CN116290020A - Geotechnical grid three-dimensional net slope protection structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Geotechnical grid three-dimensional net slope protection structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
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- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geotechnical grid three-dimensional net slope protection structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the geotechnical grid three-dimensional net slope protection structure comprises a metal flexible protection net, and the metal flexible protection net is attached to a slope; the geocell layer is paved on the metal flexible protective net and has transverse constraint force and certain rigidity; the filler layer is used as slope covering backfill soil and is backfilled in the geocell layer; the vegetation full-coverage layer is formed by covering plant stems and leaves on the packing layer; the root soil composite system layer is formed by plant root systems which grow in the filler layer and the geocell layer, interweave with the metal flexible protective net and extend and grow towards the inner side of the side slope; the vegetation full-cover layer, the packing layer, the geocell layer, the metal flexible protection net and the root soil composite system layer are mutually matched to form a composite mechanical interlocking system, so that the vegetation full-cover layer has a strong anti-scouring effect, is simple in construction process, high in efficiency and short in construction period, and is fully covered by slope greening.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of road engineering, and relates to a three-dimensional net slope protection structure for a geocell and a construction method thereof.
Background
When constructing highways in hilly and rainy areas, high-filling deep excavation is inevitably needed, so that a large number of exposed slopes are generated, and the safety problems of stability of the highways and ecology of road area environments are quite remarkable. Special soil such as granite residual soil, sandy rock soil and the like is commonly used for roadbed filling to form a embankment side slope, soil particles of the type are loose and have no cohesive force, the nutrient content is low, the water and fertilizer retention performance is poor, and the soil is easy to run off and collapse after being washed by rain. Mainly adopts traditional slope protection measures aiming at the soil slope, and mainly comprises a framework slope protection and an ecological concrete slope protection:
(1) Framework slope protection: generally, materials such as concrete, slurry masonry sheets (blocks) and the like are adopted to form a framework on the slope surface, and the slope stability is improved by utilizing the local fixation and local soil blocking of the slope surface; simultaneously, green protection such as grass planting, plant-growing bags or soil-covering spray seeding is carried out in the middle of the frame; however, because the construction of the skeleton and the plant spray seeding is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the working procedure is complex, the construction period is long, the fertilizer efficiency is poor, the soil in the frame is exposed in a large amount, the plant is difficult to grow after being subjected to rainfall erosion in the early growth stage, the repair effect is difficult to ensure, and erosion and substrate hollowing are easy to cause in the period;
(2) Ecological concrete bank protection: the soil body strength is increased by doping a certain amount of cement, so that the side slope surface is effectively prevented from being eroded by weathering and rainfall erosion; however, the alkali-reducing problem of vegetation concrete protection is difficult to treat, so that the growth vigor of plants is poor, a large amount of water is needed to be supplemented in the early growth stage of the vegetation, the infiltration of the concrete base material is low, and water is finally collected at the lowest part of the concrete, so that the water at the upper part is not supplemented and the water at the lower part is largely soaked, the growth of the plants is affected, the survival rate of large-area plants is low, the later maintenance cost is high, and the protection and repair effects on side slopes are poor; in addition, the method is limited by factors such as side slope height, slope rate and the like, and has low construction efficiency and certain danger.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a three-dimensional net slope protection structure of a geocell and a construction method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of poor ecological restoration effect, weak erosion resistance, high maintenance cost and low comprehensive benefit of the ecological protection of a embankment slope surface filled with sandy soil and residual soil.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: a geocell three-dimensional net slope protection structure, comprising:
a metal flexible protective net which is attached to the slope;
the geotechnical cell layer is paved on the metal flexible protective net and has transverse constraint force and certain rigidity;
the filling layer is used as slope covering backfill soil and is backfilled in the geocell layer;
the vegetation complete cover layer is formed by covering plant stems and leaves on the filler layer;
the root soil composite system layer is formed by plant root systems which grow in the filler layer and the geocell layer, interweave with the metal flexible protective net and extend and grow towards the inner side of the side slope;
wherein:
the vegetation complete cover layer, the filler layer, the geocell layer, the metal flexible protection net and the root soil composite system layer are mutually matched to form a composite mechanical interlocking system.
Further, the filler layer adopts clay, and plant root fiber materials and compound fertilizers are added into the clay.
Further, the three-dimensional net slope protection structure of the geocell further comprises an anchoring ditch arranged at the top of the slope and the bottom of the slope, the tops of the metal flexible protection net and the geocell layer are fixed in the anchoring ditch at the top of the slope, and the bottoms of the metal flexible protection net and the geocell layer are fixed in the anchoring ditch at the bottom of the slope.
