CN113608132A - Method and system for determining residual capacity of lithium ion battery and storage medium - Google Patents
Method and system for determining residual capacity of lithium ion battery and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN113608132A CN113608132A CN202110882021.0A CN202110882021A CN113608132A CN 113608132 A CN113608132 A CN 113608132A CN 202110882021 A CN202110882021 A CN 202110882021A CN 113608132 A CN113608132 A CN 113608132A
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- DNUHLCAXBJFONM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] DNUHLCAXBJFONM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- CUNSDPISVJNVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Al+3].[Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] CUNSDPISVJNVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
The embodiment of the specification provides a method and a system for determining the residual capacity of a lithium ion battery and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a capacity-voltage differential curve, a current-time curve and a temperature-time curve of the lithium ion battery in the charging process; determining a first voltage U corresponding to a maximum value in a capacity voltage differential curve1And a first time t1(ii) a According to the capacity-voltage differential curve, the first voltage U1And cutoff voltage UmaxDetermining the second voltage U2And a second time t corresponding thereto2Wherein, U1<U2≤Umax(ii) a According to a first time t1The second timet2Determining the charged interval capacity delta Cap according to the current-time curve; determining the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery according to the temperature-time curve; acquiring a residual capacity determining function; and according to the first voltage U1And determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery by using the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the residual capacity determination function.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of electrochemistry, and in particular, to a method, a system, and a storage medium for determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery.
Background
With the rapid development of lithium ion batteries and PACK technologies, the market retention rate of new energy electric vehicles is continuously increased. The power battery system is used as a key part of the electric automobile, and the performance and safety of the power battery system directly influence the reliability and safety of the whole automobile. Along with the increasing use times of the lithium ion battery pack, the available capacity of the single lithium ion batteries is gradually reduced, the difference between the single lithium ion batteries is prominent, and the performance and the safety of the lithium ion battery pack are adversely affected. Therefore, a method and system for determining the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
One aspect of the present description provides a method of determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a capacity-voltage differential curve, a current-time curve and a temperature-time curve of a lithium ion battery to be tested in a charging process, wherein the charging process comprises an initial voltage U0Cutoff voltage Umax(ii) a Determining a first voltage U corresponding to a maximum value in the capacity voltage differential curve1And a first time t1(ii) a According to the capacity voltage differential curve and the first voltage U1And the cut-off voltage UmaxDetermining the second voltage U2And a second time t corresponding thereto2Wherein, U1<U2≤Umax(ii) a According to the first time t1The second time t2And said current-time curve, determining said first time t1And the second time t2Interval capacity Δ Cap charged in between; according to the temperature-time curve, determining the first time t in the charging process1To the second time t2In the time period, the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery to be tested; acquiring a residual capacity determining function; and according to the first voltage U1Determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested according to the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the residual capacity determination function.
Another aspect of the present description provides a system for determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery. The system comprises: at least one processor and at least one memory; the at least one memory is to store instructions; the processor is used for executing the instruction and realizing the method for determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery.
Another aspect of the present specification provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions in the storage medium are read by a computer, the computer executes a method for determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery.
Drawings
The present description will be further explained by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail by way of the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not intended to be limiting, and in these embodiments like numerals are used to indicate like structures, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a system for determining remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a system for determining remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments of the present description;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary flow chart of a method for determining remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments described herein;
FIG. 4 is a graph of dQ/dV-t and U-t for lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion batteries according to some embodiments of the present description; and
FIG. 5 is a graph of dQ/dV-t and U-t for lithium iron phosphate batteries according to further embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the present description, and that for a person skilled in the art, the present description can also be applied to other similar scenarios on the basis of these drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context, or otherwise indicated, like reference numbers in the figures refer to the same structure or operation.
It should be understood that "system", "apparatus", "unit" and/or "module" as used herein is a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels. However, other words may be substituted by other expressions if they accomplish the same purpose.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not intended to be inclusive in the singular, but rather are intended to be inclusive in the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" merely indicate that steps and elements are included which are explicitly identified, that the steps and elements do not form an exclusive list, and that a method or apparatus may include other steps or elements.
Flow charts are used in this description to illustrate operations performed by a system according to embodiments of the present description. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in the exact order in which they are performed. Rather, the various steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Meanwhile, other operations may be added to the processes, or a certain step or operations may be removed from the processes.
