CN116298192A - System and method for testing frozen soil landslide model under combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water - Google Patents
System and method for testing frozen soil landslide model under combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water Download PDFInfo
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- CN116298192A CN116298192A CN202310111089.8A CN202310111089A CN116298192A CN 116298192 A CN116298192 A CN 116298192A CN 202310111089 A CN202310111089 A CN 202310111089A CN 116298192 A CN116298192 A CN 116298192A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for testing a frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water, comprising a toughened glass box, wherein a frozen soil landslide model and reservoir water are arranged in the toughened glass box, a water outlet is arranged below the toughened glass box, a flowmeter is arranged at the water outlet and is connected with a measuring instrument, and a tracer is arranged in the frozen soil landslide model; the temperature control system is arranged on the toughened glass box and comprises a constant temperature box temperature control module, a slope body rear edge water tank temperature control module and an air circulation temperature control module, and the seepage control system is used for realizing seepage of the frozen soil landslide model and forming reservoir water in front of the slope body; the rainfall control system comprises a water pipe, a flow controller and a spray head, wherein the spray head is arranged in the toughened glass box and is positioned above the frozen soil landslide model, one end of the water pipe is connected with the spray head, the other end of the water pipe is connected with a water source, and the flow controller is arranged at the interface of the water pipe and the spray head; the multi-field monitoring system comprises a temperature sensor, a pore water pressure gauge, a water meter and a grating strain gauge which are arranged in the frozen soil landslide model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring and testing ground materials by a physical method, in particular to a system and a method for testing a frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water.
Background
Frozen soil is a four-phase mixture consisting of rock soil particles, ice, water and air, and is called frozen soil in a negative temperature environment for a duration of more than two years, and because the frozen soil contains unstable substances such as ice, the physical and mechanical properties of the frozen soil can become extremely unstable along with the change of factors such as temperature rise, rainfall, seepage and the like of the external environment.
Under the large background of global climate warming, a series of geological disasters such as landslide, debris flow and the like caused by special soil such as frozen soil are followed up, so that engineering construction of frozen soil areas is seriously threatened, and unpredictable damage is caused to the quality development of the engineering construction in China. Therefore, the method has important significance on the physical test research of the frozen soil landslide, the cause mechanism and evolution development rule of the leg short frozen soil landslide, and the adoption of positive preventive treatment measures.
At present, students at home and abroad are researching the catastrophe mechanism of the frozen soil landslide, which lays a good foundation for further researching evolution and development rules, disaster prevention and treatment measures and the like, but due to the special physical and mechanical properties of the frozen soil landslide and the complex multi-field coupling effect, a plurality of more complex and key problems are needed to be solved in addition to extreme climate conditions and seasonal changes of the frozen soil area. For landslide test, scholars at home and abroad invent a plurality of devices, but few consider the model test device under the action of temperature, seepage and storehouse water.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a system and a method for a frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water, which are used for carrying out the whole-process model test research of the frozen soil landslide under different temperatures and seepage conditions, namely, carrying out multi-field information monitoring on the whole process of the reevegization of the frozen soil landslide model, deepening the understanding of the seepage disaster mechanism of the frozen soil landslide, and providing test support for constructing a starting model of the frozen soil landslide.
The embodiment of the invention provides a frozen soil landslide model test system under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water, which comprises the following steps:
the toughened glass box is internally provided with a frozen soil landslide model and reservoir water, a water outlet is arranged below the toughened glass box, a flowmeter is arranged at the water outlet, the flowmeter is connected with a measuring instrument, and a tracer is arranged in the frozen soil landslide model;
the temperature control system is arranged on the toughened glass box and comprises a constant temperature box temperature control module, a slope body rear edge water tank temperature control module and an air circulation temperature control module, and is used for controlling the temperature in the toughened glass box;
the seepage control system is used for realizing seepage of the frozen soil landslide model and forming reservoir water in front of the slope body;
the rainfall control system comprises a water pipe, a flow controller and a spray head, wherein the spray head is arranged in the toughened glass box and is positioned above the frozen soil landslide model, one end of the water pipe is connected with the spray head, the other end of the water pipe is connected with a water source, and the flow controller is arranged at the interface of the water pipe and the spray head and used for controlling the water flow; the method comprises the steps of,
the multi-field monitoring system comprises a temperature sensor, a pore water pressure gauge, a water content gauge and a grating strain gauge which are arranged in the frozen soil landslide model and are respectively used for monitoring temperature change, pore water pressure change, water content and deformation in the frozen soil landslide model.
