CN116197536A - Device and method for controlling forming and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for controlling forming and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing. In the arc material-increasing process, the double-side laser heating device is positioned at the front side of the welding gun and keeps synchronous movement with the welding gun, and the temperature gradient is preset by the double-side laser heating device before the arc material-increasing manufacturing, so that the solidification mode of a deposition layer and the infiltration angle of the deposition layer are changed, and the shape of a formed part is controlled. The surface profile information extracted from the structured light camera is transmitted to a feedback adjusting device to be compared with the pre-deposited surface profile to obtain information serving as a control signal, and the transmitting power of the laser transmitters at two sides is controlled, so that the purposes of improving the defects of poor direct layer-layer combination and surface forming defects caused by inconsistent temperature at two sides of a central line of a welding gun or wire feeding eccentricity due to insufficient heat input at the edge during material adding are achieved.

Description

Device and method for controlling forming and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for improving the performance and the size of a deposition layer tissue in an arc additive manufacturing process.

Background

The additive manufacturing technology is also called 3D printing and rapid forming, and is a novel manufacturing technology for directly manufacturing a digital model into a solid part by adopting a material layer-by-layer stacking method based on a layered manufacturing principle. The forming process is not limited by the traditional design rule, the material utilization rate is high, and the rapid forming of the parts with complex shapes can be realized. Additive manufacturing techniques can be categorized into laser additive manufacturing, electron beam additive manufacturing, arc additive manufacturing, etc. according to heat sources, where arc additive manufacturing has received much attention due to its advantages of high deposition rate, simplicity of equipment, low cost, etc. But it also has a local large heat input during additive manufacturing, making the deposit layer tissue coarse; in the process of additive manufacturing, if the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the substrate and the deposited deposition layer and the next layer to be deposited in additive manufacturing is large, the defect of forming a formed part is easily caused, and the processing index is influenced; the heat accumulation is increased in the additive manufacturing process, and the problems of collapse of a deposition layer, low forming precision and the like occur.

Specifically, the heat input of the edge of a deposition layer is insufficient in the additive manufacturing process, so that defects such as undercut are formed; meanwhile, the heat input distribution is uneven, so that the fluidity of a molten pool is insufficient, and defects such as material increase surface depression and the like are generated; in the process of additive manufacturing multi-layer stacking, the problems of poor fusion between layers, collapse of deposited layers after multi-layer stacking and the like exist. Most of the existing researches can improve the tissue performance of the deposition layer to a certain extent by means of integral preheating of the deposition layer or rapid cooling after material addition or both, but the morphology of the deposition layer is slightly changed. The invention provides a device and a method for controlling forming and improving the performance of a deposition layer tissue along with the local preset temperature gradient in the additive manufacturing process. In the arc material-increasing process, the double-side laser heating device is positioned at the front side of the welding gun and keeps synchronous movement with the welding gun, and the temperature gradient is preset by the double-side laser heating device before the arc material-increasing manufacturing, so that the solidification mode of a deposition layer and the infiltration angle of the deposition layer are changed, and the shape of a formed part is controlled. Meanwhile, in the additive manufacturing process, the information of the surface profile shape extracted from the structured light camera is transmitted to the feedback adjusting device to be compared with the pre-deposited surface shape to obtain information serving as a control signal, and the transmitting power of the laser transmitters at two sides is controlled, so that the purposes of improving the defect of poor direct combination of layers due to insufficient heat input at the edges and the defect of surface forming caused by inconsistent temperature at two sides of the center line of a welding gun or wire feeding eccentricity of layers are achieved, and the problem of the surface defect in the additive manufacturing process is solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device and a method for improving the structure of a deposition layer and controlling the forming through presetting a temperature gradient in the arc additive manufacturing process, which can meet the arc additive manufacturing under different requirements.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an apparatus for controlling shaping and improving tissue properties in an arc additive manufacturing process, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: the device comprises additive manufacturing equipment, a connecting device, a double-side laser heating device, a laser emitter, a structured light camera and a feedback adjusting device; the additive manufacturing equipment comprises a welding gun, a welding power supply, a gas cylinder and a wire feeding device; in the arc additive manufacturing process, laser heating devices on two sides are connected through a connecting device, are positioned at a certain distance in front of a welding gun and move along with the welding gun at the same time. The positions of the laser heating devices at two sides, the welding gun and the heating area are adjusted by adjusting the connecting device; the heat source in the additive manufacturing process is provided by a welding power supply connected with a welding gun and a laser heating device; the wire feeder is connected with a connecting device on the welding gun through a wire feeder connecting plate, so that the welding gun and the wire feeder synchronously move. The structured light camera is clamped at the rear side of the welding gun and matched with a proper optical filter to detect the profile shape of the surface of the deposit layer.

