processing device 120 may obtain charging data during charging of the lithium-ion battery under test, and determine a remaining capacity and/or a state of health value of the lithium-ion battery under test based on the charging data. In some embodiments, the charging data during charging may include charging current, charging voltage, charging time, battery temperature, and the like. For another example, the processing device 120 may prompt the user to replace the lithium-ion battery under test when the state of health value of the lithium-ion battery under test is less than the threshold value. In some embodiments, processing device 120 may include one or more processing engines (e.g., a single chip processing engine or a multi-chip processing engine). By way of example only, the processing device 120 may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an application specific instruction set processor (ASIP), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Physical Processing Unit (PPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a microcontroller unit, a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), a microprocessor, or the like, or any combination thereof.
The storage device 130 may be used to store data and/or instructions related to lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination. In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may store data obtained/acquired from the battery management system 140 and/or the user terminal 160. In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may store data and/or instructions that are used by the server 110 to perform or use the exemplary methods described in this specification. In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may include mass storage, removable storage, volatile read-write memory, read-only memory (ROM), and the like, or any combination thereof. Exemplary mass storage devices may include magnetic disks, optical disks, solid state disks, and the like. Exemplary removable memory may include flash drives, floppy disks, optical disks, memory cards, compact disks, tape, and the like. Exemplary volatile read-write memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM). Exemplary RAM may include Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), thyristor random access memory (T-RAM), zero capacitance random access memory (Z-RAM), and the like. Exemplary read-only memory may include model read-only memory (MROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk read-only memory, and the like. In some embodiments, storage device 130 may be implemented on a cloud platform. For example only, the cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a community cloud, a distributed cloud, an internal cloud, a multi-layer cloud, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may be connected to the network 150 to communicate with one or more components of the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 (e.g., the server 110, the battery management system 140, the user terminal 160). One or more components of the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may access data or instructions stored in the storage device 130 via the network 150. In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may be directly connected to or in communication with one or more components of the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 (e.g., the server 110, the battery management system 140, the user terminal 160). In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may be part of the server 110. In some embodiments, the storage device 130 may be a separate memory.
The battery management system 140 may be used to manage and/or control the lithium-ion battery. For example, a lithium-ion battery may be subjected to a charge-discharge test by the battery management system 140. For another example, the lithium-ion battery may be locked or unlocked for replacement or installation by the battery management system 140. In some embodiments, the battery management system 140 may send data related to the lithium-ion battery to the processing device 120 for analysis. In some embodiments, the battery management system 140 may transmit data related to the lithium-ion battery to the storage device 130 for storage.
In some embodiments, the battery management system 140 may include a processor. The processor may analyze data from the lithium ion charge and discharge process. For example, the battery management system 140 may determine the remaining capacity of the lithium-ion battery based on charging data during charging of the lithium-ion battery. In some embodiments, the charging data may include one or more of time, voltage, current, temperature, and the like.
Network 150 may facilitate the exchange of information and/or data. In some embodiments, one or more components of the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100, e.g., the server 110, the battery management system 140, the user terminal 160, may send information and/or data to other components of the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 via the network 150. For example, server 110 may obtain charging data during lithium ion charging from battery management system 140 via network 150. In some embodiments, the network 150 may be a wired network or a wireless network, or the like, or any combination thereof. By way of example only, the network 150 may include a cable network, a wired network, a fiber optic network, a telecommunications network, an internal network, the internet, a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a bluetooth network, a ZigBee (ZigBee) network, a Near Field Communication (NFC) network, a global system for mobile communications (GSM) network, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network, a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network, an enhanced data rate GSM evolution (EDGE) network, a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) network, a High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) network, a transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) network, a Short Message Service (SMS) network, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) network, an Ultra Wideband (UWB) network, infrared, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may include one or more network access points. For example, the base stations and/or wireless access points 150-1, 150-2, …, one or more components of the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may be connected to the network 150 to exchange data and/or information.
The user terminal 160 may enable a user to interact with the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100. For example, a user may send a control instruction through the user terminal 160 to control the battery management system 140 to charge and discharge the lithium ion battery. In some embodiments, the user terminal 160 may receive a prompt (e.g., a prompt tone, a prompt animation, etc.) transmitted by the server 110. In some embodiments, user terminal 160 may include a mobile device 160-1, a tablet 160-2, a laptop 160-3, a desktop 160-4, or the like, or any combination thereof.
