CN116270927A - 一种蒙药及其提取物在治疗阿尔茨海默病中的新应用 - Google Patents
一种蒙药及其提取物在治疗阿尔茨海默病中的新应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及蒙药额尔敦‑乌日勒及其提取物在阿尔茨海默病中的新用途。本发明通过对Aβ1‑40寡聚体诱导的阿尔茨海默症大鼠模型(AD大鼠)施用蒙药额尔敦乌日勒及其提取物,通过Morris水迷宫进行过学习记忆能力检测实验、酶联免疫法Aβ含量测定实验和Tunel染色法大鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡观察证明,蒙药额尔敦乌日勒及其提取物能显著提高AD大鼠学习记忆能力,能显著减少Aβ含量,对海马内神经细胞也有保护作用。因此,蒙药额尔敦‑乌日勒及其提取物在临床上可用于治疗阿尔茨海默病,改善学习记忆能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物在阿尔茨海默病中的新用途。
背景技术
阿尔茨海默氏病(Alzheimer´s disease, AD)是最常见的,多发于65岁以上老人的一类痴呆。AD一般从轻微的认知能力和近期记忆能力减退开始,早中期通常伴随的症状有容易混淆,语言出现障碍,言语变少,情感变冷淡,判断能力变差,急躁不安,出现幻觉,常常找不到回家的路,重复做同一件事等;重度期会出现失禁,无节制,记忆严重丧失而不能认清亲人,生活不能自理及出现其他并发症,如癫痫、帕金森病、肌肉紧张度增加、肌阵挛等;最终由于营养失调、感染等并发症导致死亡。
AD患者不仅自己生活质量大大下降,承受巨大的痛苦,给家庭也带来巨大的经济负担,使亲人身心疲惫,给社会也造成巨大的压力,已成为威胁全球公共卫生最大问题之一,研发有效诊疗AD的药物是当下特别迫切的事。越来越多的研究发现治疗AD需要对全身,包括代谢、肠道微生物、生物钟、线粒体及相关炎症、血管等进行全面调节。
最近的报道,2019年全球痴呆患者有5.5千万,发病率逐年增加,预计2050年将达到1.39亿,均超出了前几年预计的数量。在美国AD已成为第六大死亡原因,而且中等家庭每年花去收入的64%来照料AD患者。在我国,2011年65岁以上老人占全国人口9.1%;而在2016年上升到10.8%。可见我国老龄人越来越多,AD患者数量也在逐步上升。目前获美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)批准的AD治疗药物只有五种,而且这些药对AD只有改善症状、延缓病情的功效,至今没有治愈AD的药物和方法。研究开发能够预防的治疗作用的药物仍然势在必行。
而传统蒙药是有天然动植物处方组成,把人体视为一个整体进行调理,去除病根,提高机体免疫能力,疗效好而越来越受到重视。同时,蒙医理论上,是把人体看成整体,根据每一位患者的情况来给药,主药结合配伍药等等。这其实也相似与现代医学所谈“精准治疗”。
虽然多种蒙药作用机理和靶点不明确,仍然对各类疑难杂症及慢性疾病起着不可取代的作用,尤其对治疗老年人的多种疾病,提高老年人生活质量非常适合。然而,需要明确其多种有效成分及其靶点真正发挥其作用,满足社会及更多患者的需求。
已有悠久历史的蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒由石膏、丁香、诃子、麝香、牛黄、珍珠(制)、水牛角浓缩粉等29种处方组成,在临床上应用非常广泛,安全可靠,疗效显著。关于额尔敦-乌日勒的研究较多,但主要为额尔敦-乌日勒对动脉粥样硬化的作用、大鼠或家兔脑缺血再灌注损伤及脑组织神经营养因子的作用、对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用、缺血性卒中(萨病)恢复期的临床疗效及动物实验、对脑梗死的作用、对神经再生相关基因表达调控研究等以及其它方面。