Further, the cement concrete layer is fixed on the inner surface of the anchoring ditch embedded with the metal flexible protective net and the geocell layer.
Further, the three-dimensional net slope protection structure of the geocell further comprises a drainage ditch, wherein the drainage ditch is arranged on the side face of the slope, the top of the drainage ditch is communicated with the anchoring ditch at the top of the slope, and the bottom of the drainage ditch is communicated with the anchoring ditch at the bottom of the slope.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the construction method of the geotechnical grid three-dimensional net slope protection structure comprises the following steps:
step S1, cleaning slope protection area slope surfaces required by slopes: cleaning the slope surface of a slope protection area required by the slope, cleaning sundries on the slope surface, which affect the bonding strength of the metal flexible protective net, the geocell and the slope surface, filling the uneven area of the slope surface, reducing the exposure time of the slope body after excavation, and avoiding construction in rainy seasons;
s2, excavating an anchoring ditch and a drainage ditch, and sequentially installing a metal flexible protection net and a geocell layer on the slope of a slope protection area;
s3, selecting grass seeds suitable for growth, proportioning and then sowing the grass seeds in the geocell layer;
and S4, backfilling clay added with plant root system fibers and compound fertilizer to form a filler layer.
Further, the specific operation procedure of step S3 is as follows:
watering the slope surface for a small amount of times, and penetrating the soil of the slope surface by more than 5 cm; selecting grass seeds suitable for growing, sowing the grass seeds in the geocell layer, and controlling the coverage of the grass seeds to be 9-10 kg/m 2 Repeating the sowing for a small amount of times during the sowing;
and S4, doping plant root system fibers and compound fertilizers into backfill, mechanically mixing the mixed backfill, uniformly backfilling the backfill into a geocell layer, controlling the thickness of the backfill covering soil to be 1.5-2 cm, backfilling the backfill in sequence from top to bottom, and pressing a backfill layer formed after backfill to fully attach the backfill layer with the geocell layer and the slope.
Further, the plant root system fiber in the step S4 is obtained by the following method:
selecting a flourishing herbaceous plant, removing weeds around the plant, collecting by a vertical downward digging mode, and taking care of avoiding damaging the root system of the plant; cutting off the upper stem leaves of the plant root system, reserving the plant root system, and air-drying the plant root system for 3-4 hours to obtain plant root system fibers;
the mass ratio of clay, plant root system fibers and compound fertilizer in the backfill soil in the step S4 is 13:6:1;
the grass seeds consist of the plant grass seeds and shrub seeds with developed root systems, and the shrub seeds with developed root systems account for 30-35% of the total amount of the grass plant grass seeds.
Further, in step S2, through finite element numerical simulation, the relationship among the slope, the geocell specification parameter, the vegetation coverage rate and the soil loss amount under different working conditions is determined, and the slope of the slope, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell based on the soil loss amount are obtained gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs By using the slope gradient based on soil loss, grass planting coverage rate in geocell and height h of geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Is used for designing the height h of the geocell under different slope grades gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Grass planting coverage rate in the geocell;
determining the relation among the gradient, the geocell specification parameters, the vegetation coverage and the soil loss under different working conditions through finite element numerical simulation to obtain the gradient, the grass planting coverage and the geocell height h based on the soil loss gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The specific process of the design model of (a) is as follows:
s21, selecting a proper calculation model of soil loss, establishing the calculation model of the soil loss through the existing rainfall infiltration model and finite element software, and determining the height h of the comprehensive geocell through finite element strength folding and subtracting gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The geocell adjustment coefficient calculation model is calculated, and the erosion coefficient of the calculation model considering the soil loss after the geocell = the geocell adjustment coefficient x the original erosion coefficient is calculated to obtain the height h containing the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs A calculation model of soil loss;
step S22, determining boundary conditions, establishing a slope model and a geocell layer model based on the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Performing finite element rainfall simulation on a soil loss calculation model, and respectively changing the gradient, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Obtaining grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and height h of the geocell with different gradients gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The soil loss amount is measured and data fitting is carried out, so that the gradient based on the soil loss amount, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell are obtained gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Is a design model of (a).