It should be noted that the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present description. For example, the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may also include a database. As another example, the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may implement similar or different functions on other devices. However, such changes and modifications do not depart from the scope of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a system for determining the remaining capacity of a lithium-ion battery according to some embodiments of the present description. System 200 may be implemented by a server 110 (e.g., processing device 120).
As shown in fig. 2, the system 200 may include a charge data acquisition module 210, a first determination module 220, a second determination module 230, an interval capacity determination module 240, a battery average temperature determination module 250, a function acquisition module 260, and a remaining capacity determination module 270.
The charging data obtaining module 210 may be configured to obtain a capacity voltage differential curve, a current time curve, and a temperature time curve of the lithium ion battery to be tested in the charging process. The charging process includes an initial voltage U 0 And cut-off voltage U max . In some embodiments, the charging data acquisition module 210 may acquire the capacity, voltage, current, time, and temperature data of the lithium-ion battery to be measured through the battery management system 140, and draw the above curves. For example, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor and the like can be used for monitoring the voltage, the current, the temperature and the like of the lithium ion battery to be tested in the charging process in real time, and a timer is used for recording time and storing until reaching a preset cut-off voltage U max Until that point. For more description of the charging data, reference may be made to step S310, which is not repeated here.
The first determining module 220 may be configured to determine a first voltage U corresponding to a maximum value in the capacity voltage differential curve 1 And a first time t 1 . For example, the first determination module 220 may directly solve a function corresponding to the capacity voltage differential curve to determine the maximum value. Also for example, a first acknowledgementThe determining module 220 may directly select a value corresponding to the characteristic peak from the capacity voltage differential curve as a maximum value.
The second determination module 230 may be configured to determine the first voltage U based on a capacity voltage differential curve 1 And a cut-off voltage Umax, determining a second voltage U 2 And a second time t corresponding to it 2 Wherein U is 1 <U 2 ≤U max . Second voltage U 2 Any value that satisfies the condition may be used.
The interval capacity determination module 240 may be configured to determine, based on the first time t 1 Second time t 2 And a current time curve, determining a first time t 1 And a second time t 2 The interval capacity delta Cap filled in between. Further description of the interval capacity is referred to step S340, and will not be repeated here.
The battery average temperature determination module 250 may be configured to determine a first time t during the charging process according to a temperature-time curve 1 To a second time t 2 And in the time period, the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery is measured.
The function acquisition module 260 may be used to acquire a remaining capacity determination function. In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may be a function of a default setting of the system. In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may also be obtained by other means, such as from a database, storage device 130, etc. via a network.
The remaining capacity determination module 270 may be configured to determine a remaining capacity based on the first voltage U 1 And determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be detected by the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the residual capacity determining function.
It should be understood that the system shown in fig. 2 and its modules may be implemented in a variety of ways. For example, in some embodiments, the system and its modules may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. Wherein the hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may then be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or special purpose design hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods and systems described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such as provided on a carrier medium such as a magnetic disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The system and its modules of the present application may be implemented not only with hardware circuitry, such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., but also with software, such as executed by various types of processors, and with a combination of the above hardware circuitry and software (e.g., firmware).
It should be noted that the above description of the system and its modules is for convenience of description only and is not intended to limit the application to the scope of the illustrated embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, given the principles of the system, various modules may be combined arbitrarily or a subsystem may be constructed in connection with other modules without departing from such principles. For example, in some embodiments, the charge data acquisition module 210 and the function acquisition module 260 may be integrated in one module. For another example, each module may share one storage device, or each module may have a respective storage device. Such variations are within the scope of the present application.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary flowchart of a method of determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments of the present description. In some embodiments, the process 300 may be performed by processing logic that may comprise hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, etc.), software (instructions run on a processing device to perform hardware simulation), or the like, or any combination thereof. One or more operations for determining the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery shown in fig. 3 may be implemented by the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 shown in fig. 1 or the system 200 shown in fig. 2. For example, the process 300 may be stored in the storage device 130 in the form of instructions and invoked and/or executed by the processing device 120.
Step S310 may obtain a capacity voltage differential curve, a current time curve, and a temperature time curve of the lithium ion battery to be tested in the charging process. In some embodiments, step S310 may be performed by the charging data acquisition module 210.
