CN116297101A - Double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device and method - Google Patents
Double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F22/00—Methods or apparatus for measuring volume of fluids or fluent solid material, not otherwise provided for
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device and a method, wherein the device comprises a bottom measuring cylinder, a bottomless measuring cylinder, a water seepage metering device, a first soil water content sensor, a second soil water content sensor and a control mechanism, wherein a water stop plate is arranged in the bottom measuring cylinder and divides the bottom measuring cylinder into an upper cylinder part and a lower cylinder part, the cross section of the upper cylinder part is identical to that of the bottomless measuring cylinder, a water guide port is arranged on the water stop plate, the water seepage metering device is arranged in the lower cylinder part and is connected with the water guide port, the water seepage metering device can collect water entering from the water guide port and meter the water quantity, the lower ends of the bottom measuring cylinder and the bottomless measuring cylinder are buried in planting field soil, the buried depths of the upper cylinder part and the bottomless measuring cylinder in the soil are identical, and the first soil water content sensor and the second soil water content sensor are respectively arranged in the soil in the upper cylinder part and the bottomless measuring cylinder; the control mechanism is respectively connected with the first soil water content sensor, the second soil water content sensor and the water seepage metering device in a signal mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecological measurement, in particular to a double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device and method.
Background
In a conventional rice field, the field surface is kept at a certain water layer depth (for example, the water layer depth is not less than 5 cm), and leakage exists at the lower boundary of the root zone of the rice field. In the planning, designing and managing of farmland drainage systems, people often use seepage as an important design index, and are also important bases for researching water-saving irrigation of rice. By regulating and controlling the leakage amount of the paddy field, the contradiction between water and air in the soil can be solved, the types of microorganisms in the soil can be changed, the soil permeability and the fertilizer supply condition can be improved, and the accumulation of soil reducing toxic substances can be reduced, so that the growth and development of crops can be promoted. The accurate monitoring of leakage is necessary, in the prior art, a steam infiltration instrument, a paddy field leakage instrument, a large undisturbed soil column leakage meter method, an indoor simulation method and the like are adopted to measure the leakage of the paddy field, but the methods can ignore lower boundary water flux when monitoring the leakage of the paddy field, and free outflow is smaller than actual outflow in the field, so that the problem that test data are not in accordance with actual conditions can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device and method, which can directly test leakage and evapotranspiration in the field, greatly reduce errors caused by estimating leakage and evapotranspiration of different space points by using meteorological data, and enable the test value to reflect actual conditions more accurately.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device, which is used for being installed in a planting field to test, and comprises a bottomed measuring cylinder, a bottomless measuring cylinder, a water seepage metering device, a first soil water content sensor, a second soil water content sensor and a control mechanism, wherein a water stop plate is arranged in the bottomed measuring cylinder, the water stop plate divides the bottomed measuring cylinder into an upper cylinder part and a lower cylinder part, the cross section shape of the upper cylinder part is the same as that of the bottomless measuring cylinder, a water guide port is arranged on the water stop plate, the water seepage metering device is installed in the lower cylinder part and is connected with the water guide port, the water seepage metering device can collect water entering from the water guide port and meter the water, the bottomless measuring cylinder and the lower end of the bottomless measuring cylinder are buried in the planting field, the upper cylinder part and the bottomless measuring cylinder are provided with soil, the depth of the upper cylinder part and the bottomless measuring cylinder in the soil is the same, the first soil water content sensor is installed in the upper cylinder part, and the water content sensor is installed in the soil in the bottomless measuring cylinder; the control mechanism is respectively connected with the first soil water content sensor, the second soil water content sensor and the water seepage metering device in a signal mode.
Further, the infiltration metering device includes basin and level sensor, the basin is used for receiving the water that gets into from the water guide mouth, level sensor sets up in the basin, level sensor links to each other with control mechanism signal.
Further, infiltration metering device includes still that drain pipe and water pump, drain pipe one end and basin intercommunication, the other end stretch out in planting field soil surface, the water pump sets up on the drain pipe, control mechanism links to each other with the water pump control.
Further, the control mechanism comprises a power supply, and the first soil water content sensor and the second soil water content sensor are connected with the power supply through power supply wires.
Further, the upper barrel sections of the bottomless measuring barrel and the bottomless measuring barrel are cylindrical, and the radius is 1.2 m-1.6 m.