Further, in step S22, for a slope with a constant gradient, the soil loss amount-based gradient, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell are used gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Is used for designing the height h of the geocell suitable for the slope gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Grass planting coverage rate in the geocell;
for the soil slope with the height exceeding 15-20 m, grading the slope to form multi-stage slopes, wherein the slope of each stage of slope, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Through the gradient based on soil loss, grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The design model of each grade of slope is determined to obtain the gradient, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell under the minimum soil loss Q of each grade of slope gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs ；
Height h of the comprehensive geocell of step S21 gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The calculation formula of the geocell adjustment coefficient is as follows:
λx Rgs ＝exp(-15.36h gs t gs /s gs )； (1)
wherein λx Rgs Adjusting coefficients for the geocell;
step S22, gradient based on soil loss, grass planting coverage rate in geocell and height h of geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The design model of (2) is:
Q＝-8.05427e -8.58074i +0.62544； (2)
Q＝1.49374h gs -0.39013 ； (4)
Q＝0.62589t gs -024928 ； (5)
Q＝0.31958e -0.06684k +0.00838； (6)
wherein Q is soil loss, i is slope of slope, and k is grass planting coverage rate in geocell.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the problems of poor self-repairing effect, weak durability, low comprehensive benefit, high maintenance cost and the like of ecological protection of a road bank slope filled with sandy soil and residual soil, the embodiment of the invention adopts the soil-cell hilling three-dimensional net grass planting slope protection structure to protect the slope, the composite system formed by the metal flexible protection net, the soil-cell layer and the filler layer has high integral strength and strong anti-scouring effect, the integral structure can reduce the power impact of rainwater and wind on the soil, reduce the water flow speed of the soil surface, avoid water and soil loss, lead the slope soil to obtain permanent reinforcement effect, has better flexibility, durability and anti-scouring property, simple construction procedure, high efficiency and short construction period, realizes the ecological protection of the soil-type road bank slope such as sandy soil, residual soil and the like, and solves the problems of poor self-repairing effect, weak durability, low comprehensive benefit and high maintenance cost of the ecological protection of the road bank slope filled with sandy soil and residual soil;
2. the design method for the specification parameters of the slope geocell is provided, greatly facilitates engineering application and quick construction of grass planting protection of the slope geocell, and has certain scientific research and engineering practical values.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the whole protective structure of the three-dimensional net slope of the geocell.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of a metal flexible protection net of a geocell three-dimensional net slope protection structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic overall side view of a geocell three-dimensional net slope protection structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a vegetation complete cover layer and root soil composite layer of the geocell three-dimensional net slope protection structure.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of geocell specification parameter design for a geocell three-dimensional net slope protection structure.
In the figure: 1. the soil-soil composite system comprises a metal flexible protective net, a soil cell layer, a filler layer, a drainage ditch, an anchoring ditch, an anchor, a slope, a vegetation full-coverage layer and a root soil composite system layer, wherein the metal flexible protective net is arranged in the soil cell layer, the soil cell layer is arranged in the soil cell layer, the filler layer is arranged in the soil cell layer, the drainage ditch is arranged in the soil cell layer, the anchoring ditch is arranged in the soil cell layer, the anchor is arranged in the soil cell layer, the slope is arranged in the soil cell layer, the vegetation full-coverage layer is arranged in the soil cell layer, and the soil cell layer is arranged in the soil cell layer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a three-dimensional net slope protection structure of a geocell, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, comprising:
the metal flexible protective net 1 is attached to the slope surface of the side slope 7;
the geocell layer 2 is paved on the metal flexible protective net 1, and the geocell layer 2 has transverse constraint force and certain rigidity;
the filler layer 3 is used as slope covering backfill soil, and backfilled in the geocell layer 2;
the vegetation full cover layer 8 is formed by covering plant stems and leaves on the filler layer 3;
the root soil composite system layer 9 is formed by plant root systems which grow in the filler layer 3 and the geocell layer 2, interweave with the metal flexible protective net 1 and extend to the inner side of the slope;
wherein:
the vegetation full-cover layer 8, the packing layer 3, the geocell layer 2, the metal flexible protection net 1 and the root soil composite system layer 9 are mutually matched to form a composite mechanical interlocking system, so that the impact of storm in storm can be prevented, the vegetation full-cover layer can withstand high-water-level high-flow impact, and concrete, grout and rubble are replaced to serve as a longer slope protection layer.
The metal flexible protective net 1 is arranged, so that the overall stability of the slope can be ensured, and the net structure can enable the plant root system to be connected with the metal flexible protective net, so that the plant root system and the metal flexible protective net form an overall protective structure, and the overall stress protective effect is better.
In some embodiments, as slope covering backfill, the filler layer 3 adopts clay, and plant root system fiber materials and compound fertilizers are added into the clay, so that the stress performance of soil is effectively improved, the soil is reinforced, the filler layer 3 is prevented from loosening and falling off, and good nutrient substances can be provided for vegetation by the later-stage plant root system fiber degradation, so that the vegetation can grow and develop rapidly.
