CN116253831B - 一种吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明属于吸附分离材料技术领域。本发明的目的是为了解决现有用于间苯三酚吸附分离的分子印迹材料形貌不规则、功能单体分布不均、对间苯三酚的特异性、选择性结合较差以及现有方法制备步骤繁琐、耗时长的技术问题。本发明具体方法是将间苯三酚与配体进行预组装;然后加入引发剂、交联剂进行聚合反应;洗脱间苯三酚后真空干燥得分子印迹材料。本发明构建一类负载适配间苯三酚物理空穴的分子印迹材料,对间苯三酚的吸附容量达到81.4mg/g,且对竞争性吸附质共存体系表现出高的间苯三酚选择性(相对选择因子>2)。对间苯三酚吸附分离有重要应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于吸附分离材料技术领域,具体涉及一种吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
间苯三酚是一种重要的精细化学品,主要用作药物合成的中间体、染料偶合剂、合成橡胶稳定剂、轮胎增粘剂等。合成间苯三酚的工艺路线较多,目前已报道的间苯三酚合成方法主要为三硝基甲苯法、异丙苯法、六氯苯法、苯胺法,虽原料来源便宜、生产工艺比较完善,但存在原料安全隐患、毒性,后处理困难、三废排放大等问题。2005年,间苯三酚的生物全合成首次报道(Achkar J,Xian M,Zhao H,et al.J.Ame.Chem.Soc.,2005,127:5332),通过直接在大肠杆菌表达来自荧光假单胞菌的聚酮合酶基因ph1D,所构建的工程菌株间苯三酚的产量达到了780mg/L。近年来,通过对间苯三酚合成途径的理性设计并增加宿主对间苯三酚的耐受性,间苯三酚的产量以达到5.3g/L(Zhang R,Cao Y,Liu W,et al.Microb.CellFact,2017,16:227)。生物法原料绿色安全、过程安全性好、三废低,在取代石化基间苯三酚方面显示出良好的前景。但在复杂生物发酵体系,通常共存菌体、蛋白、盐、酸等,而间苯三酚水溶性高(11.17g/L,室温),因此实现间苯三酚的高效、选择性分离,是一件亟待解决的问题。
分子印迹技术利用模板分子和功能单体在一定条件下发生反应,制得具有特异性识别能力聚合物的新型仿生技术。该技术具有高亲和性、高选择性、高稳定性等优点,目前已应用于酚类化合物的分离过程中。目前已报道的酚类化合物的分子印迹材料通常采用悬浮聚合制备而成,但该方法尚存在制备步骤繁琐、所得产物形貌不规则以及功能单体分布不均的问题。此外,现有技术通常采用的配体多为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸类,利用羧基与酚羟基产生的氢键进行结合,所得分子印迹聚合物对于间苯三酚的特异性结合较弱,缺乏特异性配体的设计。从而导致目前尚未有间苯三酚吸附分离的分子印迹材料报道,因此,如何实现对间苯三酚的高效、特异性、选择性分离,是一项亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有用于间苯三酚吸附分离的分子印迹材料形貌不规则、功能单体分布不均、对间苯三酚的特异性、选择性结合较差以及现有方法制备步骤繁琐、耗时长的技术问题,而提供吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明利用理性设计筛选系列与间苯三酚具有良好亲和力的配体,通过配体与间苯三酚预组装、聚合、洗脱间苯三酚,构建一类负载适配间苯三酚物理空穴的分子印迹材料,对间苯三酚吸附分离有重要应用价值。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的制备方法,所述方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将间苯三酚作为吸附质和配体加入到溶剂A与溶剂B的混合液中,一定条件下进行预组装;
步骤2:向预组装产物中加入引发剂和交联剂,在氮气气氛下,于一定条件下进行聚合反应;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后固液分离,洗脱所得固体中的间苯三酚后,真空干燥,得到吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤1中所述配体为含氮烯烃类化合物。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤1中所述含氮烯烃类化合物为N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、N,N-二甲基氨基乙酯(DHAM)、N-乙烯基咪唑(VIM)、N-甲基丙烯胺(NMAM)或4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤1中所述配体与吸附质的摩尔比为(3~6):1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤1中所述溶剂A为甲苯、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲亚砜。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤1中所述溶剂A体积与吸附质的质量之比为(30~50)mL:1g。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤1中所述溶剂B为乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、水或乙二醇。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤1中所述溶剂B与溶剂A的体积比为(0.25~1):1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤1中所述预组装条件:温度为15~30℃,时间为1~6h。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤2中所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)、偶氮二异丁庚腈(MSDS)、偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐、过氧化苯甲酰中的一种或几种按任意比的混合物。