The embodiment of the specification relates to a method, a system and a storage medium for determining the residual capacity of a lithium ion battery. The method, the system and the storage medium for determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery can be applied to the fields of electrochemical analysis, new energy automobiles and the like. In some embodiments, the method, system and storage medium for determining the remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery can be applied to other fields, for example, the field of energy saving of electronic devices. The method, the system and the storage medium for determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery can provide services such as working state monitoring, problem data analysis, battery management and the like.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a system for determining remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determining system 100 may include a server 110, a processing device 120, a storage device 130, a battery management system 140, a network 150, and a user terminal 160.
In some embodiments, server 110 may be configured to process information and/or data related to lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100, e.g., the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery may be determined based on charging data during charging of the lithium ion battery. In some embodiments, the server 110 may be a single server or a group of servers. The server groups may be centralized or distributed, for example, the servers 110 may be distributed systems. In some embodiments, the server 110 may be local or remote. For example, server 110 may access information and/or data stored in storage device 130, battery management system 140, user terminal 160 via network 150. As another example, server 110 may be directly connected to storage device 130, battery management system 140, and/or user terminal 160 to access storage information and/or data. In some embodiments, the server 110 may be implemented on a cloud platform or provided in a virtual manner. By way of example only, the cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a community cloud, a distributed cloud, an internal cloud, a multi-tiered cloud, and the like, or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the server 110 may include a processing device 120. Processing device 120 may process information and/or data related to lithium-ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 to perform one or more functions described herein. For example, the processing device 120 may obtain charging data during charging of the lithium ion battery under test, and determine a remaining capacity and/or a state of health value of the lithium ion battery under test based on the charging data. In some embodiments, the charging data during charging may include charging current, charging voltage, charging time, battery temperature, and the like. For another example, when the state of health value of the lithium ion battery under test is less than the threshold, the processing device 120 may prompt the user to replace the lithium ion battery under test. In some embodiments, processing device 120 may include one or more processing engines (e.g., a single chip processing engine or a multi-chip processing engine). By way of example only, the processing device 120 may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an application specific instruction set processor (ASIP), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Physical Processing Unit (PPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a microcontroller unit, a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), a microprocessor, or the like, or any combination thereof.
The battery management system 140 may be used to manage and/or control the lithium ion battery. For example, the battery management system 140 can perform a charge/discharge test on the lithium ion battery. For another example, the lithium ion battery may be locked or unlocked by the battery management system 140 for replacement or installation. In some embodiments, the battery management system 140 may send data related to the lithium ion battery to the processing device 120 for analysis processing. In some embodiments, battery management system 140 may transmit data related to the lithium ion battery to storage device 130 for storage.
In some embodiments, the battery management system 140 may include a processor. The processor can analyze and process data of the lithium ion charging and discharging process. For example, the battery management system 140 may determine the remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery based on charging data during charging of the lithium ion battery. In some embodiments, the charging data may include one or more of time, voltage, current, temperature, and the like.
The network 150 may facilitate the exchange of information and/or data. In some embodiments, one or more components of the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100, e.g., the server 110, the battery management system 140, the user terminal 160, may send information and/or data to other components of the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 via the network 150. For example, the server 110 may obtain charging data in a lithium ion charging process from the battery management system 140 via the network 150. In some embodiments, the network 150 may be a wired network or a wireless network, or the like, or any combination thereof. By way of example only, network 150 may include a cable network, a wireline network, a fiber optic network, a telecommunications network, an intranet, the Internet, a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a Bluetooth network, a ZigBee network, a Near Field Communication (NFC) network, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) network, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network, a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network, an enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) network, a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) network, a High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) network, a Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) network, a Short Message Service (SMS) network, a network such as a network, a, A Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) network, an ultra-wideband (UWB) network, infrared, and the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may include one or more network access points. For example, a base station and/or wireless access point 150-1, 150-2, …, one or more components of the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may be connected to the network 150 to exchange data and/or information.