Before vegetation does not grow and mature, the geocell layer 2 can protect the slope from being corroded by wind and rain, and can firmly keep grass seeds uniformly distributed on the slope from being scattered by blowing and flushing of wind and rain; after the plants grow and mature, the leaves and stems of the plants form a vegetation full-coverage layer 8, the roots and stems of the plants form a root soil composite system layer 9, and the vegetation full-coverage layer 8 can effectively resist rain wash and reduce slope runoff; the root soil composite system layer 9 can absorb part of rainwater, reduce underground runoff and further prevent soil erosion.
In some embodiments, the three-dimensional mesh slope protection structure for earthwork cells further comprises an anchoring trench 5 arranged at the top of the slope and the bottom of the slope, wherein the tops of the metal flexible protection mesh 1 and the earthwork cell layer 2 are fixed in the anchoring trench 5 at the top of the slope, and the bottoms of the metal flexible protection mesh 1 and the earthwork cell layer 2 are fixed in the anchoring trench 5 at the bottom of the slope, so that the metal flexible protection mesh 1 and the earthwork cell layer 2 are integrated with the slope.
In some embodiments, the inner surfaces of the anchoring trenches 5 in which the metal flexible protection network 1 and the geocell layer 2 are buried are fixed with cement concrete layers.
In some embodiments, the three-dimensional net slope protection structure for geocell further comprises a drainage ditch 4, wherein the drainage ditch 4 is arranged on the side surface of the slope, the top of the drainage ditch 4 is communicated with an anchoring ditch 5 at the top of the slope, and the bottom of the drainage ditch 4 is communicated with an anchoring ditch 5 at the bottom of the slope, so that accumulated water at the top of the slope is drained to the bottom of the slope through the drainage ditch 4.
In some embodiments, the metal flexible protection network 1 and the geocell layer 2 are fixed on the slope through the anchor nails 6, so that the slope protection structure and the slope are effectively integrated.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a construction method of a soil engineering cell three-dimensional net grass planting slope protection structure, which comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, cleaning slope protection area slope surfaces required by slopes: cleaning the slope surface of a slope protection area required by the slope, thoroughly cleaning sundries on the slope surface, which can affect the bonding strength of the metal flexible protective net 1, the geocell and the slope surface, mainly cleaning broken stones, garbage, weeds, tree roots, waste residues and other obstacle objects with larger slope surface, filling the uneven area of the slope surface, and keeping the cleaning thickness of the slope surface to be 0.5-0.6 meter, wherein the cleaning construction work adopts a mode of cleaning construction one by one from top to bottom and in a partition jumping section, reduces the exposure time of the slope body after excavation as much as possible, and takes care of avoiding construction in rainy seasons;
step S2, excavating an anchoring ditch 5 and a drainage ditch 4, and sequentially installing a metal flexible protection net 1 and a geocell layer 2 on the slope of a required slope protection area:
as shown in fig. 1, an anchoring ditch 5 with the depth of 25-30 cm and the width of 20-25 cm is respectively excavated at a certain distance (such as 30 cm) outside the slope top and the slope toe, and meanwhile, drainage ditches 4 communicated with the anchoring ditches 5 are excavated at two sides of the slope surface, as shown in fig. 2;
the metal flexible protection net 1 is arranged on the slope, the top end of the metal flexible protection net 1 is fixed in an anchoring ditch 5 at the top of the slope, anchoring is carried out from the slope shoulder to the slope toe in sequence, the anchoring interval is 2.0-3.0 meters, after the slope is paved, the bottom of the metal flexible protection net 1 is fixed in the anchoring ditch 5 at the slope toe, all anchoring points are poured by cement, and the overall stability of the metal flexible protection net 1 and the slope is ensured; paving the geocell grids one by one to a slope protection area required by installing the metal flexible protective net 1, stretching the geocell grids, firstly burying and fixing the upper ends of the geocell grids in an anchoring ditch 5 at the top of the slope, starting from the slope shoulder, anchoring along the slope surface to the bottom of the slope, stretching the geocell grids until the anchoring interval is 2.0-3.0 meters, and keeping the geocell grids flat, tensioned and not wrinkled when paving; after the laying of the geocell grids is completed, burying and fixing the bottom of the geocell grids in the anchoring ditches 5 of the slope feet to form a geocell layer 2; connecting the metal flexible protective net 1 and the geocell layer 2 through holes of the steel wire ropes, and then pressing the geocell grid (by adopting the back of an excavator bucket and the like) to enable the geocell layer 2, the metal flexible protective net 1 and the slope to be tightly attached;
step S3, selecting grass seeds suitable for growth, proportioning and broadcasting the grass seeds in the geocell layer 2 according to a proportion:
watering the slope surface for a small amount of water sprinkling for a plurality of times, penetrating the soil of the slope surface for more than 5cm, and providing proper germination humidity for the subsequent sowing of grass seeds so as to liftThe germination rate of the seeds is high, and the grass seeds can be effectively prevented from rolling and sliding on the dried and loose slope by proper humidity; selecting grass seeds suitable for growth, proportioning and broadcasting the grass seeds in the geocell layer 2 according to a proportion, and controlling the coverage of the grass seeds at 9kg/m 2 About, considering climate influence germination rate, the seeding rate can be properly increased, and the grass seed coverage can be controlled at 10kg/m 2 Repeated sowing is carried out for a small amount of times during sowing, so that the grass seeds are uniformly distributed on the slope surface, and meanwhile, the grass seeds are prevented from sliding along the slope;
step S4, backfilling clay added with plant root system fibers and compound fertilizer to form a filler layer 3:
the clay is selected as slope covering backfill, in order to enable the backfill to have certain reinforcement strength, and meanwhile, plants can grow and develop better, plant root system fibers and compound fertilizers are doped in the backfill, the mixed backfill is mechanically mixed and then is uniformly backfilled into the geocell layer 2, the thickness of the backfill covering soil work cell layer 2 is controlled to be 1.5-2 cm, the backfill is sequentially backfilled from top to bottom, and the backfill layer 3 formed after backfill is pressed, so that the backfill is fully attached to the geocell layer 2 and the slope, and an integral structure with certain strength is formed conveniently.