The lithium ion battery to be tested can be any battery. For example, the lithium ion battery to be tested may be an unused battery. For another example, the lithium ion battery to be tested may be a battery that has been used, for example, for 1 month, 2 months, 3 months. In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery to be tested may include a liquid lithium ion battery, a polymer lithium ion battery, and the like. In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery to be tested may include one or more of a nickel cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery, a ferric phosphate lithium battery, a nickel cobalt lithium aluminate lithium ion battery, and the like. In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery to be tested may be a single battery (also referred to as a cell) in a power battery of an electric vehicle. In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery to be tested may also be simply referred to as a battery or a cell.
The charging process includes an initial voltage U 0 And cut-off voltage U max . Initial voltage U 0 May be the voltage at the beginning of the charging process. Cut-off voltage U max May be the voltage at which the charging process is terminated. Cut-off voltage U max And the maximum charging cut-off voltage allowed by the lithium ion battery to be tested can be less than or equal to the maximum charging cut-off voltage allowed by the lithium ion battery to be tested. For example, when the allowable working range of the lithium ion battery to be tested is 2.8V-4.25V, the initial voltage U 0 Can be 3.8V, cut-off voltage U max May be 4.2V. In some embodiments, the battery State of Charge (SOC) of the lithium ion battery to be measured (i.e., the remaining Charge level) may be 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, etc.
In some embodiments, the charging process may include constant current charging or non-constant current charging. For example, constant-current charging or non-constant-current charging can be performed on the lithium ion battery to be tested to obtain charging data of the lithium ion battery to be tested. For example, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor and the like can be utilized to monitor the to-be-detected in the charging process in real timeThe voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the lithium ion battery are recorded by a timer and stored until reaching a preset cutoff voltage U max Until that point. The capacity voltage differential curve, the current time curve, the temperature time curve, and the like of the single battery can be obtained by processing the charging data. For example, constant current charging can be performed on a single battery in a power battery of an electric automobile, and charging data of the single battery can be obtained through a battery management system installed on the electric automobile. Then the constant-current charging voltage curve of the lithium ion battery to be tested is transformed by a capacity increment analysis method, and simplified method is adopted The processing mode is used for calculating the capacity voltage differential curve.
In some embodiments, the capacity voltage differential curve may be a curve plotted with voltage U on the abscissa and dQ/dV on the ordinate. In some embodiments, the abscissa of the capacity voltage differential curve may be other parameters, for example, the abscissa of the capacity voltage differential curve may be time t. For example, FIG. 4 is a graph of dQ/dV-t and U-t for a lithium nickel cobalt lithium manganate ion battery according to some embodiments of the present description. Fig. 5 is a graph of dQ/dV-t and U-t for a lithium iron phosphate battery according to further embodiments of the present description. In the curves shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5, the time corresponding to dQ/dV can be determined based on the dQ/dV-t curve; based on the U-t curve, the voltage corresponding to this time can be determined, thereby determining the voltage corresponding to dQ/dV.
It is known that the temperature in the charge data is the temperature of the lithium ion battery to be measured. In some embodiments, the temperature may be obtained by a sensor. For example, a temperature sensing wire may be disposed on the surface of the battery to collect the battery temperature.
Step S320, a first voltage U corresponding to the maximum value (i.e. dQ/dV maximum value) in the capacity voltage differential curve can be determined 1 And a first time t 1 . In some embodiments, step S320 may be performed by the first determination module 220.
It is necessary to knowThe capacity voltage differential curve, which is the battery charging process, may include one or more characteristic peaks. Wherein each characteristic peak represents the occurrence of a chemical reaction. The voltage corresponding to the characteristic peak is the voltage corresponding to the maximum dQ/dV. In some embodiments, the capacity voltage differential curve may include one or more characteristic peaks. Initial voltage U indicating charging process 0 Before the lithium ion battery to be tested performs the voltage corresponding to the electrochemical reaction. At this time, the voltage corresponding to one of the characteristic peaks may be arbitrarily selected as the first voltage U 1 . Initial voltage U 0 Can be smaller than the first voltage U 1 。
It is known that, in order to increase the accuracy of measuring the lithium ion battery by the method of the present application as much as possible, the initial voltage U 0 Before and as far as possible away from the voltage corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the lithium ion battery to be tested.