The user terminal 160 may enable a user to interact with the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100. For example, the user may send a control instruction through the user terminal 160 to control the battery management system 140 to charge and discharge the lithium ion battery. In some embodiments, the user terminal 160 may receive alert information (e.g., alert tones, alert animations, etc.) transmitted by the server 110. In some embodiments, the user terminal 160 may include a mobile device 160-1, a tablet 160-2, a laptop 160-3, a desktop 160-4, the like, any combination thereof, the like, or any combination thereof.
It should be noted that the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in light of the description herein. For example, the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may also include a database. For another example, the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 may implement similar or different functionality on other devices. However, such changes and modifications do not depart from the scope of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a system for determining remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. System 200 may be implemented by a server 110, such as processing device 120.
As shown in fig. 2, the system 200 may include a charging data acquisition module 210, a first determination module 220, a second determination module 230, an interval capacity determination module 240, a battery average temperature determination module 250, a function acquisition module 260, and a remaining capacity determination module 270.
The charging data obtaining module 210 may be configured to obtain a capacity-voltage differential curve, a current-time curve, and a temperature-time curve of the lithium ion battery to be tested during the charging process. The charging process includes a starting voltage U0And cutoff voltage Umax. In some embodiments, the charging data acquiring module 210 may acquire the capacity, voltage, current, time, and temperature data of the lithium ion battery to be tested through the battery management system 140, and draw the above curves. For example, the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the lithium ion battery to be measured during charging may be monitored in real time by a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, etc., and the time may be recorded and stored by a timer until a preset cutoff voltage U is reachedmaxUntil now. More description about the charging data can be found in step S310, which is not described herein again.
The first determining module 220 may be configured to determine the first voltage U corresponding to the maximum value in the capacity voltage differential curve1And a first time t1. For example, the first determining module 220 may directly solve the function corresponding to the capacity voltage differential curve to determine the maximum value. For another example, the first determining module 220 may directly select the maximum value from the capacity voltage differential curve corresponding to the characteristic peak.
The second determining module 230 may be configured to determine the first voltage U based on a capacity-voltage differential curve1And a cut-off voltage Umax, and,determining the second voltage U2And a second time t corresponding thereto2Wherein, U1<U2≤Umax. Second voltage U2May be any value that satisfies the condition.
The interval capacity determination module 240 may be configured to determine the first time t according to1A second time t2And a current-time curve, determining a first time t1And a second time t2The interval capacity Δ Cap charged in between. For more description about the section capacity, refer to step S340, which is not described herein again.
The battery average temperature determining module 250 may be configured to determine a first time t during the charging process according to a temperature-time curve1To a second time t2And in the time period, the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery to be measured.
The function obtaining module 260 may be used to obtain a remaining capacity determination function. In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may be a function of system default settings. In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may also be obtained in other ways, such as from a database, storage device 130, etc. over a network.
The remaining capacity determination module 270 may be configured to determine the remaining capacity according to the first voltage U1Determining a function of the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the residual capacity to determine the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested.
It should be understood that the system and its modules shown in FIG. 2 may be implemented in a variety of ways. For example, in some embodiments, the system and its modules may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. Wherein the hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory for execution by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods and systems described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such code being provided, for example, on a carrier medium such as a diskette, CD-or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The system and its modules of the present application may be implemented not only by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., but also by software executed by various types of processors, for example, or by a combination of the above hardware circuits and software (e.g., firmware).
It should be noted that the above description of the system and its modules is merely for convenience of description and should not limit the present application to the scope of the illustrated embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, given the teachings of the present system, any combination of modules or sub-system configurations may be used to connect to other modules without departing from such teachings. For example, in some embodiments, the charging data acquisition module 210 and the function acquisition module 260 may be integrated in one module. For another example, the modules may share one storage device, and each module may have its own storage device. Such variations are within the scope of the present application.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary flow chart of a method for determining remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery according to some embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, flow 300 may be performed by processing logic that may comprise hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, etc.), software (instructions run on a processing device to perform hardware simulation), etc., or any combination thereof. One or more of the operations illustrated in fig. 3 for determining the remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery may be implemented by the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 illustrated in fig. 1 or the system 200 illustrated in fig. 2. For example, the process 300 may be stored in the storage device 130 in the form of instructions and invoked and/or executed by the processing device 120.
In step S310, a capacity-voltage differential curve, a current-time curve, and a temperature-time curve of the lithium ion battery to be tested during the charging process may be obtained. In some embodiments, step S310 may be performed by the charging data acquisition module 210.
