CN110895310A - SOC (state of charge) estimation system of lithium iron phosphate battery - Google Patents
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, and discloses a lithium iron phosphate battery SOC estimation system which can realize real-time and reliable estimation of the state of charge of a lithium iron phosphate battery. The system comprises: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the running state parameters of the lithium iron phosphate battery, including voltage, current and running time values; the SOC calculation module is used for acquiring the current SOC value of the battery according to the running state parameters: when the current electric quantity is judged to be within the interval range of the first threshold value and the second threshold value, calculating the current SOC value through an ampere-hour integration method, and otherwise, inquiring the current SOC value through open-circuit voltage; the temperature compensation module is used for acquiring the running real-time temperature of the battery, providing a corresponding temperature compensation signal for the SOC calculation module according to the real-time temperature and assisting the SOC calculation module to acquire the current SOC value of the battery; and the SOC correction module is used for correcting the SOC value acquired by the SOC calculation module according to the relation between the ratio of the voltage change of the battery to the capacity change and the SOC value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a lithium iron phosphate battery SOC estimation system.
Background
Environmental problems and petrochemical energy shortage problems are long-standing problems in countries around the world, and with the rise of new energy technologies such as electric power and wind power, the new energy technologies are developed at a high speed. The lithium iron phosphate battery has the advantages of large discharge capacity (larger than the capacity of a common lead-acid battery, and the single body can reach 1000AH), long service life (the discharge capacity is still larger than 95% after 500 cycles), small volume (one third of the volume of the lead-acid battery with the same specification and capacity), no pollution to human bodies and environment (no heavy metal or rare metal), low price and the like, and becomes an important energy storage material in new energy technology.
As one of the core technologies of new energy, battery management technology plays an important role in the development of new energy technology, wherein accurate estimation of battery state of charge (SOC) is the most basic and important part of the battery management technology.
Patent CN201310031935.1 provides a method for estimating SOC using piecewise calculation: the battery capacity is within 10% and above 90% by adopting a load voltage method, and a rapid Kalman filtering method is adopted within the range of 10% to 90%. However, the load voltage method within 10% is only a theoretical value for research, in practical application, the 10% boundary is not enough to be applied to most batteries, meanwhile, the kalman filter is applicable to the whole life cycle of the battery charge-discharge cycle, and if the kalman filter is applied to the interval of 10% to 90% of the electric quantity, a large amount of extra work is generated by modeling, adaptation and the like again.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the SOC estimation system of the lithium iron phosphate battery is provided, and the real-time and reliable estimation of the state of charge of the lithium iron phosphate battery is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a lithium iron phosphate battery SOC estimation system comprises a data acquisition module, an SOC calculation module, a temperature compensation module and an SOC correction module;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the operating state parameters of the lithium iron phosphate battery, including voltage, current and operating time values;
the SOC calculation module is used for acquiring the current SOC value of the battery according to the running state parameters: when the current battery electric quantity is judged to be in the interval range of the first threshold value and the second threshold value, calculating the current SOC value through an ampere-hour integration method, and otherwise, inquiring the current SOC value through open-circuit voltage; the first threshold is less than a second threshold;
the temperature compensation module is used for acquiring the running real-time temperature of the battery, providing a corresponding temperature compensation signal for the SOC calculation module according to the real-time temperature and assisting the SOC calculation module to acquire the current SOC value of the battery;
and the SOC correction module is used for correcting the SOC value acquired by the SOC calculation module according to the relation between the ratio of the voltage change to the capacity change of the battery and the SOC value.
As a further optimization, the method for determining whether the current battery capacity is within the interval range of the first threshold and the second threshold by the SOC calculation module includes:
the system records the current battery capacity in real time, reads the battery capacity saved during shutdown when the system is restarted after shutdown, and compares the battery capacity with the interval range of the first threshold and the second threshold so as to judge whether the battery capacity is within the interval range of the first threshold and the second threshold.
For further optimization, the first threshold is 30%, the second threshold is 90%, namely when the current electric quantity is judged to be greater than 30% and less than 90%, the current SOC value is calculated through an ampere-hour integration method, and when the current electric quantity is judged to be less than or equal to 30% or the current electric quantity is judged to be greater than or equal to 90%, the current SOC value is inquired through an open-circuit voltage.