Step S330, the first voltage U can be determined according to the capacity voltage differential curve 1 And the cut-off voltage U max Determining a second voltage U 2 And a second time t corresponding to it 2 Wherein U is 1 <U 2 ≤U max . In some embodiments, step S330 may be performed by the second determination module 230.
In some embodiments, the second voltage U 2 May be a first voltage U 1 And cut-off voltage U max The voltage value is arbitrary.
In some embodiments, the first voltage U may be based on the capacity voltage differential curve 1 And the initial voltage U 0 Determining a second voltage U 2 And a second time t corresponding to it 2 Wherein U is 0 ≤U 2 <U 1 . Second voltage U 2 May be an initial voltage U 0 And a first voltage U 1 The voltage value is arbitrary.
It is to be noted that the second voltage U is selected during measurement 2 A function related to the fit (e.g., f (U 1 ) A selected voltage U of 2 nd 2 ' keep oneSo that. For example, voltage U2 selected when fitting the correlation function 2 When' is greater than the voltage corresponding to the corresponding dQ/dV maximum value, U 1 <U 2 ≤U max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Voltage U2 selected when fitting the correlation function 2 When' is smaller than the voltage corresponding to the maximum value of dQ/dV, U 0 ≤U 2 <U 1 . In some embodiments, the second voltage U 2 Can be connected with the 2 nd voltage U 2 'equal'. For example, voltage U2 selected when fitting the correlation function 2 At' 3.98V, then the second voltage U 2 May be 3.98V. At this time, it is possible to record a corresponding time of t of 3.98V 2 。
Step S340, according to the first time t 1 Second time t 2 And a current time curve, determining a first time t 1 And a second time t 2 The interval capacity delta Cap filled in between. In some embodiments, step S340 may be performed by the interval capacity determination module 240.
The interval capacity ΔCap may be from a first time t 1 To a second time t 2 During this period, the charge is charged during the charging process. In some embodiments, when the charging process of the lithium ion battery to be tested is that the current is I 0 At this time, the interval capacity Δcap is determined by the calculation formula (1):
ΔCap＝I 0 (t 2 -t 1 )。 (1)
it is known that when constant current charging is actually performed, the current may be subject to on-site environment, equipment, current collection precision and other reasons, and the constant current provided by the current collector may fluctuate to a certain extent. At this time, the constant current charge may also be regarded as a non-constant current charge.
In some embodiments, when the charging process of the lithium ion battery to be tested is non-constant current charging, at this time, the interval capacity Δcap may be determined by the calculation formula (2):
wherein I represents the current during charging.
Step S350, determining a first time t in the charging process according to the temperature time curve 1 To a second time t 2 And in the time period, the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery is measured. In some embodiments, step S350 may be performed by the battery average temperature determination module 250.
In some embodiments, the average temperature T may be determined by selecting a temperature time profile for a first time T 1 To a second time t 2 Points within a time period in between. For example, if at the first time t 1 To a second time t 2 And 3 points are selected in the time period between 29.5 ℃, 34.8 ℃ and 36.0 ℃, so that the temperature of the lithium ion battery to be measured can be determined to be (29.5+34.8+36.0)/3=34.4 ℃. The more points selected, the more accurate the average temperature measured.
In step S360, a remaining capacity determination function may be acquired. In some embodiments, step S360 may be performed by the function acquisition module 260.
The remaining capacity determination function may reflect a relationship between the interval capacity and a duty ratio of the interval capacity in the remaining capacity. In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may be a function of a default setting of the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100. In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may be obtained from a database, storage device 130, or the like, over a network.
In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may be expressed by the following relation (3):
Wherein Cap represents the remaining capacity; f (T) represents a function related to the average temperature of the lithium ion battery to be tested in the charging process; f (U) 1 ) Representing and first voltage U 1 A related function; Δcap represents the interval capacity of the lithium ion battery to be measured; η represents the coulombic efficiency of the lithium ion battery to be measured; k represents a coefficient related to the charging current during the charging process in which the measurement is made.