In some embodiments, the plant root fibers in the backfill are obtained by:
selecting flourishing herbaceous plants (ryegrass, bermudagrass, festuca arundinacea and the like), removing weeds around the plants, collecting the herbaceous plants by a vertical downward digging mode, and taking care of avoiding damaging plant root systems; cutting off the upper stem leaves of the plant root system, reserving the plant root system, and air-drying the plant root system for 3-4 hours to obtain the plant root system fiber.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of clay, plant root system fibers and compound fertilizer in the backfill soil is 13:6:1, and can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
The nutrient substances required by the early growth of grass seeds are mainly provided by compound fertilizers in backfill soil, and the earthwork cell layer 2 resists the rain wash of part. The interaction of the plant root system fibers and the geocell layer 2 provides good anti-scouring performance for both the vegetation in the early growth and development stage and the maturity stage. The backfill soil doped with plant root system fibers has certain tensile strength and good ecological effect, improves the overall stress performance of soil, remarkably increases the cohesive force of the backfill soil, plays the role of natural reinforcement of the backfill soil, effectively prevents loose and smooth sliding of slope soil, enables vegetation to grow and develop smoothly in the initial stage, prevents rainwater from penetrating through leaves of vegetation, and enables the root system of the vegetation to be rooted deeply in the gap between the backfill soil and a geocell layer 2 and a metal flexible protective net 1, thereby forming an integral slope protection structure. The plant root system fiber is degraded in the vegetation growth mature period to provide nutrient substances for vegetation growth, lock moisture and ensure soil fertility, and simultaneously ensure the air flow in soil to promote vegetation growth, so that an effective vegetation full-coverage layer 8 and a root soil composite system layer 9 are formed, as shown in fig. 4.
In some embodiments, the grass seeds are grass seeds, such as ryegrass, bermuda grass, fescue grass seeds, are mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1, and root developed shrub seeds are added in an amount of 30-35% of the total amount of grass seeds.
The effect of the protection structure of the three-dimensional net grass planting slope of the geocell is obviously affected by the specification parameters of the geocell, and is mainly reflected in the cell height h of the geocell gs Cell spacing s gs Cell thickness t gs And the like to the strength performance of the filler layer 3 and the erosion resistance performance of the side slope, therefore, the embodiment describes the specification parameter design of the geocell layer 2, and determines the reinforcement performance of the geocell layer 2 and the filler layer 3.
The soil loss is the amount of soil actually lost in erosion modes such as splash erosion, flake erosion, fine ditch erosion and the like on a small and medium scale test area. In step S2, determining the relation among the gradient, the geocell specification parameters, the vegetation coverage and the soil loss under different working conditions through finite element numerical simulation analysis to obtain the gradient, the grass planting coverage and the geocell height h based on the soil loss gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs By using the gradient based on soil loss, grass planting coverage rate in geocell and height h of geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness of (a)t gs Is used for designing the height h of the geocell under different slope grades gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Grass planting coverage rate in the geocell. As shown in FIG. 5, through finite element numerical simulation, the relationship among the gradient, the geocell specification parameters, the vegetation coverage and the soil loss under different working conditions is determined, and the gradient, the grass planting coverage and the geocell height h based on the soil loss are obtained gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The specific process of the design model of (a) is as follows:
s21, selecting a proper calculation model of soil loss, establishing the calculation model of the soil loss through the existing rainfall infiltration model and finite element software, and determining the height h of the comprehensive geocell through finite element strength folding and subtracting gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The geocell adjustment coefficient calculation model is calculated, and the erosion coefficient of the calculation model considering the soil loss after the geocell = the geocell adjustment coefficient x the original erosion coefficient is calculated to obtain the height h containing the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs A calculation model of soil loss;
step S22, determining boundary conditions, establishing a slope model and a geocell layer 2 model based on the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Performing finite element rainfall simulation on a soil loss calculation model, and respectively changing the gradient, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Obtaining grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and height h of the geocell with different gradients gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The soil loss is shown in tables 1-5, and then data fitting is performed to obtain the gradient based on the soil loss, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Is a design model of (a).