The two-side laser heating devices are positioned at the front side of the welding gun, and heat the edges of the two sides of the area to be subjected to additive deposition before the additive process, so that the area to be subjected to deposition forms a preset temperature gradient with high temperature at the two sides and low temperature at the middle. The laser emission power is regulated by a laser, along with the increase of the laser power, the temperature of a heating area by the laser heating devices at two sides is also increased, the preset temperature gradient is increased, the temperature gradient generated in the process of deposition and solidification and perpendicular to the movement direction of a welding gun is reduced, the solidification mode of a deposition layer is changed in the subsequent solidification process, and the deposition layer tends to be solidified simultaneously; meanwhile, as the temperature of the two sides is higher, the infiltration angle of the molten drops becomes larger, which is beneficial to the movement of the molten drops to the two sides, so that the width of the deposition layer is increased; the preset temperature field provides sufficient heat input to the edges of the deposited layer, increases the wettability of the droplet, and facilitates bonding of the deposited regions. Meanwhile, the laser heating devices at the two sides also play a role in preheating the substrate when the first layer is deposited, so that the tissue performance of the deposited layer can be improved.

The connecting device comprises a connecting block, a long screw of M10 and a YOZ plane positioning device; the connecting block is fixed on the welding gun and used as a reference structural member for positioning the relative positions of the heating devices on two sides and the welding gun; the welding gun, the connecting block, the M10 long screw, the YOZ plane positioning device and the laser heating devices on two sides are sequentially connected through bolts. The front and back positions of the laser heating devices on the two sides, the welding gun and the position of the region to be heated of the material adding region are adjusted through adjusting the connecting device, so that the laser heating device is positioned at a proper position.

The structured light camera is clamped at the rear side of the welding gun and is matched with the optical filter to detect the profile information of the surface of the deposition layer; according to the surface profile information of the deposition layer detected by the structured light camera, laser power of laser transmitters at two sides is adjusted in real time, a preset temperature gradient of the laser heating devices at two sides is controlled, uneven interlayer and side profile defects in the additive manufacturing process are improved, and the deposition layer with smooth surface and good forming is obtained.

The feedback adjusting device is connected with the structured light camera and the laser transmitters at two sides. The surface profile information extracted from the structured light camera is transmitted to the feedback regulating device to be compared with the pre-deposited surface profile, the information obtained by comparison is used as a control signal to control the transmitting power of the laser transmitters at two sides, and the purposes of improving the defects of poor material infiltration caused by insufficient edge heat input and poor direct layer-layer combination and the defects of surface forming caused by inconsistent temperature at two sides of a central line of a welding gun or wire feeding eccentricity during material addition are achieved.

The laser emitted by the laser is linear laser, and the temperature range which can be regulated and controlled by the laser heating devices at two sides is 50-1200 DEG C

The welding wire is of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, carbon steel, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy, nickel alloy and the like.

When the thermal conductivity coefficient of the additive material is 5-80W/(m.K), the power of the laser is 200-400W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 80-300W/(m.K), the power of the laser is 400-1000W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 300-500W/(m.K), the power of the laser is 600-1200W.

An apparatus and method for improving the performance and dimensions of a deposit layer tissue during arc additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:

step one: the connecting device is adjusted to enable the line lasers of the laser heating devices at the two sides to be at the position 1mm inside the edge of the required deposition layer, and the connecting device is fastened after the positioning is finished, so that the laser heating devices at the two sides and the welding gun can keep a synchronous relation of relative movement.

Step two: starting the laser heating devices at two sides and then starting the material adding device, wherein the laser heating devices at two sides are relatively in front of the welding gun, and the temperature field of the substrate is preset. The welding gun, the connecting device, the laser heating devices on two sides and the welding power supply cooperatively move to perform additive manufacturing, so that a well-formed deposition layer is obtained; according to the surface profile information of the deposition layer detected by the structured light camera, comparing the surface profile information with the surface profile of the deposition layer preset in the feedback adjusting device: if the situation that the deposited layers on two sides of the center line of the welding gun are asymmetric and one side is more and the other side is less is found, the feedback regulating device outputs a signal for improving the laser power on one side of the deposited layers and reducing the laser power on one side of the deposited layers to the laser emitters on two sides, the laser powers of the laser emitters on the two sides are regulated in real time, and the surface forming defect caused by inconsistent temperature on two sides of the center line of the welding gun or wire feeding eccentricity during material adding is improved; if the infiltration angle at two sides of the deposition layer is smaller than the pre-deposition infiltration angle, the feedback adjusting device outputs a signal for improving the laser power at two sides to the laser emitter, otherwise, outputs a signal for reducing the laser power at two sides to the laser emitter, adjusts the laser power of the laser emitters at two sides in real time, and improves the defects of insufficient material infiltration and poor direct layer-layer combination caused by insufficient edge heat input during material addition.

