CN116219595A - 一种温度自适应调温纤维及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种温度自适应调温纤维及其制备方法和应用，其特点是：所述温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：步骤S1：采用热膨胀系数不同的两种材料分别作为面层材料和底层材料制作薄膜，所述面层与底层通过镀膜、喷涂或黏合方法结合形成双层结构或多层结构的柔性致动器薄膜；步骤S2：将所述柔性致动器薄膜通过切割或膜裂制成温度自适应调温纤维。利用柔性致动器制成纤维并应用到面料及服装产品中，解决现有技术中温度调节性能与可穿戴性难以兼容的问题。可以在温度变化时通过刺激响应的方式进行自适应形变，从而调控服装的厚度、气流量和静态空气含量，起到自适应调温的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子柔性致动器以及调温纤维、纺织品制备的技术领域，具体说是一种温度自适应调温纤维及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
纺织品作为人体与外界环境的界面，在人体与外界环境的热交换中起着重要的作用。近年来，基于个人热管理（Personal Thermal Management, PTM）的先进纺织品研究越来越被研究者重视，更好地控制人体散热，是实现人体热舒适和降低建筑能耗的有效节能途径。个人热管理，顾名思义，包括个人冷却、加热、绝缘和温度调节，为了提高人体热舒适，降低采暖和制冷带来的大量能耗，强调人体及其所在环境的能量管理。传统的PTM策略包括人体空气/液体冷却服装（Personal-Cooling Garment，PCG）、人体主动加热服装（Personal-Heating Garment，PHG）以及相变热管理服装（Phase-ChangeThermoregulation Garment，PTG）。随着科学技术的发展和研究的深入，出现了将PTM与纺织品相结合的新兴策略，包括针对人体辐射和传导传热的被动热管理方案以及新型的有源主动热管理器件。然而，新型人体热管理服装往往在温度调节性能和可穿戴性（透气性、可洗性、可拉伸性和可裁剪性）之间进行权衡。如针对人体辐射和传导传热的金属纳米纤维杂化薄膜/纺织品，采用负载金属的纳米纤维膜材料对人体热辐射进行调控管理，进而达到保温调温的目的，然而，此类材料并非真正的服用纺织品，在实际应用中也难以代替真正的服装面料。
软体致动器是一种新兴的环境响应型装置，与传统的刚性致动器相比，它是一种更安全、更柔和的致动设备。软体致动器通常由高度变形的材料或复合材料制成，可在各种环境刺激下将外界能量转化为机械能。它们在分子水平上微观构象的变化转化为体积或形状的变化，从而展现出致动器材料的宏观大变形。致动材料通常有无机碳材料、记忆合金、高分子材料等。高分子材料因为其较高的热膨胀系数受到人们的广泛关注，而如何实现致动材料的大面积制备也成为影响其应用的关键因素之一。
中国专利（申请号：201811332046.8）公开了一种低密度聚乙烯-碳纳米管
软体致动器及其制备方法，具有以低密度聚乙烯薄膜为致动基体材料，以碳纳米管为功能层的叠层结构；致动器薄膜面积为1～6500cm2；制备方法包括：(1)将碳纳米管加入混酸中，加热、搅拌，经水洗、冷冻干燥，得到酸化碳纳米管；(2)将酸化碳纳米管超声分散于溶剂中，得到分散液；(3)将低密度聚乙烯薄膜置于热台上，将酸化碳纳米管分散液置于喷枪中，将喷枪垂直置于聚乙烯薄膜上方，在氮气气压下喷涂在聚乙烯薄膜表面，即得。该方法工艺简单可靠，具有广泛的应用前景。
如何利用这类软体致动器的薄膜产品开发出温度自适应调温纤维，由其制备的产品既具有温度自适应调温功能，又可作为直接服用的纺织服装范畴领域的纺织服装材料。采用柔性致动技术对传统纺织服装材料进行赋能，为温度变化时个体热管理提供一种简单有效、绿色节能的解决方案，这对智能纺织品发展具有重要意义，并且具有巨大的经济价值和应用潜力。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种温度自适应调温纤维及其制备方法和应用，利用柔性致动器制成纤维并应用到面料及服装产品中，解决现有技术中温度调节性能与可穿戴性难以兼容的问题。制成的服装可以在温度变化时通过刺激响应的方式进行自适应形变，从而调控服装的厚度、气流量和静态空气含量，起到自适应调温的效果。