Table 1 numerical simulation geocell specification parameter comparison Condition Table
TABLE 2 Change of soil loss with gradient
| Height h gs /cm | Spacing s gs /cm | Thickness t gs /cm | Gradient of slope | Soil loss amount |
| 10 | 40 | 0.12 | 1:1 | 0.61756 |
| 10 | 40 | 0.12 | 1:1.25 | 0.62173 |
| 10 | 40 | 0.12 | 1:1.5 | 0.59771 |
| 10 | 40 | 0.12 | 1:1.75 | 0.56739 |
Table 3 table of soil loss with geocell spacing
Table 4 table of soil loss as a function of geocell height
| Height h gs /cm | Spacing s gs /cm | Thickness t gs /cm | Gradient of slope | Soil loss amount |
| 10 | 40 | 0.12 | 1:1.5 | 0.60349 |
| 15 | 40 | 0.12 | 1:1.5 | 0.52333 |
| 20 | 40 | 0.12 | 1:1.5 | 0.46065 |
Table 5 table of soil loss as a function of geocell thickness
| Height h gs /cm | Spacing s gs /cm | Thickness t gs /cm | Gradient of slope | Soil loss amount |
| 10 | 40 | 0.05 | 1:1.5 | 0.73837 |
| 10 | 40 | 0.10 | 1:1.5 | 0.63663 |
| 10 | 40 | 0.12 | 1:1.5 | 0.60174 |
| 10 | 40 | 0.15 | 1:1.5 | 0.56105 |
According to table 1, different cell heights, intervals and thicknesses have certain influence on the erosion reduction rate and the soil erosion reduction rate of rainfall for 40min, which means that different cell heights, intervals and thicknesses have influence on soil loss Q, and as can be seen from the table, the higher the height (table 4) of the geocell, the smaller the interval (table 3) and the larger the thickness (table 5) are, the smaller the soil loss is, which accords with the actual situation, and the effect of the geocell layer 2 on slope erosion prevention and soil loss reduction is verified; the data in the table illustrates the slope, grass planting coverage in the geocell and height h of the geocell based on the soil loss fitted in this example gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Is reasonable and reliable.
In some embodiments, the height h of the integrated geocell of step S21 gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The calculation formula of the geocell adjustment coefficient is as follows:
λx Rgs ＝exp(-15.36h gs t gs /s gs )； (1)
wherein λx Rgs And (5) adjusting coefficients for the geocell.
In some embodiments, the slope based on soil loss, soil cell grass planting coverage, and soil cell height h of step S22 gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The design model of (2) is:
Q＝-8.05427e -8.58074i +0.62544； (2)
Q＝1.49374h gs -0.39013 ； (4)
Q＝0.62589t gs -024928 ； (5)
Q＝0.31958e -0.06684k +0.00838； (6)
wherein Q is soil loss, i is slope of slope, and k is grass planting coverage rate in geocell.
In some embodiments, in order to adapt to actual engineering, the design of parameters of the geocell corresponding to different slopes in the actual engineering is facilitated, a formula (2) is provided, and for a slope with a certain slope, the height h of the geocell suitable for the slope i is designed by the formulas (2) to (6) gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs And the grass planting coverage rate k in the geocell, and the influence of the gradient i on the runoff is considered.