Step three: returning to the initial position, and lifting the welding gun to a certain height.

Step four: repeating the operation of the second step and the third step, and continuously and circularly depositing to obtain the required component.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) Compared with the prior art, the method changes the solidification mode and the wetting angle of the deposition layer by locally presetting the temperature gradient before the additive manufacturing, is beneficial to spreading the deposition layer to two sides, increases the deposition width of the deposition layer, has a flat surface and is beneficial to the accumulation of the subsequent deposition layer.

(2) Compared with the prior art, the invention supplements the problem of insufficient heat input at the two side edges of the deposition layer by locally presetting the temperature gradient, increases the mobility of a molten pool and the wettability of the molten pool and the deposited part, eliminates the undercut defect of the deposition layer, and improves the bonding performance between the deposition layer and the layer.

(3) Compared with the prior art, the invention improves the energy utilization rate by locally presetting the temperature gradient, and simultaneously realizes the accurate regulation and control of the temperature field by utilizing the accurate action position of the linear laser heat source.

(4) Compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the feedback adjusting device to adjust the laser power of the laser transmitters at two sides in real time according to the surface profile information of the deposition layer detected by the structured light camera, controls the preset temperature gradient of the laser heating devices at two sides, improves the uneven defects of the interlayer and side profile in the additive manufacturing process, and obtains the deposition layer with flat surface and good forming.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for improving the performance and dimensions of a deposit layer tissue during arc additive manufacturing, using a coaxial wire feed.

Fig. 2 is a connection device, wherein the connection block, the M10 long screw and the YOZ plane positioning device are sequentially connected through bolts. The connecting block is connected with the welding gun, synchronous movement of the welding gun and the laser heating devices on the two sides is realized, and the YOZ plane positioning device is connected with the laser heating devices on the two sides, so that adjustment of heating widths on the two sides of the laser is realized. The M10 long screw is connected with the connecting block, so that the position adjustment of the welding gun and the laser connecting devices on two sides in the X-axis movement direction is realized.

In the figure: 1. a welding gun; 2. a feedback adjustment device; 3. a wire feeder; 4. two side laser heating devices; 5. the connecting device comprises: 5-1, connecting blocks; 5-2, M10 long screw rods; 5-3, a YOZ positioning device; 6. a structured light camera; 7. a gas cylinder; 8. a welding power supply; 9. a laser emitter; 10. a substrate.

FIG. 3 is a predetermined deposition layer profile.

Fig. 4 is a graph of predicted pre-set temperature field front-to-back droplet conditions and temperature field distribution.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the content, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are set forth to illustrate, together with the drawings, the following detailed description of which:

the basic idea of the invention is that: firstly, a temperature field with high two sides and low middle is preset in a region to be deposited by utilizing a bilateral laser heating device before additive manufacturing, so that the solidification mode and the wetting angle of a deposited layer are changed, the deposited layer is favorably spread to the two sides, the deposited width of the deposited layer is increased, the surface of the deposited layer is flat, and the subsequent deposition of the deposited layer is favorably realized. Secondly, according to the information extracted from the structured light camera and transmitted to the feedback regulating device to be compared with the pre-deposited surface morphology, the obtained information is used as a control signal to control the transmitting power of the laser transmitters at two sides, so that the purposes of improving the defect of poor direct combination of layers due to insufficient heat input at the edges and the defect of surface forming caused by inconsistent temperature at two sides of the central line of a welding gun or wire feeding eccentricity of the layers during material adding are achieved, and the closed-loop control of the forming of the deposited layers is realized.

