CN116292634A - 具有改善的耐磨性的滑动轴承 - Google Patents
具有改善的耐磨性的滑动轴承 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种滑动轴承包括外圈(2)和内圈(3),外圈(2)和内圈(3)中的每一者是由金属材料制成的并且外圈(2)和内圈(3)分别包括内表面(2a)和外表面(3b),内表面(2a)和外表面(3b)旨在彼此协作以用于外圈(2)和内圈(3)的相对运动。此外,内圈(3)的至少外表面(3a)设置有等离子体电解氧化涂层和/或外圈(2)的至少内表面(2a)设置有等离子体电解氧化涂层。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及滑动轴承,更确切地说,涉及特别适用于航空航天应用的滑动轴承的改善的耐磨性(wear resistance)。
背景技术
通常,在自润滑滑动轴承中,硬材料(诸如,钢)或硬涂层(诸如,陶瓷)与自润滑材料结合使用。该组合导致在滑动轴承的内圈与外圈之间的界面(/接触面)(interface)处的优化的耐磨性和摩擦阻力(/耐摩擦性)(optimised wear and friction resistance)。
自润滑材料通常存在于衬套(/内衬/衬层)(liner)中并且被认为是可消耗材料,而相对的相对表面(opposing counter-surface)被优化为不具有磨损或具有非常低的磨损(wear)。
为了符合航空航天工业中的减重要求,滑动轴承的重材料(诸如,钢)已经被轻合金代替。
然而,轻合金具有差的摩擦学性能,尤其是当抵着复合的自润滑衬套使用时。例如,在非常低的负载下,铝合金在非常少的振荡循环之后表现出磨料磨损(abrasivewear)。
已知通过表面处理方法(诸如,物理气相沉积(PVD)或高速氧燃料(HVOF))来施加硬涂层,以增强由钢以及轻合金(诸如,钛)制成的滑动轴承的寿命。
然而,因为HVOF或PVD技术的高工艺温度将导致材料过时效(/过老化)(overaging)并导致机械性能降低,所以通过这些方法获得的涂层不能应用于作为基底(/基板)(substrate)的某些轻合金(诸如,铝)。
PVD和HVOF技术不适合于铝轻合金,因此可以通过硬阳极氧化(hard anodising)方法在铝合金的表面上形成电化学产生的氧化铝层。所得到的涂层能够改善铝合金的耐磨性。
该解决方案的缺点是与涂覆的钢相比,涂覆的铝合金的耐磨性仍然很差。
发明内容
因此,本发明旨在通过提供一种具有改善的耐磨性的滑动轴承来克服这些缺点,该滑动轴承可以由轻合金(诸如,具有有限耐磨性的铝)获得。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种包括外圈和内圈的滑动轴承,所述外圈和所述内圈中的每一者是由金属材料制成的并且所述外圈和所述内圈分别包括内表面和外表面,所述内表面和所述外表面旨在彼此协作以用于所述外圈和所述内圈的相对运动(/移动)(movement)。
在第一实施方式中,所述内圈的至少外表面设置有等离子体电解氧化涂层(plasma electrolytic oxidation coating)。
在第二实施方式中,所述外圈的至少内表面设置有等离子体电解氧化涂层。
在第三实施方式中,所述内圈的至少外表面和所述外圈的至少内表面设置有所述等离子体电解氧化涂层。
根据一个实施方式,金属材料可以包括铝合金。
有利的是,铝合金的主要合金元素可以是铜、锌、或者镁与硅的组合。
优选的是,所述滑动轴承还包括介于所述外圈的内表面与所述内圈的外表面之间的自润滑衬套。在这种情况下,所述滑动轴承是自润滑滑动轴承。
更优选的是,所述自润滑衬套可以包括填充有玻璃纤维的酚醛树脂基质(phenolic resin matrix)。
根据一个实施方式,所述内圈的外表面可以是由铝合金制成的,使外表面涂覆有等离子体电解氧化涂层,所述外圈可以是由铝合金材料制成的、具有未被涂覆的内表面。