为实现本发明的上述目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一种温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：采用热膨胀系数不同的两种材料分别作为面层材料和底层材料制作薄膜，所述面层与底层通过镀膜、喷涂或黏合方法结合形成双层结构或多层结构的柔性致动器薄膜；
步骤S2：将所述柔性致动器薄膜通过切割或膜裂制成温度自适应调温纤维。
对上述技术方案的改进：所述柔性致动器薄膜面积大于1 cm2，厚度为10~5000μm；所述温度自适应调温纤维的宽度为1~500 mm，长度为5~1000 mm，长宽比＞1。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述面层或底层采用热膨胀系数大于50p.p.m.K-1的高分子膜材料，包括低密度聚乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、尼龙及聚丙烯，所述底层或面层采用热膨胀系数小于50 p.p.m.K-1的材料，包括铜、银金属材料及聚酰亚胺膜材料、碳纳米管、石墨烯碳材料及MXene材料。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述柔性致动器薄膜的多层结构为所述面层与底层的中间或两外侧增加黏合层或者功能助剂层。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述黏合层为胶黏材料，所述功能助剂层包括低密度聚乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚丙烯、铜、银、聚酰亚胺、石墨烯、碳纳米管、发光材料及变色材料中的一种或多种。
本发明一种温度自适应调温纤维，其特征在于，采用上述的温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法制备而成。
本发明一种采用上述温度自适应调温纤维制成的温度自适应调温织物，其特征在于，所述温度自适应调温织物由所述温度自适应调温纤维通过机织工艺或针织工艺编织而成，或者，所述温度自适应调温织物是通过粘贴、黏合、热压方式将所述温度自适应调温纤维固定到织物上形成的复合织物。
对上述技术方案的改进：所述针织工艺包括将温度自适应调温纤维作为衬垫纱编织成衬垫组织，以及将温度自适应调温纤维作为衬纬纱编织衬纬组织；所述机织工艺为将温度自适应调温纤维作为经纱或纬纱编织到织物组织中形成经浮长或纬浮长。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述温度自适应调温织物中的所述温度自适应调温纤维在织物面料中按照经向或纬向呈阵列平行排列，所述温度自适应调温纤维之间留有间隔。
本发明一种温度自适应调温服装，其特征在于，将上述的温度自适应调温纤维作为保暖用的填充物与普通织物面料结合制成温度自适应调温服装，或者，将上述的温度自适应调温织物作为服装面料的面层和里层制成温度自适应调温服装。
本发明一种上述温度自适应调温服装的制备方法，其特征在于，将温度自适应调温纤维作为保暖用的填充物，制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1：制备温度自适应调温纤维；
步骤2：采用普通织物作为面层和里层进行裁剪并缝制成型；
步骤3：将所述温度自适应调温纤维作为保暖用的填充物填充到面层和里层之间；
步骤4：对面层和里层进行绗缝或缝制加工，将面层和里层分隔成若干容纳填充物的密闭空间。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述面层和里层之间容纳填充物的密闭空间的尺寸大于所述温度自适应调温纤维的长度。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点和积极效果：
1.本发明利用软体致动器的薄膜产品通过切割或膜裂制成温度自适应调温纤维，由其制备的产品既具有温度自适应调温功能，又可作为直接服用的纺织服装范畴领域的纺织服装材料；解决了现有技术中温度调节性能和可穿戴性难以兼容的问题；
2.本发明温度自适应调温纤维可以作为保暖用的填充物制作服装，可以在温度变化时通过刺激响应的方式进行自适应形变，从而调控服装的厚度、气流量和静态空气含量，起到自适应调温的效果；
3.本发明采用柔性致动技术对传统纺织服装材料进行赋能，为温度变化时个体热管理提供一种简单有效、绿色节能的解决方案，这对智能纺织品发展具有重要意义，并且具有很大的经济价值和应用潜力。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种温度自适应调温织物实施例的纤维阵列结构示意图；