在蒙医理论体系中针对AD目前没有明确的临床诊断方法、专属病名及专门治疗方案。但在蒙医理论中,AD属于白脉病,即神经系统疾病范畴。蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒含有多种天然有效活性小分子成分,多靶点起作用,不仅对脑梗,动脉硬化,脑卒中等脑血管系统疾病均有很好的疗效,而且对神经系统疾病也疗效显著,符合治疗AD需求,有望在治疗AD方面,提供一个新的思路。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物在治疗阿尔茨海默病中的新医药用途。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种蒙药在治疗阿尔兹海默症中的应用,所述蒙药由以下重量份的成分组成:制珍珠25,牛黄6,制水牛角6,栀子6,肉桂6,决明子6,苘麻子6,麝香3,檀香3,沉香3,木香各3,红花3.5,丁香3.5,川楝子3.5,香旱芹(或白苣胜子)3.5,黑种草子3.5,荜菝3.5,螃蟹3.5,甘草4,紫檀4,枫香脂4,地锦草4,海金沙4,肉豆蔻6,竹黄2.6,草果1.5,豆蔻1,土木香2,诃子8.5。
一种蒙药在治疗Aβ1-40诱导的认知障碍中的应用,所述蒙药由以下重量份的成分组成:制珍珠25,牛黄6,制水牛角6,栀子6,肉桂6,决明子6,苘麻子6,麝香3,檀香3,沉香3,木香各3,红花3.5,丁香3.5,川楝子3.5,香旱芹(或白苣胜子)3.5,黑种草子3.5,荜菝3.5,螃蟹3.5,甘草4,紫檀4,枫香脂4,地锦草4,海金沙4,肉豆蔻6,竹黄2.6,草果1.5,豆蔻1,土木香2,诃子8.5。
一种蒙药提取物的制备方法,所述蒙药由以下重量份的成分组成:制珍珠25,牛黄6,制水牛角6,栀子6,肉桂6,决明子6,苘麻子6,麝香3,檀香3,沉香3,木香各3,红花3.5,丁香3.5,川楝子3.5,香旱芹(或白苣胜子)3.5,黑种草子3.5,荜菝3.5,螃蟹3.5,甘草4,紫檀4,枫香脂4,地锦草4,海金沙4,肉豆蔻6,竹黄2.6,草果1.5,豆蔻1,土木香2,诃子8.5。
所述蒙药提取物的制备步骤如下:
模拟唾液的制备:
2.38g Na2HPO4 ,0.19g KH2PO4 , 8g NaCl 和0.91g a-淀粉酶(含量为220U/ml)溶于1升水中形成模拟唾液,用稀盐酸调节溶液为pH=6.75;
模拟胃液的制备:
0.32% 胃蛋白酶溶于0.3mol/L的NaCl,用HCL调节溶液pH=1.2;
模拟肠液的制备:
0.05g胰蛋白酶和0.3g牛胆盐溶于35ml的NaHCO3(摩尔浓度为0.1mol/L);
口腔消化过程:
准确称取10g所述蒙药样品置于100ml的烧杯中并加入30ml模拟唾液,用均质机搅拌使所述蒙药样品充分破碎均质后放入空气浴震荡摇床,37℃震荡10min,震荡频率为100r/min;
胃肠消化过程:
取出空气浴震荡摇床中的所述蒙药样品,用稀盐酸调节溶液体系至pH=1.5,后加入30ml模拟胃液,置于40℃空气浴震荡摇床中振摇60min,震荡频率为100r/min,反应结束后取5ml的样液,于100℃的水浴锅中加热灭酶10min,经过模拟胃部消化的样液用0.1mol/L的NaHCO3调节使溶液体系的pH=6,加入30ml胆汁胰酶的复合液,再分别加入5ml、1mol/L的NaCl和5mL、1mol/L的KCl,置于37℃水浴震荡120min,模拟肠道消化,于100℃的水浴锅中加热灭酶10min,-20℃保存备用;
肠道吸收过程:
从上述过程得到的样液取20ml转移到透析袋中,并将透析袋置于装有50ml磷酸缓冲液的烧杯中,37℃水浴震荡4h,将所述缓冲液转移到离心管中;
得到的消化产物进行冷冻干燥,制备出蒙药提取物。
在以上提取物的技术方案中还可增加以下技术特征进行限定:
优选地,得到消化产物后先在培养皿里-20℃或-80℃完全冷冻干燥。
一种蒙药提取物在治疗阿尔兹海默症中的应用,蒙药提取物根据上述步骤取得。
一种蒙药提取物在Aβ1-40诱导的认知障碍中的应用,蒙药提取物根据上述步骤取得。