The lithium ion battery to be tested may be any battery. For example, the lithium ion battery under test may be an unused battery. For another example, the lithium ion battery to be tested may be a battery used for, for example, 1 month, 2 months, or 3 months. In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery under test may include a liquid lithium ion battery, a polymer lithium ion battery, and the like. In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery under test may include one or more of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide lithium ion battery, and the like. In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery to be tested may be a single battery (also referred to as a cell) in a power battery of an electric vehicle. In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery to be tested may also be referred to simply as a battery or a cell.
The charging process includes a starting voltage U0And cutoff voltage Umax. Starting voltage U0May be the voltage at the beginning of the charging process. Cutoff voltage UmaxMay be the voltage at which the charging process is terminated. Cutoff voltage UmaxAnd the maximum charge cut-off voltage allowed by the lithium ion battery to be tested can be less than or equal to. For example, when the allowable working range of the lithium ion battery to be tested is 2.8V-4.25V, the starting voltage U is0Can be 3.8V, cutoff voltage UmaxMay be 4.2V. In some embodiments, the State of Charge (SOC) of the lithium ion battery under test (i.e., the amount of Charge remaining) may be greater than or equal to 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, etc.
In some embodiments, the charging process may include constant current charging or non-constant current charging. For example, the charging data of the lithium ion battery to be tested can be obtained from constant current charging or non-constant current charging of the lithium ion battery to be tested. For example, the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the lithium ion battery to be measured during charging may be monitored in real time by a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, etc., and the time may be recorded and stored by a timer until a preset cutoff voltage U is reachedmaxUntil now. By processing the charging data, the capacity-voltage differential curve of the single battery can be obtained,Current time curves, temperature time curves, etc. For example, a single battery in a power battery of an electric vehicle may be subjected to constant current charging, and charging data of the single battery may be acquired by a battery management system installed on the electric vehicle. Then, the constant-current charging voltage curve of the lithium ion battery to be tested is converted by a capacity increment analysis method, and simplified constant-current charging voltage curves are adopted
The processing mode carries out capacity voltage differential curve calculation.
In some embodiments, the capacity-voltage differential curve may be plotted with voltage U as the abscissa and dQ/dV as the ordinate. In some embodiments, the abscissa of the capacity voltage differential curve may be other parameters, e.g., the abscissa of the capacity voltage differential curve may be time t. For example, FIG. 4 is a graph of dQ/dV-t and U-t for lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion batteries according to some embodiments described herein. FIG. 5 is a graph of dQ/dV-t and U-t curves for lithium iron phosphate batteries according to further embodiments of the present disclosure. In the curves shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5, based on the dQ/dV-t curve, the time corresponding to dQ/dV may be determined; based on the U-t curve, the voltage corresponding to that time, and thus the voltage corresponding to dQ/dV, may be determined.
It is to be understood that the temperature in the charging data is the temperature of the lithium ion battery under test. In some embodiments, the temperature may be obtained by a sensor. For example, a temperature sensing line may be arranged on the surface of the battery to collect the battery temperature.
In step S320, the first voltage U corresponding to the maximum value (i.e., dQ/dV maximum value) in the capacity voltage differential curve may be determined1And a first time t1. In some embodiments, step S320 may be performed by the first determination module 220.
It is to be appreciated that the capacity-voltage differential curve of the battery charging process may include one or more characteristic peaks. Wherein each characteristic peak represents a chemical reaction occurring. The voltage corresponding to the characteristic peak is the voltage corresponding to the maximum value of dQ/dV. In some embodiments, capacity voltage differentialThe curve may include one or more characteristic peaks. Indicating the starting voltage U of the charging process0Before the lithium ion battery to be tested performs the voltage corresponding to the electrochemical reaction. At this time, the voltage corresponding to one of the characteristic peaks may be arbitrarily selected as the first voltage U1. Starting voltage U0May be less than the first voltage U1。
It is necessary to know that, in order to improve the accuracy of the method for measuring the lithium ion battery as much as possible, the initial voltage U is0The voltage corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the lithium ion battery to be tested is required to be far away from the voltage corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the lithium ion battery to be tested as far as possible before the voltage corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the lithium ion battery to be tested.
