CN116292603A - 尤其用于航空航天应用的具有改善的耐磨性的滑动轴承 - Google Patents
尤其用于航空航天应用的具有改善的耐磨性的滑动轴承 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种尤其用于航空航天应用的滑动轴承包括外圈(2)和内圈(3),外圈(2)和内圈(3)分别包括内表面(2a)和外表面(3b),内表面(2a)和外表面(3b)旨在彼此协作以用于外圈(2)和内圈(3)的相对运动。此外,内圈(3)和/或外圈(2)是由金属基质复合材料制成的。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及滑动轴承,更确切地说,涉及特别适用于航空航天应用的滑动轴承的改善的耐磨性(wear resistance)。
背景技术
通常,在自润滑滑动轴承中,硬材料(诸如,钢)或硬涂层(诸如,陶瓷)与自润滑材料结合使用。该组合导致在滑动轴承的内圈与外圈之间的界面(/接触面)(interface)处的优化的耐磨性和摩擦阻力(/耐摩擦性)(optimised wear and friction resistance)。
自润滑材料通常存在于衬套(/内衬/衬层)(liner)中并且被认为是可消耗材料,而相对的相对表面(opposing counter-surface)被优化为不具有磨损或具有非常低的磨损(wear)。
为了符合航空航天工业中的减重要求,滑动轴承的重材料(诸如,钢)已经被轻合金代替。
然而,轻合金具有差的摩擦学性能,尤其是当抵着复合的自润滑衬套使用时。例如,在非常低的负载下,铝合金在非常少的振荡循环之后表现出磨料磨损(abrasivewear)。
已知通过表面处理方法(诸如,物理气相沉积(PVD)或高速氧燃料(HVOF))来施加硬涂层,以增强由钢以及轻合金(诸如,钛)制成的滑动轴承的寿命。
然而,因为HVOF或PVD技术的高工艺温度将导致材料过时效(/过老化)(overaging)并导致机械性能降低,所以通过这些方法获得的涂层不能应用于作为基底(/基板)(substrate)的某些轻合金(诸如,铝)。
PVD和HVOF技术不适合于铝轻合金,因此可以通过硬阳极氧化(hard anodising)方法在铝合金的表面上形成电化学产生的氧化铝层。所得到的涂层能够改善铝合金的耐磨性。
该解决方案的缺点是与涂覆的钢相比,涂覆的铝合金的耐磨性仍然很低。
发明内容
因此,本发明旨在通过提供一种适用于航空航天应用的具有改善的耐磨性的滑动轴承来克服这些缺点,该滑动轴承可以由轻合金(诸如,具有有限热阻性的铝)获得。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种尤其用于航空航天应用的包括外圈和内圈的滑动轴承,所述外圈和所述内圈分别包括内表面和外表面,所述内表面和所述外表面旨在彼此协作以用于所述外圈和所述内圈的相对运动(/移动)(movement)。
在第一实施方式中,所述内圈是由金属基质复合材料(metal matrixcompositematerial)制成的。
在第二实施方式中,所述外圈是由金属基质复合材料制成的。
在第三实施方式中,所述内圈和所述外圈中的每一者是由金属基质复合材料制成的。
根据一个实施方式,所述金属基质复合材料可以包括铝合金基质。
有利的是,铝基质的主要合金元素可以是铜、锌、或者镁与硅的组合。
优选的是,所述金属基质复合材料是用陶瓷填料增强的。
根据一个实施方式,所述陶瓷填料包括碳化硅颗粒。
更优选的是,所述碳化硅的颗粒大小被包括在0.7微米至3微米之间。
更优选的是,所述碳化硅填料的体积分数被包括在15%至28%之间。
有利的是,所述滑动轴承还包括介于所述外圈的内表面与所述内圈的外表面之间的自润滑衬套。在这种情况下,所述滑动轴承是自润滑滑动轴承。
有利的是,所述衬套包括填充有玻璃纤维的酚醛树脂基质。
有利的是,所述滑动轴承可以是球面滑动轴承。在这种情况下,所述外圈的内表面是凹入的,所述内圈的外表面是凸出的。
附图说明
本发明的其他优点和特征将从本发明的实施方式的详细描述中显现,在附图中示出的本发明的实施方式是非限制性示例,其中:
[图1]示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的球面滑动轴承。
具体实施方式
参照图1,主轴线X的球面滑动轴承(spherical plain bearing)1包括相对于内圈3同心定位的外圈2。示例性滑动轴承1是用于航空航天应用的轻量化(/轻质)滑动轴承。
外圈2具有球形的凹形孔或内表面2a,并且内圈3具有球形的凸形外表面3a。内圈3还包括圆柱形孔4。
内表面2a和外表面3a彼此面对并且具有相应的形状,以允许外圈2与内圈3之间的相对运动。
在所示出的示例中,所示出的滑动轴承1是自润滑滑动轴承。滑动轴承1包括在径向上介于外圈2的内表面2a与内圈3的外表面3a之间的自润滑衬套(self-lubricatingliner)5。自润滑衬套5减小摩擦并且使得在滑动轴承1的使用寿命期间减小磨损率。
衬套5可以是片(sheet)的形式并且附接到外圈2的内表面2a或内圈3的外表面3a中的一者。
在所示出的示例中,衬套5固定到外圈2的内表面2a并且具有面向内圈3的外表面3a的滑动接触表面。外圈3通过衬套5的插入(interposition)在径向上接触抵着(contactagainst)内圈2。
衬套5可以包括复合材料,例如填充有玻璃纤维的酚醛树脂基质(phenolicresinmatrix)。
此外,内圈3包括金属基质复合材料(/金属基复合材料)(metal matrixcompositematerial)。
在另一个实施方式中,滑动轴承1可以包括包含金属基质复合材料的外圈2、或者包含金属基质复合材料的内圈3与包含金属基质复合材料的外圈2的组合。
在所示出的实施方式中,金属基质复合材料包括铝合金基质(aluminumalloymatrix)。
铝基质的主要合金元素优选为铜、或锌、或镁与硅的组合。特别是,可以选择来自2/6/7xxx系列的铝基合金。
铝合金基质可以是例如AA2124合金。
铝合金是特别适用于航空航天应用的轻合金。
