CN111562501A - Lithium ion battery SOC-OCV relation curve calibration method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calibrating a lithium ion battery SOC-OCV relation curve, which comprises the following steps of 1, fully charging a battery at normal temperature, and estimating the battery capacity under the influence of different temperature conditions; step 2, performing a segmented discharge test by adopting a discharge capacity cut-off method at a set temperature, and recording a corresponding static voltage and an SOC after each discharge; and fitting the obtained data to obtain an SOC-OCV relation curve, namely the SOC-OCV relation curve at the set temperature. The invention has the advantages that: constant volume tests under different temperature conditions are omitted. The OCV-SOC relation model is obtained by fitting and analyzing the collected test data, the method greatly improves the SOC estimation precision, corrects the SOC value and effectively improves the SOC precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery systems for electric vehicles, in particular to a method for calibrating a lithium ion battery SOC-OCV relation curve.
Background
Electric vehicles are favored by more and more people due to low noise, no pollution, diversified energy sources and high energy efficiency, and are also the development trend of future automobiles. The power battery system is a power source of the electric vehicle and is a storage device of energy, and during the use process of the battery, the state of charge (SOC) of the power battery system is an important index, which can know the remaining capacity of the battery under the current state, so as to facilitate the implementation of various instructions of the battery management system. In practical use, one of the SOC estimation methods is an open circuit voltage method and an ampere-hour integration method. The open circuit voltage method is a method of estimating the SOC by measuring the open circuit voltage of the battery using the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the battery and the state of charge of the battery.
The accurate SOC estimation for the pure electric vehicle is the basis for ensuring that the power battery can normally charge and discharge within the working range, the service life of the battery is prolonged, the driving working condition is optimized, and the energy use efficiency of the electric vehicle is ensured, so that an accurate SOC-OCV curve is the premise for ensuring the SOC estimation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for calibrating a relation curve of SOC-OCV of a lithium ion battery, which aims to solve the problem that the SOC estimation of the battery is inaccurate due to the influence of temperature.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a calibration method for a lithium ion battery SOC-OCV relation curve comprises the steps of 1, fully charging a battery at normal temperature, and estimating the battery capacity under the influence of different temperature conditions;
step 2, performing a segmented discharge test by adopting a discharge capacity cut-off method at a set temperature, and recording a corresponding static voltage and an SOC after each discharge; and fitting the obtained data to obtain an SOC-OCV relation curve, namely the SOC-OCV relation curve at the set temperature.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
1) charging the battery cell by a constant current and constant voltage method at room temperature until the battery cell is charged to a set voltage and a set cut-off current;
2) and determining the estimated discharge capacity nC1 of the battery cell under the condition of temperature T, wherein n is a coefficient, and C1 is the rated capacity of the battery cell.
The charging to the set voltage in the step 1) is the cut-off voltage corresponding to the telecommunication.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
a) after the battery cell is placed at the temperature to be measured and is placed for a plurality of hours, recording the open-circuit voltage of the battery cell, wherein the open-circuit voltage is the static OCV corresponding to the battery under the condition that the battery cell is 100% in SOC, and recording the SOC and the corresponding static OCV;
b) controlling the constant current discharge of the battery, cutting off the discharge capacity according to KnC1, standing, and recording the static voltage V1 of the battery cell at the moment;
c) the step b) is circulated for a plurality of times, the electricity quantity is KnC1 according to the discharge every time until the battery discharges to the cut-off voltage under the temperature condition, and the electricity core discharge frequency is X times; recording the static voltage after each discharge standing and the corresponding SOC after the discharge;
d) and carrying out curve fitting on a plurality of groups of SOC recorded in the discharging process and the corresponding static voltage Vn to obtain an SOC-OCV curve at the set temperature T.
The value range of the cell discharge times X is more than or equal to 16 and less than or equal to 24, otherwise, the discharge test needs to be rearranged.
In the step b), 1C constant current discharge is adopted.
The discharge capacity corresponding to the final discharge to the cut-off voltage in the step C is C2, so that the total discharge capacity C3 of the battery cell at the temperature T is (X-1) × 5% × n × C1+ C2, and the static voltage Vn after each discharge is recorded; and calculating the m% SOC of the SOC state corresponding to the end of each discharge, and corresponding Vn to the m% SOC to obtain an SOC-OCV curve.
And (3) repeating the steps 1 and 2 through different temperatures T to calculate SOC-OCV curves at different temperatures.
The invention has the advantages that: constant volume tests under different temperature conditions are omitted. The OCV-SOC relation model is obtained by fitting and analyzing the collected test data, the method greatly improves the SOC estimation precision, corrects the SOC value and effectively improves the SOC precision.