Step S330, the first voltage U can be obtained according to the capacity voltage differential curve1And the cut-off voltage UmaxDetermining the second voltage U2And a second time t corresponding thereto2Wherein, U1<U2≤Umax. In some embodiments, step S330 may be performed by the second determination module 230.
In some embodiments, the second voltage U2May be the first voltage U1And cutoff voltage UmaxAny voltage value in between.
In some embodiments, the first voltage U may be according to the capacity-voltage differential curve1And the initial voltage U0Determining the second voltage U2And a second time t corresponding thereto2Wherein, U0≤U2<U1. Second voltage U2May be an initial voltage U0And a first voltage U1Any voltage value in between.
It is necessary to know the second voltage U selected for the measurement2A correlation function (e.g., f (U)) with the fit is required1) In time) selected 2 nd voltage U2' remain consistent. For example, the 2 nd voltage U selected when fitting the correlation function2' if it is greater than the voltage corresponding to the corresponding dQ/dV maximum, then U1<U2≤Umax(ii) a 2 nd voltage U selected when fitting the correlation function2' less than its pairWhen the voltage corresponding to the maximum value of dQ/dV is applied, U is determined0≤U2<U1. In some embodiments, the second voltage U2Can be matched with the 2 nd voltage U2' equal. For example, the 2 nd voltage U selected when fitting the correlation function2When the voltage is 3.98V, the second voltage U is2May be 3.98V. At this time, a time t corresponding to 3.98V can be recorded2。
Step S340, a first time t can be determined1A second time t2And a current-time curve, determining a first time t1And a second time t2The interval capacity Δ Cap charged in between. In some embodiments, step S340 may be performed by the interval capacity determination module 240.
The interval capacity Δ Cap may be from the first time t1To a second time t2During this time period, the charge capacity of the charging process is increased. In some embodiments, when the lithium ion battery to be tested is charged with the current I0At this time, the interval capacity Δ Cap is determined by the calculation formula (1):
ΔCap＝I0(t2-t1)。 (1)
it should be noted that, when the constant current charging is actually performed, the current may be subject to field environment, equipment, current collection precision and the like, and the constant current provided by the current may fluctuate to a certain extent. At this time, the constant current charging may also be regarded as non-constant current charging.
In some embodiments, when the charging process of the lithium ion battery to be tested is non-constant current charging, at this time, the interval capacity Δ Cap may be determined by the calculation formula (2):
where I represents the current during charging.
Step S350, determining a first time t during the charging process according to the temperature-time curve1To a second time t2And in the time period, the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery to be measured. At one endIn some embodiments, step S350 may be performed by the battery average temperature determination module 250.
In some embodiments, the average temperature T may be determined by selecting a temperature-time profile for the first time T1To a second time t2The points in the time period in between. For example, if at a first time t1To a second time t2In the time period between the two times, 3 points are selected to be 29.5 ℃, 34.8 ℃ and 36.0 ℃, respectively, and then the temperature of the lithium ion battery to be tested can be determined to be (29.5+34.8+ 36.0)/3-34.4 ℃. The more points selected, the more accurate the average temperature measured.
In step S360, a remaining capacity determination function may be acquired. In some embodiments, step S360 may be performed by the function acquisition module 260.
The remaining capacity determination function may reflect a relationship between the section capacity and a proportion of the section capacity in the remaining capacity. In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may be a function of a default setting of the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100. In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may be obtained from a database, storage device 130, or the like over a network.
In some embodiments, the remaining capacity determination function may be expressed by the following relation (3):
wherein Cap represents a remaining capacity; (t) represents a function related to the average temperature of the lithium ion battery to be measured during charging; f (U)1) Represents a first voltage U1A function of the correlation; the delta Cap represents the interval capacity of the lithium ion battery to be detected; eta represents the coulomb efficiency of the lithium ion battery to be tested; k represents a coefficient related to the charging current during the charging process in which the measurement is made.