Further, when the planting field is used for planting winter wheat, corn, cotton or rice, the depth of the bottomless measuring cylinder embedded in the soil is not less than 100cm, and the length of the part higher than the surface of the soil is not less than 20cm.
Further, the distance between the bottomless measuring cylinder and the bottomless measuring cylinder is not less than 1 meter.
The invention also provides a double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing method, which is carried out by adopting the double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device and comprises one or two of the following two measuring works:
A. water layer measurement work: a method for measuring soil leakage from a planted field when the surface has a water layer, comprising the steps of:
a1, ensuring that rainfall P in a bottomless measuring cylinder and a bottomless measuring cylinder in a measuring time period is the same;
a2, arranging an irrigation and water supplementing device to irrigate soil surfaces in the upper cylinder part of the bottomed measuring cylinder and the bottomless measuring cylinder respectively, so as to ensure that the depths of water layers on the soil surfaces in the upper cylinder part and the bottomless measuring cylinder are the same in the measuring and measuring time period, and the evapotranspiration quantity ET of the bottomed measuring cylinder and the bottomless measuring cylinder is the same;
a3, measuring by a bottomed measuring cylinder: determining the leakage quantity K in the bottomed measuring cylinder in the measuring time period through the water seepage metering device 1 Determining the water filling quantity M of the inner bottom measuring cylinder in the measuring time period 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining the evapotranspiration ET in the bottomed measuring cylinder by utilizing the water balance relation 0 ＝M 1 +P-K 1 ；
A4, measuring by a bottomless measuring cylinder: determining the irrigation quantity M of the bottomless measuring cylinder in the measuring time period 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining the leakage quantity K of the soil in the bottomless measuring cylinder by utilizing the water quantity balance relation 2 ＝M 2 +P-ET 0 The actual leakage amount of the soil is obtained.
B. Water-free layer measurement work: a method for measuring soil leakage from a planted field when the surface is free of a water layer, comprising the steps of:
b1, ensuring that the rainfall P' of the bottomless measuring cylinder and the bottomless measuring cylinder is the same in the measuring time period;
b2, measuring with a bottom measuring cylinder, comprising:
b21, determining the leakage quantity K in the bottomed measuring cylinder in the measuring time period through the water seepage metering device 1 ' determining the irrigation quantity M of the bottomless measuring cylinder in the measuring time period 1 'A'; measuring soil moisture content θ at the start and end points of the time period using a first soil moisture sensor, respectively 1,i And theta 1,i+1 ；
B22, obtaining the evapotranspiration ET in the bottomed measuring cylinder by utilizing the water balance relation 1 ＝M 1 '+P'–K 1 '+H*(θ 1,i -θ 1,i+1 ) Wherein H is the depth of the soil layer in the bottomless measuring cylinder, resulting in a function et=f (Δθ) of the evapotranspiration ET with respect to the variation Δθ of the water content of the soil;
b3, measuring by a bottomless measuring cylinder, comprising:
b31, determining the irrigation quantity M of the bottomless measuring cylinder in the measuring time period 2 'A'; measuring soil moisture content θ at the start and end points of the measurement period using a second soil moisture sensor, respectively 2,i And theta 2,i+1 ；
B32, utilize θ 2,i 、θ 2,i+1 And the function et=f (Δθ) to obtain the evapotranspiration ET of the soil in the bottomless cartridge 2 ；
B33, obtaining leakage quantity K in the bottomless measuring cylinder through water balance relation 2 '＝M 2 '+P'-ET 2 +H*(θ 2,j -θ 2,j+1 ) The actual leakage amount of the soil is obtained.
Further, in the step A2, the control mechanism is connected with the irrigation water supplementing device in a control manner, and the irrigation is automatically controlled by the control mechanism.
Further, a computer platform is also arranged, and the data transmitted by the water seepage metering device, the first soil water content sensor and the second soil water content sensor are collected through the control mechanism and are transmitted to the computer platform
As described above, the double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device and method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing traditional measurement method, the method has the advantages that the characteristic of 'in situ' is highlighted, the evapotranspiration and the leakage are directly tested in the planting field 8, errors caused by estimating the evapotranspiration and the leakage of different space points by using meteorological data (calculating reference crop evapotranspiration) are greatly reduced, and the test value can more accurately reflect the actual situation of dynamic change of the water quantity of the planting field 8.