Further, the slope body rear edge water tank temperature control module comprises a heating pipe and a slope body rear edge water tank, wherein the heating pipe is arranged in the slope body rear edge water tank and is used for heating the water temperature in the slope body rear edge water tank.
Further, the toughened glass box is provided with a plurality of air inlets and air exhaust holes, the air circulation temperature control module comprises a plurality of air circulation fans, and the air circulation fans are arranged at the air inlets.
Further, the area of the air inlet is larger than the area of the air outlet.
Further, the front side wall and the top wall of the tempering model box are transparent, the left side wall is a drawing type glass plate, the exhaust holes are formed in the right side wall and the rear side wall, and the air exhaust fan is arranged in the upper side wall, the front side wall and the rear side wall.
Further, the seepage control system comprises a advection pump and a drawing type water tank, wherein the advection pump and the drawing type water tank are arranged at the rear edge of the slope body, a partition plate is arranged in the drawing type water tank, so that the drawing type water tank is divided into a groove A and a groove B, the height of the partition plate is lower than that of the drawing type water tank, a water inlet pipe of the advection pump is communicated with the rear edge water tank of the slope body, a water outlet pipe of the advection pump is communicated with the groove A, and the groove B is communicated with the rear edge water tank of the slope body through a connecting pipe, so that circulation of heating water is realized.
Further, the multi-field monitoring system further comprises a camera arranged above the slope body of the frozen soil landslide model, and an infrared thermal imager and a three-dimensional laser scanner are arranged on the slope surface of the frozen soil landslide model.
Further, the frozen soil landslide model comprises a frozen soil landslide model containing crushed ice and a frozen soil landslide model containing blocks.
The invention also provides a method for testing the frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water, which applies the system for testing the frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water, and comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the material composition and physical properties of natural frozen soil, and performing CT scanning on a frozen soil sample acquired in a research area to acquire the physical structural characteristics of the natural frozen soil; obtaining the material composition and grain composition curve of the natural frozen soil by means of instruments and screening tests;
s2, preparing remolded frozen soil through structural and component analysis of the frozen soil, and designing initial ice content without ice and with different gradients, wherein the initial ice content comprises two forms of crushed ice and block ice;
s3, adding a tracer with a certain concentration into the ice body configuration solution, and monitoring the flow rate and the tracer concentration at a downstream seepage water outlet of the landslide body, so that the real-time monitoring of the ice body ablation in the frozen soil landslide model can be realized, and a measuring instrument at the water outlet can monitor the concentration of the tracer in the water body in real time;
s4, fully mixing the remolded frozen soil with crushed ice and block ice with different initial ice contents, and respectively manufacturing a landslide model containing the crushed frozen soil and a landslide model containing the block frozen soil;
s5, when preparing a frozen soil landslide model, arranging a plurality of monitoring instruments such as a temperature sensor, a pore water pressure gauge, a water content gauge, a grating strain gauge, a flexible displacement gauge and the like in the landslide model, wherein the temperature sensor is used for monitoring a temperature field, the pore water pressure gauge is used for monitoring a seepage field, the grating strain gauge and the flexible displacement gauge are used for monitoring a deformation field, and the water content gauge can monitor the seepage field;
s6, placing the frozen soil landslide model in the toughened glass box, adjusting the layout positions of all monitoring instruments and ensuring normal use of the instruments;
s7, designing heating amplitudes and heating rates of different working conditions, and debugging a temperature control module of the constant temperature box and a temperature control module of a slope body rear edge water tank to enable the toughened glass box to be in a relatively stable temperature environment;
s8, designing seepage gradients under different working conditions, pumping the heated water body into a drawing type water tank by using a horizontal pump, adjusting the water level elevation in the model tank, ensuring that seepage is formed in the model and reservoir water is formed at the front edge of a landslide, and monitoring and recording flow changes by using a flowmeter in real time;
s9, designing a flow controller to control the rainfall, and adjusting the spraying direction and coverage of the spray head;