本发明通过对Aβ1-40寡聚体诱导的阿尔茨海默症大鼠模型(AD大鼠)施用蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物,通过Morris水迷宫实验过、Aβ含量测定实验和大鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡观察证明,蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物能显著提高AD大鼠学习记忆能力,能显著减少Aβ含量,对海马内神经细胞也有保护作用,因此蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物在临床上可用于治疗阿尔茨海默病。
附图说明
图1示出了Morris水迷宫实验大鼠第7天寻找隐藏平台的逃逸潜伏期的对比分析图,图中数据表示为X±S(n=6),额:额尔敦-乌日勒组(0.62mg/kg/d)、提:额尔敦-乌日勒提取物组(0.124 mg/kg/d)、阳:多奈哌齐(1 mg/kg/d);正:正常组、假:假手术组、模:模型组,按同等剂量灌胃生理盐水。模型组与正常组相比有差异,***p< 0.001;3个给药组与模型组相比都有差异,***p< 0.001。
图2示出了Morris水迷宫实验大鼠撤平台穿越次数的对比分析图,图中数据表示为X±S(n=6)。额:额尔敦-乌日勒组(0.62mg/kg/d)、提:额尔敦-乌日勒提取物组(0.124mg/kg/d)、阳:多奈哌齐(1 mg/kg/d);正:正常组、假:假手术组、模:模型组,按同等剂量灌胃生理盐水。模型组与正常组相比有差异,**p< 0.01;额尔敦-乌日勒给药组和多奈哌齐给药组与模型组相比有差异,*p < 0.05。
图3示出了各组水迷宫轨迹路线图,图中额尔敦-乌日勒组(0.62mg/kg/d)、额尔敦-乌日勒提取物组(0.124 mg/kg/d)、阳性对照组(多奈哌齐,1 mg/kg/d);正常组、假手术组、模型组,按同等剂量灌胃生理盐水。模型组与正常组和假手术组比大鼠寻找平台的轨迹图距离更长,给药组与模型组相比轨迹图距离接近正常组大鼠距离。
图4示出了神经细胞凋亡荧光显微镜观察照片。数据表示为X±S(n = 3)。额:额尔敦-乌日勒组(0.62mg/kg/d)、提:额尔敦-乌日勒提取物组(0.124 mg/kg/d)、阳:多奈哌齐(1 mg/kg/d);正:正常组、假:假手术组、模:模型组,按同等剂量灌胃生理盐水。TUNEL阳性细胞以绿色荧光(即灰色照片中的白色点)表示。对照组切片偶见TUNEL 阳性细胞,模型组阳性细胞多;给药组与模型组相比,TUNEL染色阳性细胞少。
图5示出了大鼠CA1区神经细胞凋亡率对比图。数据表示为X±S(n = 3)。额:额尔敦-乌日勒组(0.62mg/kg/d)、提:额尔敦-乌日勒提取物组(0.124 mg/kg/d)、阳:多奈哌齐(1 mg/kg/d);正:正常组、假:假手术组、模:模型组,按同等剂量灌胃生理盐水。模型组与正常组跟假手术组相比有差异,**p < 0.01、*** p < 0.001;3个给药组与模型组相比都有差异,*p < 0.0 5、**p < 0.01。
图6出示了Aβ1-40含量测定标准曲线图,标准曲线方程式:y=(-2.511050868+39.04290635x)/(1+3.369753662x-3.037912914x2)。
图7示出了各组Aβ1-40含量测定对比分析图。数据表示为X±S(n=6)。额:额尔敦-乌日勒组(0.62mg/kg/d)、提:额尔敦-乌日勒提取物组(0.124 mg/kg/d)、阳:多奈哌齐(1 mg/kg/d);正:正常组、假:假手术组、模:模型组,按同等剂量灌胃生理盐水。模型组与假手术组相比有差异,**p< 0.01;额尔敦-乌日勒、额尔敦-乌日勒提取物组与模型组相比有差异,*p< 0.05、**p< 0.01。
实施方式
下面通过对本发明较佳实施方式的描述,详细说明但不限制本发明。
一、实验材料