In practical construction, the soil slopes are classified according to the slope height, and the soil slopes are more than 15-20 m in height, so that the slopes are classified into a plurality of grades to form a plurality of grades, the slopes are divided into a first grade slope and a second grade slope, the slopes of most grades are gradually reduced from bottom to top, i.e. the second grade slope is smaller than the first grade slope, at this time, the slope of each grade slope and the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Indoor planting of earthwork latticeThe grass coverage rate k can be determined by formulas (2) to (6), and the optimal gradient of each grade of side slope, the grass planting coverage rate k in the geocell and the height h of the geocell under the minimum soil loss Q can be obtained gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs 。
The geocell specification parameters and the slope gradient have certain influence on the slope soil loss. According to the embodiment of the invention, the soil engineering cell and the three-dimensional net grass planting integral structure can achieve ideal waterproof soil flow failure effect, and the composite structure can stably reduce soil loss by more than 90%. The protection effect of the geocell in the early growth stage of plants is important, and the soil loss is reduced faster and faster along with the reduction of the distance between the geocells, but the problems that the filler is difficult to compact and the like exist in the actual construction process, so that the coefficient can be adjusted according to the actual working condition to realize the expected protection effect. In addition, after the slope plants grow and mature, the slope protection mainly depends on plant stems and leaves and plant root systems, the plant root systems and the three-dimensional net integral structure play a role in anchoring the slope body by 40-50 cm, and the integral stability of the slope is improved.
In some embodiments, the most suitable slope is calculated from numerical modeling to be 1:1.50, the most suitable geocell specification parameters under this grade are: the height of the cells is 10cm, the spacing of the cells is 40cm, the thickness of the cells is 0.12cm, and the soil loss of the slope is optimally controlled.
The soil engineering cell three-dimensional net grass planting slope protection structure provided by the embodiment of the invention has a strong anti-scouring effect, the overall structure can reduce the power impact of rainwater and wind on soil, reduce the water flow speed of the soil surface, avoid water and soil loss, and enable the slope soil to be permanently reinforced. The composite system formed by the metal flexible protective net 1, the earthwork cell layer 2, the earth filling layer 3, the vegetation full cover layer 8 and the root soil composite system layer 9 has high integral strength, better flexibility, durability and scouring resistance, simple construction process, high efficiency and short construction period, and realizes the ecological protection of the slope surface of the earth embankment such as sandy soil, residual soil and the like by adopting the construction period, therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a design method for the specification parameters of the earthwork cell of the slope surface, greatly facilitates the engineering application and quick construction of grass planting protection of the earthwork cell of the slope surface, and has a certain scientific research and engineering practical value.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional net domatic protective structure of geotechnique's check room which characterized in that includes:
the metal flexible protective net (1), the metal flexible protective net (1) is attached to the slope;
the geotechnical cell layer (2), the geotechnical cell layer (2) is paved on the metal flexible protective net (1), and the geotechnical cell layer (2) has transverse constraint force;
the filler layer (3), the filler layer (3) is used as slope covering backfill soil, and backfilled in the geocell layer (2);
a vegetation full cover layer (8) formed by covering plant stems and leaves on the filler layer (3);
the root soil composite system layer (9) is formed by plant root systems which grow in the filler layer (3) and the geocell layer (2), interweave with the metal flexible protective net (1) and extend to the inner side of the side slope;
wherein:
the vegetation full-cover layer (8), the packing layer (3), the geocell layer (2), the metal flexible protective net (1) and the root soil composite system layer (9) are mutually matched to form a composite mechanical interlocking system.
2. The three-dimensional net slope protection structure of geocell according to claim 1, wherein the filler layer (3) is clay, and plant root fiber material and compound fertilizer are added into the clay.
3. The three-dimensional net slope protection structure of the geocell according to claim 1, further comprising an anchoring trench (5) arranged at the top and the bottom of the slope, wherein the tops of the metal flexible protection net (1) and the geocell layer (2) are fixed in the anchoring trench (5) at the top of the slope, and the bottoms of the metal flexible protection net (1) and the geocell layer (2) are fixed in the anchoring trench (5) at the bottom of the slope.
4. A three-dimensional net slope protection structure for geocells according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner surface of the anchoring trench (5) embedded with the metal flexible protection net (1) and the geocell layer (2) is fixed with a cement concrete layer.
5. The three-dimensional net slope protection structure of geocell according to claims 1-4, further comprising a drainage ditch (4), wherein the drainage ditch (4) is arranged on the side surface of the slope, the top of the drainage ditch (4) is communicated with an anchoring ditch (5) on the top of the slope, and the bottom of the drainage ditch (4) is communicated with an anchoring ditch (5) on the bottom of the slope.
6. The construction method of the three-dimensional net slope protection structure of the geocell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
step S1, cleaning slope protection area slope surfaces required by slopes: cleaning the slope surface of a slope protection area required by the slope, cleaning sundries on the slope surface, which affect the bonding strength of the metal flexible protective net (1), the geocell and the slope surface, filling the uneven area of the slope surface, reducing the exposure time of the slope body after excavation, and avoiding construction in rainy seasons;
s2, excavating an anchoring ditch (5) and a drainage ditch (4), and sequentially installing a metal flexible protection net (1) and a geocell layer (2) on the slope of a slope protection area;
s3, selecting grass seeds suitable for growth, proportioning and then sowing the grass seeds in the geocell layer (2);
and S4, backfilling clay added with plant root system fibers and compound fertilizer to form a filler layer (3).
