CN113004543B - 一种纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合医用水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合医用水凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113004543B
CN113004543B CN202110218878.2A CN202110218878A CN113004543B CN 113004543 B CN113004543 B CN 113004543B CN 202110218878 A CN202110218878 A CN 202110218878A CN 113004543 B CN113004543 B CN 113004543B
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杨伟军
马丕明
齐国闯
徐非
徐鹏武
东为富
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合医用水凝胶及其制备方法,属于天然高分子材料领域。本发明将纳米木质素与水溶性银盐溶液混合搅拌,制备得到负载Ag的本征抗菌纳米木质素颗粒;随后将其与PVA共混,再利用化学交联剂进行交联,得到纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶。该复合水凝胶具备优异的化学稳定性、粘附性与循环回弹性能,同时赋予PVA水凝胶本征抗菌、抗氧化属性,抗菌效率几乎达到100%,抗氧化效率提升90%以上。本发明制备的复合水凝胶具有工艺简单、成本低、有效期长、环境友好等特点,可作为生物医用材料用于伤口辅料、药物缓释、软组织修复等领域。

Description

一种纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合医用水凝胶及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于天然高分子材料领域,涉及一种纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合医用水凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
水凝胶是一类高度含水的具有三维聚合物网络交联结构的溶胀体,可以通过物理交联或化学交联方法制备得到。由于水凝胶结构与生物体组织结构相似,具有良好的生物相容性,广泛应用于生物医学、组织工程、污水处理、生物传感等领域。
聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种水溶性高分子材料,具有优良的吸水溶胀性、生物相容性,对人体无毒无害,因而在生物医学领域中具有广阔的应用前景。PVA水凝胶可通过物理、化学、辐照等方式制备得到,物理交联通常是指利用聚乙烯醇分子内与分子间的羟基极易形成氢键的特点,使聚乙烯醇水溶液在反复冷冻-解冻后凝胶化形成水凝胶,但反复冷冻-解冻的方法存在耗时耗能、力学强度低等缺点。同时,PVA水凝胶本身无任何生物活性,在溶胀状态下弹性差、粘附性弱等不足限制了其单独用作伤口敷料。
木质素是已知储量最丰富的生物基高分子材料,是21世纪人类可利用的最丰富的绿色资源。木质素成本低、无毒无害、可生物降解,纳米尺度的木质纤维素由于其小尺寸效应,在同等质量下拥有比大尺度木质素更显著的力学增强与生物活性增效作用。但纳米木质素的抗菌性能较弱,不足以支撑其作为高抗菌材料使用。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的首要目的在于提供了一种具有高抗菌抗氧化生物活性的聚乙烯醇医用水凝胶。本发明的另一目的在于通过化学交联法制备有良好回弹性和粘附性的纳米木质纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶的方法。
本发明的目的通过下述方案实现:
一种纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将纳米木质素与水溶性银盐溶液混合搅拌,制备得到负载Ag的本征抗菌纳米木质素颗粒;随后将其与PVA共混,再利用化学交联剂进行交联,得到纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述水溶性银盐溶液的浓度为0.01-1mol/L,搅拌时间为0.5-5h;所述的水溶性银盐溶液优选硝酸银溶液。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述纳米木质素与水溶性银盐溶液中银的质量比为10:1-100:1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述PVA和负载Ag的本征抗菌纳米木质素质量比为10:1-100:1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述水凝胶中PVA的质量浓度为1-20%,优选2-5%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述负载Ag的纳米木质素与PVA混合制成均匀水溶液,温度为50-100℃,优选70-95℃,搅拌时间为0.5-10h,所述搅拌的速率优选为200-800rpm。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述化学交联剂为羧酸或醛类交联剂,优先选用戊二醛作为交联剂,所述交联剂浓度为0.01-1mol/L,用量为0.01-100mL。