CN116213767A - Numerical control turning method - Google Patents
Numerical control turning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116213767A CN116213767A CN202211535431.9A CN202211535431A CN116213767A CN 116213767 A CN116213767 A CN 116213767A CN 202211535431 A CN202211535431 A CN 202211535431A CN 116213767 A CN116213767 A CN 116213767A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
- B23Q5/28—Electric drives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Abstract
The invention discloses a numerical control turning method, which comprises rough machining and finish machining of parts, wherein the rough machining is performed in a specific mode that an upper computer controls a lathe spindle to drive the parts to rotate; meanwhile, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool to simultaneously supply axially and radially along the outer circumferential surface of the part according to a preset rough turning path, and when the axial direction is supplied for a preset length, the axial direction supply and the radial direction supply are stopped; then, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool to radially withdraw to the original outer circumferential surface of the part, and then axially and radially supply the rough turning tool along the outer circumferential surface of the part at the same time, and the numerical control steps are repeated until the rough machining of the axial machining length of the part is finished; after the rough machining is finished, the outer wall surface of the part forms a stepped structure; the invention adopts the way of turning the outer circumference step, thereby not only ensuring the continuity of the processing process and improving the processing efficiency, but also ensuring the processing precision and prolonging the service life of the cutter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of turning, and particularly relates to a numerical control turning method.
Background
At present, two common chip breaking modes are adopted for ultra-soft materials and soft metals, one is that a cutter is stationary relative to a lathe spindle after turning a section of length along the axial direction, so that the lathe spindle drives a material to be processed to idle, the purpose of chip breaking is achieved, the chip breaking effect can be achieved by utilizing the mode, the service life of the cutter is shortened, and the surface quality of a part is reduced by utilizing a discontinuous mode.
The other is that the cutting is always carried out along the axial direction during rough turning, and the cutting effect is achieved by matching the depth of a cutting groove of a cutter with the feeding parameters during the turning process, but when the ultra-soft material and the soft metal are turned by the method, because the material is too soft, coiled or round-shaped cutting chips are often formed, and the coiled or round-shaped cutting chips are wound and accumulated on workpieces, the automatic batch processing process is interrupted, and the continuous cutting can be realized after the accumulated cutting is cleaned, so that the processing efficiency is low; and because the bulk chips are wound on the machined surface, the machined surface is pulled and roughened, so that the surface precision is difficult to reach the technical requirement during finish turning.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a numerical control turning method, which adopts an outer circumference stepped turning mode, so that the continuity of a machining process can be ensured, the machining efficiency can be improved, the machining precision can be ensured, and the service life of a cutter can be prolonged.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a numerical control turning method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the part with the axial processing length L is subjected to rough processing, and the specific mode is as follows: the upper computer controls the lathe spindle to drive the part to rotate; meanwhile, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool to simultaneously supply axially and radially along the outer circumferential surface of the part according to a preset rough turning path, and when the rough turning tool is axially supplied for a preset length Z 0 When the axial feeding and the radial feeding are stopped; the Z is 0 <L;
Then, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool to be radially withdrawn to the original outer circumferential surface of the part, and then the rough turning tool is axially fed and radially fed along the outer circumferential surface of the part at the same time:
if 2*Z 0 Not less than L, axially feeding the workpiece to the L, and finishing rough machining;
if 2*Z 0 <L is axially supplied to 2*Z 0 Stopping axial supply and radial supply, and controlling the rough turning tool to radially withdraw to the original outer circumferential surface of the part; then, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool, and then simultaneously supplies the rough turning tool axially and radially along the outer circumferential surface of the part:
if 3*Z 0 Not less than L, axially feeding the workpiece to the L, and finishing rough machining;
if 3*Z 0 <L is axially supplied to 3*Z 0 Stopping axial supply and radial supply, and controlling the rough turning tool to radially withdraw to the original outer circumferential surface of the part; and then simultaneously axially feeding and radially feeding along the outer circumferential surface of the part:
and the like, until the axial machining length rough machining of the part is finished;
step S2: and (5) finishing the part with the axial machining length L.
Further, the manner of step S2 is as follows: along the rough machined stepped outer contour, a finish turning tool is controlled to finish the surface of the part through a finish turning path preset by an upper computer, so that the surface of the part is smooth; in the finish machining process, the upper computer controls the rotating speed of the part to periodically float and change along with the change of the axial machining length, and each preset length section corresponds to one period.