As shown in fig. 1-2, an apparatus for controlling shaping and improving tissue properties in an arc additive manufacturing process, comprising: the device comprises additive manufacturing equipment, a connecting device 5, a double-sided laser heating device 4, a laser emitter 9, a structured light camera 6 and a feedback adjusting device 2; the additive manufacturing equipment comprises a welding gun 1, a welding power supply 8, a gas cylinder 7 and a wire feeder 3;

in the arc additive manufacturing process, a structured light camera 6 is arranged at the side part of the welding gun 1, the structured light camera 6 and the double-side laser heating device 4 are connected into a whole by a connecting device 5, and the whole is positioned in front of the welding gun 1 for a certain distance and moves along with the welding gun 1 at the same time. The positions of the laser heating devices 4 on two sides, the welding gun 1 and the heating area are adjusted by adjusting the connecting device 5;

during the arc additive manufacturing process, the heat source of the double-sided laser heating device 4 is provided by a welding power source 8 connected with the welding gun 1 and a laser emitter 9 connected with the double-sided laser heating device 4; the wire feeder 3 is connected with the welding gun 1 through a wire feeder connecting plate, so that the welding gun 1 and the wire feeder 3 synchronously move;

the welding gun 1 is also connected with a gas cylinder 7; the feedback adjustment device 2 is connected to a structured light camera 6 and a two-sided laser transmitter 9.

The connecting device 5 comprises a long screw 5-2 of the connecting blocks 5-1 and M10 and a YOZ plane positioning device 5-3; the connecting block 5-1 is fixed on the welding gun 1 and is used as a reference structural member for positioning the relative positions of the laser heating devices 4 on two sides and the welding gun 1; the welding gun 1, the connecting block 5-1, the M10 long screw 5-2, the YOZ plane positioning device 5-3 and the laser heating devices 4 on two sides are connected in sequence through bolts.

As shown in fig. 3, the positions of the laser heating devices 4 on both sides are adjusted by adjusting the connecting device 5 to be positioned at the welding gun 1, and the laser irradiation positions are positioned at the edges of the region to be additive deposited. Before the additive deposition, heating the edge of the deposition area to be added, so that a preset temperature gradient with high temperature at two sides and low temperature at the middle exists at the edge of the deposition area to be added, the solidification mode of the deposition layer and the wetting angle of the deposition layer are changed, the width of the deposition layer is increased, the surface is smooth, the control of forming a formed part is realized, and meanwhile, the laser heating at two sides also plays a role in preheating the whole substrate, so that the tissue performance of the deposition layer is improved.

The laser light emitted from the laser emitter 9 is line laser light, and as the laser power emitted from the laser emitter 9 increases, the temperature of the heating region by the laser heating devices 4 on both sides increases. According to the relation among laser power, travelling speed and temperature and the used additive materials, the laser power is selected before additive manufacturing, and the edge of the area to be deposited is heated to form a preset temperature gradient with low middle and high two sides.

The structured light camera 6 is clamped at the rear side of the welding gun 1 and is matched with the optical filter to detect the profile information of the surface of the deposit layer; according to the surface profile information of the deposition layer detected by the structured light camera 6, the laser power of the laser transmitters 9 at the two sides is adjusted in real time, the preset temperature gradient of the laser heating devices at the two sides is controlled, the defects of uneven interlayer and side profile in the additive manufacturing process are improved, and the deposition layer with a flat surface and good formation is obtained.

The surface profile information extracted from the structured light camera 6 is transmitted to the feedback regulating device 2, and compared with the pre-deposited surface profile, the information obtained by comparison is used as a control signal to control the transmitting power of the laser transmitter 9, so that the purposes of improving the defects of poor direct layer-to-layer combination and the defects of surface forming caused by inconsistent temperature at two sides of the center line of a welding gun or wire feeding eccentricity due to insufficient heat input of the edge during material adding are achieved.

When the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 5-80W/(m.K), the power of the laser is 200-400W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 80-300W/(m.K), the power of the laser is 400-1000W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 300-500W/(m.K), the power of the laser is 600-1200W.

The temperature range which can be adjusted by the laser heating devices 4 at the two sides is 50-1200 ℃.

The welding wire of the welding gun 1 is stainless steel, aluminum alloy, carbon steel, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy or nickel alloy.

The method of implementing the device comprises the steps of,

step one: the connecting device 5 is adjusted to enable the line lasers of the laser heating devices 4 on the two sides to be at the position 1mm inside the edge of the required deposition layer, and after the positioning is finished, the connecting device is fastened, so that the laser heating devices 4 on the two sides and the welding gun 1 can keep synchronous relative movement.