s10, connecting and debugging a high-speed camera, an infrared thermal imager and a three-dimensional laser scanner, and carrying out a plurality of groups of tests with different working conditions on the frozen soil landslide model containing crushed ice and the frozen soil landslide model containing blocks by a controlled variable method, wherein each instrument monitors and records data in real time.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the system for testing the frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water can be used for carrying out model test research on the stability, deformation, starting slip and destabilization damage of the frozen soil slope under the working conditions of different temperatures, rainfall and reservoir water, and acquiring time sequence data of frozen soil landslide multi-field monitoring and deformation damage characteristics of the whole landslide evolution process by carrying out a series of whole process evolution tests of the frozen soil landslide model under different ice occurrence forms, initial ice content, temperature rise rate and amplitude, seepage gradient and rainfall magnitude so as to analyze a corresponding mechanism and a multi-field time-space evolution law of frozen soil landslide multi-field linkage under the temperature rise condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system for testing a frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature-rainfall-reservoir water;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the trailing edge tank temperature control module of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a landslide model with crushed frozen soil;
FIG. 4 is a landslide model of a frozen earth containing a block.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-frozen soil landslide model, a 2-infrared thermal imager, a 3-flowmeter, a 4-three-dimensional laser scanner, a 5-toughened glass box, a 6-data acquisition instrument, a 7-camera, an 8-air circulation fan, a 9-slope body trailing edge water tank temperature control module, a 10-water meter, an 11-grating strain gauge, a 12-flexible displacement meter, a 13-temperature sensor, a 14-pore water pressure meter, a 15-spray head, a 16-rainfall hole, a 17-water pipe, a 18-flow controller, a 19-advection pump, a 20-water inlet pipe, a 21-water outlet pipe, a 22-B groove, a 23-connecting pipe, a 24-A groove, a 25-drawing type water tank, a 26-slope body trailing edge water tank, a 27-heating pipe, a 28-partition board, a 29-exhaust hole, 30-reservoir water and a 31-measuring instrument.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a test system for a frozen soil landslide model 1 under combination of temperature-rainfall-reservoir water 30 provided by an embodiment of the invention comprises a toughened glass box 5, a temperature control system, a seepage control system, a rainfall control system and a multi-field monitoring system. The frozen soil landslide model 1 and the reservoir water 30 are arranged in the toughened glass box 5 to form a model box, a water outlet is arranged below the toughened glass box 5, a flowmeter 3 is arranged at the water outlet, a measuring instrument 31 is connected to the flowmeter 3, and a tracer is arranged in the frozen soil landslide model 1. The addition of the tracer can monitor the ice body melting amount in the frozen soil landslide model 1 in real time, the tracer with a certain concentration, such as sodium chloride experimental solution and carmine experimental solution, is added into the ice body configuration solution, and the real-time monitoring of the ice body melting amount is realized by monitoring the flow and the tracer concentration at the downstream seepage outlet of the landslide body.
The temperature control system is arranged on the toughened glass box 5 and comprises a constant temperature box temperature control module, a slope body rear edge water tank temperature control module 9 and an air circulation temperature control module, and is used for controlling the temperature in the toughened glass box 5. Specifically, the temperature control module of the incubator can provide a long-time and stable temperature environment for the whole mold box within the temperature range of-20-50 ℃, has a constant-rate temperature rise and fall function, and can adjust a proper temperature environment for the mold box according to experimental requirements. The slope body rear edge water tank temperature control module 9 comprises a heating pipe 27 and a slope body rear edge water tank 26, wherein the heating pipe 27 is arranged in the slope body rear edge water tank 26 and is used for heating the water temperature in the slope body rear edge water tank 26. The heating pipe 27 can stabilize the water temperature of the trailing edge water tank to a certain value for a long time in the range of 2-30 ℃, and has a constant rate of temperature rise and fall.
The seepage control system is used for realizing seepage of the frozen soil landslide model 1 and forming reservoir water 30 in front of the slope body; the seepage control system can control the water level of the water tank at a set elevation and has a constant-rate water level lifting function, and different seepage gradients can be designed according to experimental requirements.
