CN116285440B - 一种复合高熵合金强化有机涂料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种复合高熵合金强化有机涂料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合高熵合金强化有机涂料及其应用，该有机涂料包括玻璃粉、复合高熵合金粉、氧化铝、氧化铬、高岭土和水，其中复合高熵合金粉是将99～99.9wt.％的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和0.1～1.0wt.％的钛粉通过球磨技术融合，使钛粉充分固溶进入AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉形成复合高熵合金粉；然后将有机涂料通过喷涂的方式均匀喷涂在离心风机叶轮基体表面上加热固化形成耐高温耐酸雾腐蚀有机涂层；该有机涂层耐高温氧化、耐腐蚀性能良好，同时有效避免了涂层在较高温度下服役发生的软化现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐高温耐腐蚀性涂层技术领域，尤其涉及一种复合高熵合金强化有机涂料及其应用，具体应用在离心风机叶轮表面。
背景技术
离心风机叶轮在高温环境下长时间连续服役时，在空气中水蒸气的作用下，表面将遭受严重氧化，因离心风机服役气氛通常会包含HCl、NO3等气体，因此形成在酸雾环境，长期在酸雾冲蚀下离心风机叶轮表面的氧化层会迅速脱落，使得芯部基地材质暴露，经久累月，最终致使叶轮边缘尺寸不足而导致失效。
目前，市场上通常采用的是防腐漆或有机涂料来对叶轮表面进行防护，由于这些涂层材料主要由有机物构成，并且采用环氧树脂作为溶剂，环氧树脂的软化温度在80～120℃，因此只能在较低温度下实现稳定防腐蚀；而离心风机的工作环境一般温度为150℃，因此无法实现有效保护。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种复合高熵合金强化有机涂料，该油机涂料可对温度在150℃以上、含HCl、NO3等酸雾环境下的基体进行有效保护。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种复合高熵合金强化有机涂料，包括如下组份的质量百分比：始熔温度为900℃的玻璃粉20～30％，复合高熵合金粉5～10％，氧化铝5～10％，氧化铬10～15％，高岭土2～5％，水30～58％；
其中，复合高熵合金粉包括AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和钛粉，所述AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉的粒度为15～45μm，且成分占比为19％的Al、20％的Fe、21％的Co、21.5％的Cr和18.5％的Ni；所述钛粉的粒度为200～1000nm，且纯度大于99.95％；将99～99.9wt.％的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和0.1～1.0wt.％的钛粉通过球磨技术融合，使钛粉充分固溶进入AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉形成复合高熵合金粉；其中，球磨转速为350～500rpm，球磨时间为30～60h，球磨过程冲入氩气保护气氛。
复合高熵合金粉作为耐高温氧化组元，其中钛粉在AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金中作为反应原子，在含氧高温环境下，首先能够从AlCoCrFeNi晶体内向晶界偏析，然后沿晶界向涂层表面进行扩散迁移，并替代合金中的铝和铬与氧气发生反应，在基体表面生成致密的钝化层，从而形成对基体的抗高温氧化保护。
采用高温玻璃粉替代环氧树脂，作为耐高温软化组元，玻璃粉中含有难熔(700℃左右)釉料，在加热固化时，这些釉料会粘结在涂料中形成一种细密网状结构，而其他组元则分布于细密网状结构中；在实际服役过程中，细密网状结构由于软化温度很高(约600～800℃)，而离心风机叶轮表面的温升在150℃左右，因此，细密网状结构不会发生变化，而其他组元由于毛细效应、张力作用，也始终被禁锢于细密网状结构中，进而实现涂层在高温下也不发生性质恶化；有效避免了涂层在较高温度下服役发生的软化现象。
采用氧化铝和氧化铬作为耐腐蚀组元，氧化铝和氧化铬是耐酸碱腐蚀材料，少量的添加即可实现对酸雾腐蚀的有效防护。
采用高岭土作为粘合剂，可有效将其他组元粘合一起，以实现耐高温氧化耐腐蚀性等性能。
进一步地，按照质量百分比取玻璃粉、复合高熵合金粉、氧化铝、氧化铬、高岭土和水放入离心机中离心搅拌20～40h。
通过离心搅拌可有效将所有组元充分混合。
本发明还提供一种离心风机叶轮基体表面耐高温耐酸雾腐蚀有机涂层，将所述的复合高熵合金强化有机涂料通过喷涂的方式均匀喷涂在离心风机叶轮基体表面上加热固化形成耐高温耐酸雾腐蚀有机涂层；涂层厚度为0.5～2mm。
进一步地，在喷涂前先对离心风机叶轮基体表面做除锈、清洗、烘干和喷砂处理，然后预热至40～70℃。
进一步地，喷涂后静置10～15min再做加热固化处理。
进一步地，所述加热固化的温度为500～700℃，时间在30min以上。
加热固化能够使玻璃粉发生软化并粘结，形成细密的网状结构，这种结构使得涂层能够在在150℃以上、含HCl、NO3等酸雾服役环境下稳定不软化。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种复合高熵合金强化有机涂料，包括如下组份的质量百分比：始熔温度为900℃的玻璃粉20～30％，复合高熵合金粉5～10％，氧化铝5～10％，氧化铬10～15％，高岭土2～5％，水30～58％；将上述组份按照质量百分比放入离心机中离心搅拌20～40h。