图2为本发明一种温度自适应调温织物致动变形前的剖面结构示意图；
图3为本发明一种温度自适应调温织物致动变形后的剖面结构示意图；
图4为本发明一种温度自适应调温服装的绗缝结构示意图；
图5为本发明一种温度自适应调温服装中温度自适应调温纤维填充到普通织物格子中初始状态的横截面剖视结构示意图；
图6为本发明一种温度自适应调温服装中温度自适应调温纤维填充到普通织物格子中在环境温度变化且调温纤维响应后的横截面结构示意图。
实施方式
本发明一种温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法的实施方式，所述温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：采用热膨胀系数不同的两种材料分别作为面层材料和底层材料制作薄膜，所述面层与底层通过镀膜、喷涂或黏合方法结合形成双层结构或多层结构的柔性致动器薄膜；
步骤S2：将所述柔性致动器薄膜通过切割或膜裂制成温度自适应调温纤维。
进一步地，所述柔性致动器薄膜面积大于1 cm2，厚度为10~5000μm；所述温度自适应调温纤维的宽度为1~500 mm，长度为5~1000 mm，长宽比＞1。
再进一步地，上述的面层（或底层）采用热膨胀系数大于50 p.p.m.K-1的高分子膜材料膜材料，包括低密度聚乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、尼龙及聚丙烯，上述的底层（或面层）采用热膨胀系数小于50 p.p.m.K-1的材料，包括铜、银金属材料及聚酰亚胺膜材料、碳纳米管、石墨烯碳材料及MXene材料。
更进一步地，上述所述柔性致动器薄膜的多层结构为所述面层与底层的中间或两外侧增加黏合层或者功能助剂层。即在面层与底层的中间增加黏合层或者功能助剂层，或者，在面层与底层的外侧面增加黏合层或者功能助剂层。
优选地，上述述黏合层为胶黏材料，所述功能助剂层包括低密度聚乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚丙烯、铜、银、聚酰亚胺、石墨烯、碳纳米管、发光、变色材料中的一种或多种。
本发明一种温度自适应调温纤维的实施例，采用上述的温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法制备而成。
本发明一种采用上述温度自适应调温纤维制成的温度自适应调温织物的具体实施方式，所述温度自适应调温织物由所述温度自适应调温纤维通过机织工艺或针织工艺编织而成，或者，所述温度自适应调温织物是通过粘贴、黏合、热压方式将所述温度自适应调温纤维固定到织物上形成的复合织物。
进一步地，上述针织工艺包括将温度自适应调温纤维作为衬垫纱编织成衬垫组织，以及将温度自适应调温纤维作为衬纬纱编织衬纬组织，所述温度自适应调温纤维作为一根衬纬纱在编织时加入罗纹组织中，形成温度自适应调温针织物；所述机织工艺为将温度自适应调温纤维作为经纱或纬纱编织到织物组织中形成经浮长或纬浮长。
参见图1，本发明一种温度自适应调温织物的实施例，将温度自适应调温纤维1黏合在普通织物2表面，按照图1中所示的经向或纬向呈阵列平行排列，温度自适应调温纤维1之间留有间隔，以便于致动变形。
本发明一种温度自适应调温服装的实施例1，将上述的温度自适应调温纤维作为保暖用的填充物与普通织物面料结合制成温度自适应调温服装。
参见图2、图3，本发明一种温度自适应调温服装的实施例2，将上述实施例的温度自适应调温织物作为服装面料的里层和面层，所述服装面料中，里层和面层上的温度自适应调温纤维1位置相对应（如图2所示），环境温度变化后，里层和面层上的温度自适应调温纤维1同时受刺激致动（如图3所示），起到调节服装的厚度、气流量和静态空气含量的效果。
本发明一种温度自适应调温服装的制备方法的实施例，将温度自适应调温纤维作为保暖用的填充物，制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1：制备温度自适应调温纤维；
步骤2：采用普通织物作为面层和里层进行裁剪并缝制成型；
步骤3：将所述温度自适应调温纤维作为保暖用的填充物填充到面层和里层之间；
步骤4：对面层和里层进行绗缝（图4中的3为绗缝线）或缝制加工，将面层和里层分隔成若干容纳填充物的密闭空间。
优选地，上述面层和里层之间容纳填充物的密闭空间的尺寸大于上述温度自适应调温纤维的长度。上述的普通织物2可以为高支高密的纯棉织物或涤纶织物等服装面料。
参见图5、图6，上述用温度自适应调温纤维1作为保暖填充物的温度自适应调温服装中，温度自适应调温纤维1作为填充物填充至绗缝或缝制好的普通织物2的格子中（如图5所示），当环境温度变化时，普通织物2的格子中的调温纤维受刺激而致动（如图6所示），从而调节服装的厚度、气流量和静态空气含量。此过程可逆。