The rainfall control system comprises a water pipe 17, a flow controller 18 and a spray head 15, wherein the spray head 15 is arranged in the toughened glass box 5 and is positioned above the frozen soil landslide model 1, a rainfall hole 16 can be formed in the top wall of the toughened glass box 5, one end of the water pipe 17 is connected with the spray head 15, the other end of the water pipe is connected with a water source, and the flow controller 18 is arranged at the interface of the water pipe 17 and the spray head 15 and is used for controlling the water flow; the flow controller 18 has different and gradient flow rates, and can simulate and control the rainfall. The spray head 15 can change the spraying direction and range, and uniformly spray water on the surface of the frozen soil landslide model 1 so as to simulate different rainfall conditions.
The multi-field monitoring system comprises a temperature sensor 13, a pore water pressure gauge 14, a water content gauge 10 and a grating strain gauge 11 which are arranged in the frozen soil landslide model 1 and are respectively used for monitoring temperature change, pore water pressure change, water content and deformation in the frozen soil landslide model 1. The temperature sensor 13 can sense the temperature change of the frozen soil landslide model 1 in real time and output stable data, and can be used for monitoring a temperature field; the pore water pressure gauge 14 can measure the pore water pressure change of the frozen soil landslide model 1 under different temperatures and seepage gradients, and is used for monitoring seepage fields; the grating strain gauge 11 is mainly used for strain and deformation measurement of the model for monitoring the deformation field.
Specifically, the toughened glass box 5 is provided with a plurality of air inlets and air outlets 29, the air circulation temperature control module comprises a plurality of air circulation fans 8, and the air circulation fans 8 are arranged at the air inlets. The air circulation fan 8 adopts the turbine power design of the airplane, so that circulation air outlet can be realized, the strong spiral wind beam can quickly push air in the model box to circulate, the temperature of the soil layer on the surface of the frozen soil model is changed, meanwhile, the influence of air temperature on soil bodies under different air speeds can be realized by changing the air speed of the air circulation fan 8, and the air pressure in the model box can be balanced through the air exhaust holes 29.
Preferably, the area of the air inlet is larger than that of the air outlet 29, which is beneficial to air circulation and improves the temperature uniformity of the model box.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the toughened mold box is a multi-layer vacuum transparent toughened glass box 5, and is composed of transparent toughened glass. The front side wall and the top wall of the tempering model box are transparent, the left side wall is a drawing type glass plate, the exhaust holes 29 are formed in the right side wall and the rear side wall, and the air exhaust fan is arranged in the upper side wall, the front side wall and the rear side wall. The glass box not only can meet the visualization in the test process, but also can observe the stability and deformation of the frozen soil landslide under different temperatures and seepage working conditions in real time. The whole process evolution of sliding and instability damage is started, and the method can be used for isolating the heat exchange between the whole frozen soil landslide model 1 test system and the outside, so that the model box is in a stable temperature environment.
Specifically, the seepage control system comprises a horizontal pump 19 and a drawing type water tank 25 which are arranged at the rear edge of a slope body, a partition plate 28 is arranged in the drawing type water tank 25 to divide the drawing type water tank 25 into an A groove 24 and a B groove 22, the height of the partition plate 28 is lower than that of the drawing type water tank 25, a water inlet pipe 20 of the horizontal pump 19 is communicated with a rear edge water tank 26 of the slope body, a water outlet pipe 21 of the horizontal pump 19 is communicated with the A groove 24, and the B groove 22 is communicated with the rear edge water tank 26 of the slope body through a connecting pipe 23 so as to realize circulation of a heating water body. The water body of the tank A24 can realize different seepage working conditions of the frozen soil landslide model 1, meanwhile, the tank B22 collects overflowed water and enters the slope body rear edge water tank 26 through the connecting pipe 23 to realize circulation of heated water body, the advection pump 19 can continuously pump the heated water body into the drawing type water tank 25 to realize seepage of the frozen soil landslide model 1, and the reservoir water 30 is formed at the front edge of the slope body. Meanwhile, the model box water flow outlet is connected with a flowmeter 3, so that the flow of model box water flow can be monitored in real time. The external measuring instrument 31 of the flowmeter 3 can monitor the concentration of the tracer in the water body in real time, so as to monitor the ice body ablation amount in the landslide model.