f (t) may represent a coefficient for converting different charging temperatures to a standard temperature, i.e. 25 c. And f (T) can be related to the type of the lithium ion battery to be tested, the design of an electrochemical system, the production process and the like. In some embodiments, f (t) may be determined by performing a first fitting operation on one or more reference lithium ion battery charging data (e.g., data shown in table 1 or table 3). The reference lithium ion battery may be an unused battery of the same type as the lithium ion battery to be tested. For example, if the lithium ion battery to be tested is a lithium iron phosphate battery, the reference lithium ion battery is also a lithium iron phosphate battery. In some embodiments, the measurement accuracy of the methods described herein may be improved by fitting charging data for a plurality of reference lithium ion batteries. In some embodiments, one or more of the size, structural design, production process, chemical system, etc. of the reference lithium ion battery may be the same as the size, structural design, production process, chemical system, etc. of the lithium ion battery to be tested. In some embodiments, the first fitting operation may be a least squares fit, a polynomial fit, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the fit f (t) may be updated with charge data for the lithium ion battery under test.
f(U1) May reflect the percentage of interval capacity Δ Cap to remaining capacity. f (U)1) And the method can be related to the type, shape, nominal capacity, packaging mode and the like of the lithium ion battery to be tested. In some embodiments, f (U)1) May be determined by performing a second fitting operation on one or more reference lithium ion battery charge data. In some embodiments, the second fitting operation may be a least squares fit, a polynomial fit, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the fit f (U) may be updated with the charge data of the lithium ion battery under test1)。
Δ Cap may be determined through steps S310 to S340.
In some embodiments, η may be 99.0%, 99.3%, 99.5%, 99.9%, 99.98%, 99.99%, etc.
And K can reflect the current system in the charging process of the lithium ion battery to be tested, namely, the current of the lithium ion battery to be tested. In some embodiments, K may be equal to a fitted function of the charging current to a standard charging current, capacity. The value of the standard charging current can correspond to the 1C charging current, and the value of the standard charging current is equal to the nominal capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery to be tested. In some embodiments, when obtaining a simulationAnd f (T) and f (U)1) When the charging current for fitting the data of (1) is equal to the charging current for actual measurement, K may be equal to 1.
Coulombic efficiency refers to the ratio of discharge capacity to charge capacity. In some embodiments, the coulombic efficiency may be related to the type of battery, the chemical system design of the battery, the production process of the battery, and the like. In some embodiments, coulombic efficiency may be determined by obtaining charge and discharge capacities according to the test methods of national standard GB/T31486-2015 "requirements and test methods for electrical properties of power storage batteries for electric vehicles".
Step S370, according to the first voltage U1Determining a function of the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the residual capacity to determine the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested. In some embodiments, step S370 may be performed by remaining capacity determination module 270.
The first voltage U can be adjusted1Inputting the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the coulombic efficiency eta into a residual capacity determination function, and determining the output of the residual capacity determination function as the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested.
In some embodiments, a State of Health (SOH) value of the lithium ion battery to be tested may be determined according to a ratio of a remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested to a nominal capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested. The health state value of the lithium ions can reflect the attenuation degree of the lithium ion battery to be tested.
In some embodiments, when the remaining capacity and/or state of health value of the lithium ion battery under test is less than the threshold, the user may be prompted to perform a replacement. The threshold may be a default setting of the lithium ion battery remaining capacity determination system 100 or a setting made by the user through the user terminal 160.
Based on the method proposed by the above embodiment, the verification of the electric core of the electric vehicle will be performed below.
Example 1
For a nickel cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery with a nominal capacity of 21Ah, a plurality of nickel cobalt lithium manganate batteries (i.e., reference lithium ion batteries) are first charged and discharged, so as to obtain charging data of the reference nickel cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery, as shown in table 1.
Table 1 reference charge data for lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion batteries
Performing a first fitting operation and a second fitting operation on the charging data in table 1 to obtain f (T), f (U)1) The functions of (A) are as follows (4) and (5):
f(U1)＝-1.5709×U1+6.2019。 (5)
and (3) carrying out constant current charging on 3 samples of the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery to be tested with the nominal capacity of 21Ah, wherein the charging current is 21A, and K is 1. The eta of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery to be measured is 99.98 percent by the national standard method. The lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery to be tested was tested 3 times using the method described in fig. 3, and the remaining capacity of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery to be tested was determined as shown in table 2. According to 3 times of verification, the maximum value of the calculated deviation is 1.8%, the minimum value is 1.0%, and the calculated deviation is small. According to the method, the state of the battery system can be well mastered, the battery system can be timely replaced when necessary, and the comprehensive performance of the battery is improved.