1、供试品:蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒(内蒙古国际蒙医医院国家蒙药制剂中心提供,批号:20210211)。处方组成:珍珠(制)25g,牛黄、水牛角(制)、栀子、肉桂、决明子、苘麻子各6g,麝香、檀香、沉香、木香各3g,红花、丁香、川楝子、香旱芹(或白苣胜子)、黑种草子、荜菝、螃蟹各3.5g,甘草、紫檀、枫香脂、地锦草、海金沙各4g,肉豆蔻6g,竹黄2.6g,草果1.5g,豆蔻1g,土木香2g,诃子8.5g。制法:以上29味药物,除珍珠(制)、牛黄、水牛角、麝香等4味药物另研细末外,其余25味药物共研细末,加珍珠(制)、牛黄、水牛角、麝香粉末,混匀,制成水丸,朱砂为衣。规格:每10丸重2g。
2、造模药:β-Amyloid1-40(MCE,145027)。
3、阳性组灌胃药品:多奈哌齐(卫材药业有限公司,2105056)。
4、试剂:
水合氯醛(天津市大茂化学试剂厂,20210810);
二甲苯(天津市致远化学试剂有限公司,20201101);
4%多聚甲醛(北京白鲨易生物科技有限公司,21348860);
石蜡(徕卡,39601006);
Proteinase K(蛋白酶 K)(碧云天,ST533)1×PBST(索莱宝,P1031);
TUNEL试剂盒(碧云天,C1088);
Aβ1-40 ELISA试剂盒(CUSABIO,CSB-E08302r);
DAPI溶液(索莱宝,C0060);
免疫染色洗涤液(碧云天,P0106);
抗荧光衰减封片剂(索莱宝,S2100)。
5、仪器
表1实验仪器清单
二、实验动物
SD品系雄性大鼠36只,17-18周龄,SPF级,购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司(实验动物生产许可证∶SCXK(京)2019-0010)。
给药途径、方法、剂量、频率和用药期限的确定:
给药途径:口服
给药方式:灌胃
给药体积:2ml/kg
给药剂量:阳性对照组(多奈哌齐,1 mg/kg/d)、蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒组(额尔敦-乌日勒0.62mg/kg/d),蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒提取物组(额尔敦-乌日勒提取物0.124 mg/kg/d),正常组、假手术组、Aβ1-40模型组按同等剂量灌胃生理盐水。
三、数据处理与分析
采用SPSS11. 00ne-Way ANOVA (单因素方差分析)对数据进行方差分析后,采用t检验进行组间比较。
(一)制备蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒经过体外模拟消化系统的消化产物-额尔敦-乌日勒提取物
蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒提取物的制备步骤如下:
模拟唾液的制备:
2.38g Na2HPO4 ,0.19g KH2PO4 , 8g NaCl 和0.91g a-淀粉酶(含量为220U/ml)溶于1升水中形成模拟唾液,用稀盐酸调节溶液为pH=6.75。
模拟胃液的制备:
0.32% 胃蛋白酶溶于0.3mol/L的NaCl,用HCL调节溶液pH=1.2。
模拟肠液的制备:
0.05g胰蛋白酶和0.3g牛胆盐溶于35ml的NaHCO3(0.1mol/L)。
口腔消化过程:
准确称取10g样品置于100ml的烧杯中并加入30ml模拟唾液,用均质机搅拌使样品充分破碎均质后放入空气浴震荡摇床,37℃震荡10min,震荡频率为100r/min。
胃肠消化过程:取出空气浴震荡摇床中的样品,用稀盐酸调节溶液体系至pH=1.5,后加入30ml模拟胃液,置于40℃空气浴震荡摇床中振摇60min,震荡频率为100r/min。反应结束后取5ml的样液,于100℃的水浴锅中加热灭酶10min,经过模拟胃部消化的样液用0.1mol/L的NaHCO3调节使溶液体系的pH=6,加入30ml胆汁胰酶的复合液,再分别加入5ml、1mol/L的NaCl和5mL、1mol/L的KCl,置于37℃水浴震荡120min,模拟肠道消化,于100℃的水浴锅中加热灭酶10min,-20℃保存备用。