f (T) may represent a coefficient converting different charging temperatures to a standard temperature, i.e. 25 ℃. f (T) can be related to the type of lithium ion battery to be tested, the design of an electrochemical system, the production process and the like. In some embodiments, f (T) may be determined by performing a first fitting operation on the charge data (e.g., data shown in table 1 or table 3) of one or more reference lithium ion batteries. The reference lithium-ion battery may be an unused battery of the same type as the lithium-ion battery to be tested. For example, if the lithium ion battery to be measured is a lithium iron phosphate battery, the reference lithium ion battery is also a lithium iron phosphate battery. In some embodiments, the accuracy of the measurement of the methods described herein may be improved by fitting the charge data of a plurality of reference lithium ion batteries. In some embodiments, one or more of the dimensions, structural design, production process, chemical system, etc. of the reference lithium-ion battery may be the same as the dimensions, structural design, production process, chemical system, etc. of the lithium-ion battery to be tested. In some embodiments, the first fitting operation may be a least squares fit, a polynomial fit, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the fit f (T) may be updated with the charging data of the lithium ion battery under test.
f(U 1 ) The percentage of the interval capacity Δcap to the remaining capacity may be reflected. f (U) 1 ) Can be related to the type, shape, nominal capacity, packaging mode and the like of the lithium ion battery to be tested. In some embodiments, f (U 1 ) The determination may be made by performing a second fitting operation on the charge data of one or more reference lithium ion batteries. In some embodiments, the second fitting operation may be a least squares fit, a polynomial fit, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the fit f (U) may be updated with the charge data of the lithium-ion battery under test 1 )。
Δcap may be determined through steps S310 to S340.
In some embodiments, η may be 99.0%, 99.3%, 99.5%, 99.9%, 99.98%, 99.99%, etc.
K can reflect the current system in the charging process of the lithium ion battery to be tested, namely what kind of electricity is usedThe stream is charged. In some embodiments, K may be equal to a fit function of the charging current to a standard charging current, capacity. The value of the standard charging current can correspond to the 1C charging current, and the value of the standard charging current is equal to the nominal capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery to be tested. In some embodiments, when the fits f (T) and f (U) 1 ) When the charging current at the fitting of the data is equal to the charging current at the actual measurement, k=1 may be used.
Coulombic efficiency refers to the ratio of discharge capacity to charge capacity. In some embodiments, coulombic efficiency may be related to the type of battery, the chemical architecture design of the battery, the manufacturing process of the battery, and the like. In some embodiments, the coulombic efficiency may be determined by obtaining the charge and discharge capacity with reference to the national standard GB/T31486-2015, power storage battery electrical performance requirement and test method for electric automobile, test method.
Step S370, according to the first voltage U 1 And determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be detected by the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the residual capacity determining function. In some embodiments, step S370 may be performed by the remaining capacity determination module 270.
Can be used for supplying a first voltage U 1 The interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the coulomb efficiency eta are input into a residual capacity determining function, and the output of the residual capacity determining function is determined as the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested.
In some embodiments, a State of Health (SOH) value of the lithium ion battery under test may be determined according to a ratio of a remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery under test to a nominal capacity of the lithium ion battery under test. The state of health value of lithium ion can reflect the attenuation degree of the lithium ion battery to be measured.
In some embodiments, the user may be prompted to replace when the remaining capacity and/or state of health value of the lithium-ion battery under test is less than a threshold value. The threshold may be a default setting of the lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 or a user setting via the user terminal 160.
Based on the method proposed by the above embodiment, the battery cell of the electric automobile will be verified.
Example 1
For a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery with a nominal capacity of 21Ah, a plurality of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide batteries (i.e. reference lithium ion batteries) are charged and discharged to obtain charging data of the reference lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery, as shown in table 1.
Table 1 with reference to charge data for lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion batteries
By performing the first fitting operation and the second fitting operation on the charging data in table 1, f (T) and f (U) can be obtained 1 ) Is represented by the following formulas (4) and (5):
f(U 1 )＝-1.5709×U 1 +6.2019。 (5)
and carrying out constant-current charging on 3 lithium nickel cobalt lithium manganate ion battery samples to be tested with the nominal capacity of 21Ah, wherein the charging current is 21A, and K=1. η=99.98% of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery to be measured is measured by the national standard method. The lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ion battery to be tested was subjected to 3 tests by using the method shown in fig. 3, and the residual capacity result of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ion battery to be tested was measured, as shown in table 2. According to 3 times of verification, the calculated deviation was 1.8% at the maximum and 1.0% at the minimum, and the calculated deviation was small. According to the method disclosed by the application, the state of the battery system can be well mastered, and the battery system can be replaced timely when necessary, so that the comprehensive performance of the battery is improved.