As a further optimization, the method for querying the current SOC value by the open-circuit voltage includes:
and obtaining and storing a corresponding relation table of the electric quantity of the battery between 0-30% and 90% -100% and the open-circuit voltage through repeated experiments, and inquiring the corresponding SOC value through the current open-circuit voltage if the electric quantity of the battery is judged to be between 0-30% or 90% -100% when the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery is estimated in real time.
As further optimization, the method for assisting the SOC calculation module to obtain the current SOC value of the battery comprises the following steps of providing corresponding temperature compensation signals for the SOC calculation module according to the real-time temperature:
performing repeated experiments at a plurality of different environmental temperatures to obtain corresponding relation tables of the SOC value of the battery at 0-30% and 90-100% and the open-circuit voltage at different environmental temperatures, wherein each corresponding relation table corresponds to one environmental temperature; when the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery is estimated in real time, if the current battery electric quantity is judged to be 0-30% or 90-100%, firstly inquiring a corresponding relation table through the current environment temperature, and then inquiring an SOC value in the corresponding relation table through the current open-circuit voltage;
when the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery is estimated in real time, if the current electric quantity is more than 30% and less than 90%, calculating the SOC value after temperature compensation by the following formula:
therein, SOC0Is an initial value, I is a charge-discharge current, the current during charge is negative, the current during discharge is positive, QNFor rated capacity of battery, TαThe battery operation standard temperature is T, the battery operation real-time temperature is T, n is a coefficient related to the battery structure, and the numerical value can be in a range of 1.15-1.28.
As a further optimization, the method for correcting the SOC value obtained by the SOC calculation module according to the relationship between the ratio of the battery voltage change to the capacity change and the SOC value includes:
and calculating current △ V/△ Q by taking voltage increase of 10mV as a detection point, recording, wherein △ V is 10mV, △ Q is increment of battery capacity in the time of △ V increase of 10mV, judging a peak value by using a △ V/△ Q curve slope, comparing current SOC calculated values when the peak value point is confirmed, and correcting if deviation is more than 5%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the performance characteristics of the battery in actual use, the real-time SOC of the battery is calculated in a segmented mode by combining an open-circuit voltage method and an ampere-hour integration method, the SOC value can be quickly inquired by using the open-circuit voltage due to the fact that the linear relation between the SOC value and the SOC is good at the initial stage and the final stage of charging and discharging, the SOC value is calculated by adopting the ampere-hour integration method which is wide in application range, simple and convenient to operate and easy to operate in the middle stage of charging and discharging of the battery, meanwhile, a temperature compensation algorithm is introduced to compensate SOC calculation differences caused by different environment temperature values, correction based on △ V/△ Q curves is carried out on the calculated SOC value, and therefore the accuracy and reliability of SOC calculation are.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system for estimating SOC of a lithium iron phosphate battery according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention combines an open-circuit voltage method and an ampere-hour integration method to calculate the real-time SOC of the battery in a subsection manner, simultaneously introduces a temperature compensation algorithm to compensate SOC calculation difference brought by different environmental temperature values, and corrects the calculated SOC value based on an △ V/△ Q curve, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of SOC calculation.
In a specific implementation, the estimation system of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and includes a data acquisition module, an SOC calculation module, a temperature compensation module, and an SOC correction module; the implementation of each module is specifically described as follows:
(1) a data acquisition module:
the method is responsible for collecting data such as current, voltage and operation time when the lithium iron phosphate battery system operates, and the data provides basis for SOC calculation.
(2) An SOC calculation module:
the method comprises the following steps of inquiring SOC according to open-circuit voltage and calculating the SOC according to an ampere-hour integration method:
① according to the characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery, at the beginning and ending of charging and discharging, there is better linear relation between the open circuit voltage and the battery SOC, the experiment proves that the linear corresponding relation between the open circuit voltage and the battery SOC is obvious in the battery SOC value in the interval of 0-30% and 90-100%, the comparison relation between the open circuit voltage and the battery electric quantity at the beginning and ending of charging and discharging can be obtained and tabulated and stored in the system by repeating the experiment data acquisition, when the battery begins to charge and discharge, the system judges the current battery electric quantity (residual capacity/rated capacity, namely SOC) when the interval is the open circuit voltage module calculation interval, the voltage value acquired by the data acquisition module, and the accurate value of the current SOC is obtained by table lookup.