Further, the multi-field monitoring system further comprises a camera 7 arranged above the slope body of the frozen soil landslide model 1, and the thermal infrared imager 2 and the three-dimensional laser scanner 4 are arranged on the slope surface of the frozen soil landslide model 1. The camera 7 is a high-speed camera 7, the model adopts acA4112-8gc type for recording the whole process of the slope body damage, the thermal infrared imager 2 adopts an Xinared-T3 Pro thermal infrared imager 2, and the three-dimensional laser scanner 4 adopts Optech Polaris LR three-dimensional laser scanner 4 for acquiring slope surface temperature information and deformation information in the whole process of the landslide model reevaluation. Thermal infrared imager 2 may be used to monitor the temperature field and three-dimensional laser scanner 4 may be used to monitor the deformation field.
Specifically, the frozen soil landslide model 1 comprises a frozen soil landslide model 1 containing crushed ice and a frozen soil landslide model 1 containing block, wherein crushed ice and block ice can be used respectively during manufacturing and fully mixed with a remolded frozen soil sample to prepare the frozen soil landslide model 1 containing crushed ice and the frozen soil landslide model 1 containing block.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, a data acquisition instrument 6 is further disposed outside the tempered glass case 5, and is used for connecting with various instruments to acquire and collect measurement data.
The invention also provides a test method of the frozen soil landslide model 1 under the combination of the temperature, the rainfall and the reservoir water 30, and the test system of the frozen soil landslide model 1 under the combination of the temperature, the rainfall and the reservoir water 30 is applied, and comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the material composition and physical properties of natural frozen soil, and performing CT scanning on a frozen soil sample acquired in a research area to acquire the physical structural characteristics of the natural frozen soil; obtaining the material composition and grain composition curve of the natural frozen soil by means of instruments and screening tests;
s2, preparing remolded frozen soil through structural and component analysis of the frozen soil, and designing initial ice content without ice and with different gradients, wherein the initial ice content comprises two forms of crushed ice and block ice;
s3, adding a certain concentration of tracer into the ice body configuration solution, and monitoring the flow rate and the concentration of the tracer at a downstream seepage water outlet of the landslide body, so that the real-time monitoring of the ice body ablation in the frozen soil landslide model 1 can be realized, and the concentration of the tracer in the water body can be monitored in real time by a measuring instrument 31 at the water outlet;
s4, fully mixing the remolded frozen soil with crushed ice and block ice with different initial ice contents, and respectively manufacturing a landslide model 1 containing the crushed frozen soil and a landslide model 1 containing the block frozen soil; each model includes a plurality of operating conditions.
S5, when the frozen soil landslide model 1 is prepared, a plurality of monitoring instruments such as a temperature sensor 13, a pore water pressure gauge 14, a water content gauge 10, a grating strain gauge 11, a flexible displacement gauge 12 and the like are arranged in the landslide model, the temperature sensor 13 is used for monitoring a temperature field, the pore water pressure gauge 14 is used for monitoring a seepage field, the grating strain gauge 11 and the flexible displacement gauge 12 are used for monitoring a deformation field, and the water content gauge 10 can monitor the seepage field;
s6, placing the frozen soil landslide model 1 in the toughened glass box 5, adjusting the layout positions of all monitoring instruments and ensuring normal use of the instruments;
s7, designing heating amplitudes and heating rates of different working conditions, and debugging a temperature control module of the constant temperature box and a temperature control module 9 of a slope body rear edge water tank to enable the toughened glass box 5 to be in a relatively stable temperature environment;
s8, designing seepage gradients under different working conditions, pumping the heated water body into a drawing type water tank 25 by using a horizontal pump 19, adjusting the water level height in the model box, ensuring that seepage is formed in the model and reservoir water 30 is formed at the front edge of a landslide, and monitoring and recording flow changes by using a flowmeter 3 in real time;
in this step, after the water level of the pull-out water tank 25 reaches a certain height, the partition plate 28 of the groove 22 of the pull-out water tank 25B and the left glass plate of the transparent tempered glass tank 5 are simultaneously pulled away to realize a seepage condition, so as to ensure that seepage is formed in the model and form reservoir water 30 at the front edge of a landslide, meanwhile, water overflowing the partition plate 28 enters the a groove 24, and water enters the slope body rear edge water tank 26 through the connecting pipe 23, thereby realizing the circulation of heating water. The flow meter 3 monitors and records the flow rate change in real time.