7. The construction method of the three-dimensional net slope protection structure for the geocell according to claim 6, wherein the specific operation process of the step S3 is as follows:
watering the slope surface for a small amount of times, and penetrating the soil of the slope surface by more than 5 cm; selecting grass seeds suitable for growing, sowing the grass seeds in the geocell layer (2), and controlling the coverage of the grass seeds to be 9-10 kg/m 2 Repeating the sowing for a small amount of times during the sowing;
and step S4, plant root system fibers and compound fertilizer are doped in backfill soil, the mixed backfill soil is mechanically mixed and then uniformly backfilled into the geocell layer (2), the thickness of the backfill soil covering the geocell layer (2) is controlled to be 1.5-2 cm, the backfill soil is backfilled from top to bottom in sequence, and the backfill soil layer (3) formed after backfill is pressed, so that the backfill soil is fully attached to the geocell layer (2) and the slope.
8. The construction method of the three-dimensional net slope protection structure of the geocell according to claim 7, wherein the plant root system fiber in the step S4 is obtained by the following method:
selecting a flourishing herbaceous plant, removing weeds around the plant, collecting by a vertical downward digging mode, and taking care of avoiding damaging the root system of the plant; cutting off the upper stem leaves of the plant root system, reserving the plant root system, and air-drying the plant root system for 3-4 hours to obtain plant root system fibers;
the mass ratio of clay, plant root system fibers and compound fertilizer in the backfill soil in the step S4 is 13:6:1;
the grass seeds consist of the plant grass seeds and shrub seeds with developed root systems, and the shrub seeds with developed root systems account for 30-35% of the total amount of the grass plant grass seeds.
9. The construction method of the three-dimensional net slope protection structure of the geocell according to claim 6, wherein in the step S2, the relation of the slope, the geocell specification parameter, the vegetation coverage and the soil loss under different working conditions is determined through finite element numerical simulation, and the slope of the slope, the grass planting coverage and the height h of the geocell based on the soil loss are obtained gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs By using a slope based on soil lossSlope, grass planting coverage rate in geocell and height h of geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Is used for designing the height h of the geocell under different slope grades gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Grass planting coverage rate in the geocell;
determining the relation among the gradient, the geocell specification parameters, the vegetation coverage and the soil loss under different working conditions through finite element numerical simulation to obtain the gradient, the grass planting coverage and the geocell height h based on the soil loss gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The specific process of the design model of (a) is as follows:
s21, selecting a proper calculation model of soil loss, establishing the calculation model of the soil loss through the existing rainfall infiltration model and finite element software, and determining the height h of the comprehensive geocell through finite element strength folding and subtracting gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The geocell adjustment coefficient calculation model is calculated, and the erosion coefficient of the calculation model considering the soil loss after the geocell = the geocell adjustment coefficient x the original erosion coefficient is calculated to obtain the height h containing the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs A calculation model of soil loss;
step S22, determining boundary conditions and establishing a slope model and a model of the geocell layer (2) based on the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Performing finite element rainfall simulation on a soil loss calculation model, and respectively changing the gradient, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Obtaining grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and height h of the geocell with different gradients gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The soil loss amount is measured and data fitting is carried out, so that the gradient based on the soil loss amount, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell are obtained gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Is a design model of (a).
10. The construction method of three-dimensional net slope protection structure for geocell according to claim 9, wherein in step S22, for a slope with a certain gradient, the slope based on soil loss, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell are used gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Is used for designing the height h of the geocell suitable for the slope gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Grass planting coverage rate in the geocell;
for the soil slope with the height exceeding 15-20 m, grading the slope to form multi-stage slopes, wherein the slope of each stage of slope, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs Through the gradient based on soil loss, grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and height h of the geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The design model of each grade of slope is determined to obtain the gradient, the grass planting coverage rate in the geocell and the height h of the geocell under the minimum soil loss Q of each grade of slope gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs ；
Height h of the comprehensive geocell of step S21 gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The calculation formula of the geocell adjustment coefficient is as follows:
λx Rgs ＝exp(-15.36h gs t gs /s gs )； (1)
wherein λx Rgs Adjusting coefficients for the geocell;
step S22, gradient based on soil loss, grass planting coverage rate in geocell and height h of geocell gs Spacing s gs Thickness t gs The design model of (2) is:
Q＝1.49374h gs -0.39013 ； (4)
Q＝0.62589t gs -024928 ； (5)
Q＝0.31958e -0.06684k +0.00838； (6)
wherein Q is soil loss, i is slope of slope, and k is grass planting coverage rate in geocell.
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