② Amph integration method is a common electric quantity accumulation method, which estimates the SOC of the battery by accumulating the electric quantity of the battery during charging and discharging, and the principle of the Amph integration method is that the battery is regarded as a closed system, the energy charged into the battery and discharged from the battery is measured, the electric quantity of the battery is recorded and monitored for a long time, and the residual electric quantity of the battery at any time during operation can be given0Then, the current battery system SOC is calculated as:
wherein QNFor the rated capacity, I is the battery current, η is the charge-discharge efficiency, and t is the system operation time.
Taking a complete charge-discharge cycle of the battery as an example, when the battery power is empty, namely the SOC value is 0, charging is started, the system automatically judges that the battery power is less than or equal to 30%, an open-circuit voltage method is used for judging the SOC, along with the charging, when the open-circuit voltage method judges that the battery power reaches 30% of the total power, an ampere-hour integration method is started, the charging is continuously executed, and when the ampere-hour integration method judges that the battery power reaches 90%, the open-circuit voltage method is started until the battery power is fully charged by 100%. When the battery is fully discharged, the open-circuit voltage method is started, when the open-circuit voltage method judges that the discharge reaches 90%, the system starts the ampere-hour integration method for judgment, when the discharge reaches 30%, the ampere-hour integration method is stopped, the open-circuit voltage method is started, and the judgment is continued. In addition, since the power is 0 and the charging is started, the system records the current power in real time as a basis for the system to determine which determination method to use when the system is powered off and restarted.
(3) A temperature compensation module:
the operation of the battery system is influenced by the temperature of the battery system and the temperature of the external environment, so that the SOC of the battery is not accurately calculated, particularly for an ampere-hour integration method, the calculation of an SOC result is influenced by the self accumulated error of the method, and the error is larger and larger along with the increase of the operation time of the system. The invention adopts a temperature compensation method to assist SOC calculation, which comprises the following steps:
① for the open circuit voltage method, the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the battery capacity is collected at different environmental temperatures (e.g. 10 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 40 deg.C, 50 deg.C, etc.), a corresponding relationship table is formed by normalization, and during actual use, the SOC value at the current temperature can be accurately obtained by looking up the tables at different temperatures.
② SOC calculation method with temperature compensation, which can be obtained by ampere-hour integral formula:
wherein the SOC0Is an initial value, I is a charge-discharge current (negative during charge and positive during discharge), CNThe battery rated capacity is adopted, K is a temperature compensation coefficient, and the calculation method comprises the following steps: k ═ KtX η, wherein KtFor temperature correction coefficient, η is charge-discharge efficiency, which is calculated by Kt＝1+0.008(Tα-T)，TαStandard temperature for battery operation (commonly 25 ℃), T is battery operation real-time temperature) η ═ I/IN)n-1Wherein I is charging and discharging current, INFor the rated current, n is a coefficient related to the cell structure, between 1.15 and 1.28, and an intermediate number of 1.28 can be taken without experiments.
In summary, the SOC calculation method with temperature compensation includes:
(4) an SOC correction module:
according to the operation characteristics of the lithium iron phosphate battery, △ V/△ Q and SOC have a certain corresponding relation when the battery operates, particularly when the SOC is 50% and 90%, the SOC corresponds to the peak value of a battery △ 0V/△ Q curve, therefore, the SOC calculated value can be corrected by using the relation, the current △ V/△ Q is calculated and recorded by taking the voltage increase of 10mV as a detection point, wherein △ V is 10mV, △ Q is the increment of the battery capacity in the time of the △ V increase of 10mV, the slope of the △ V/△ Q curve is used for judging the peak value, when the peak value point is confirmed, the current SOC calculated value is compared, and if the deviation is more than 5%, the correction is carried out.