上述实施例中的普通织物2也可以用如下的温度自适应调温织物替代，如：由温度自适应调温纤维通过机织工艺或针织工艺编织而成机织物或针织物。
当然，上述说明并非是对发明的限制，本发明也并不限于上述举例，本技术领域的普通技术人员，在本发明的实质范围内做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (12)
1.一种温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：采用热膨胀系数不同的两种材料分别作为面层材料和底层材料制作薄膜，所述面层与底层通过镀膜、喷涂或黏合方法结合形成双层结构或多层结构的柔性致动器薄膜；
步骤S2：将所述柔性致动器薄膜通过切割或膜裂制成温度自适应调温纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述柔性致动器薄膜面积大于1 cm2，厚度为10~5000μm；所述温度自适应调温纤维的宽度为1~500 mm，长度为5~1000 mm，长宽比＞1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法，所述面层或底层采用热膨胀系数大于50 p.p.m.K-1的高分子膜材料，包括低密度聚乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、尼龙及聚丙烯，所述底层或面层采用热膨胀系数小于50 p.p.m.K-1的材料，包括铜、银金属材料及聚酰亚胺膜材料、碳纳米管、石墨烯碳材料及MXene材料。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述柔性致动器薄膜的多层结构为所述面层与底层的中间或两外侧增加黏合层或者功能助剂层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述黏合层为胶黏材料，所述功能助剂层包括低密度聚乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚丙烯、铜、银、聚酰亚胺、石墨烯、碳纳米管、发光材料及变色材料中的一种或多种。
6.一种温度自适应调温纤维，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-5任一项所述的温度自适应调温纤维的制备方法制备而成。
7.一种采用权利要求6所述的温度自适应调温纤维制成的温度自适应调温织物，其特征在于，所述温度自适应调温织物由所述温度自适应调温纤维通过机织工艺或针织工艺编织而成，或者，所述温度自适应调温织物是通过粘贴、黏合、热压方式将所述温度自适应调温纤维固定到织物上形成的复合织物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的温度自适应调温纤维制成的温度自适应调温织物，其特征在于，所述针织工艺包括将温度自适应调温纤维作为衬垫纱编织成衬垫组织，以及将温度自适应调温纤维作为衬纬纱编织衬纬组织；所述机织工艺为将温度自适应调温纤维作为经纱或纬纱编织到织物组织中形成经浮长或纬浮长。
9.根据权利要求7所述的温度自适应调温纤维制成的温度自适应调温织物，其特征在于，所述复合织物中的所述温度自适应调温纤维在织物面料中按照经向或纬向呈阵列平行排列，所述温度自适应调温纤维之间留有间隔。
10.一种温度自适应调温服装，其特征在于，将权利要求6所述的温度自适应调温纤维作为保暖用的填充物与普通织物面料结合制成温度自适应调温服装，或者，将权利要求7-9所述的温度自适应调温织物作为服装面料的面层和里层制成温度自适应调温服装。
11.一种如权利要求10所述的温度自适应调温服装的制备方法，其特征在于，将温度自适应调温纤维作为保暖用的填充物，制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1：制备温度自适应调温纤维；
步骤2：采用普通织物作为面层和里层进行裁剪并缝制成型；
步骤3：将所述温度自适应调温纤维作为保暖用的填充物填充到面层和里层之间；
步骤4：对面层和里层进行绗缝或缝制加工，将面层和里层分隔成若干容纳填充物的密闭空间。
12.根据权利要求11所述的温度自适应调温服装的制备方法，其特征在于，所述面层和里层之间容纳填充物的密闭空间的尺寸大于所述温度自适应调温纤维的长度。
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