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤2中所述引发剂与吸附质的质量比为(0.005~0.03):1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤2中所述交联剂为乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯或N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤2中所述交联剂与吸附质的质量比为(0.5~5):1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤2中所述聚合条件:温度为40~80℃,时间为2~24h。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤3中所述洗脱的洗脱液为甲醇、乙酸、水、乙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰、乙腈中的一种或几种按任意比混合物。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤3中真空干燥温度为60℃,时间为6~12h。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种按照上述方法获得的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种按照上述方法获得的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料在吸附间苯三酚中的应用。
本发明的目的之四在于提供一种按照上述方法获得的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料在针对间苯三酚/2-甲氧基对苯二酚共存体系中选择性吸附间苯三酚的应用。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,相对选择因子>2。
本发明与现有技术相比具有的显著效果:
本发明针对间苯三酚水溶性强、稳定性差,常规物理吸附、化学吸附作用难以有效富集并分离的难题,提出了一种特异性间苯三酚亲和配体为单体,经自由基聚合反应制备分子印迹材料的方法,用于间苯三酚的吸附分离,具有如下优势:
(1)本发明以具有氮、氧等氢键受体的材料作为配体,利用其与间苯三酚的酚羟基产生的静电作用、氢键等相互作用力,与间苯三酚进行预组装;在交联剂、引发剂作用下,发生自由基聚合反应,生成具有空间网状结构的聚合物,经洗脱间苯三酚后,暴露出既与间苯三酚物理尺寸匹配,又能够与三个酚羟基产生相互作用力的空腔,从而实现了特异性结合间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的构建。
(2)本发明的分子印迹材料对间苯三酚的吸附容量达到81.4mg/g,是商业材料的1.79倍,且对2-甲氧基对苯二酚的共存吸附体系下表现出高的间苯三酚选择性(相对选择因子>2)。
(3)本发明采用溶液聚合方法,聚合反应是直接在制孔剂中发生,具备简单可行、产生的印迹聚合物形貌规则、功能单体分布均匀等优势,此外,模板分子的洗脱效果也较高,制备更高效。
附图说明
图1为实施例4的分子印迹材料PG-MIP-4与对比例的非印迹材料PG-NIP-4的红外表征结果;
图2为不同材料对间苯三酚吸附容量对比图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明均为常规方法。所用材料、试剂、方法和仪器,未经特殊说明,均为本领域常规材料、试剂、方法和仪器,本领域技术人员均可通过商业渠道获得。
下述实施例中所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或其任何其它变形,意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如,包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素,而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。
当量、浓度、或者其它值或参数以范围、优选范围、或一系列上限优选值和下限优选值限定的范围表示时,这应当被理解为具体公开了由任何范围上限或优选值与任何范围下限或优选值的任一配对所形成的所有范围,而不论该范围是否单独公开了。例如,当公开了范围“1至5”时,所描述的范围应被解释为包括范围“1至4”、“1至3”、“1至2”、“1至2和4至5”、“1至3和5”等。当数值范围在本文中被描述时,除非另外说明,否则该范围意图包括其端值和在该范围内的所有整数和分数。在本申请说明书和权利要求书中,范围限定可以组合和/或互换,如果没有另外说明这些范围包括其间所含有的所有子范围。
本发明要素或组分前的不定冠词“一种”和“一个”对要素或组分的数量要求(即出现次数)无限制性。因此“一个”或“一种”应被解读为包括一个或至少一个,并且单数形式的要素或组分也包括复数形式,除非所述数量明显只指单数形式。
实施例1:
本实施例的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将间苯三酚(0.5g,4mmol)与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(1.77mL,16mmol),加入甲苯(20mL)和乙腈(10mL)的混合溶液中,在室温25℃下预组装2h;
步骤2:向预组装产物中加入AIBN(8.2mg)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(1.5mL),反应装置于液氮冷却下,抽真空至反应装置真空度为≤0.025mbar,充入氮气,继续抽真空,重复三次操作后置换为氮气环境,在65℃进行聚合反应12h;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后通过抽滤进行固液分离,所得固体用甲醇和乙酸混合溶液(甲醇:乙酸/v:v=9:1)进行洗涤,直到在紫外分光光度计下检测不到洗涤液中的间苯三酚PG;随后用去离子水洗涤以中和,然后用甲醇洗涤,最后置于恒温干燥箱中于60℃进行干燥,得PG-MIP-1。