S9, designing a flow controller 18 to control the rainfall, and adjusting the spraying direction and coverage of the spray head 15;
s10, connecting and debugging the high-speed camera 7, the thermal infrared imager 2 and the three-dimensional laser scanner 4, and carrying out tests on a plurality of groups of different working conditions on the frozen soil landslide model 1 and the block frozen soil landslide model 1 through a controlled variable method, wherein each instrument monitors and records data in real time.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The temperature control system comprises a constant temperature box temperature control module, a slope body trailing edge water tank temperature control module 9 and an air circulation temperature control module. The three modules can realize the evolution of frozen soil under various working conditions such as different temperatures, different temperature rising rates and the like. The air circulation fan 8 in the air circulation temperature control module adopts an airplane turbine power design, so that circulation air outlet can be realized, the strong spiral wind beam can quickly push air in the model box to circulate, the temperature of the soil layer on the surface of the frozen soil landslide model 1 is changed, and meanwhile, the influence of air temperature on soil bodies under different wind speeds can be realized by changing the wind speed of the air circulation fan 8. The inlet area of the air circulation fan 8 is larger than the area of the exhaust hole 29, which is beneficial to air circulation and improves the temperature uniformity of the model box.
(2) According to the seepage control system, a heated water body is pumped into the drawing type water tank 25 through the advection pump 19, the water tank is divided into the grooves A and B22, the water body in the groove A24 can realize different seepage working conditions of the frozen soil landslide model 1, meanwhile, the overflowed water is collected by the groove B22 and enters the slope body rear edge water tank 26 through the connecting pipe 23, circulation of the heated water body is realized, a model box water outflow opening is connected with the flowmeter 3, and the flow of model box water outflow can be monitored in real time.
(3) The rainfall control system can adjust the rainfall through the flow controller 18, and the spray head 15 can change the spraying direction and the coverage range so as to better simulate natural conditions.
(4) The tracer with a certain concentration is added into the ice preparation solution, and the real-time monitoring of the melting amount of the ice is realized by monitoring the flow and the concentration of the tracer at the downstream seepage outlet of the landslide body.
(5) The high-speed camera 7 is arranged above the frozen soil landslide body and used for recording the whole process of the damage of the landslide body, and the thermal infrared imager 2 and the three-dimensional laser scanner 4 are arranged at the position of the slope surface and used for acquiring the temperature information and the deformation information of the slope surface of the landslide model in the whole evolution process.
In this document, terms such as front, rear, upper, lower, etc. are defined with respect to the positions of the components in the drawings and with respect to each other, for clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of such orientation terms should not limit the scope of the protection sought herein.
The embodiments described above and features of the embodiments herein may be combined with each other without conflict.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The system for testing the frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water is characterized by comprising the following components:
the toughened glass box is internally provided with a frozen soil landslide model and reservoir water, a water outlet is arranged below the toughened glass box, a flowmeter is arranged at the water outlet, the flowmeter is connected with a measuring instrument, and a tracer is arranged in the frozen soil landslide model;
the temperature control system is arranged on the toughened glass box and comprises a constant temperature box temperature control module, a slope body rear edge water tank temperature control module and an air circulation temperature control module, and is used for controlling the temperature in the toughened glass box;
the seepage control system is used for realizing seepage of the frozen soil landslide model and forming reservoir water in front of the slope body;
the rainfall control system comprises a water pipe, a flow controller and a spray head, wherein the spray head is arranged in the toughened glass box and is positioned above the frozen soil landslide model, one end of the water pipe is connected with the spray head, the other end of the water pipe is connected with a water source, and the flow controller is arranged at the interface of the water pipe and the spray head and used for controlling the water flow; the method comprises the steps of,
the multi-field monitoring system comprises a temperature sensor, a pore water pressure gauge, a water content gauge and a grating strain gauge which are arranged in the frozen soil landslide model and are respectively used for monitoring temperature change, pore water pressure change, water content and deformation in the frozen soil landslide model.
2. The system for model test of frozen soil landslide under combination of temperature-rainfall-reservoir water of claim 1 wherein the slope body trailing edge water tank temperature control module comprises a heating pipe and a slope body trailing edge water tank, wherein the heating pipe is arranged in the slope body trailing edge water tank and is used for heating the water temperature in the slope body trailing edge water tank.
3. The system for testing the frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water as recited in claim 2, wherein the toughened glass box is provided with a plurality of air inlets and air outlets, and the air circulation temperature control module comprises a plurality of air circulation fans, and the air circulation fans are arranged at the air inlets.