其中，所述复合高熵合金粉包括AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和钛粉，所述AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉的粒度为15～45μm，且成分占比为19％的Al、20％的Fe、21％的Co、21.5％的Cr和18.5％的Ni；所述钛粉的粒度为200～1000nm，且纯度大于99.95％；将99～99.9wt.％的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和0.1～1.0wt.％的钛粉通过球磨技术融合，使钛粉充分固溶进入AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉形成复合高熵合金粉；其中，球磨转速为350～500rpm，球磨时间为30～60h，球磨过程冲入氩气保护气氛。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种离心风机叶轮基体表面耐高温耐酸雾腐蚀有机涂层包括如下步骤制备而成：
(1)获取离心风机叶轮基体，所述基体采用Q235钢块，采用1200目以上的砂纸对Q235钢块体表面打磨除锈，使Q235钢块体表面具有一定的粗糙度，便于结合涂层，然后采用超声波清洗，去除Q235钢块体表面的灰尘和油渍；然后对清洗后的Q235钢块体加热烘干，烘干后对硼砂，使基体的表面获得一定的清洁度和不同的粗糙度，增加了表面和涂层之间的附着力，延长了涂层的耐久性。
(2)将喷砂后的离心风机叶轮基体预热至40～70℃，然后将实施例1制备的复合高熵合金强化有机涂料采用喷涂的方式均匀喷涂在离心风机叶轮基体的表面，涂层厚度控制在0.5～2mm范围内。
(3)喷涂完后静置10～15min，然后放入加热炉中，在500～700℃下烘干和固化30min以上。
采用99.8wt.％的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和0.2wt.％的钛粉球磨技术融合的复合高熵合金粉，按照质量百分比玻璃粉26％，复合高熵合金粉8％，氧化铝7％，氧化铬13％，高岭土3％，水43％离心搅拌混合成复合高熵合金强化有机涂料，然后按照实施例2的喷涂方式喷涂在0.5mm和1.2mm的涂层。并对涂层进行粘合力和耐腐蚀性测试，结果如表1所示。
表1粘合力和耐腐蚀性测试结果
通过拔出试验评价涂层的附着力，测试3次取平均值，从附着力可以看出本实施例制备涂层其附着力良好。
耐腐蚀性试验的环境成分10％HCl、8％HNO3、其余为水蒸气；在温度为80℃中测试24h，其失重率较小，证明本实施例涂层的耐腐蚀性良好。
耐高温氧化试验在800℃测试24h，其增重率较小，证明本实施例涂层的耐高温氧化性能良好。
以上所述仅是本发明优选的实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何基于本发明所提供的技术方案和发明构思进行的改造和替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种复合高熵合金强化涂料，其特征在于：由如下质量百分比的组分组成：始熔温度为900℃的玻璃粉20~30%，复合高熵合金粉5~10%，氧化铝5~10%，氧化铬10~15%，高岭土2~5%，水30~58%；
其中，复合高熵合金粉包括AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和钛粉，所述AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉的粒度为15~45μm，且成分占比为19％的Al、20%的Fe、21%的Co、21.5%的Cr和18.5％的Ni；所述钛粉的粒度为200~1000nm，且纯度大于99.95%；将99~99.9wt.%的AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉和0.1~1.0wt.%的钛粉通过球磨技术融合，使钛粉充分固溶进入AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粉形成复合高熵合金粉；其中，球磨转速为350~500rpm，球磨时间为30~60h，球磨过程充入氩气保护气氛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合高熵合金强化涂料，其特征在于：所述涂料的制备方法为按照质量百分比取玻璃粉、复合高熵合金粉、氧化铝、氧化铬、高岭土和水放入离心机中离心搅拌20~40h。
3.一种离心风机叶轮基体表面耐高温耐酸雾腐蚀涂层，其特征在于：将权利要求1或2所述的复合高熵合金强化涂料通过喷涂的方式均匀喷涂在离心风机叶轮基体表面上加热固化形成耐高温耐酸雾腐蚀涂层；涂层厚度为0.5~2mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种离心风机叶轮基体表面耐高温耐酸雾腐蚀涂层，其特征在于：在喷涂前先对离心风机叶轮基体表面做除锈、清洗、烘干和喷砂处理，然后预热至40~70℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种离心风机叶轮基体表面耐高温耐酸雾腐蚀涂层，其特征在于：喷涂后静置10~15min再做加热固化处理。
6.根据权利要求3或5所述的一种离心风机叶轮基体表面耐高温耐酸雾腐蚀涂层，其特征在于：所述加热固化的温度为500~700℃，时间在30min以上。
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