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The contents of the expressions in the various figures of the present specification and the labels in the figures are briefly described as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of coordinate points of SOC and a static voltage Vn recorded at different temperatures according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of a statistically fitted SOC-OCV curve at-20 ℃ according to the methods of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of a statistically fitted SOC-OCV curve at-10 ℃ according to the methods of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of a statistically fitted SOC-OCV curve at 0 ℃ according to the methods of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of a statistically fitted SOC-OCV curve at 25 ℃ according to the methods of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a statistically fitted SOC-OCV curve at 45 ℃ according to the methods of the present application;
Detailed Description
The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention will be made in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly, conveniently and accurately testing an OCV-SOC curve, and the OCV-SOC curve with high accuracy is obtained by a linear fitting method, so that the estimation accuracy of SOC is greatly improved.
The invention provides an OCV-SOC relation estimation method, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
1) charging the battery cell by a constant current and constant voltage method at room temperature (generally, 25 ℃ is used as the room temperature condition), until the battery cell is charged to a set voltage (the set voltage can be the cut-off voltage of the battery cell), and cutting off the current to 0.05C;
2) estimating the estimated discharge capacity nC1 of the battery cell under the temperature T condition according to past data experience; n is a value coefficient at the temperature T, is a coefficient smaller than 1, generally causes the capacity of the battery to be reduced due to the temperature influence, and can determine the change of the capacity at different temperatures according to the production parameters of the battery so as to determine the coefficient n, wherein the coefficient n is generally 1 and a positive number slightly smaller than 1. Temperature T is the temperature at which the battery operates, and C1 is the rated capacity of the battery.
3) After the battery cell is placed at a temperature to be tested for a plurality of hours, recording the open-circuit voltage of the battery cell, wherein the voltage is the static OCV open-circuit voltage corresponding to the battery under the condition of 100% SOC, a temperature environment to be tested is created through a thermostat and a thermostatic chamber, and the open-circuit voltage is mainly prepared for a plurality of hours so that the battery is stable in performance after being charged and more accurate in test data, and generally only needs to be prepared for two hours;
4) discharging at a constant current of 1C, stopping the discharge capacity according to 5% nC1, standing for 2h, and recording the static voltage V1 of the battery cell at the moment; 5% is the value of the coefficient k, and the static voltage is recorded after the same capacity is discharged every time. The coefficient of K can be divided by other coefficients except 5 percent, and can be calibrated;
5) step 4) circulating for a plurality of times until the cell reaches the cut-off voltage under the temperature condition, wherein the cell discharge times is X times (X is more than or equal to 16 and less than or equal to 24, otherwise, the test needs to be rearranged, the set X needs to meet the condition, if the capacitance of each discharge is not readjusted, namely, the coefficient k is that the times X meets the requirement), the discharge capacity of the last step is C2, the cell discharges the capacitance C3 ═ X-1X 5% n X C1+ C2 under the temperature, and the static voltage Vn after each discharge is recorded;
6) calculating an SOC state m% SOC corresponding to the end of each discharge by taking 0-C3 as 100-0% SOC, drawing a curve graph of Vn and m% SOC, and reading an OCV value of 95/90/85/80/75/70/65/60/55/50/45/40/35/30/25/20/15/10/5/0% SOC on the curve;
7) the cell static OCV data at other temperature conditions were tested as above.
Has the advantages that:
according to the technical scheme, the OCV-SOC testing method in the lithium ion discharging process saves constant volume tests under different temperature conditions. The OCV-SOC relation model is obtained by fitting and analyzing the collected test data, the method greatly improves the SOC estimation precision, corrects the SOC value and effectively improves the SOC precision.
Taking the SOC-OCV test at 0 ℃ with the rated battery capacity C1 of 32Ah as an example, the specific steps in this example are as follows:
(1) according to past experience, the estimated discharge capacity of the battery cell under the condition of 0 ℃ is estimated to be 0.9C1 (the rated capacity of the battery cell is 32Ah adopted in the method); at the moment, the coefficient n is determined to be 0.9 according to the temperature of 0 ℃, the specific value of n is determined according to the performance of the battery, the parameters of a common manufacturer after leaving a factory can obtain the relation between the capacity change of the battery and the rated capacity at different temperatures.
(2) Charging the battery to 4.2V at room temperature under constant current and constant voltage of 1C, and stopping current at 0.05C; room temperature conditions are generally at a temperature of 25 ℃.
(3) And placing the battery cell in a 0 ℃ thermostat, standing for 6h until the battery temperature reaches 0 ℃, and recording the open-circuit voltage of the battery cell, wherein the voltage is 100% SOC static OCV.
(4) Under the environment temperature condition, discharging with 1C current, cutting off the discharge capacity according to 5%. 0.9C1, standing for 2h, and recording the static voltage V1 of the battery cell at the end of standing;
(5) performing a cycle test in the step 4 until the cell reaches a cut-off voltage of 0 ℃, wherein the discharge frequency of the cell is x times, the discharge capacity of the last step is C2, the discharge capacity of the cell at the temperature is C3 ═ x-1 x 5% 0.9 x 32+ C2, and the static voltage Vn after each discharge is recorded;
(6) and taking 0-C3 as 100-0% SOC, calculating the m% SOC (m is a coefficient corresponding to the battery power after each discharge) of the SOC state corresponding to the end of each discharge, drawing a curve graph of Vn and the m% SOC, and analyzing and fitting the curve by using a least square method to obtain the OCV value at the required SOC.