实施例2:
本实施例的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将间苯三酚(0.5g,4mmol)与丙烯酰胺(1.14g,16mmol),加入甲苯(20mL)和乙腈(10mL)的混合溶液中,在室温25℃下预组装2h;
步骤2:向预组装产物中加入AIBN(8.2mg)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(1.5mL),反应装置于液氮冷却下,抽真空至反应装置真空度为≤0.025mbar,充入氮气,继续抽真空,重复三次操作后置换为氮气环境,在65℃进行聚合反应12h;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后通过抽滤进行固液分离,所得固体用甲醇和乙酸混合溶液(甲醇:乙酸/v:v=9:1)进行洗涤,直到在紫外分光光度计下检测不到洗涤液中的PG;随后用去离子水洗涤以中和,然后用甲醇洗涤,最后置于恒温干燥箱中于60℃对材料进行干燥,得PG-MIP-2。
实施例3:
本实施例的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将间苯三酚(0.5g,4mmol)与N,N-二甲基氨基乙酯(2.70mL,16mmol),加入甲苯(20mL)和乙腈(10mL)的混合溶液中,在室温25℃下预组装2h;
步骤2:向预组装产物中加入AIBN(8.2mg)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(1.5mL),反应装置于液氮冷却下,抽真空至反应装置真空度为≤0.025mbar,充入氮气,继续抽真空,重复三次操作后置换为氮气环境,在65℃进行聚合反应12h;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后通过抽滤进行固液分离,所得固体用甲醇和乙酸混合溶液(甲醇:乙酸/v:v=9:1)进行洗涤,直到在紫外分光光度计下检测不到洗涤液中的PG;随后用去离子水洗涤以中和,然后用甲醇洗涤,最后置于恒温干燥箱中于60℃对材料进行干燥,得PG-MIP-3。
实施例4:
本实施例的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将间苯三酚(0.5g,4mmol)与N-乙烯基咪唑(1.45mL,16mmol),加入甲苯(20mL)和乙腈(10mL)的混合溶液中,在室温25℃下预组装2h;
步骤2:向预组装产物中加入AIBN(8.2mg)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(1.5mL),反应装置于液氮冷却下,抽真空至反应装置真空度为≤0.025mbar,充入氮气,继续抽真空,重复三次操作后置换为氮气环境,在65℃进行聚合反应12h;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后通过抽滤进行固液分离,所得固体用甲醇和乙酸混合溶液(甲醇:乙酸/v:v=9:1)进行洗涤,直到在紫外分光光度计下检测不到洗涤液中的PG;随后用去离子水洗涤以中和,然后用甲醇洗涤,最后置于恒温干燥箱中于60℃对材料进行干燥,得PG-MIP-4。
对比例1:
本对比例的非印迹材料的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将N-乙烯基咪唑(1.45mL,16mmol),加入甲苯(20mL)和乙腈(10mL)的混合溶液中,在室温25℃下预组装2h;
步骤2:加入AIBN(8.2mg)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(1.5mL),溶于上述混合物中,反应装置于液氮冷却下,抽真空至反应装置真空度为≤0.025mbar,充入氮气,继续抽真空,重复三次操作后置换为氮气环境,在65℃进行聚合反应12h;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后通过抽滤进行固液分离,所得固体用甲醇和乙酸混合溶液(甲醇:乙酸/v:v=9:1)进行洗涤,直到在紫外分光光度计下检测不到洗涤液中的PG;随后用去离子水洗涤以中和,然后用甲醇多次洗涤,最后置于恒温干燥箱中于60℃对材料进行干燥,得PG-NIP-4。
图1为实施例4所得分子印迹材料PG-MIP-4,对比实施例的非印迹材料PG-NIP-4的红外表征结果。
实施例5:
本实施例的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将间苯三酚(0.5g,4mmol)与N-甲基丙烯胺(1.53mL,16mmol),加入甲苯(20mL)和乙腈(10mL)的混合溶液中,在室温25℃下预组装2h;
步骤2:向预组装产物中加入AIBN(8.2mg)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(1.5mL),反应装置于液氮冷却下,抽真空至反应装置真空度为≤0.025mbar,充入氮气,继续抽真空,重复三次操作后置换为氮气环境,在65℃进行聚合反应12h;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后通过抽滤进行固液分离,所得固体用甲醇和乙酸混合溶液(甲醇:乙酸/v:v=9:1)进行洗涤,直到在紫外分光光度计下检测不到洗涤液中的PG;随后用去离子水洗涤以中和,然后用甲醇洗涤,最后置于恒温干燥箱中于60℃对材料进行干燥,得PG-MIP-5。
实施例6:
本实施例的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将间苯三酚(0.5g,4mmol)与4-乙烯基吡啶(1.70mL,16mmol),加入甲苯(20mL)和乙腈(10mL)的混合溶液中,在室温25℃下预组装2h;