肠道吸收过程:从上述过程得到的样液取20ml转移到透析袋中,并将透析袋置于装有50ml磷酸缓冲液的烧杯中,37℃水浴震荡4h。将PB缓冲液转移到离心管中。得到的消化产物进行冷冻干燥(先在培养皿里-20℃或-80℃完全冷冻),制备出蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒提取物。
(二)蒙药额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物在治疗阿尔茨海默病中的新应用的实验验证
1、AD大鼠模型的制作
将SD大鼠麻醉后继而固定于脑立体定位仪上。按照大鼠脑立体定位图谱,以前囟为零起点,前囟后3.5 mm处为穿刺点,中线右侧开2mm,而后牙科钻钻开颅骨,采用微量注射器自脑表面垂直进针3mm,即:(AP= -3.5 mm, ML=2.0 mm, DV=3.0 mm),双侧海马CA1区各缓慢匀速注射Aβ1-40 10 µg (1µL),留针5 min,退针后用骨蜡封口,然后在缝合伤口碘伏消毒。
术后大鼠休养7天,所有大鼠连续21天灌胃给药,期间从第15天开始进行Morris水迷宫实验测试大鼠认知缺陷。水迷宫实验之后,禁食12h,第2天按额尔敦-乌日勒组(0.54g/kg/d),额尔敦-乌日勒提取物组(0.108g/kg/d)给药,其他组剂量不变。给药后60min腹主动脉取血,取脑。
2、Morris水迷宫实验测试额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物对AD大鼠学习记忆的影响
进行Morris水迷宫测试以计算AD小鼠的空间学习和记忆能力。水迷宫由一个圆形水池组成,并附有相机和计算机分析系统以记录大鼠的运动。分为4个象限(1、2、3和4)并在(4)象限设立平台,水池以23±1℃的黑色墨水填充至比平台高约1㎝以防止老鼠看到平台。在每次实验中,大鼠找到平台所需的时间被定为逃避潜伏期。实验连续8天,分为两部分,第一部分是定位航线实验,隐藏平台任务每天执行4次,连续7天。就是让大鼠面对墙壁进入水池,每天更换入口点,但整个实验测试期间平台的位置是固定的,大鼠找到平台后停留5s,否则继续记录潜伏期,测试在120秒后自动终止,两次测试时间间隔为30分钟。第8天,平台被拆除进行空间探索实验,让大鼠在池中自由游泳120s,记录穿过原平台位置的次数。
进行Morris水迷宫测试以计算AD小鼠的空间学习和记忆能力。水迷宫由一个圆形水池(直径 150 厘米,高 40 厘米)组成,并附有相机和计算机分析系统以记录大鼠的运动。
象限设置:将水面和水桶分成均等的(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ) 4个象限,并在Morris水池的上缘,四个象限内等距离地设置4个标记点作为大鼠进水池的入水点,。
平台设置:黑色平台藏于水面下1cm,将墨水倒入水池,使其不透明,以防止老鼠看到平台,整个测试期间平台固定置于Ⅳ象限。平台可任意地设置于某一象限的中间。
水温:水温保持在23±1℃。
大鼠投放顺序:每只大鼠每天训练4次。大鼠第一天按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ象限4个入水点分别放入水池(头朝池壁轻轻地放入)。第二天时按Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ的入水点。第三天时按Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅰ的入水点。第四天时按Ⅲ、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ的入水点。第五天时按Ⅳ、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的入水点。第六天按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ象限的入水点。第七天按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ象限入水点放入水池。第八天空间探索试验时,投入点为平台所在象限的对侧Ⅱ象限。
