CN116285021A - 一种可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于功能高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶及其制备方法。与碳点通过离子交联得到;所述改性琼脂糖为由一氯乙酸进行醚化反应后得到的琼脂糖,为琼脂糖D‑半乳糖结构单元上的羟基氢定向取代,引入羧甲基基团后得到的琼脂糖;所述碳点为亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到。本发明是具有复合三维网络结构的水凝胶生物材料,该材料具备快速吸液、良好的抗菌性、良好的生物相容性及降解性,可满足水凝胶材料对环境刺激作出控制性响应,具有广阔的市场前景。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于功能高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术:
皮肤是覆盖在人体表面,直接接触外界环境的重要器官。普通皮肤损伤可在一段时间内恢复。然而,在伤口愈合过程中的各种因素都可能导致伤口修复异常,特别是与金黄色葡萄球菌相关的皮肤伤口感染,通常会导致脓肿。
创面敷料可覆盖伤口,为外界感染提供临时屏障,并作为诱导模板,指导皮肤细胞的重组以及随后的宿主组织的浸润和整合,对伤口愈合有显著作用。其中,水凝胶因其良好的亲水性、生物相容性和与原生细胞外基质类似的结构等,成为最具竞争力的伤口敷料候选材料。此外,与不可降解水凝胶相比,可生物降解型水凝胶能降解成安全无毒的小分子,对人体造成的伤害最小,该类型材料更符合医用材料要求。
近年来,结合水凝胶自身的结构、功能优势,将自身高聚物引入特定功能基团,完成水凝胶材料在不同环境介质中的刺激响应。实现水凝胶的功能从单一物理覆盖或单一功能转变为多种功能的组合,并呈现进一步智能化的趋势。专利CN111303453A公开了一种多重敏感型水凝胶聚合物的制备方法和应用,其中的改性琼脂糖是通过碱化反应后加入一氯乙酸制备得到,该羧甲基修饰琼脂糖的制备方法效率低,制备时间长,羧甲基的取代度仅为0.26以上;而且该多重敏感型水凝胶聚合物采用离子交联的方式制备,其应用方向为制备药物保护、药物缓控及靶向传输给药材料,但其作为伤口敷料时的瞬时吸液能力及生物降解性还不能满足现阶段在多种环境差异下的有效应用。
碳点作为新型零维碳基纳米材料,具有良好的生物相容性、水溶性等特点。在碳点表面引入官能团是改变其性质的有效方法,可引入如抗菌性等新的功能,也可使其很容易地与其它化学物质反应。通过合理的分子设计对接,可满足碳点作为抗菌材料对环境刺激做出控制性响应,进一步拓宽碳点材料的应用范围,具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容:
本发明要解决的技术问题是现有的生物材料在瞬时吸液能力及生物降解性上还不能满足现阶段在多种环境差异下的有效应用。
为解决上述问题,本发明通过超声波法制备,显著缩短羧甲基琼脂糖的制备时间及提高羧甲基取代度;在此基础上,采用离子交联的方式与通过亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到的碳点非共价键作用制备,得到了具有复合三维网络结构的水凝胶生物材料,该材料具备快速吸液、良好的抗菌性、良好的生物相容性及降解性,可满足水凝胶材料对环境刺激做出控制性响应,具有广阔的市场前景。
为达到上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现,一种可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶,以改性琼脂糖作为高聚物的基本结构骨架,进一步与碳点通过离子交联得到;所述改性琼脂糖为由一氯乙酸进行醚化反应后得到的琼脂糖,为琼脂糖D-半乳糖结构单元上的羟基氢定向取代,引入羧甲基基团后得到的琼脂糖;所述碳点为亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到。
进一步的,所述改性琼脂糖的制备方法如下:将琼脂糖与异丙醇溶液充分搅拌得悬浮液,向上述悬浮液中加入NaOH溶液,边搅拌边加入一氯乙酸进行醚化反应,升温至50~70℃保持反应0.5~3h,反应结束后用醇沉法析出改性琼脂糖,洗涤、干燥后即得。
进一步的,醚化反应时将反应体系置于超声波清洗器中并用水作振荡介质,调节输出功率为40~100W进行反应。
超声波对非均相反应的促进作用与超声波能产生“空腔效应”有关。这种效应在反应体系中形成了足以引发或加速反应的高能中心,且超声波也有利于反应物的充分混合,促进反应进行,该方法得到的羧甲基琼脂糖,其羧甲基取代度为0.52~0.74。
进一步的,所述琼脂糖与异丙醇溶液的质量体积比为1g:8~12mL;所述NaOH溶液的浓度为12.8~13.8M。
进一步的,所述NaOH溶液加入量为200~300mL/L。
进一步的,所述一氯乙酸按220~280g/L加入进行醚化反应。
上述可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶的制备方法如下:
(1)通过亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到碳点;
(2)将羧甲基琼脂糖溶解于缓冲液或纯水中,再加入步骤(1)得到的碳点,固化交联6~24h,得到水凝胶材料。羧甲基琼脂糖采用离子交联的方式与氨基化碳点非共价键作用,同时,材料之间形成氢键,可作为附加物理交联点,增加分子间作用力,从而固化交联制备得水凝胶材料。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)包括以下步骤:称取亚精胺三盐酸盐于坩埚中,置于马弗炉热解;将固体残渣冷却至室温,溶解,超声、离心、透析3~5天后得到通过亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到的碳点,置于4℃环境下保存待用。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)热解温度为210~300℃。热解温度会影响电位等性能,进而影响材料的杀菌性,该温度是最佳热解温度。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)热解时间为1~5h。热解时间会影响电位等性能,进而影响材料的杀菌性,该时间是最佳热解时间。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)加入碳点的含量为0.05~0.35g/L。
本发明制备的可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶以羧甲基琼脂糖作为高聚物的基本结构骨架,采用离子交联的方式与氨基化碳点非共价键作用固化交联制备得水凝胶材料,具有多孔洞结构,可快速吸收大量脓液组织液,为伤口愈合提供有利环境。另外,本发明水凝胶主要的相互作用是离子对(盐桥形成),氢键和离子-离子排斥,利用总电荷的不平衡由离子和氢键交联补偿,调节水凝胶成胶特征及环境刺激敏感,赋予复合材料兼有温度、pH多重环境响应性能。同时,良好的抗菌性及生物降解性可显著降低伤口感染风险、提高材料安全性及伤口愈合性。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明得到的具有复合三维网络结构的多孔水凝胶生物材料,可快速吸收大量脓液组织液,为伤口愈合提供有利环境。
(2)该水凝胶具有良好的抗菌性及生物降解性可显著降低伤口感染风险、提高材料安全性及伤口愈合性。
(3)该水凝胶主要的相互作用是离子对(盐桥形成),氢键和离子-离子排斥。利用总电荷的不平衡由离子和氢键交联补偿,赋予水凝胶环境刺激敏感性,使其兼具温度、pH多重环境响应性能,可满足水凝胶材料对环境刺激做出控制性响应,满足其在多种环境差异下的有效应用。
(4)本发明在拓宽碳点材料的应用范围的同时提供了一种兼具快速吸液、抗菌、适时的生物降解性进而提高其安全性,并具有环境刺激敏感性的智能化水凝胶,满足其在多种环境差异下的有效应用,可适用于急性伤口和慢性伤口等多种伤口感染。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1、3中改性修饰后羧甲基琼脂糖的红外光谱;实施例2、3中亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到的氨基化碳点的红外光谱图;
图2为本发明实施例1、3中制备的水凝胶生物材料的扫描电镜图;其中(a)为羧甲基琼脂糖冻干凝胶网络结构;(b)为氨基化碳点交联的羧甲基琼脂糖冻干凝胶网络结构,附图2的目的是对比不同制备材料的网络结构,图中字符代表的参数不影响本领域技术人员对本发明的理解;
图3为本发明实施例3可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶pH响应性吸液溶胀曲线图(其中:CA-CDs-L组CDs交联剂含量为0.075g/L;CA-CDs-M组CDs交联剂含量为0.15g/L;CA-CDs-H组CDs交联剂含量为0.3g/L);
图4为本发明实施例3可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶pH响应性凝胶降解曲线图(其中:CA-CDs-L组CDs交联剂含量为0.075g/L;CA-CDs-M组CDs交联剂含量为0.15g/L;CA-CDs-H组CDs交联剂含量为0.3g/L);
图5为本发明实施例3可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶温度响应性凝胶降解曲线图(其中:CA-CDs-L组CDs交联剂含量为0.075g/L;CA-CDs-M组CDs交联剂含量为0.15g/L;CA-CDs-H组CDs交联剂含量为0.3g/L);
图6为本发明实施例1、3中制备的水凝胶生物材料体外抑菌效果透射电镜图;其中A为本发明制备材料对大肠杆菌的抑制作用((a)使用羧甲基琼脂糖凝胶材料,(b)使用氨基化碳点交联的羧甲基琼脂糖凝胶材料;B为本发明制备材料对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用((a)使用羧甲基琼脂糖凝胶材料,(b)使用氨基化碳点交联的羧甲基琼脂糖凝胶材料)。
具体实施方式:
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
在室温条件下将5g琼脂糖悬浮于50mL异丙醇溶液中充分搅拌30min后,向上述悬浮液中加入12.5mL的13.3M NaOH溶液,边搅拌边加入25g一氯乙酸进行30min醚化反应,将反应体系置于超声波清洗器中并用水作振荡介质,调节输出功率,升温至50~70℃保持反应0.5~3h,反应结束后用醇沉法析出改性琼脂糖,洗涤、干燥后得改性羧甲基琼脂糖。通过计算得其羧甲基取代度为0.52~0.74。
实施例2:
称取0.05g亚精胺三盐酸盐于坩埚中,置于马弗炉270℃的条件下热解3h后。将固体残渣冷却至室温,溶解于5mL去离子水中,超声、离心、透析3~5天后将通过亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到的氨基化碳点置于4℃环境下保存待用。
实施例3:
(1)称取0.05g亚精胺三盐酸盐于坩埚中,置于马弗炉270℃的条件下热解3h后。将固体残渣冷却至室温,溶解于5mL去离子水中,超声、离心、透析3~5天后将通过亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到的氨基化碳点置于4℃环境下保存待用。
(2)将实施例1制备得到的羧甲基取代度为0.52~0.74的羧甲基琼脂糖作为原料溶解于超纯水中,采用离子交联的方式与0.05~0.35g/L氨基化碳点非共价键作用,形成物理交联点,固化交联6~24h制备得兼具抗菌性能和环境响应性水凝胶材料。
下面将实施例1~3进行性能实验验证。
实验1:傅里叶变换红外光谱测试及图谱分析
采用傅里叶变换红外光谱测定通过超声波法、经一氯乙酸取代修饰后的羧甲基琼脂糖的化学结构。使用红外光谱仪在4000-500cm-1范围内记录本发明修饰材料的FT-IR光谱。
测定结果如图1(a)所示,修饰后的琼脂糖在1744cm-1波段处出现羧甲基的特征吸收峰,代表其已被成功引入到结构中。
此外,FT-IR光谱清楚地表明,碳点表现出与原始亚精胺三盐酸盐相似的化学结构如图1(b),表明合成碳点保留了多胺的一些特征。
实验2:本发明凝胶表面形貌
取实施例1和3制备的水凝胶切开充分暴露材料的内部结构,将其粘贴于导电银胶布并固定在金属样品支架上,喷金后经扫描电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄观察。
如图2所示,实施例1和3的表面形貌和多孔结构存在差异。与实施例1相比,实施例3的孔隙结构紧密,孔径更小。这是由于羧甲基琼脂糖与氨基化碳点间相互配合形成了网状结构,缩短了羧甲基琼脂糖聚合物链间的距离。水凝胶固有的相互连接的多孔结构加速血液和组织分泌物迅速吸收到水凝胶中。
实验3:可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶pH响应性吸液溶胀曲线图
对实施例3中制备的冻干水凝胶置于pH分别为4、5.6、7.4缓冲溶液中进行溶胀实验。当达到预定时间时,用滤纸去除表层水。溶胀度计算公式如下:溶胀度(%)=(m湿重-m干重)/m干重×100%。
实施例3中制备的水凝胶样品在pH=4.0、pH=5.6、pH=7.4环境下吸液溶胀度随pH的变化呈现显著差异,在酸性条件下高于碱性环境,且在短时间内就可吸收大量水溶液。
在初期,pH影响水凝胶溶胀度的主要原因是亲水性官能团的存在。O的电负性更强,羧基与水分子形成的氢键也就更强,因此羧基的亲水性更强。此外,-NH3 +极性高于-NH2,因此亲水性更强。所以在酸性条件下,水凝胶能吸收大量水一方面是因为凝胶的多孔结构增大了材料的比表面积,从而增加了可供水分子吸附的表面积;更重要的是水凝胶的亲水基与水分子结合,使水分子进入网状内部,更易吸水溶胀。
实验4:可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶pH响应性凝胶降解曲线图
将在室温条件下对实施例3中制备的冻干水凝胶置于pH分别为4、5.6、7.4缓冲溶液中进行降解实验。当达到预定时间时,用滤纸去除表层水。降解度计算公式如下:降解度(%)=(m溶胀湿重-m降解湿重)/m溶胀湿重×100%。
实施例3中制备的水凝胶样品在pH=4.0、pH=5.6、pH=7.4环境下降解度随pH的变化呈现显著的差异,并推测随水凝胶降解碳点也相应释放,更适用于伤口愈合。
当水凝胶于较低pH的酸性条件下时,多数酸基处于质子化状态,相互作用离子对较少。虽然产生大量氢键,但不足以平衡碳点上质子化的氨基阳离子所产生的电荷排斥。且氢键的强度和频率不足以维持水凝胶,从而导致水凝胶不稳定,因此其会随时间的推移而降解。
随pH增大导致游离羧酸基团数增加,虽然增强了与质子化氨基的离子对相互作用进而有助于分子间交联,却小于羧酸二聚体产生的氢键减少量。且酸性官能团和碱性官能团之间离子配对的静电相互作用仍不会产生很多离子对,因此额外的电荷斥力仍占主导,导致水凝胶降解率更大。
实验5:可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶温度响应性凝胶降解曲线图
取上述方法制备得到的冻干水凝胶材料,置于2℃、20℃、37℃条件的缓冲液中。当达到预定时间时,用滤纸去除表层水。降解度计算公式如下:降解度(%)=(m溶胀湿重-m降解湿重)/m溶胀湿重×100%。