2. The bottomless measuring cylinder 2 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 are organically combined to test leakage, and the measurement work of the water layer 10 and the bottomless layer 10 can be completed simultaneously, wherein the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 can realize the function of a lysimeter, obtain the evapotranspiration and leakage of a planting field 8 under the bottomless condition, the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 can keep the interface condition of paddy rice and other root areas in a natural state, and the evapotranspiration and leakage under the natural condition can be obtained by using the paddy field water level and soil moisture test data in the bottomless measuring cylinder 2, so that the test result is more in line with the actual condition.
3. The automatic operation control can be realized by utilizing the Internet plus technology, and the remote transmission of test data and the acceptance of control instructions can be realized by adopting the structures of the first soil water content sensor 4, the second soil water content sensor 5, the PLC controller, the information transmission module and the like, so that the real-time monitoring is realized, and great convenience is brought to the research of the water demand of field crops.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dual-cartridge in-situ soil leakage testing device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual cartridge in situ soil leak testing apparatus of the present invention performing a water layer measurement.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a dual cartridge in situ soil leak testing apparatus of the present invention performing a water free layer measurement.
Description of the reference numerals
1. Measuring cylinder with bottom
101. Water-stop plate
102. Upper tube part
103. Lower cylinder part
104. Water guide port
2. Bottomless measuring cylinder
3. Water seepage metering device
301. Water tank
302. Liquid level sensor
303. Water pump
304. Pump base
305. Case shell
306. Water receiving port
307. Control line
4. First soil moisture content sensor
5. Second soil moisture content sensor
6. Control mechanism
7. Drain pipe
8. Planting field
9. Computer platform
10. Aqueous layer
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention, which is described by the following specific examples.
It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that it can be practiced, since modifications, changes in the proportions, or adjustments of the sizes, which are otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are included in the spirit and scope of the invention which is otherwise, without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Also, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. are used herein for convenience of description, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and the relative changes or modifications are not to be construed as essential to the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device, which is used for being installed in a planting field 8 for testing, and comprises a bottom measuring cylinder 1, a bottomless measuring cylinder 2, a water seepage metering device 3, a first soil water content sensor 4, a second soil water content sensor 5 and a control mechanism 6, wherein a water stop plate 101 is arranged in the bottom measuring cylinder 1, the water stop plate 101 divides the bottom measuring cylinder 1 into an upper cylinder part 102 and a lower cylinder part 103, the cross section shape of the upper cylinder part 102 is the same as the cross section shape of the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 (namely, the cross section shape vertical to the length direction of the bottom measuring cylinder), a water guide port 104 is arranged on the water stop plate 101, the water seepage metering device 3 is installed in the lower cylinder part 103 and connected with the water guide port 104, the water seepage metering device 3 can collect water entering from the water guide port 104 and meter the water, the bottom measuring cylinder 1 and the lower end of the bottomless cylinder 2 are buried in soil 8, the upper cylinder part 102 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 are provided with soil, the upper cylinder part 102 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 are provided with the soil, the cross section 102 and the bottom 2 are provided with the water content sensor 4, the water content sensor 4 is arranged in the soil in the first soil 2 and the soil 2, the water content sensor 4 is buried in the soil 2, and the water content sensor 4 is the second soil sensor is the same; the control mechanism 6 is respectively connected with the first soil water content sensor 4, the second soil water content sensor 5 and the water seepage metering device 3 in a signal mode. The bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is a hollow cylinder which penetrates up and down, the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 is a hollow cylinder, and the water stop plate 101 is the bottom of the upper cylinder part 102.
The double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device can be installed in a planting field 8 for planting crops such as winter wheat, corn, cotton or rice to perform soil penetration testing, particularly in a rice field for planting rice, can be used for measuring a water layer 10 and can also be used for measuring a water-free layer 10, and is particularly as follows:
A. water layer 10 measurement work: for measuring soil leakage of the planting field 8 with the surface having the water layer 10, see fig. 3, comprising the steps of:
a1, ensuring that the rainfall in the bottom measuring cylinder and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 in the measuring time period is the same, wherein the rainfall is marked as P. Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the upper tube portion 102 is the same as that of the bottomless measuring tube 2, and when installed, the bottomed measuring tube 1 and the bottomless measuring tube 2 are set at a proper distance, the interval is not less than 1m, and at the same time, not less than 5m, ensuring that the rainfall entering the bottomed measuring tube 1 and the bottomless measuring tube 2 is the same.