TABLE 2 test results of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion batteries to be tested
Example 2
For a lithium iron phosphate battery with a nominal capacity of 80Ah, a plurality of lithium iron phosphate batteries (i.e., reference lithium ion batteries) are charged and discharged, and charging data of the reference lithium iron phosphate batteries is obtained, as shown in table 3.
Table 3 reference charging data for lithium iron phosphate batteries
| Charging current A | U1/V | T/℃ | Charging capacity/Ah | t1/s | t2/s |
| 40 | 3.366 | 30.2 | 78.278 | 2743 | 6959 |
| 40 | 3.362 | 30.7 | 82.354 | 2722 | 7334 |
| 40 | 3.362 | 30.3 | 79.216 | 2941 | 7059 |
| 40 | 3.363 | 30.3 | 81.07 | 3021 | 7246 |
| 40 | 3.361 | 31.0 | 80.591 | 2819 | 7201 |
| 40 | 3.366 | 31.0 | 77.204 | 2805 | 6869 |
| 40 | 3.362 | 31.9 | 81.911 | 2902 | 7307 |
| 40 | 3.361 | 32.2 | 78.972 | 2863 | 7037 |
| 40 | 3.367 | 38.6 | 76.814 | 2906 | 6832 |
| 40 | 3.366 | 36.5 | 77.884 | 2902 | 6932 |
| 40 | 3.365 | 35.7 | 78.555 | 2923 | 6994 |
Performing a first fitting operation and a second fitting operation on the charging data in the table 3 to obtain f (T) and f (U)1) The functions of (1) are as follows (6) and (7):
f(T)＝0.026ln(T)+0.9162， (6)
f(U1)＝-5.9211×U1+20.445。 (7)
and (3) carrying out constant current charging on 3 lithium iron phosphate battery samples to be measured with the nominal capacity of 80Ah, wherein the charging current is 40A, and K is 1. The eta of the lithium iron phosphate battery to be tested is 99.99 percent by the national standard method. The lithium iron phosphate battery to be tested is tested for 3 times by using the method described in fig. 3, and the result of the residual capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery to be tested is obtained, as shown in table 4. According to 3 times of verification, the maximum value of the calculated deviation is 1.4%, the minimum value is 0.38%, and the calculated deviation is small. According to the method, the state of the battery system can be well mastered, the battery system can be timely replaced when necessary, and the comprehensive performance of the battery is improved.
Table 4 test results of lithium iron phosphate batteries to be tested
The beneficial effects that may be brought by the embodiments of the present description include, but are not limited to: (1) the residual capacity can be obtained without fully charging the lithium ion battery to be tested, and the requirement on the initial charging battery charge state (namely the residual charge capacity) is low; (2) the residual capacity and the health state value of the lithium ion battery to be detected can be calculated on line only by using the voltage, current and temperature parameters of the lithium ion battery to be detected, which are acquired by the battery management system, so that the estimation accuracy is high, and the actual running condition of the whole vehicle is better met.
Having thus described the basic concept, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed disclosure is to be regarded as illustrative only and not as limiting the present specification. Various modifications, improvements and adaptations to the present description may occur to those skilled in the art, although not explicitly described herein. Such modifications, improvements and adaptations are proposed in the present specification and thus fall within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present specification.
Also, the description uses specific words to describe embodiments of the description. Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with at least one embodiment of the specification is included. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, some features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the specification may be combined as appropriate.
Additionally, the order in which the elements and sequences of processes are described in this specification, the use of numerical letters, or the use of other names are not intended to limit the order of the processes and methods described in this specification, unless explicitly stated in the claims. While various presently contemplated embodiments of the invention have been discussed in the foregoing disclosure by way of example, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the embodiments herein. For example, although the system components described above may be implemented by hardware devices, they may also be implemented by software-only solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.
Similarly, it should be noted that in the preceding description of embodiments of the present specification, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the embodiments. This method of disclosure, however, is not intended to imply that more features than are expressly recited in a claim. Indeed, the embodiments may be characterized as having less than all of the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.