4. A temperature-rainfall-reservoir water combination frozen soil landslide model test system as recited in claim 3 wherein the area of said air inlet is greater than the area of said air outlet.
5. The system for a model test of frozen soil landslide under combination of temperature, rainfall and water in a warehouse of claim 3, wherein the front side wall and the top wall of the tempering model box are transparent, the left side wall is a drawing type glass plate, the exhaust holes are arranged on the right side wall and the rear side wall, and the air exhaust fan is arranged on the upper side wall, the front side wall and the rear side wall.
6. The system for model test of frozen soil landslide under combination of temperature-rainfall-reservoir water as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seepage control system comprises a advection pump and a drawing type water tank which are arranged at the rear edge of a slope body, a partition plate is arranged in the drawing type water tank to divide the drawing type water tank into an A tank and a B tank, the height of the partition plate is lower than that of the drawing type water tank, a water inlet pipe of the advection pump is communicated with the rear edge water tank of the slope body, a water outlet pipe of the advection pump is communicated with the A tank, and the B tank is communicated with the rear edge water tank of the slope body through a connecting pipe so as to realize circulation of a heating water body.
7. The system for testing a frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water as recited in claim 6, wherein the multi-field monitoring system further comprises a camera arranged above a slope body of the frozen soil landslide model, and a thermal infrared imager and a three-dimensional laser scanner are arranged on a slope surface of the frozen soil landslide model.
8. The system for testing a frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and water in a reservoir of claim 1, wherein the frozen soil landslide model comprises a crushed frozen soil landslide model and a block frozen soil landslide model.
9. A method for testing a frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water, which is characterized by applying the system for testing the frozen soil landslide model under the combination of temperature, rainfall and reservoir water according to claim 7, and comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring the material composition and physical properties of natural frozen soil, and performing CT scanning on a frozen soil sample acquired in a research area to acquire the physical structural characteristics of the natural frozen soil; obtaining the material composition and grain composition curve of the natural frozen soil by means of instruments and screening tests;
s2, preparing remolded frozen soil through structural and component analysis of the frozen soil, and designing initial ice content without ice and with different gradients, wherein the initial ice content comprises two forms of crushed ice and block ice;
s3, adding a tracer with a certain concentration into the ice body configuration solution, and monitoring the flow rate and the tracer concentration at a downstream seepage water outlet of the landslide body, so that the real-time monitoring of the ice body ablation in the frozen soil landslide model can be realized, and a measuring instrument at the water outlet can monitor the concentration of the tracer in the water body in real time;
s4, fully mixing the remolded frozen soil with crushed ice and block ice with different initial ice contents, and respectively manufacturing a landslide model containing the crushed frozen soil and a landslide model containing the block frozen soil;
s5, when preparing a frozen soil landslide model, arranging a plurality of monitoring instruments such as a temperature sensor, a pore water pressure gauge, a water content gauge, a grating strain gauge, a flexible displacement gauge and the like in the landslide model, wherein the temperature sensor is used for monitoring a temperature field, the pore water pressure gauge is used for monitoring a seepage field, the grating strain gauge and the flexible displacement gauge are used for monitoring a deformation field, and the water content gauge can monitor the seepage field;
s6, placing the frozen soil landslide model in the toughened glass box, adjusting the layout positions of all monitoring instruments and ensuring normal use of the instruments;
s7, designing heating amplitudes and heating rates of different working conditions, and debugging a temperature control module of the constant temperature box and a temperature control module of a slope body rear edge water tank to enable the toughened glass box to be in a relatively stable temperature environment;
s8, designing seepage gradients under different working conditions, pumping the heated water body into a drawing type water tank by using a horizontal pump, adjusting the water level elevation in the model tank, ensuring that seepage is formed in the model and reservoir water is formed at the front edge of a landslide, and monitoring and recording flow changes by using a flowmeter in real time;
s9, designing a flow controller to control the rainfall, and adjusting the spraying direction and coverage of the spray head;
s10, connecting and debugging a high-speed camera, an infrared thermal imager and a three-dimensional laser scanner, and carrying out a plurality of groups of tests with different working conditions on the frozen soil landslide model containing crushed ice and the frozen soil landslide model containing blocks by a controlled variable method, wherein each instrument monitors and records data in real time.
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