A2, arranging an irrigation water supplementing device to irrigate the upper cylinder part 102 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 of the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 respectively, and ensuring that the depths of the water layers 10 on the soil surfaces of the upper cylinder part and the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 are the same in the measuring time period, wherein the field soil belongs to a saturated state in the measuring time period, and the cross section shape of the upper cylinder part 102 is the same as the cross section shape of the bottomless measuring cylinder 2, so that the evapotranspiration quantity ET in the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is the same. Wherein preferably, a water layer depth sensor (not shown in the drawing) is arranged in the upper cylinder part 102 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 to detect the depth of the water layer 10, and a signal is transmitted to the control mechanism 6, and the control mechanism 6 controls the water filling condition of the irrigation water replenishing device, so that the same depth of the water layer 10 in the upper cylinder part 102 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is ensured.
A3, measuring by using a bottomed measuring cylinder 1: determining the leakage K in a measuring cylinder 1 with a bottom in a measuring period by a water seepage metering device 3 1 Determining the water filling quantity M of the inner bottom measuring cylinder in the measuring time period 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining the evapotranspiration ET in the bottomed measuring tube 1 by utilizing the water balance relation 0 ＝M 1 +P-K 1 . Specifically, since the leaked water in the upper tube portion 102 of the bottomed measuring tube 1 is collected from the water guide port 104 into the water penetration metering device 3, the leakage amount K is obtained by measuring the amount of water that has entered the water penetration metering device 3 in the measurement period 1 . Irrigation quantity M 1 Then determined by the irrigation moisturizing device. Evapotranspiration ET in a bottomed measuring cylinder 1 0 To be evaluated according to the water balance relation M 1 +P＝ET 0 +K 1 Obtain the evapotranspiration ET 0 ＝M 1 +P-K 1 。
A4, measuring by using a bottomless measuring cylinder 2: determining the irrigation quantity M of the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 in the measuring period 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining the leakage quantity K of the soil in the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 by utilizing the water quantity balance relation 2 ＝M 2 +P-ET 0 The actual leakage amount of the soil is obtained. Specifically, the irrigation volume M 2 The infiltration quantity K in the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is determined by an irrigation water supplementing device 2 To be evaluated according to the water balance relation M 2 +P＝K 2 +ET 0 To the evapotranspiration K 2 ＝M 2 +P-ET 0 。
B. Water-free layer 10 measurement work: referring to fig. 3, the method is used for measuring the soil leakage condition of the planted field 8 when the surface is free of the water layer 10, specifically, under the water-saving control irrigation condition of crops, such as rice, after the tillering stage, the water content of the soil in the root zone of the rice is controlled to be not lower than a certain threshold value of the water filling level, so that the rice is ensured to grow normally, and the water-free layer 10 state of the rice field is often generated. Under the condition of no water layer 10, the planting field 8 at the lower boundary of the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 is in a free outflow state, which is different from the water flow state at the lower boundary of the planting field 8 of the bottomless measuring cylinder, and the evapotranspiration in the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 and the leakage of the lower boundary of the planting field 8 are different. The water-free layer 10 measurement comprises the following steps:
b1, ensuring that the rainfall of the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is the same in the measuring time period, and marking the rainfall as P'; specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the upper tube portion 102 is the same as that of the bottomless measuring tube 2, and when installed, the bottomed measuring tube 1 and the bottomless measuring tube 2 are set at a suitable distance, preferably not less than 1m and not more than 5m, ensuring that the rainfall entering the bottomed measuring tube 1 and the bottomless measuring tube 2 is the same.
B2, measuring by the bottomed measuring cylinder 1, comprising:
b21, determining the leakage quantity K of the bottomed measuring cylinder 1 in the measuring time period through the water seepage metering device 3 1 ' determining the irrigation quantity M of the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 in the measuring period 1 'A'; measuring soil moisture content θ at the start and end points of the measurement period with the first soil moisture content sensor 4, respectively 1,i And theta 1,i+1 . Specifically, since the leaked water in the upper tube portion 102 of the bottomed measuring tube 1 is collected from the water guide port 104 into the water seepage metering device 3, the leakage amount K can be obtained by measuring the amount of water that has entered the water seepage metering device 3 in the measurement period 1 '. Irrigation quantity M 1 ' is determined by the irrigation moisturizing device. Wherein the measurement can be continuously performed, and a plurality of measurement time points with the same interval are selected for measurement, the measurement time periods are formed between the adjacent measurement time points, and the water content of the soil obtained by the first soil water content sensor 4 at different measurement time points is recorded as theta 1,i I represents the measurement time point sequence number.