Step two: after the laser heating devices 4 on the two sides are started, the material adding device is started, and the laser heating devices 4 on the two sides are relatively in front of the welding gun 1, and the temperature field of the substrate is preset. The welding gun 1, the connecting device 5, the laser heating devices 4 on two sides and the welding power supply 8 cooperatively move to perform additive manufacturing to obtain a formed deposition layer; according to the surface profile information of the deposition layer detected by the structured light camera, comparing the surface profile information with the surface profile of the deposition layer preset in the feedback adjusting device:

if the situation that the deposited layers on two sides of the center line of the welding gun are asymmetric and one side is more and the other side is less is found, the feedback regulating device outputs a signal for improving the laser power on one side of the deposited layers and reducing the laser power on one side of the deposited layers to the laser emitters on two sides, the laser powers of the laser emitters on the two sides are regulated in real time, and the surface forming defect caused by inconsistent temperature on two sides of the center line of the welding gun or wire feeding eccentricity during material adding is improved;

if the infiltration angle at two sides of the deposition layer is smaller than the pre-deposition infiltration angle, the feedback adjusting device outputs a signal for improving the laser power at two sides to the laser emitter, otherwise, outputs a signal for reducing the laser power at two sides to the laser emitter, adjusts the laser power of the laser emitters at two sides in real time, and improves the defects of insufficient material infiltration and poor direct layer-layer combination caused by insufficient edge heat input during material addition.

Step three: returning to the initial position, and lifting the welding gun to a certain height.

Step four: repeating the operation of the second step and the third step, and continuously and circularly depositing to obtain the required component.

Example 1:

taking an example of manufacturing an aluminum alloy thin-wall part with a deposition layer width of 4mm in an MIG material adding mode, connecting an material adding device as shown in fig. 1, adopting a coaxial wire feeding mode, adopting a welding power supply for arc material adding manufacturing as a Miller welding machine, using a three-dimensional movement mechanism to drive an MIG welding gun to move, and adopting laser emitted by a laser as line laser, wherein the specific steps are as follows:

step one: polishing the surface of a 5A06 aluminum alloy substrate by using sand paper, removing an oxide film on the surface, placing the substrate on the surface of a workbench, and adjusting the relative positions of a MIG welding gun and an additive substrate through a three-dimensional motion mechanism controller to enable the MIG welding gun and the additive substrate to be positioned at a position 6mm above the substrate;

step two: firstly, adjusting M10 long screws to enable two side laser heating devices to be located at a position 10mm away from a MIG welding gun in the X direction, then adjusting YOZ plane positioning devices to enable the two side laser heating devices to be symmetrical relative to the center of the MIG welding gun, enabling line lasers of the two side laser heating devices to be located at a position 1.5mm away from the Y direction of the center line of the MIG welding gun, and fastening the connecting device after positioning is finished.

Step three: and (3) placing ER4043 aluminum alloy wires into a wire feeder, turning on a power supply of the wire feeder, setting the wire feeding speed to be 3m/min, and setting the protective air flow to be 15L/min. Firstly, turning on a laser, adjusting the laser emission power to 600W, then turning on a Miller welder, selecting alternating current, and setting the welding current to be 130A; starting a wire feeder and an MIG power supply, running according to a pre-edited program, and starting MIG additive manufacturing;

step four: according to the surface profile information of the deposition layer detected by the structured light camera, comparing the surface profile information with the surface profile of the deposition layer preset in the feedback adjusting device: if the situation that the deposited layers on two sides of the center line of the welding gun are asymmetric and one side is more and the other side is less is found, the feedback regulating device outputs a signal for improving the laser power on one side of less of the deposited layers and reducing the laser power on one side of more of the deposited layers to the laser transmitters on two sides, and the laser powers of the laser transmitters on the two sides are regulated in real time; if the infiltration angle of the two sides of the deposition layer is smaller than the pre-deposition infiltration angle, the feedback adjusting device outputs a signal for improving the laser power of the two sides to the laser emitter, otherwise, outputs a signal for reducing the laser power of the two sides to the laser emitter, and adjusts the laser power of the laser emitters of the two sides in real time.

Step five: as described above, the unidirectional cladding deposition was performed to obtain a thin-walled member having a deposition layer width of 4 mm.

Fig. 4 shows a plot of predicted pre-set temperature field front-to-back droplet conditions and temperature field profiles.