实验分为定位航行试验和空间探索试验两个部分。
(1) 定位航行试验(place navigation)试验共历时7天,每天定于固定时间段(blocks)训练4次,两次训练间隔为30min。训练开始时,将平台置于Ⅳ象限,从池壁四个起始点的任一点将大鼠面向池壁放入水池。记录大鼠找到平台的时间(逃避潜伏期,escapelatency),4次训练将大鼠分别从四个不同的起始点(不同象限)放入水中。大鼠爬上站台后,在站台上站立够5 s,才算找到平台,否则继续记录时间,测试在120s后自动终止q。大鼠找到平台后或120秒内找不到平台(潜伏期记为120秒),则由实验者将其拿上平台,在平台上站立15秒使大鼠体会到在平台上的感觉,认识到平台所在的空间位置。每日以大鼠四次训练潜伏期的平均值做为大鼠当日的学习成绩。
(2) 空间探索试验(spatial probe)定位航行试验 最后一次训练结束后的第二天,将平台撤除,开始120s的空间探索训练。将大鼠由原先平台象限的对侧(Ⅱ象限)放入水中,所有大鼠为同一入水点。记录大鼠在120s内进入目标象限(原先放置平台的Ⅳ象限)的次数,以此作为空间记忆的检测指标。
结果显示,AD 大鼠(模型组)到达平台所需的时间(逃避潜伏期)比对照组和给药组长,在第7天效果最为显着。而最后一天移除平台后给药组大鼠在平台区域穿越次数比模型组多,额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物起效作用明显。如图3所示的水迷宫轨迹图可知,可以更直观的看出与正常组和假手术组比模型组大鼠寻找平台的轨迹图距离更长,与模型组相比给药组轨迹图距离接近正常组大鼠距离,表明AD大鼠(模型组)比对照组有显著的空间学习和记忆障碍,而额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物改善了认知障碍。
表2各组潜伏期对比分析
分组 | 剂量(mg/kg) | 第1天(潜伏期s) | 第7天(潜伏期s) |
正常组 | 生理盐水 | 49.72±15.28 | 3.56±0.70 |
假手术组 | 生理盐水 | 40.81±8.08 | 8.08±1.84 |
模型组 | 生理盐水 | 65.82±21.85 | 19.46±3.55*** |
额尔敦-乌日勒 | 0.62 | 78.94±27.03 | 3.92±0.86*** |
额尔敦-乌日勒提取物 | 0.124 | 80.93±20.90 | 6.99±1.50*** |
阳性组 | 1 | 65.16±12.89 | 6.26±2.40*** |
模型组与正常组比有差异***P<0.001,给药组与模型组比有差异***P<0.001。数据表示为:平均值±标准偏差X±S(n=6)。
表3各组穿越次数对比分析
组别 | 剂量(mg/kg) | 撤平台(穿越次数) |
正常组 | 生理盐水 | 3.50±0.50 |
假手术组 | 生理盐水 | 1.50±0.50 |
模型组 | 生理盐水 | 1.83±0.69** |
额尔敦-乌日勒 | 0.62 | 3.50±1.50* |
额尔敦-乌日勒提取物 | 0.124 | 3.83±2.11 |
阳性组 | 1 | 3.17±0.69* |
模型组与正常组比有差异**P<0.01, 给药组与模型组比有差异* P< 0.05。数据表示为:平均值±标准偏差X±S(n=6)。
3、切片包埋及TUNEL染色
将大鼠脑组织组织视交叉后 1mm 及 5mm 处冠状切面切开,取中间脑组织放入4%多聚甲醛固定,4℃过夜,常规梯度乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明、浸蜡、包 埋,在海马齿状回连续冠状切片(厚 5μm),并烘干。大脑海马组织石蜡切片经二甲苯脱蜡2次,梯度乙醇浸泡,滴加20μg/ml不含DNase的蛋白酶K,37℃孵育20 min,PBS缓冲液洗涤3次。在切片上加50μlTUNEL检测液,37℃避光孵育60分钟。PBS缓冲液洗涤3次,加DAPI,室温避光孵育10min;PBS缓冲液洗涤3次,用抗荧光淬灭剂封片,倒置荧光显微镜观察并拍照。