Further, the rotation speed of the upper computer control part periodically changes in a floating manner along with the change of the axial processing length, and each preset length section corresponds to a period, specifically:
step S21: presetting an initial quantity in an upper computer, namely presetting: the original point of the machining is one end of the part, and the initial rotating speed of the part driven by the lathe spindle is n 0 The variation of the rotation speed is delta n, and the maximum limit value of the rotation speed is n max The minimum limit value of the rotating speed is n min ;
Step S22: the upper computer controls the finishing tool to start turning from the end opposite to the end where the origin of the part is located:
step S221, the upper computer controls the finishing tool to be supplied at a uniform speed along the axial direction; meanwhile, the rotational speed of the control lathe spindle is changed in the following manner: the rotating speed of the lathe spindle takes the initial rotating speed as a base point and is increased graduallyEvery time delta n is increased, the upper computer judges whether the rotating speed exceeds the maximum limit value n max ;
If the maximum limit value is not exceeded, continuing to increase uniformly;
if the rotation speed exceeds the maximum limit value, the rotation speed is uniformly decreased, and when delta n is decreased, the upper computer judges whether the rotation speed is smaller than the minimum limit value n min ;
If not less than the minimum limit n min Continuing to decrease uniformly;
when the rotating speed is smaller than the minimum limit value n min When the rotating speed is increased to the initial rotating speed for the second time, the finishing tool just finishes processing the 1 st preset length section; the finished length at this time is Z 1 =Z 0 ;
Step S222, the upper computer will preprocess the length Z 2 =Z 1 +Z 0 In comparison with the axial working length L of the part,
if L>Z 2 Repeating step S221, and finishing the 2 nd preset length section; the axial length which has been finished at this time is Z 2 =Z 1 +Z 0 =2*Z 0 ;
If L is less than or equal to Z 2 If the residual axial machining length is one preset machining section or less than one preset machining section, the rotating shaft correspondingly performs variable speed operation within the residual length range, finishing the finish machining, and ending the procedure;
similarly, the upper computer will preprocess the length Z i =Z i-1 +Z 0 In comparison with the axial working length L of the part,
if L>Z i Repeating step S221, and finishing the processing of the ith preset length segment; the finished length at this time is Z i =Z i-1 +Z 0 =i*Z 0 ;
If L is less than or equal to Z i If the residual axial machining length is one preset machining section or less than one preset machining section, the rotating shaft correspondingly performs variable speed operation within the range of the residual axial machining length, finishing the finish machining, and ending the procedure;
and finishing the axial machining length of the part.
Further, each preset length section corresponds to more than two periods.
Further, in step S221, the rotation speed of the lathe spindle may be decreased from the initial value, then increased, and then decreased to the initial value.
Further, in step S1, when the preset length Z is axially supplied 0 When the axial feeding is stopped, the radial feeding is Y 1 ;Y 1 =Z 0 /5。
Further, in step S1, when the preset length Z is axially supplied 0 When the axial feeding is stopped, the radial feeding is Y 1 ;Y 1 =taper of the frustoconical structure/15.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) According to the invention, after the axial feeding is carried out for a preset length, the axial feeding is stopped, the rough turning tool is controlled to be radially withdrawn to the outer circumferential surface of the part, so that axial cutting is discontinuous, in the process of controlling the rough turning tool to be radially withdrawn to the outer circumferential surface of the part and then carrying out axial feeding and radial feeding, strip-shaped chips formed by cutting the ultra-soft material are broken, the broken chips are matched with the cutting grooves on the cutter, the chips are led out of the lathe, the overlong winding of the strip-shaped chips on a workpiece is avoided, the continuity of the machining process is ensured, and the machining efficiency is improved.
(2) In the finish machining process, the upper computer controls the rotation speed of the part to periodically float and change along with the change of the axial machining length, and each preset length section corresponds to one period. Therefore, the cutting generated by finish machining can leave the surface of the part under the action of centrifugal force, and the cutting chips are guided out of the lathe through the cooperation of the cutting groove on the cutter, so that the continuous finish machining can be realized, and the machining precision is ensured.
(3) According to the invention, each preset length section can also correspond to more than two periods, and under the same preset length, the more the periods are, the more the rotating speed is changed, so that broken chips are further ensured to be led out of the lathe along the breaking groove under the action of inertia force, and the broken chip efficiency is improved.