步骤2:向预组装产物中加入AIBN(8.2mg)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(1.5mL),反应装置于液氮冷却下,抽真空至反应装置真空度为≤0.025mbar,充入氮气,继续抽真空,重复三次操作后置换为氮气环境,在65℃进行聚合反应12h;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后通过抽滤进行固液分离,所得固体用甲醇和乙酸混合溶液(甲醇:乙酸/v:v=9:1)进行洗涤,直到在紫外分光光度计下检测不到洗涤液中的PG;随后用去离子水洗涤以中和,然后用甲醇洗涤,最后置于恒温干燥箱中于60℃对材料进行干燥,得PG-MIP-6。
实施例7:
本实施例的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将间苯三酚(0.5g,4mmol)与N-乙烯基咪唑(1.45mL,16mmol),加入甲苯(20mL)和乙腈(10mL)的混合溶液中,在室温25℃下预组装2h;
步骤2:向预组装产物中加入偶氮二异丁庚腈(8.2mg)和N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(1.5mL),反应装置于液氮冷却下,抽真空至反应装置真空度为≤0.025mbar,充入氮气,继续抽真空,重复三次操作后置换为氮气环境,在65℃进行聚合反应12h;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后通过抽滤进行固液分离,所得固体用甲醇和乙酸混合溶液(甲醇:乙酸/v:v=9:1)进行洗涤,直到在紫外分光光度计下检测不到洗涤液中的PG;随后用去离子水洗涤以中和,然后用甲醇洗涤,最后置于恒温干燥箱中于60℃对材料进行干燥,得PG-MIP-7。
应用例1
将实施例1-7制备的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料PG-MIP-1~7、对比例的非印迹材料PG-NIP-4与商业材料H-103,NKA-II用于吸附间苯三酚,具体试验过程如下:
将30mg上述材料加入到10mL含间苯三酚(1000ppm)的水溶液中,于25℃、180rpm条件下,摇床振荡吸附6h,测定吸附容量,结果如图2所示。
应用例2
将实施例4制备的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料PG-MIP-4、对比例的非印迹材料PG-NIP-4与商业材料NDA-150应用于针对间苯三酚(PG)和2-甲氧基对苯二酚(2-MHQ)共存体系中间苯三酚的选择性吸附中,具体试验过程如下:
将0.03g上述材料加入到10mL浓度为4mmol/L的含间苯三酚和2-甲氧基对苯二酚(PG与2-MHQ的摩尔比=1:1)的水溶液中,于25℃、180rpm条件下,摇床振荡吸附6h,测定吸附选择性。
根据(1)、(2)、(3)计算Kd(分配系数)、k(选择因子)、k’(相对选择因子),以评估材料的吸附选择性。
Kd=Qe/Ce (1)
k=Kd(PG)/Kd(2-MHQ) (2)
k′=kMIP/kNIP (3)
式中,Qe为吸附容量,单位mmol/g;Ce为达到吸附平衡时,吸附质的浓度,单位mmol/L。
结果如表1所示。
表1 PG-MIP-4、PG-NIP-4对PG、2-MHQ的吸附选择性对比
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,这些具体实施方式都是基于本发明整体构思下的不同实现方式,而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (6)
1.一种吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:将间苯三酚作为吸附质和配体加入到溶剂A与溶剂B的混合液中,一定条件下进行预组装;配体为NIPAM、AM、DHAM、VIM、NMAM或4-VP,配体与吸附质的摩尔比为(3~6):1,溶剂A为甲苯、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲亚砜,溶剂A体积与吸附质的质量之比为(30~50)mL:1g,溶剂B为乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、水或乙二醇,溶剂B与溶剂A的体积比为(0.25~1):1,预组装条件:温度为15~30℃,时间为1~6 h;
步骤2:向预组装产物中加入引发剂和交联剂,在氮气气氛下,于一定条件下进行聚合反应;引发剂为AIBN、MSDS、偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐、过氧化苯甲酰中的一种或几种的混合物,引发剂与吸附质的质量比为(0.005~0.03):1,交联剂为乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯或N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,交联剂与吸附质的质量比为(0.5~5):1,聚合条件:温度为40~80℃,时间为2~24 h;
步骤3:聚合反应结束后固液分离,洗脱所得固体中的间苯三酚后,真空干燥,得到吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤3中所述洗脱的洗脱液为甲醇、乙酸、水、乙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰、乙腈中的一种或几种混合物,真空干燥温度为60℃,时间为6~12h。
3.权利要求1或2所述的方法获得的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料。
4.权利要求1或2所述的方法获得的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料在吸附间苯三酚中的应用。
5.权利要求1或2所述的方法获得的吸附间苯三酚的分子印迹材料在针对间苯三酚/2-甲氧基对苯二酚共存体系中选择性吸附间苯三酚的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,相对选择因子>2。
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