B22, obtaining the evapotranspiration ET in the bottomed measuring cylinder 1 by utilizing the water balance relation 1 ＝M 1 '+P'–K 1 '+H*(θ 1,i -θ 1,i+1 ) Where H is the soil layer depth in the bottomless cartridge 2, a function et=f (Δθ) of the evapotranspiration ET with respect to the change amount Δθ of the soil moisture content is obtained. Specifically, the amount of evapotranspiration ET in the bottomed measuring cylinder 1 1 To be evaluated, a water storage capacity formula W=H.θ is calculated by using the water content of the soil to obtain a soil water storage capacity W of the soil in the upper cylinder 102 at the beginning of the period 1,i ＝H·θ 1,i And soil water storage capacity W at the end of the period 1,i+1 ＝H·θ 1,i+1 By means of water balance relation W 1,i+1 ＝W 1,i +M 1 '+P'-ET 1 -K 1 ' ET is available 1 ＝M 1 '+P'–K 1 '+H*(θ 1,i -θ 1,i+1 ) According to the formula, the evapotranspiration is obtainedFunction et=f (Δθ) of the amount ET with respect to the amount of change Δθ in the water content of the soil.
B3, measuring by the bottomless measuring cylinder 2, comprising:
b31, determining the irrigation quantity M of the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 in the measuring time period 2 'A'; measuring the soil moisture content θ at the start and end points of the measurement period with the second soil moisture content sensor 5, respectively 2,i And theta 2,i+1 . Specifically, the irrigation volume M 2 ' is determined by the irrigation moisturizing device. The measurement can be continuously performed, and the water content of the soil obtained by the first soil water content sensor 4 at different measurement time points is recorded as theta 2,i I represents the measurement time point number, and the measurement time point selected is the same as that in step B22.
B32, utilize θ 2,i 、θ 2,i+1 And the function et=f (Δθ) to obtain the evapotranspiration ET of the soil in the bottomless cartridge 2 2 。
B33, obtaining leakage K in the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 through water balance relation 2 '＝M 2 '+P'-ET 2 +H*(θ 2,j -θ 2,j+1 ) The actual leakage amount of the soil is obtained. Specifically, the water balance relationship W is utilized 2,i+1 ＝W 2,i +M 2 '+P-ET 2 -K 2 Wherein W is 2,i And W is 2,i+1 To obtain K by the soil water storage amount of the soil in the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 at the beginning and ending points of the measuring period 2 '＝M 2 '+P'-ET 2 +H*(θ 2,j -θ 2,j+1 ) This value is the actual leakage of the soil.
In the water layer 10 measurement work and the water-free layer 10 measurement work, the selection of the measurement time period can be determined according to actual needs, for example, a day or several hours.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention is further described in the following by way of an embodiment:
in this embodiment, see fig. 1, as a preferred design, the water penetration measuring device 3 comprises a water tank 301 and a liquid level sensor 302, the water tank 301 is used for receiving water entering from the water guide port 104, the liquid level sensor 302 is arranged in the water tank 301, and the liquid level sensor 302 is in signal connection with the control mechanism 6 through a control line 307. The water seepage metering device 3 further comprises a box shell 305, the water tank 301 and the liquid level sensor 302 are arranged in the box shell 305, the box shell 305 plays a role in protecting and reducing water volatilization, a water receiving port 306 is formed in the upper end of the box shell 305 and is used for being in butt joint with the water guide port 104, water flows into the water tank 301 from the water receiving port 306, the change condition of the water level is detected through the liquid level sensor 302, a signal is output to the control mechanism 6, and the water quantity in the water tank 301 is calculated according to the water level change.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, as a preferred design, the water seepage metering device 3 further includes a drain pipe 7 and a water pump 303, one end of the drain pipe 7 is communicated with the water tank 301, the other end extends out of the soil surface of the planting field 8, the water pump 303 is disposed on the drain pipe 7 and is located in the housing, and the control mechanism 6 is connected with the water pump 303 through a control line 307. When the water tank 301 is overfilled and reaches a specified height, the water pump 303 is started to discharge the water in the water tank 301 to the ground through the water discharge pipe 7 without affecting the subsequent work, so that the work can be performed on the earth for a long time.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, as a preferred design, the control mechanism 6 includes a power source, and the first soil moisture content sensor 4 and the second soil moisture content sensor 5 are connected to the power source through power supply lines to supply power, and may also include a solar panel, and charge with solar energy, so that the test operation can be continuously performed for a long time.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, as a preferred design, both the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 and the upper cylinder portion 102 of the bottomed measuring cylinder 1 are cylindrical, have the same diameter, and have a diameter of not less than 0.9m, preferably 1.2m to 1.6m, for convenience of filling and detection. When the planting field 8 is used for planting winter wheat, corn, cotton or rice, the depth of the upper cylinder 102 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 embedded in the soil is not less than 100cm, and the length of the part above the soil surface is not less than 20cm. The wall thickness of the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 can be set according to actual needs so as to facilitate construction and installation as a principle.