(4) In the step S221, the rotating speed of the lathe spindle can be firstly decreased from an initial value, then increased and then decreased to the initial value, so that the rotating speed of the spindle is lower when the large-diameter section is processed on each preset length section, the cutter can be protected, the rotating speed is higher when the small-diameter section is processed, the processing efficiency is further improved, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the roughing process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the fine process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the floating speed finishing process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of rotational speed of a part as a function of axial finish length;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the rough machining of the present invention (for a variable diameter rotor);
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the finishing of the present invention (for a variable diameter rotor).
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a numerical control turning method which is suitable for turning of ultra-soft materials,
the ultra-soft material is superplastic metal material such as pure copper, cold forging steel Ml08Al, etc., or soft plastic material such as silica gel, rubber, nylon, etc.
The method comprises the following steps:
step S1: rough machining is carried out on a part with the axial machining length L, referring to figure 1, an upper computer controls a lathe spindle to drive the part to rotate; meanwhile, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool to simultaneously supply axially and radially along the outer circumferential surface of the part according to a preset rough turning path, and when the rough turning tool is axially supplied for a preset length Z 0 When (and Z) 0 <L), axial feeding and radial feeding are stopped, and at this time, the radial feeding is Y 1 ;
Then, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool to be radially withdrawn to the original outer circumferential surface of the part, and then the rough turning tool is axially fed and radially fed along the outer circumferential surface of the part at the same time:
if 2*Z 0 Not less than L, axially feeding the workpiece to the L, and finishing rough machining;
if 2*Z 0 <L is axially supplied to 2*Z 0 Radial feed is Y 1 Then stopping axial supply and radial supply, and controlling the rough turning tool to radially withdraw to the original outer circumferential surface of the part; then, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool, and then simultaneously supplies the rough turning tool axially and radially along the outer circumferential surface of the part:
if 3*Z 0 >L, axially feeding L, and finishing the rough machining;
if 3*Z 0 <L is axially supplied to 3*Z 0 Radial feed is Y 1 Then stopping axial supply and radial supply, and controlling the rough turning tool to radially withdraw to the original outer circumferential surface of the part; and then simultaneously axially feeding and radially feeding along the outer circumferential surface of the part:
and the like, until the axial machining length rough machining of the part is finished; after the rough machining is finished, the outer wall surface of the part forms a stepped structure, and the shape enclosed by the outer wall surface of each preset length section is a truncated cone-shaped structure;
further, Y 1 =Z 0 /5 or Y 1 =taper of the frustoconical structure/15;
in a specific embodiment, a preset length Z 0 =2mm,Y 1 =0.4mm;
In the step, the axial feeding is stopped after the axial feeding is carried out for a preset length, the rough turning tool is controlled to be radially withdrawn to the outer circumferential surface of the part, so that axial cutting is discontinuous, strip-shaped chips formed by cutting the ultra-soft material are broken in the process of controlling the axial feeding and the radial feeding after the rough turning tool is controlled to be radially withdrawn to the outer circumferential surface of the part, the broken chips are matched with the breaking grooves on the cutting tool, the chips are led out of the lathe, the overlong winding of the strip-shaped chips on a workpiece is avoided, the continuity of the machining process is ensured, and the machining efficiency is improved.