在另一个实施方式中,内圈3和/或外圈2可以由不同的轻合金基质制成,诸如以钛合金或镁合金为例。
所示出的外圈2由铝合金制成。铝合金的示例是AA2124合金。
优选地,金属基质复合材料用陶瓷填料(ceramic fillers)增强,例如用碳化硅颗粒增强。
更优选地,碳化硅的颗粒大小(/粒度)(particle size)包括在0.7μm至3μm之间,并且碳化硅填料的体积分数(volume fraction)包括在15%至28%之间。
铝合金基质复合材料可以是例如掺入(/合并)(incorporating)体积分数为25%的碳化硅的AMC225XE材料。
在铝合金基质中掺入硬质陶瓷填料增加了铝合金基质的宏观表面硬度(macrosurface hardness)。结果是,由碳化硅颗粒制成的内圈3表现出较大的耐磨性。
此外,陶瓷填料的存在导致改善经受抵着衬套5的硬质滑动接触表面的摩擦的内圈3的耐磨性,该硬质滑动接触表面可以包括硬质的填料颗粒,诸如玻璃纤维。
因此,所得到的自润滑滑动轴承1表现出较好的机械阻力、自润滑衬套5的改善的磨损性能,并因此延长了使用寿命。
特别地,在铝合金基质中包含陶瓷填料的内圈3显示出比未涂覆的铝合金(诸如,以AA7075铝合金为例)显著好的硬度和耐磨性。还发现的是,这种内圈3具有比钢基滑动轴承大的耐磨性。
这允许使用轻量化材料,而不需要额外的制造步骤来施加涂层。因此,与作为另一种选择的涂覆解决方案相比,制造滑动轴承的成本降低。
金属基质复合材料的使用可以使得能够制造适用于航空航天的基于轻合金的轻量化滑动轴承,该轻量化滑动轴承具有至少等于基于钢的滑动轴承的使用寿命。
根据一个实施方式,此外,可以在外圈2的内表面2a上或在内圈3的外表面3a上施加涂层,以便进一步改善施加涂层的圈的摩擦阻力、耐磨性或耐腐蚀性。
在所示出的示例中,滑动轴承是设置有衬套的自润滑滑动轴承。作为另一种选择,滑动轴承也可以不设置衬套。在这种情况下,外圈2在径向上直接接触抵着内圈3。
在所示出的示例中,滑动轴承是径向球面滑动轴承。作为另一种选择,滑动轴承可以是角接触球面滑动轴承或推力球面滑动轴承。在另一个实施方式中,滑动轴承可以是圆柱形滑动轴承。
Claims (10)
1.一种尤其用于航空航天应用的滑动轴承,包括外圈(2)和内圈(3),所述外圈(2)和所述内圈(3)分别包括内表面(2a)和外表面(3a),所述内表面(2a)和所述外表面(3b)旨在彼此协作以用于所述外圈(2)和所述内圈(3)的相对运动,其特征在于,所述内圈(3)和/或所述外圈(2)是由金属基质复合材料制成的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述金属基质复合材料包括铝合金基质。
3.根据权利要求2所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述铝基质的主要合金元素是铜、锌、或者镁与硅的组合。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述金属基质复合材料是用陶瓷填料增强的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述陶瓷填料包括碳化硅颗粒。
6.根据权利要求5所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,碳化硅的颗粒大小被包括在0.7μm至3μm之间。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述碳化硅填料的体积分数被包括在15%至28%之间。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,还包括介于所述外圈(2)的内表面(2a)与所述内圈(3)的外表面(3a)之间的自润滑衬套(5)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述衬套(5)包括填充有玻璃纤维的酚醛树脂基质。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述外圈的内表面(2a)是凹入的,并且所述内圈的外表面(3a)是凸出的。
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EP21215944.6A EP4198328B1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Plain bearing, notably for aerospace applications, having improved wear resistance |
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EP2844886B1 (en) * | 2012-04-30 | 2018-11-07 | Roller Bearing Company of America, Inc. | Hybrid bearing assembly with rolling elements and plain bearing |
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US10495141B2 (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-12-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Bearing with lightweight backing substrate |
FR3072740B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-23 | 2020-01-24 | SKF Aerospace France S.A.S | Rotule |
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