有利的是,所述滑动轴承可以是球面滑动轴承。在这种情况下,所述外圈的内表面是凹入的,所述内圈的外表面是凸出的。
有利的是,所述滑动轴承可被用于航空航天应用中。
本发明还涉及一种制造滑动轴承的方法,包括:
-提供分别包括内表面和外表面的外圈和内圈,所述内表面和所述外表面旨在彼此协作以用于所述外圈和所述内圈的相对运动(/移动)(movement);
-通过等离子体电解氧化工艺在所述外圈的内表面上和/或所述内圈的外表面上形成涂层;以及
-组装所述外圈和所述内圈。
附图说明
本发明的其他优点和特征将从本发明的实施方式的详细描述中显现,在附图中示出的本发明的实施方式是非限制性示例,其中:
[图1]示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的球面滑动轴承。
具体实施方式
参照图1,主轴线X的球面滑动轴承(spherical plain bearing)1包括相对于内圈3同心定位的外圈2。示例性滑动轴承1是用于航空航天应用的轻量化(/轻质)滑动轴承。
外圈2具有球形的凹形孔或内表面2a,并且内圈3具有球形的凸形外表面3a。内圈3还包括圆柱形孔4。
内表面2a和外表面3a彼此面对并且具有相应的形状,以允许外圈2与内圈3之间的相对运动。
在所示出的示例中,所示出的滑动轴承1是自润滑滑动轴承。滑动轴承1包括在径向上介于外圈2的内表面2a与内圈3的外表面3a之间的自润滑衬套(self-lubricatingliner)5。自润滑衬套5减小摩擦并且使得在滑动轴承1的使用寿命期间减小磨损率。
衬套5可以是片(sheet)的形式并且附接到外圈2的内表面2a或内圈3的外表面3a中的一者。
在所示出的示例中,衬套5固定到外圈2的内表面2a并且具有面向内圈3的外表面3a的滑动接触表面。外圈3通过衬套5的插入(interposition)在径向上接触抵着(contactagainst)内圈2。
衬套5可以包括复合材料,例如填充有玻璃纤维的酚醛树脂基质(phenolic resinmatrix)。
在所示出的示例中,内圈3和外圈2两者均由金属材料制成。
内圈3的外表面3a涂覆有等离子体电解氧化涂层,其在下文中被称为PEO涂层。
在另一个实施方式中,外圈2的内表面2a可以包括等离子体电解氧化涂层。
在另一个实施方式中,内圈3的外表面3a和外圈2的内表面2a两者均可以包括等离子体电解氧化涂层。
为了便于制造工艺,作为另一种选择,PEO涂层可以形成在内圈3的整个表面上。
等离子体电解氧化(也被称为微弧氧化)是适用于轻金属合金的电化学表面处理工艺,其允许在基底的表面处形成氧化物的保护层。
形成PEO涂层的方法包括在室温下向基底施加电势,该基底在所示出的示例中是置于含水电解质中的内圈3的外表面3a。
脉冲电压通过电解液浴传递被施加到基底(substrate)上。所产生的等离子体放电导致形成坚硬且致密的陶瓷层。
在所示出的实施方式中,金属材料包括铝合金。
铝合金是特别适用于航空航天应用的轻合金。
铝合金的主要合金元素优选为铜、或锌、或镁与硅的组合。特别地,可以选择来自2/6/7xxx系列的铝基合金。
铝合金可以是例如AA7075合金,优选是,AA7075、T73511。
在另一个实施方式中,内圈3和/或外圈2可以由不同的轻合金制成,诸如以钛合金或镁合金为例。
所示出的外圈2也由铝合金制成,例如铝合金是AA7075合金,优选是,AA7075、T73511。
根据一个实施方式,由铝合金制成的、具有涂覆有PEO涂层的内圈3的外表面3a的内圈3可以与外圈2的未被涂覆的内表面2a组合。
本发明还涉及一种制造滑动轴承1的方法,包括提供分别包括内表面2a和外表面3b的外圈2和内圈3,内表面2a和外表面3b旨在彼此协作以用于外圈2和内圈3的相对运动。
所提供的外圈2和内圈3由金属材料制成。
通过等离子体电解氧化工艺(/处理)在内圈3的外表面3b上形成涂层。
根据一个实施方式,作为另一种选择,该方法可以包括在外圈2的内表面2a上形成PEO涂层,或者在外圈2的内表面2a和内圈3的外表面3b两者上均形成PEO涂层。