实施例3中制备水凝胶样品在2℃、20℃、37℃环境下降解度随介质环境温度的增加而增加,并推测随水凝胶降解碳点也相应释放,更适用于水凝胶在生理温度下的应用。
实验6:本发明水凝胶抑菌性能评价
采用体外模型,吸取浓度为1.0*106CFU/mL的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌悬液置于实施例1和3中,37℃环境下共同孵育后取等量与材料共孵育的细菌悬液与LB营养琼脂混合均匀,待凝固后倒置培养24h。观察大肠杆菌菌、金黄色葡萄球菌菌落生长情况,并拍照记录,观察实验结果。
由图6中透射电子显微镜(TEM)图像可知,与实施例1相比,制备过程加入氨基化碳点作为交联剂制备的实施例3水凝胶材料能够显著破坏菌体的生长,裂解细菌细胞壁,当氨基化碳点浓度达到300ppm时菌体裂解抑制率在90%以上。
构建皮肤创伤小鼠模型,用于评估氨基化碳点交联的水凝胶敷料在抗菌及促伤口愈合中的效果。结果显示,对照其他组别,氨基化碳点交联的羧甲基琼脂糖水凝胶敷料组小鼠创伤皮肤组织感染情况减轻,创口愈合率快,证明制备的水凝胶具有显著的抗感染、抑菌及促伤口愈合作用效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶,其特征在于:以改性琼脂糖作为高聚物的基本结构骨架,与碳点通过离子交联得到;所述改性琼脂糖为由一氯乙酸进行醚化反应后得到D-半乳糖结构单元上的羟基氢定向取代,引入羧甲基基团后得到的琼脂糖;所述碳点为亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到。
2.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶,其特征在于所述改性琼脂糖的制备方法如下:将琼脂糖与异丙醇溶液充分搅拌得悬浮液,向上述悬浮液中加入NaOH溶液,边搅拌边加入一氯乙酸进行醚化反应,升温至50~70℃保持反应0.5~3h,反应结束后用醇沉法析出改性琼脂糖,洗涤、干燥后即得。
3.如权利要求2所述的可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶,其特征在于:醚化反应时将反应体系置于超声波清洗器中并用水作振荡介质,调节输出功率为40~100W进行反应。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶,其特征在于:所述琼脂糖与异丙醇溶液的质量体积比为1g:8~12mL;所述NaOH溶液的浓度为12.8~13.8M,加入量为200~300mL/L。
5.一种制备权利要求1中可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶的方法,其特征在于:所述一氯乙酸按320~480g/L加入进行醚化反应。
6.一种制备权利要求1中可生物降解多重敏感水凝胶的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)通过亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到碳点;
(2)将羧甲基琼脂糖溶解于缓冲液或纯水中,再加入步骤(1)得到的碳点,固化交联6~24h,得到水凝胶材料。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)包括以下步骤:称取亚精胺三盐酸盐于坩埚中,置于马弗炉热解;将固体残渣冷却至室温,溶解,超声、离心、透析3~5天后得到通过亚精胺三盐酸盐在固体状态下热解得到的碳点,置于4℃环境下保存待用。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)热解温度为210~300℃。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)热解时间为1~5h。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)加入碳点的含量为0.05~0.35g/L。
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CN111303453A (zh) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-19 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种多重敏感型水凝胶聚合物的制备方法和应用 |
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CN109609124A (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-12 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 碳量子点水凝胶及其制备方法、用于检测铜离子的方法 |
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