神经元凋亡率=TUNEL阳性细胞数/DAPI阳性细胞数×100%。
切片步骤:
将固定于4%多聚甲醛24h以上的脑组织从固定液取出在通风橱内用手术刀将大鼠脑组织组织视交叉后 1mm 及 5mm 处冠状切面切开找到海马体放于脱水盒内,做好标记。
1、脱水:将脱水盒放进吊篮里于脱水机内依次梯度酒精进行脱水。
4%多聚甲醛 1h |
75%酒精1h |
85%酒精 1h |
90%酒精1h |
95%酒精1h |
无水乙醇I 1h |
无水乙醇II 1h |
醇苯(无水乙醇:二甲苯=1:1) 1h |
二甲苯I 30min |
二甲苯II 30min |
蜡I 1h |
蜡II 1h |
总计时= 11h |
2、包埋:取出后将融化的蜡放入包埋框,待蜡凝固之前将脱完水的脑组织样本从脱水盒内取出放入包埋框并贴上对应的标签。于-20°冻台冷却,蜡凝固后将蜡块从包埋框中取出并修整蜡块。(冷却时间不宜过久蜡块儿会有裂痕)
3、切片:将修整好的蜡块置于石蜡切片机上切片,片厚5μm。切片漂浮于摊片机40℃温水上将组织展平,用载玻片将组织捞起,并放进60℃烘箱内烤片,烘干。(摊片的时候水温40度左右,水温太低展不开,太高组织会裂开,等组织摊开展的平整再放到载玻片上,不能有褶皱和气泡,有褶皱一般是水温不够)
染色步骤
1、石蜡切片脱蜡至水:依次将切片放入二甲苯10分钟;换用新鲜的二甲苯,再脱蜡10分钟;无水乙醇5分钟;90%乙醇2分钟;70%乙醇2分钟;蒸馏水2分钟。
2、滴加20μg/ml不含DNase的蛋白酶K(碧云天的ST533 蛋白酶K(20mg/ml),用P0106 免疫染色洗涤液稀释1000倍即为20μg/ml不含DNase的蛋白酶K),37℃作用20分钟。
3、 PBS洗涤3次。注意:这一步必须把蛋白酶K洗涤干净,否则会严重干扰后续的标记反应。
4、配置TUNEL反应液:TdT酶跟荧光标记液按照每张切片5:45的比例混匀,TUNEL反应液终体积为50ul每张切片。TUNEL反应液现用现配,一次性使用,不能冻存。
5、每张切片滴加50ulTUNEL反应液,37℃避光孵育60分钟。
6、PBS洗涤3次。
7、DAPI按照1:1000用PBS稀释后,每张滴加100µl室温避光10min。
8、PBS洗3次。
9、倒置荧光显微镜下观察并拍照记录用ImageJ软件计数海马CA1区神经元凋亡率。
神经元凋亡率=TUNEL阳性细胞数/DAPI阳性细胞数×100%。
为了评估额尔敦-乌日勒对海马神经元凋亡细胞的神经保护作用,使用TUNEL荧光染色试剂盒检测了海马体细胞凋亡情况。如图4所示,荧光强度检测结果显示,TUNEL 阳性细胞以绿色荧光表示。对照组切片偶见TUNEL 阳性(绿色荧光)细胞,模型组阳性细胞明显多;给药组与模型组相比,TUNEL染色阳性细胞明显少。模型组跟对照组对比神经细胞凋亡率高,给药组跟模型组相比神经元凋亡率显著下降(图5)。额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物显著逆转了神经细胞凋亡,对Aβ1-40致认知缺陷大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡具有改善作用。
酶联免疫吸附测定
按ELISA试剂盒操作说明测量血清中 Aβ1-40含量。分别设标准品孔、待测样本孔,每孔分别加标准品或待测样本100µl,37℃温育2小时。之后每孔依次加生物素标记抗体工作液。洗板3次。辣根过氧化物酶标记亲和素工作液100µl,37℃温育1小时,洗板5次。依序每孔加底物溶液90µl,37℃避光显色20分钟后加终止溶液50µl,终止反应。在反应终止后用酶标仪在450nm波长依序测量各孔的光密度(OD值)。
如图7所示,与假手术组相比模型组大鼠血清种Aβ1-40含量高,具有显著差异,给药组与模型组相比Aβ1-40含量显著减低,额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物显着降低了Aβ1-40含量。