然后组装外圈2和内圈3。
PEO涂层的使用导致改善经受抵着衬套5的硬质滑动接触表面的摩擦的内圈3的耐磨性,该硬质滑动接触表面可以包括例如硬质和粗糙(/研磨)(abrasive)的填料颗粒,诸如玻璃纤维。
因此,所得到的自润滑滑动轴承1表现出更好的机械阻力、自润滑衬套5的改善的磨损性能,并因此延长了使用寿命。
形成PEO涂层可以使得能够制造适用于航空航天的基于轻合金的轻量化滑动轴承,该轻量化滑动轴承具有至少等于基于钢的滑动轴承的使用寿命。
PEO涂层形成优化的硬相对表面,其几乎没有磨损并且保持自润滑衬套5材料的低磨损率。PEO涂层和自润滑衬套5的材料组合的耐磨性得到改善。这使得使用轻合金(诸如,铝合金)的经久耐用的滑动轴承适合于航空航天应用。
与通过硬质阳极氧化获得的涂层相比,PEO涂层的使用显著改善了PEO涂层与自润滑衬套5之间的相互作用的性能。
此外,PEO涂层可以另外改善存放(/储存/沉积)(deposited)的外圈2和/或内圈3的耐腐蚀性和机械性能。
用于获得PEO涂层的制造方法简单,符合对高温工艺敏感的轻合金(诸如,铝合金)的热性能,并且所述制造方法对这些轻合金的机械性能影响最小。
在所示出的示例中,滑动轴承是设置有衬套的自润滑滑动轴承。作为另一种选择,滑动轴承也可以不设置衬套。在这种情况下,外圈2在径向上直接接触抵着内圈3。
在所示出的示例中,滑动轴承是径向球面滑动轴承。作为另一种选择,滑动轴承可以是角接触球面滑动轴承或推力球面滑动轴承。在另一个实施方式中,滑动轴承可以是圆柱形滑动轴承。
Claims (8)
1.一种滑动轴承,包括外圈(2)和内圈(3),所述外圈(2)和所述内圈(3)中的每一者是由金属材料制成的并且所述外圈(2)和所述内圈(3)分别包括内表面(2a)和外表面(3b),所述内表面(2a)和所述外表面(3b)旨在彼此协作以用于所述外圈(2)和所述内圈(3)的相对运动,其特征在于,所述内圈(3)的至少外表面(3a)设置有等离子体电解氧化涂层和/或所述外圈(2)的至少内表面(2a)设置有等离子体电解氧化涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述金属材料包括铝合金。
3.根据权利要求2所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述铝合金的主要合金元素是铜、锌、或者镁与硅的组合。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,还包括介于所述外圈(2)的内表面(2a)与所述内圈(3)的外表面(3b)之间的自润滑衬套(5)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述自润滑衬套(5)包括填充有玻璃纤维的酚醛树脂基质。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述内圈(3)的外表面(3a)是由铝合金制成的,使所述外表面(3a)涂覆有所述等离子体电解氧化涂层,所述外圈(2)是由铝合金材料制成的、具有未被涂覆的所述内表面(2a)。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的滑动轴承,其特征在于,所述外圈的内表面(2a)是凹入的,所述内圈的外表面(3a)是凸出的。
8.一种制造滑动轴承的方法,包括:
-提供分别包括内表面(2a)和外表面(3a)的外圈(2)和内圈(3),所述内表面(2a)和所述外表面(3a)旨在彼此协作以用于所述外圈(2)与所述内圈(3)的相对运动;
-通过等离子体电解氧化工艺在所述外圈(2)的内表面(2a)上和/或所述内圈(3)的外表面(3a)上形成涂层;以及
-组装所述外圈(2)和所述内圈(3)。
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