Fig. 2-7 show the SOC-OCV relationship curve fitted by recording the SOC-OCV relationship after each discharge and the SOC-OCV relationship curve at different temperatures, respectively, using the above-described method. It can be seen from the figure that the fitting curve forms are quite similar, that is to say, the estimation accuracy of the SOC is greatly improved by the OCV-SOC estimation method provided by the invention. And the fitting of SOC-OCV curves at different temperatures can be realized.
It is clear that the specific implementation of the invention is not restricted to the above-described embodiments, but that various insubstantial modifications of the inventive process concept and technical solutions are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A lithium ion battery SOC-OCV relation curve calibration method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: step 1, fully charging a battery at normal temperature, and estimating the battery capacity under the influence of different temperature conditions;
step 2, performing a segmented discharge test by adopting a discharge capacity cut-off method at a set temperature, and recording a corresponding static voltage and an SOC after each discharge; and fitting the obtained data to obtain an SOC-OCV relation curve, namely the SOC-OCV relation curve at the set temperature.
2. The method for calibrating the SOC-OCV relation curve of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein:
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
1) charging the battery cell by a constant current and constant voltage method at room temperature until the battery cell is charged to a set voltage and a set cut-off current;
2) and determining the estimated discharge capacity nC1 of the battery cell under the condition of temperature T, wherein n is a coefficient, and C1 is the rated capacity of the battery cell.
3. The method for calibrating the SOC-OCV relation curve of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the charging to the set voltage in the step 1) is the cut-off voltage corresponding to the telecommunication.
4. The method for calibrating the SOC-OCV relation curve of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the step 2 comprises the following steps:
a) after the battery cell is placed at the temperature to be measured and is placed for a plurality of hours, recording the open-circuit voltage of the battery cell, wherein the open-circuit voltage is the static OCV corresponding to the battery under the condition that the battery cell is 100% in SOC, and recording the SOC and the corresponding static OCV;
b) controlling the constant current discharge of the battery, cutting off the discharge capacity according to KnC1, standing, and recording the static voltage V1 of the battery cell at the moment;
c) the step b) is circulated for a plurality of times, the electricity quantity is KnC1 according to the discharge every time until the battery discharges to the cut-off voltage under the temperature condition, and the electricity core discharge frequency is X times; recording the static voltage after each discharge standing and the corresponding SOC after the discharge;
d) and carrying out curve fitting on a plurality of groups of SOC recorded in the discharging process and the corresponding static voltage Vn to obtain an SOC-OCV curve at the set temperature T.
5. The method for calibrating the SOC-OCV relation curve of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the value range of the cell discharge times X is more than or equal to 16 and less than or equal to 24, otherwise, the discharge test needs to be rearranged.
6. The method for calibrating the SOC-OCV relation curve of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the step b), 1C constant current discharge is adopted.
7. The method for calibrating the SOC-OCV relation curve of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the discharge capacity corresponding to the final discharge to the cut-off voltage in the step C is C2, so that the total discharge capacity C3 of the battery cell at the temperature T is (X-1) × 5% × n × C1+ C2, and the static voltage Vn after each discharge is recorded; and calculating the m% SOC of the SOC state corresponding to the end of each discharge, and corresponding Vn to the m% SOC to obtain an SOC-OCV curve.
8. The method for calibrating the SOC-OCV relation curve of the lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: and (3) repeating the steps 1 and 2 through different temperatures T to calculate SOC-OCV curves at different temperatures.
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Cited By (12)
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| CN112416371A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-26 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Remote upgrading method, device and system for vehicle-mounted system and storage medium |
| CN113176516A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-27 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Capacity prediction method, capacity prediction device, electronic device, and storage medium |
| CN113433473A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-24 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Method and device for detecting capacity retention rate of battery |
| CN113466697A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-10-01 | 深圳拓邦股份有限公司 | SOC estimation method of battery, computer terminal and storage medium |
| CN113517482A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-19 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | Method for rapidly evaluating capacity of lithium ion battery module |
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| CN113933728A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-14 | 江苏双登富朗特新能源有限公司 | Method for calibrating static SOC (State of Charge) by using SOC-OCV (State of Charge) -OCV (open Circuit Voltage) curve of lithium iron phosphate battery |
| CN113985286A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-28 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | SOC-OCV testing method for lithium ion battery at different temperatures |
| CN114184968A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-15 | 蓝谷智慧(北京)能源科技有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for evaluating capacity of battery pack |
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