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述的将复合水凝胶在水中浸泡12-120h,除去残余交联剂,得到PVA复合水凝胶。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,本发明中所用PVA为本领域公知的重均分子量不限定,优选地,其醇解度为80%以上,分子量在10000以上。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,本发明中未指明温度的均指室温,所述室温均为5~35℃。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,本发明的所用的纳米木质素为碱木质素、木质素磺酸盐、硫酸盐木质素、有机溶剂型木质素中的一种,其原料来源于生物质资源,具有环境友好性和生物可降解性。
本发明的机理为:纳米木质素的螯合作用与静电吸附作用促进其对Ag+的吸附,提升了纳米木质素的抗菌能力,同时纳米木质素有强抗氧化(自由基捕捉)功能;通过化学交联作用,使PVA与PVA分子链之间发生了化学交联;在添加负载Ag的纳米木质素以后,纳米木质素与聚乙烯醇之间既可以通过氢键作用产生物理交联作用,又可以通过化学交联产生化学交联作用;同时,纳米木质素作为增强材料可提高水凝胶材料的力学强度;通过上述机理成功制备一种纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶。
本发明还提供了上述制备方法制备得到的纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶。
本发明还提供了包含上述纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶的医用辅料、药物缓释剂、软组织修复材料。
本发明还提供了上述纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶在生物医学、组织工程、污水处理、生物传感等领域中的应用。
本发明相比于现有技术,具有如下优点和有益效果:
本发明的制备过程简单、快速、环保。传统的冷冻-解冻方法需要反复的进行冷冻和解冻过程,既浪费时间又损耗能量,本发明避免了传统反复冷冻-解冻方法的耗时耗能的弊端。
本发明制备的复合水凝胶具备优异的化学稳定性、粘附性与循环回弹性能,同时赋予PVA水凝胶本征抗菌、抗氧化属性,抗菌效率几乎达到100%,抗氧化效率提升90%以上。将水凝胶用作伤口辅料,与生物体组织具有良好的生物相容性、无毒副作用,7天后老鼠表皮伤口愈合程度超过95%以上。
附图说明
图1中显示的是实施例3中纳米木质素与负载Ag的纳米木质素透射电镜图。
图2为实施案例3与对比样的水凝胶用于小鼠伤口愈合的对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
纳米木质素的制备方法参见文献ACS Sustainable Chem.Eng.2018,6,3502-3514,其中,选择HCl调节pH至2.5。
对比样
将1.0g的PVA在90℃下溶解于20mL去离子水中,冷却至65℃后向溶液逐渐滴加0.06mmol戊二醛作为交联剂,10分钟后形成凝胶;将PVA水凝胶在水中浸泡120h,去除残余交联剂,得到PVA水凝胶。
实施例1
将1.0g的PVA在90℃下溶解于20mL去离子水中,冷却至65℃后向溶液加入1.0mL的纳米木质素(型号为碱木质素(Sigma,CAS号8068-05-1))/水分散液(0.02g/mL),充分搅拌,超声处理10分钟;将充分溶解的混合溶液倒入模具,室温下自然降温后冷冻12h,解冻2h,重复3个循环,得到PVA/纳米木质素复合水凝胶。
实施例2
将1.0g的PVA在90℃下溶解于20mL去离子水中,冷却至65℃后向溶液加入1.0mL的纳米木质素(型号为碱木质素(Sigma,CAS号8068-05-1))/水分散液(0.02g/mL),充分搅拌,超声处理10分钟;随后逐渐滴加0.06mmol戊二醛作为交联剂,10分钟后形成凝胶;将PVA水凝胶在水中浸泡120h,去除残余交联剂,得到PVA/纳米木质素复合水凝胶。
实施例3
将100mL纳米木质素(型号为碱木质素(Sigma,CAS号8068-05-1))/水分散液(0.005g/mL)与1.0mL的AgNO3水溶液(0.05g/mL)混合搅拌1小时,无需还原剂,随后通过透析制备得到负载Ag的本征抗菌纳米木质素/水分散液(0.02g/mL)。图1为纳米木质素与负载Ag的纳米木质素素的透射电镜图,从图中可以看出,纳米木质素为堆积的球形状态,其粒径约为40nm,负载Ag的纳米木质素粒径并没有明显改变,但从图中可以看出粒径更小的Ag颗粒,其粒径小于5nm,说明Ag离子成功负载在纳米木质素表面。
将1.0g的PVA在90℃下溶解于20mL去离子水中,冷却至65℃后向溶液加入1.0mL的负载Ag纳米木质素/水分散液(0.02g/mL),充分搅拌,超声处理10分钟;随后逐渐滴加0.06mmol戊二醛(0.01mol/L,6mL)作为交联剂,10分钟后形成凝胶;将PVA复合水凝胶在水中浸泡120h,去除残余交联剂,得到PVA/纳米木质素复合水凝胶。
实施例4
将100mL纳米木质素(碱木质素(TCI,L0082))/水分散液(0.005g/mL)与1.0mL的AgNO3水溶液(0.05g/mL)混合搅拌1小时,无需还原剂,随后通过透析制备得到负载Ag的本征抗菌纳米木质素/水分散液(0.02g/mL)。