Numerals describing the number of components, attributes, etc. are used in some embodiments, it being understood that such numerals used in the description of the embodiments are modified in some instances by the use of the modifier "about", "approximately" or "substantially". Unless otherwise indicated, "about", "approximately" or "substantially" indicates that the number allows a variation of ± 20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties of the individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameter should take into account the specified significant digits and employ a general digit preserving approach. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the range are approximations, in the specific examples, such numerical values are set forth as precisely as possible within the scope of the application.
For each patent, patent application publication, and other material, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, etc., cited in this specification, the entire contents of each are hereby incorporated by reference into this specification. Except where the application history document does not conform to or conflict with the contents of the present specification, it is to be understood that the application history document, as used herein in the present specification or appended claims, is intended to define the broadest scope of the present specification (whether presently or later in the specification) rather than the broadest scope of the present specification. It is to be understood that the descriptions, definitions and/or uses of terms in the accompanying materials of this specification shall control if they are inconsistent or contrary to the descriptions and/or uses of terms in this specification.
Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other variations are also possible within the scope of the present description. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of the specification can be considered consistent with the teachings of the specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present description are not limited to only those embodiments explicitly described and depicted herein.
Claims (13)
1. A method for determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery, the method comprising:
acquiring a capacity-voltage differential curve, a current-time curve and a temperature-time curve of a lithium ion battery to be tested in a charging process, wherein the charging process comprises an initial voltage U0Cutoff voltage Umax；
Determining a first voltage U corresponding to a maximum value in the capacity voltage differential curve1And a first time t1；
According to the capacity voltage differential curve and the first voltage U1And the cut-off voltage UmaxDetermining the second voltage U2And a second time t corresponding thereto2Wherein, U1<U2≤Umax；
According to the first time t1The second time t2And said current-time curve, determining said first time t1And the second time t2Interval capacity Δ Cap charged in between;
according to the temperature-time curve, determining the first time t in the charging process1To what is shownThe second time t2In the time period, the average temperature T of the lithium ion battery to be tested;
acquiring a residual capacity determining function; and
according to the first voltage U1Determining the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested according to the interval capacity delta Cap, the average temperature T and the residual capacity determination function.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the capacity-voltage differential curve comprises at least one characteristic peak.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the lithium ion battery under test is charged at a current of I0The interval capacity Δ Cap is calculated according to the following formula:
ΔCap＝I0(t2-t1)。
4. the method for determining the remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery according to claim 2, wherein the charging process of the lithium ion battery to be tested is non-constant current charging, and the calculation formula of the interval capacity Δ Cap is as follows:
where I represents the current during charging.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the remaining capacity determination function is calculated by the following formula:
wherein Cap represents a remaining capacity; (t) represents a function related to the average temperature of the battery during charging; f (U)1) Represents a function related to the first voltage U1; eta represents the coulomb efficiency of the lithium ion battery to be tested; k represents a coefficient related to a charging current during the charging.
6. The method of determining the remaining capacity of a lithium-ion battery according to claim 5,
(t) is determined by performing a first fitting operation on the charge data of the reference lithium ion battery; and f (U)1) Is determined by performing a second fitting operation on the charging data of the reference lithium ion battery.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the lithium ion battery to be tested is a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium ion battery, wherein,
f(U1)＝-1.5709×U1+6.2019。
8. the method according to claim 6, wherein the lithium ion battery to be tested is a lithium iron phosphate battery, wherein,
f(T)＝0.026ln(T)+0.9162；
f(U1)＝-5.9211×U1+20.445。
9. the method for determining the remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery to be tested is a single battery in a power battery of an electric vehicle.
10. The method of determining the remaining capacity of a lithium-ion battery of claim 9, further comprising:
and determining the health state value of the lithium ion battery to be tested according to the ratio of the residual capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested to the nominal capacity of the lithium ion battery to be tested.
11. The method of determining the remaining capacity of a lithium-ion battery of claim 10, further comprising:
and when the health state value of the lithium ion battery to be tested is smaller than a threshold value, prompting a user to replace the lithium ion battery to be tested.
12. A system for determining a remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory;
the at least one memory is to store instructions;
the processor is used for executing the instructions and realizing the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein when the computer instructions in the storage medium are read by a computer, the computer performs the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.
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| CN117092524B (en) * | 2023-09-12 | 2024-03-22 | 宁夏宝丰昱能科技有限公司 | Capacity calibration method, terminal equipment and readable storage medium |
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