Step S2: referring to fig. 2, along the rough machined stepped outer contour, a finish turning tool is controlled to finish the surface of the part through a finish turning path preset by an upper computer, so that the surface of the part is smooth; in the finish machining process, the upper computer controls the rotating speed of the part to periodically float and change along with the change of the axial machining length, and each preset length section corresponds to one period; the method comprises the following steps:
step S21: presetting an initial quantity in an upper computer, namely presetting: the original point of the machining is one end of the part, and the initial rotating speed of the part driven by the lathe spindle is n 0 The variation of the rotation speed is delta n, and the maximum limit value of the rotation speed is n max The minimum limit value of the rotating speed is n min ;
Step S22: the upper computer controls the finishing tool to start turning from the end opposite to the end where the origin of the part is located:
step S221, the upper computer controls the finishing tool to be supplied at a uniform speed along the axial direction; meanwhile, the rotational speed of the control lathe spindle is changed in the following manner: the rotating speed of the lathe spindle takes the initial rotating speed as a base point, the rotating speed is uniformly increased, and when delta n is increased, the upper computer judges whether the rotating speed exceeds a maximum limit value n or not max ;
If the maximum limit value is not exceeded, continuing to increase uniformly;
if the rotation speed exceeds the maximum limit value, the rotation speed is uniformly decreased, and when delta n is decreased, the upper computer judges whether the rotation speed is smaller than the minimum limit value n min ;
If not less than the minimum limit n min Continuing to decrease uniformly;
when the rotating speed is smaller than the minimum limit value n min When the rotating speed is increased to the initial rotating speed for the second time, the finishing tool just finishes processing the 1 st preset length section; the finished length at this time is Z 1 =Z 0 ;
Step S222, the upper computer will preprocess the length Z 2 =Z 1 +Z 0 Comparing with the axial processing length L of the part:
if L>Z 2 Repeating step S221, and finishing the 2 nd preset length section; the axial length which has been finished at this time is Z 2 =Z 1 +Z 0 =2*Z 0 ;
If L is less than or equal to Z 2 The remaining axial working length is a preset additionIf the working section or the working section is less than a preset processing section, the rotating shaft correspondingly performs variable speed operation within the range of the residual length, the finish machining is finished, and the procedure is finished;
similarly, the upper computer will preprocess the length Z i =Z i-1 +Z 0 Comparing with the axial processing length L of the part:
if L>Z i Repeating step S221, and finishing the processing of the ith preset length segment; the finished length at this time is Z i =Z i-1 +Z 0 =i*Z 0 ;
If L is less than or equal to Z i If the residual axial machining length is one preset machining section or less than one preset machining section, the rotating shaft correspondingly performs variable speed operation within the range of the residual axial machining length, finishing the finish machining, and ending the procedure;
and finishing the axial machining length of the part.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the initial rotation speed of the lathe spindle driving part is n=600r/min, the variation of the rotation speed is Δn=10r/min, and the maximum limit value of the rotation speed is n max =650 r/min, the minimum limit of rotation speed is n min The axial working length L of the part=300 mm, =550 r/min.
In the step, the part is controlled to rotate through speed change in the finish machining process, so that the cutting generated by finish machining can leave the surface of the part under the action of centrifugal force, and chips are led out of the lathe through matching with the cutting groove on the cutter, so that the finish machining can be continuously performed, and the machining precision is ensured.
Furthermore, the rotating speed of the upper computer control part periodically changes in a floating way along with the change of the axial processing length, and each preset length section can also correspond to more than two periods.
Further, in step S221, the rotation speed of the lathe spindle may be decreased from the initial value, then increased, and then decreased to the initial value, so that on each preset length section, the rotation speed of the spindle is lower when the large diameter section is processed, and the rotation speed of the spindle is higher when the small diameter section is processed, thereby further improving the processing efficiency and prolonging the service life of the cutter.
Example 2:
this embodiment provides a numerical control turning method based on embodiment 1, referring to fig. 5 and 6, when the outer circumference of the part is provided with a variable diameter section, i.e., a processing section that smoothly transitions from a small diameter to a large diameter, the control rough turning tool of step S1 is simultaneously axially fed and radially fed along the outer circumference of the part is replaced with axially fed only; owing to the variation of the outer circumferential diameter of the part, cutting off can be achieved even without imparting radial feed.
The other processing methods are the same as those of example 1, and will not be described here again.
In summary, the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The numerical control turning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: the part with the axial processing length L is subjected to rough processing, and the specific mode is as follows: the upper computer controls the lathe spindle to drive the part to rotate; meanwhile, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool to simultaneously supply axially and radially along the outer circumferential surface of the part according to a preset rough turning path, and when the rough turning tool is axially supplied for a preset length Z 0 When the axial feeding and the radial feeding are stopped; the Z is 0 <L;
Then, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool to be radially withdrawn to the original outer circumferential surface of the part, and then the rough turning tool is axially fed and radially fed along the outer circumferential surface of the part at the same time:
if 2*Z 0 Not less than L, axially feeding the workpiece to the L, and finishing rough machining;
if 2*Z 0 <L is axially supplied to 2*Z 0 Stopping axial supply and radial supply, and controlling the rough turning tool to radially withdraw to the original outer circumferential surface of the part; then, the upper computer controls the rough turning tool, and then simultaneously supplies the rough turning tool axially and radially along the outer circumferential surface of the part:
if 3*Z 0 Not less than L, axially feeding the workpiece to the L, and finishing rough machining;
if 3*Z 0 <L is axially supplied to 3*Z 0 Stopping axial supply and radial supply, and controlling the rough turning tool to radially withdraw to the original outer circumferential surface of the part; and then simultaneously axially feeding and radially feeding along the outer circumferential surface of the part:
and the like, until the axial machining length rough machining of the part is finished;
step S2: and (5) finishing the part with the axial machining length L.