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, as a preferred design, the dual-barrel in-situ soil leakage testing device further includes a computer platform 9, the control mechanism 6 may adopt a PLC controller and an information transmission module, and implement communication with the computer platform 9 by using a wired or wireless communication manner, so as to implement remote data transmission and control instruction reception, collect data transmitted from the water seepage metering device 3, the first soil moisture content sensor 4, and the second soil moisture content sensor 5 by using the control mechanism 6, and transmit the data to the computer platform 9, and perform monitoring, control, calculation and other tasks by using the computer platform 9, and implement remote cloud control and calculation by using an internet technology.
In the double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing method, the water layer 10 measuring work and the water-free layer 10 measuring work can be realized, the related parameters including the data collecting time points of the first soil water content sensor 4, the second soil water content sensor 5 and the liquid level sensor 302 and the like can be set through the computer platform 9, and the data can be collected for each half hour. When the automatic water supplementing device works, the irrigation water supplementing device is controlled to automatically supplement water, the irrigation water injection quantity is collected, a corresponding calculation program is set, and the calculation processes in the steps A3 and A4 and the steps B2 and B3 are automatically calculated, so that the full-automatic double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing method is carried out, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) When the water layer 10 is measured, the control mechanism 6 controls the irrigation water replenishing device to automatically replenish water and detect the depth of the water layer 10, the irrigation water quantity and the water quantity data in the water seepage metering device 3 are collected and collected according to the specified time points, the two measurement time points are taken as measurement time periods, automatic calculation is completed, accumulated water in the water seepage metering device 3 can be timely discharged, and long-time automatic operation is realized; (2) When the water-free layer 10 is measured, the control mechanism 6 controls the irrigation water supplementing device to automatically supplement water and detect the depth of the water layer 10, the irrigation water injection quantity, the water quantity data in the water seepage metering device 3 and the data of the first soil water content sensor 4 and the second soil water content sensor 5 are collected according to the specified time points, the two measurement time points are taken as measurement time periods, automatic calculation is completed, accumulated water in the water seepage metering device 3 can be timely discharged, and long-time automatic operation is realized.
The mounting mode of the double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device comprises the following steps: (1) a bottomed measuring tube 1 portion: the installation method of the bottomed measuring cylinder 1 is similar to the installation method of the existing lysimeter, the bottomed measuring cylinder 1 is arranged in a excavated soil pit with specified depth, the outside of the cylinder is backfilled with undisturbed soil in a layered manner, the inside of the upper cylinder part 102 is backfilled with soil in a layered manner according to the volume weight of the soil, a first soil water content sensor 4 (the embedding method depends on the type of the sensor, and the soil in the cylinder is disturbed as little as possible) and a water layer depth sensor are installed in the process, and then an irrigation water supplementing device is installed. The water seepage metering device 3 and the irrigation water supplementing device are connected with the control mechanism 6, the first soil water content sensor 4 is connected with the control mechanism 6, and a protection box can be arranged to protect the control mechanism 6. (2) bottomless measuring tube 2 part: during installation, a circular area slightly larger than the diameter of the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is needed to be selected, external soil is dug in layers with a certain thickness (such as 10 cm) along the edge of the area, the center of the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is aligned with the center of the area and is vertically pressed down, then the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is dug and dug layer by layer, until the target depth is reached, finally the soil outside the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is backfilled, and the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 is installed. Then a second soil moisture content sensor 5 (the embedding method can be determined by the type of the sensor, and the soil in the cylinder is disturbed as little as possible) and a water layer depth sensor are embedded in the bottomless measuring cylinder 2. When the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 operates, only the water filling quantity in the cylinder needs to be recorded (automatic control metering can be realized). Without the water layer 10, the first soil moisture content sensor 4 monitors data transmission to the control mechanism 6.