Through the system, the real-time SOC value of the lithium iron phosphate battery can be accurately estimated.
Claims (6)
1. The SOC estimation system of the lithium iron phosphate battery is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, an SOC calculation module, a temperature compensation module and an SOC correction module;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the operating state parameters of the lithium iron phosphate battery, including voltage, current and operating time values;
the SOC calculation module is used for acquiring the current SOC value of the battery according to the running state parameters: when the current battery electric quantity is judged to be within the interval range of the first threshold value and the second threshold value, calculating the current SOC value through an ampere-hour integration method, and otherwise, inquiring the current SOC value through open-circuit voltage; the first threshold is less than a second threshold;
the temperature compensation module is used for acquiring the running real-time temperature of the battery, providing a corresponding temperature compensation signal for the SOC calculation module according to the real-time temperature and assisting the SOC calculation module to acquire the current SOC value of the battery;
and the SOC correction module is used for correcting the SOC value acquired by the SOC calculation module according to the relation between the ratio of the voltage change to the capacity change of the battery and the SOC value.
2. The lithium iron phosphate battery SOC estimation system of claim 1,
the method for judging whether the current battery capacity is in the interval range of the first threshold and the second threshold by the SOC calculation module comprises the following steps:
the system records the current battery capacity in real time, reads the battery capacity saved during shutdown when the system is restarted after shutdown, and compares the battery capacity with the interval range of the first threshold and the second threshold so as to judge whether the battery capacity is within the interval range of the first threshold and the second threshold.
3. The lithium iron phosphate battery SOC estimation system of claim 1,
the first threshold value is 30%, the second threshold value is 90%, namely when the current electric quantity is judged to be more than 30% and less than 90%, the current SOC value is calculated through an ampere-hour integration method, and when the current electric quantity is judged to be less than or equal to 30% or the current electric quantity is judged to be more than or equal to 90%, the current SOC value is inquired through an open-circuit voltage.
4. The lithium iron phosphate battery SOC estimation system of claim 3,
the method for inquiring the current SOC value through the open-circuit voltage comprises the following steps:
and obtaining and storing a corresponding relation table of the electric quantity of the battery between 0-30% and 90% -100% and the open-circuit voltage through repeated experiments, and inquiring the corresponding SOC value through the current open-circuit voltage if the current electric quantity is judged to be between 0-30% or 90% -100% when the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery is estimated in real time.
5. The lithium iron phosphate battery SOC estimation system of claim 1,
the method for assisting the SOC calculation module to obtain the current SOC value of the battery comprises the following steps of:
performing repeated experiments at a plurality of different environmental temperatures to obtain corresponding relation tables of the electric quantity of the battery at 0-30% and 90-100% and the open-circuit voltage at different environmental temperatures, wherein each corresponding relation table corresponds to one environmental temperature; when the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery is estimated in real time, if the current electric quantity is judged to be 0-30% or 90-100%, firstly inquiring a corresponding relation table according to the current environment temperature, and then inquiring an SOC value in the corresponding relation table according to the current open-circuit voltage;
when the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery is estimated in real time, if the current electric quantity is more than 30% and less than 90%, calculating the SOC value after temperature compensation by the following formula:
therein, SOC0Is an initial value, I is a charge-discharge current, the current during charge is negative, the current during discharge is positive, QNFor rated capacity of battery, TαThe battery operation standard temperature is T, the battery operation real-time temperature is T, n is a coefficient related to the battery structure, and the numerical value can be in a range of 1.15-1.28.
6. The lithium iron phosphate battery SOC estimation system of claim 1,
the method for correcting the SOC value acquired by the SOC calculation module according to the relation between the ratio of the voltage change to the capacity change of the battery and the SOC value comprises the following steps:
and calculating current △ V/△ Q by taking voltage increase of 10mV as a detection point, recording, wherein △ V is 10mV, △ Q is increment of battery capacity in the time of △ V increase of 10mV, judging a peak value by using a △ V/△ Q curve slope, comparing current SOC calculated values when the peak value point is confirmed, and correcting if deviation is more than 5%.
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