2. The numerical control turning method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step S2 is performed in the following manner: along the rough machined stepped outer contour, a finish turning tool is controlled to finish the surface of the part through a finish turning path preset by an upper computer, so that the surface of the part is smooth; in the finish machining process, the upper computer controls the rotating speed of the part to periodically float and change along with the change of the axial machining length, and each preset length section corresponds to one period.
3. The numerical control turning method as set forth in claim 2, wherein the rotation speed of the upper computer control part periodically changes in a floating manner along with the change of the axial machining length, and each preset length corresponds to a period, specifically:
step S21: presetting an initial quantity in an upper computer, namely presetting: the original point of the machining is one end of the part, and the initial rotating speed of the part driven by the lathe spindle is n 0 The variation of the rotation speed is delta n, and the maximum limit value of the rotation speed is n max The minimum limit value of the rotating speed is n min ;
Step S22: the upper computer controls the finishing tool to start turning from the end opposite to the end where the origin of the part is located:
step S221, the upper computer controls the finishing tool to be supplied at a uniform speed along the axial direction; meanwhile, the rotational speed of the control lathe spindle is changed in the following manner: the rotating speed of the lathe spindle takes the initial rotating speed as a base point, the rotating speed is uniformly increased, and when delta n is increased, the upper computer judges whether the rotating speed exceeds a maximum limit value n or not max ;
If the maximum limit value is not exceeded, continuing to increase uniformly;
if the rotation speed exceeds the maximum limit value, the rotation speed is uniformly decreased, and when delta n is decreased, the upper computer judges whether the rotation speed is smaller than the minimum limit value n min ;
If not less than the minimum limit n min Continuing to decrease uniformly;
when the rotating speed is smaller than the minimum limit value n min When the rotating speed is increased to the initial rotating speed for the second time, the finishing tool just finishes processing the 1 st preset length section; the finished length at this time is Z 1 =Z 0 ;
Step S222, the upper computer will preprocess the length Z 2 =Z 1 +Z 0 In comparison with the axial working length L of the part,
if L>Z 2 Repeating step S221, and finishing the 2 nd preset length section; the axial length which has been finished at this time is Z 2 =Z 1 +Z 0 =2*Z 0 ;
If L is less than or equal to Z 2 If the residual axial machining length is one preset machining section or less than one preset machining section, the rotating shaft correspondingly performs variable speed operation within the residual length range, finishing the finish machining, and ending the procedure;
similarly, the upper computer will preprocess the length Z i =Z i-1 +Z 0 In comparison with the axial working length L of the part,
if L>Z i Repeating step S221, and finishing the processing of the ith preset length segment; the finished length at this time is Z i =Z i-1 +Z 0 =i*Z 0 ;
If L is less than or equal to Z i If the residual axial machining length is one preset machining section or less than one preset machining section, the rotating shaft correspondingly performs variable speed operation within the range of the residual axial machining length, finishing the finish machining, and ending the procedure;
and finishing the axial machining length of the part.
4. A method of numerically controlled turning as in claim 2, wherein each of the predetermined length segments corresponds to more than two cycles.
5. A method of numerically controlled turning as in claim 3, wherein in step S221, the rotational speed of the lathe spindle is decremented from an initial value, then incremented, and then decremented to an initial value.
6. A method of numerically controlled turning as in any of claims 1-5, wherein in step S1, a predetermined length Z is provided axially 0 When the axial feeding is stopped, the radial feeding is Y 1 ;Y 1 =Z 0 /5。
7. A method of numerically controlled turning as in any of claims 1-5, wherein in step S1, a predetermined length Z is provided axially 0 When the axial feeding is stopped, the radial feeding is Y 1 ;Y 1 =taper of the frustoconical structure/15.
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