From the above, the dual-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing device and method of the invention have the following technical effects:
1. compared with the existing traditional measurement method, the method has the advantages that the characteristic of 'in situ' is highlighted, the evapotranspiration and the leakage are directly tested in the planting field 8, errors caused by estimating the evapotranspiration and the leakage of different space points by using meteorological data (calculating reference crop evapotranspiration) are greatly reduced, and the test value can more accurately reflect the actual situation of dynamic change of the water quantity of the planting field 8.
2. The bottomless measuring cylinder 2 and the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 are organically combined to test leakage, and the measurement work of the water layer 10 and the bottomless layer 10 can be completed simultaneously, wherein the bottomless measuring cylinder 1 can realize the function of a lysimeter, obtain the evapotranspiration and leakage of a planting field 8 under the bottomless condition, the bottomless measuring cylinder 2 can keep the interface condition of paddy rice and other root areas in a natural state, and the evapotranspiration and leakage under the natural condition can be obtained by using the paddy field water level and soil moisture test data in the bottomless measuring cylinder 2, so that the test result is more in line with the actual condition.
3. The automatic operation control can be realized by utilizing the Internet plus technology, and the remote transmission of test data and the acceptance of control instructions can be realized by adopting the structures of the first soil water content sensor 4, the second soil water content sensor 5, the PLC controller, the information transmission module and the like, so that the real-time monitoring is realized, and great convenience is brought to the research of the water demand of field crops.
In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utility value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a binocular normal position soil seepage testing arrangement for install and test in planting field (8), its characterized in that: the device comprises a bottomed measuring cylinder (1), a bottomless measuring cylinder (2), a water seepage metering device (3), a first soil water content sensor (4), a second soil water content sensor (5) and a control mechanism (6), wherein a water stop plate (101) is arranged in the bottomed measuring cylinder (1), the water stop plate (101) divides the bottomed measuring cylinder (1) into an upper cylinder part (102) and a lower cylinder part (103), the cross section shape of the upper cylinder part (102) is the same as the cross section shape of a bottomless measuring cylinder (2), a water guide port (104) is arranged on the water stop plate (101), the water seepage metering device (3) is arranged in the lower cylinder part (103) and connected with the water guide port (104), the water seepage metering device (3) can collect water entering from the water guide port (104) and meter the water quantity, the lower ends of the bottomed measuring cylinder (1) and the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) are buried in soil of a planting field (8), the upper cylinder part (102) and the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) are provided with water guide ports (104), the water guide ports (102) are arranged in the soil of the same depth of the upper cylinder (102) and the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) in the soil, the second soil water content sensor (5) is arranged in the soil in the bottomless measuring cylinder (2); the control mechanism (6) is respectively connected with the first soil water content sensor (4), the second soil water content sensor (5) and the water seepage metering device (3) through signals.
2. The dual cartridge in situ soil leakage testing device of claim 1, wherein: the water seepage metering device (3) comprises a water tank (301) and a liquid level sensor (302), wherein the water tank (301) is used for receiving water entering from the water guide port (104), the liquid level sensor (302) is arranged in the water tank (301), and the liquid level sensor (302) is in signal connection with the control mechanism (6).
3. The dual cartridge in situ soil leakage testing device of claim 2 wherein: the water seepage metering device (3) comprises a water drainage pipe (7) and a water pump (303), one end of the water drainage pipe (7) is communicated with the water tank (301), the other end of the water drainage pipe extends out of the soil surface of the planting field (8), the water pump (303) is arranged on the water drainage pipe (7), and the control mechanism (6) is connected with the water pump (303) in a control mode.
4. The dual cartridge in situ soil leakage testing device of claim 1, wherein: the control mechanism (6) comprises a power supply, and the first soil water content sensor (4) and the second soil water content sensor (5) are connected with the power supply through power supply wires.