将1.0g的PVA在90℃下溶解于20mL去离子水中,冷却至65℃后向溶液加入1.0mL的负载Ag纳米木质素/水分散液(0.02g/mL),充分搅拌,超声处理10分钟;随后逐渐滴加0.06mmol戊二醛(0.03mol/L,2.0mL)作为交联剂,10分钟后形成凝胶;将PVA复合水凝胶在水中浸泡120h,去除残余交联剂,得到PVA/纳米木质素复合水凝胶。
实施例5
将10mL纳米木质素(木质素磺酸纳(TCI,L0098))/水分散液(0.05g/mL)与1.0mL的AgNO3水溶液(0.005g/mL)混合搅拌1小时,无需还原剂,随后通过透析制备得到负载Ag的本征抗菌纳米木质素/水分散液(0.02g/mL)。
将1.0g的PVA在90℃下溶解于50mL去离子水中,冷却至65℃后向溶液加入0.5mL的负载Ag纳米木质素/水分散液(0.02g/mL),充分搅拌,超声处理10分钟;随后逐渐滴加0.06mmol戊二醛(0.1mol/L,0.6mL)作为交联剂,10分钟后形成凝胶;将PVA复合水凝胶在水中浸泡120h,去除残余交联剂,得到PVA/纳米木质素复合水凝胶。
实施例6
将10mL纳米木质素(有机溶剂型木质素)/水分散液(0.05g/mL)与1.0mL的AgNO3水溶液(0.005g/mL)混合搅拌1小时,无需还原剂,随后通过透析制备得到负载Ag的本征抗菌纳米木质素/水分散液(0.02g/mL)。
将1.0g的PVA在90℃下溶解于20mL去离子水中,冷却至65℃后向溶液加入5.0mL的负载Ag纳米木质素/水分散液(0.02g/mL),充分搅拌,超声处理10分钟;随后逐渐滴加0.06mmol戊二醛(0.3mol/L,0.2mL)作为交联剂,10分钟后形成凝胶;将PVA复合水凝胶在水中浸泡120h,去除残余交联剂,得到PVA/纳米木质素复合水凝胶。
对对比样和实施例1~6得到水凝胶进行性能测试,其中,压缩强度与回弹率采用英斯特朗万能力学试验机测试,力学传感器为100kN,速度为1mm min-1,压缩程度90%;抗氧化采用二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH)方式进行测试;杀菌率采用圆盘扩散法分别对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌进行活性检测;伤口愈合度的测试方法:将材料附着于小鼠伤口表面,观察7天后的伤口愈合情况,并通过H&E(Hematoxylin and Eosin)进行染色切片后,对伤口进行显微镜观察。结果见表1。
图2是实施案例3与对比样的水凝胶用于小鼠伤口愈合的对比图,从图上可以看出,纯的PVA水凝胶用于小鼠伤口敷料,其伤口7天后的伤口开口依然很大,愈合程度较低;而添加了负载Ag的纳米木质素后,PVA复合水凝胶可很好的修复小鼠表皮伤口,愈合程度可达到95%以上(燕尾箭头),且大量新毛囊已经开始长出(粗箭头)。
表1性能对比数据
Figure BDA0002953611300000051
从上表的数据可以看出,添加了纳米木质素后,无论利用物理交联还是化学交联,得到的水凝胶各方面性能要优于纯PVA水凝胶;同时,利用化学交联法,将负载Ag的纳米木质素添加到PVA时,复合水凝胶的强度、回弹率、抗氧化、杀菌率明显改善,小鼠的愈合程度也达到95%以上,这是由于纳米木质素本身具有一定的抗菌活性和强抗氧化活性,负载Ag后,其抗菌活性得到显著提升,有助于伤口的愈合;同时,在交联体系内部,纳米木质素与聚乙烯醇之间既可以通过氢键作用产生物理交联作用,又可以通过化学交联产生化学交联作用,所以水凝胶材料的力学强度和回弹性得到提高。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合医用水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将纳米木质素与水溶性银盐溶液混合搅拌,制备得到负载Ag的本征抗菌纳米木质素颗粒;随后将其与PVA共混,再利用化学交联剂进行交联,得到纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶;
所述水溶性银盐溶液的浓度为0.01-1 mol/L;
所述纳米木质素与水溶性银盐溶液中银的质量比为10:1-100:1;
所述PVA和负载Ag的本征抗菌纳米木质素质量比为10:1-100:1;
所述水凝胶中PVA的质量浓度为1-20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化学交联剂为羧酸或醛类交联剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,将纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶在水中浸泡12-120 h以去除残余交联剂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,将纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶在水中浸泡12-120 h以去除残余交联剂。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶。
6.包含权利要求5所述的纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶的医用辅料、药物缓释剂、软组织修复材料。
7.权利要求5所述的纳米木质素/聚乙烯醇复合抗菌抗氧化医用水凝胶在制备生物医学材料、制备组织工程材料、污水处理、生物传感领域中的应用。
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