Table 2 test results of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery to be tested
Example 2
For a lithium iron phosphate battery with a nominal capacity of 80Ah, a plurality of lithium iron phosphate batteries (i.e., reference lithium ion batteries) were first charged and discharged to obtain charging data of the reference lithium iron phosphate battery, as shown in table 3.
Table 3 reference charge data for lithium iron phosphate batteries
| Charging current A | U 1 /V | T/℃ | Charge capacity/Ah | t 1 /s | t 2 /s |
| 40 | 3.366 | 30.2 | 78.278 | 2743 | 6959 |
| 40 | 3.362 | 30.7 | 82.354 | 2722 | 7334 |
| 40 | 3.362 | 30.3 | 79.216 | 2941 | 7059 |
| 40 | 3.363 | 30.3 | 81.07 | 3021 | 7246 |
| 40 | 3.361 | 31.0 | 80.591 | 2819 | 7201 |
| 40 | 3.366 | 31.0 | 77.204 | 2805 | 6869 |
| 40 | 3.362 | 31.9 | 81.911 | 2902 | 7307 |
| 40 | 3.361 | 32.2 | 78.972 | 2863 | 7037 |
| 40 | 3.367 | 38.6 | 76.814 | 2906 | 6832 |
| 40 | 3.366 | 36.5 | 77.884 | 2902 | 6932 |
| 40 | 3.365 | 35.7 | 78.555 | 2923 | 6994 |
Performing first fitting operation and second fitting operation on the charging data in table 3 to obtain f (T) and f (U) 1 ) Is represented by the following formulas (6) and (7):
f(T)＝0.026ln(T)+0.9162， (6)
f(U 1 )＝-5.9211×U 1 +20.445。 (7)
and (3) carrying out constant-current charging on 3 lithium iron phosphate battery samples to be tested with the nominal capacity of 80Ah, wherein the charging current is 40A, and K=1. The eta=99.99% of the lithium iron phosphate battery to be measured is measured by the national standard method. The remaining capacity results of the lithium iron phosphate battery to be measured were measured by performing 3 tests on the lithium iron phosphate battery to be measured using the method described in fig. 3, as shown in table 4. According to 3 times of verification, the calculated deviation was 1.4% at the maximum and 0.38% at the minimum, and the calculated deviation was small. According to the method disclosed by the application, the state of the battery system can be well mastered, and the battery system can be replaced timely when necessary, so that the comprehensive performance of the battery is improved.
Table 4 test results of lithium iron phosphate batteries to be tested
Possible benefits of embodiments of the present description include, but are not limited to: (1) The lithium ion battery to be detected is not required to be fully charged and discharged, the residual capacity can be obtained, and the requirement on the charge state (namely the residual charge quantity) of the battery to be charged is low; (2) The residual capacity and the health state value of the lithium ion battery to be measured can be calculated on line only by utilizing the voltage, current and temperature parameters of the lithium ion battery to be measured, which are acquired by the battery management system, so that the estimation accuracy is high, and the method is more in line with the actual running condition of the whole vehicle.
While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed disclosure is by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting. Although not explicitly described herein, various modifications, improvements, and adaptations to the present disclosure may occur to one skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested within this specification, and therefore, such modifications, improvements, and modifications are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
Meanwhile, the specification uses specific words to describe the embodiments of the specification. Reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is associated with at least one embodiment of the present description. Thus, it should be emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various positions in this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the present description may be combined as suitable.
Furthermore, the order in which the elements and sequences are processed, the use of numerical letters, or other designations in the description are not intended to limit the order in which the processes and methods of the description are performed unless explicitly recited in the claims. While certain presently useful inventive embodiments have been discussed in the foregoing disclosure, by way of various examples, it is to be understood that such details are merely illustrative and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, while the system components described above may be implemented by hardware devices, they may also be implemented solely by software solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.
Likewise, it should be noted that in order to simplify the presentation disclosed in this specification and thereby aid in understanding one or more inventive embodiments, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. This method of disclosure, however, is not intended to imply that more features than are presented in the claims are required for the present description. Indeed, less than all of the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.