综上所述,结合水迷宫、TUNEL荧光染色实验和Aβ1-40含量测定,研究结果证明,Aβ1-40诱导的模型大鼠造模成功,额尔敦-乌日勒及其提取物有助于减轻Aβ1-40诱导的认知障碍,在临床上可用于治疗阿尔茨海默病。
Claims (6)
1.一种蒙药在治疗阿尔兹海默症中的应用,其特征在于:所述蒙药由以下重量份的成分组成:制珍珠25,牛黄6,制水牛角6,栀子6,肉桂6,决明子6,苘麻子6,麝香3,檀香3,沉香3,木香各3,红花3.5,丁香3.5,川楝子3.5,香旱芹或白苣胜子3.5,黑种草子3.5,荜菝3.5,螃蟹3.5,甘草4,紫檀4,枫香脂4,地锦草4,海金沙4,肉豆蔻6,竹黄2.6,草果1.5,豆蔻1,土木香2,诃子8.5。
2.一种蒙药在治疗Aβ1-40诱导的认知障碍中的应用,其特征在于:所述蒙药由以下重量份的成分组成:制珍珠25,牛黄6,制水牛角6,栀子6,肉桂6,决明子6,苘麻子6,麝香3,檀香3,沉香3,木香各3,红花3.5,丁香3.5,川楝子3.5,香旱芹(或白苣胜子)3.5,黑种草子3.5,荜菝3.5,螃蟹3.5,甘草4,紫檀4,枫香脂4,地锦草4,海金沙4,肉豆蔻6,竹黄2.6,草果1.5,豆蔻1,土木香2,诃子8.5。
3.一种蒙药提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述蒙药由以下重量份的成分组成:制珍珠25,牛黄6,制水牛角6,栀子6,肉桂6,决明子6,苘麻子6,麝香3,檀香3,沉香3,木香各3,红花3.5,丁香3.5,川楝子3.5,香旱芹或白苣胜子3.5,黑种草子3.5,荜菝3.5,螃蟹3.5,甘草4,紫檀4,枫香脂4,地锦草4,海金沙4,肉豆蔻6,竹黄2.6,草果1.5,豆蔻1,土木香2,诃子8.5;
所述蒙药提取物的制备步骤如下:
步骤一模拟唾液的制备:
2.38g Na2HPO4 ,0.19g KH2PO4 , 8g NaCl 和0.91g a-淀粉酶,溶于1升水中形成模拟唾液,用稀盐酸调节溶液为pH=6.75,其中a-淀粉酶的含量为220U/ml,;
步骤二模拟胃液的制备:
浓度为0.32% 胃蛋白酶溶于0.3mol/L的NaCl,用HCL调节溶液pH=1.2;
步骤三模拟肠液的制备:
0.05g胰蛋白酶和0.3g牛胆盐溶于35ml的NaHCO3,NaHCO3的摩尔浓度为0.1mol/L;
步骤四口腔消化过程:
准确称取10g所述蒙药样品置于100ml的烧杯中并加入30ml模拟唾液,混匀搅拌使所述蒙药样品充分搅拌后放入空气浴震荡摇床,37℃震荡10min,震荡频率为100r/min;
步骤五胃肠消化过程:
取出空气浴震荡摇床中的所述蒙药样品,用稀盐酸调节溶液体系至pH=1.5,后加入30ml模拟胃液,置于40℃空气浴震荡摇床中振摇60min,震荡频率为100r/min,反应结束后取5ml的样液,于100℃的水浴锅中加热灭酶10min,经过模拟胃部消化的样液用0.1mol/L的NaHCO3调节使溶液体系的pH=6,加入30ml胆汁胰酶的复合液,再分别加入5ml、1mol/L的NaCl和5mL、1mol/L的KCl,置于37℃水浴震荡120min,模拟肠道消化,于100℃的水浴锅中加热灭酶10min,-20℃保存备用;
步骤六肠道吸收过程:
从上述过程得到的样液取20ml转移到透析袋中,并将透析袋置于装有50ml磷酸缓冲液的烧杯中,37℃水浴震荡4h,将所述缓冲液转移到离心管中;
得到的消化产物进行冷冻干燥,制备出蒙药提取物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:得到消化产物后先在培养皿里-20℃或-80℃完全冷冻干燥。
5.一种蒙药提取物在治疗阿尔兹海默症中的应用,其特征在于:所述蒙药提取物根据权利要求3所述的步骤取得。
6.一种蒙药提取物在Aβ1-40诱导的认知障碍中的应用,其特征在于:所述蒙药提取物根据权利要求3所述的步骤取得。
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