5. The dual cartridge in situ soil leakage testing device of claim 1, wherein: the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) and the upper cylinder section of the bottomless measuring cylinder (1) are both cylindrical, and the radius is 1.2 m-1.6 m.
6. The dual cartridge in situ soil leakage testing device of claim 1, wherein: when the planting field (8) is used for planting winter wheat, corn, cotton or rice, the embedding depth of the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) in soil is not less than 100cm, and the length of the part higher than the surface of the soil is not less than 20cm.
7. The dual cartridge in situ soil leakage testing device of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) and the bottomless measuring cylinder (1) is not less than 1 meter.
8. A double-cylinder in-situ soil leakage testing method is characterized in that: use of a dual cartridge in situ soil leakage testing apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprising one or both of the following two measurements:
A. water layer measurement work: for measuring the soil leakage of a planted field (8) when the surface has a water layer, comprising the steps of:
a1, ensuring that rainfall P in a bottomless measuring cylinder (1) and a bottomless measuring cylinder (2) in a measuring time period is the same;
a2, arranging an irrigation and water supplementing device to irrigate the soil surface in the upper cylinder part (102) of the bottomed measuring cylinder (1) and the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) respectively, so as to ensure that the depth of the water layer on the soil surface in the upper cylinder part and the lower cylinder part is the same in the measuring period, and the evapotranspiration quantity ET of the bottomed measuring cylinder (1) and the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) is the same;
a3, measuring by using a bottomed measuring cylinder (1): determining the leakage quantity K in a bottomed measuring cylinder (1) in a measuring period by a water seepage metering device (3) 1 Determining the water filling quantity M of the inner bottom measuring cylinder in the measuring time period 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining the evapotranspiration ET in the bottomed measuring cylinder (1) by utilizing the water balance relation 0 ＝M 1 +P-K 1 ；
A4, measuring by a bottomless measuring cylinder (2): determining the filling quantity M of the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) in the measuring time period 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining the leakage quantity K of the soil in the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) by utilizing the water quantity balance relation 2 ＝M 2 +P-ET 0 The actual leakage amount of the soil is obtained.
B. Water-free layer measurement work: for measuring the soil leakage of a planted field (8) when the surface is free of a water layer, comprising the steps of:
b1, ensuring that the rainfall P' of the bottomless measuring cylinder (1) and the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) is the same in the measuring time period;
b2, measuring by a bottomed measuring cylinder (1), comprising:
b21, determining the leakage quantity K in the bottomed measuring cylinder (1) in the measuring time period through the water seepage metering device (3) 1 ' determining the irrigation quantity M of the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) in the measuring time period 1 'A'; measuring soil moisture content θ at the start and end points of the time period with a first soil moisture sensor (4), respectively 1,i And theta 1,i+1 ；
B22, obtaining the evapotranspiration ET in the bottomed measuring cylinder (1) by utilizing the water balance relation 1 ＝M 1 '+P'–K 1 '+H*(θ 1,i -θ 1,i+1 ) Wherein H is the soil layer depth in the bottomless measuring cylinder (2), resulting in a function et=f (Δθ) of the evapotranspiration ET with respect to the change in the soil moisture content;
b3, measuring by a bottomless measuring cylinder (2), comprising:
b31, determining the water filling quantity M of the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) in the measuring time period 2 'A'; measuring the soil moisture content theta at the start and end points of the measurement period by using a second soil moisture content sensor (5) 2,i And theta 2,i+1 ；
B32, utilize θ 2,i 、θ 2,i+1 And the function et=f (Δθ) to obtain the evapotranspiration ET of the soil in the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) 2 ；
B33, obtaining leakage quantity K in the bottomless measuring cylinder (2) through water balance relation 2 '＝M 2 '+P'-ET 2 +H*(θ 2,j -θ 2,j+1 ) The actual leakage amount of the soil is obtained.
9. The dual cartridge in situ soil leakage testing method of claim 8, wherein: in the step A2, a control mechanism is connected with the irrigation water supplementing device in a control way, and the irrigation is automatically controlled by the control mechanism.
10. The dual cartridge in situ soil leakage testing method of claim 8 or 9, wherein: the water seepage metering device is also provided with a computer platform (9), and data transmitted by the water seepage metering device (3), the first soil water content sensor (4) and the second soil water content sensor (5) are collected through the control mechanism (6) and are transmitted to the computer platform (9).
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