In some embodiments, numbers describing the components, number of attributes are used, it being understood that such numbers being used in the description of embodiments are modified in some examples by the modifier "about," approximately, "or" substantially. Unless otherwise indicated, "about," "approximately," or "substantially" indicate that the number allows for a 20% variation. Accordingly, in some embodiments, numerical parameters set forth in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should take into account the specified significant digits and employ a method for preserving the general number of digits. Although the numerical ranges and parameters set forth herein are approximations that may be employed in some embodiments to confirm the breadth of the range, in particular embodiments, the setting of such numerical values is as precise as possible.
Each patent, patent application publication, and other material, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, etc., referred to in this specification is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Except for application history documents that are inconsistent or conflicting with the content of this specification, documents that are currently or later attached to this specification in which the broadest scope of the claims to this specification is limited are also. It is noted that, if the description, definition, and/or use of a term in an attached material in this specification does not conform to or conflict with what is described in this specification, the description, definition, and/or use of the term in this specification controls.
Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of this specification. Other variations are possible within the scope of this description. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, alternative configurations of embodiments of the present specification may be considered as consistent with the teachings of the present specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present specification are not limited to only the embodiments explicitly described and depicted in the present specification.
Claims (11)
1. A method for determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery, the method comprising:
acquiring a capacity voltage differential curve, a current time curve and a temperature time curve of a lithium ion battery to be tested in a charging process, wherein the charging process comprises an initial voltage U 0 Cut-off voltage U max ；
Determining a first voltage U corresponding to a maximum value in the capacity voltage differential curve 1 And a first time t 1 ；
According to the capacity voltage differential curve, the first voltage U 1 And the cut-off voltage U max Determining a second voltage U 2 And a second time t corresponding to it 2 Wherein U is 1 <U 2 ≤U max ；
According to the firstAt a time t 1 Said second time t 2 And said current time profile, determining said first time t 1 And the second time t 2 The interval capacity delta Cap filled in the middle;
Determining the first time t in the charging process according to the temperature time curve 1 To the second time t 2 In the time period, the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery to be detected;
acquiring a residual capacity determining function; the calculation formula of the residual capacity determining function is as follows:
wherein Cap represents the remaining capacity; f (T) represents a function related to the average temperature of the battery during charging; f (U) 1 ) Representing a function related to the first voltage U1; η represents the coulombic efficiency of the lithium ion battery to be measured; k represents a coefficient related to a charging current in the charging process;
wherein f (T) is determined by performing a first fitting operation on charging data of a reference lithium ion battery, and represents a coefficient for converting different charging temperatures into a standard temperature, namely 25 ℃; f (U) 1 ) Is determined by performing a second fitting operation on the charge data of the reference lithium ion battery, reflecting the percentage of the interval capacity Δcap to the remaining capacity; and
according to the first voltage U 1 And determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested according to the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the residual capacity determining function.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the capacity-voltage differential curve includes at least one characteristic peak.
3. The determination method of the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to claim 2The method is characterized in that the charging process of the lithium ion battery to be tested is that the current is I 0 The calculation formula of the interval capacity delta Cap is as follows:
ΔCap＝I 0 (t 2 -t 1 )。
4. the method for determining the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to claim 2, wherein the charging process of the lithium ion battery to be tested is non-constant current charging, and the calculation formula of the interval capacity Δcap is as follows:
wherein I represents the current during charging.
5. The method for determining the residual capacity of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery to be measured is a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery,
f(U 1 )＝-1.5709×U 1 +6.2019。
6. the method for determining the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery to be measured is a lithium iron phosphate battery,
f(T)＝0.026ln(T)+0.9162；
f(U 1 )＝-5.9211×U 1 +20.445。
7. the method for determining the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery to be measured is a single battery in a power battery of an electric automobile.
8. The method of determining the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to claim 7, further comprising:
and determining the health state value of the lithium ion battery to be tested according to the ratio of the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested to the nominal capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested.
9. The method of determining the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to claim 8, further comprising:
and when the health state value of the lithium ion battery to be tested is smaller than a threshold value, prompting a user to replace the lithium ion battery to be tested.
10. A system for determining the remaining capacity of a lithium-ion battery, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory;
the at least one memory is configured to store instructions;
the processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when read by a computer in the storage medium, operate the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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