Claims (10)

1. An apparatus for controlling shaping and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing, characterized in that: comprises additive manufacturing equipment, a connecting device (5), a double-sided laser heating device (4), a laser emitter (9), a structured light camera (6) and a feedback adjusting device (2); the additive manufacturing equipment comprises a welding gun (1), a welding power supply (8), a gas cylinder (7) and a wire feeder (3);

in the arc additive manufacturing process, a structured light camera (6) is arranged at the side part of a welding gun (1), the structured light camera (6) and the bilateral laser heating devices (4) are connected into a whole by a connecting device (5), and the whole is positioned in front of the welding gun (1) for a certain distance and moves along with the welding gun (1) at the same time; the positions of the laser heating devices (4) at two sides, the welding gun (1) and the heating area are adjusted by adjusting the connecting device (5);

in the arc additive manufacturing process, a heat source of the fuse additive is provided by a welding power supply (8) connected with a welding gun (1) and a laser emitter (9) connected with a double-side laser heating device (4); the wire feeder (3) is connected with the welding gun (1) through a wire feeder connecting plate, so that the welding gun (1) and the wire feeder (3) synchronously move;

the welding gun (1) is also connected with a gas cylinder (7); the feedback adjusting device (2) is connected with the structured light camera (6) and the laser transmitters (9) at the two sides.

2. The apparatus for controlling formation and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein: the connecting device (5) comprises a connecting block (5-1), a long screw (5-2) of M10 and a YOZ plane positioning device (5-3); the connecting block (5-1) is fixed on the welding gun (1) and is used as a reference structural member for positioning the relative positions of the laser heating devices (4) on two sides and the welding gun (1); the welding gun (1), the connecting block (5-1), the M10 long screw (5-2), the YOZ plane positioning device (5-3) and the laser heating devices (4) on two sides are sequentially connected through bolts.

3. The apparatus for controlling formation and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein: the positions of the laser heating devices (4) at the two sides are adjusted to be positioned at the welding gun (1) through the adjusting connecting device (5), and the laser irradiation positions are positioned at the edge of the to-be-added material deposition area; before the additive deposition, heating the edge of the deposition area to be added, so that a preset temperature gradient with high temperature at two sides and low temperature at the middle exists at the edge of the deposition area to be added, the solidification mode of the deposition layer and the wetting angle of the deposition layer are changed, the width of the deposition layer is increased, the surface is smooth, the control of forming a formed part is realized, and meanwhile, the laser heating at two sides also plays a role in preheating the whole substrate, so that the tissue performance of the deposition layer is improved.

4. The apparatus for controlling formation and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein: the laser emitted by the laser emitter (9) is linear laser, and along with the increase of the laser power emitted by the laser emitter (9), the temperature of the heating area by the laser heating devices (4) at two sides is also increased; according to the relation among laser power, travelling speed and temperature and the used additive materials, the laser power is selected before additive manufacturing, and the edge of the area to be deposited is heated to form a preset temperature gradient with low middle and high two sides.

5. The apparatus for controlling formation and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein: the structured light camera (6) is clamped at the rear side of the welding gun (1) and is matched with the optical filter to detect the profile and morphology information of the surface of the deposit layer; according to the surface profile information of the deposition layer detected by the structured light camera (6), laser power of laser transmitters (9) at two sides is adjusted in real time, the preset temperature gradient of the laser heating devices at two sides is controlled, the defects of uneven interlayer and side profile in the additive manufacturing process are improved, the deposition layer with a smooth surface and good forming is obtained.

6. The apparatus for controlling formation and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein: the surface profile information extracted from the structured light camera (6) is transmitted to the feedback regulating device (2), and compared with the pre-deposited surface profile, the information obtained by comparison is used as a control signal to control the transmitting power of the laser transmitter (9), so that the purposes of improving the defects of poor material infiltration caused by insufficient edge heat input and poor direct layer-layer combination and the defects of surface forming caused by inconsistent temperature at two sides of the center line of a welding gun or wire feeding eccentricity during material addition are achieved.

7. The apparatus for controlling formation and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein: when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 5-80W/(m.K), the power of the laser is 200-400W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 80-300W/(m.K), the power of the laser is 400-1000W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 300-500W/(m.K), the power of the laser is 600-1200W.

8. The apparatus for controlling formation and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein: the temperature range which can be regulated by the laser heating devices (4) at the two sides is 50-1200 ℃.

9. The apparatus for controlling formation and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein: the welding wire of the welding gun (1) is stainless steel, aluminum alloy, carbon steel, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy or nickel alloy.

10. An apparatus for controlling shaping and improving performance in arc additive manufacturing according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein: the method of implementing the device comprises the steps of,

step one: the connecting device (5) is adjusted to enable the line lasers of the laser heating devices (4) at the two sides to be at the position 1mm inside the edge of the required deposition layer, and the connecting device is fastened after the positioning is finished, so that the laser heating devices (4) at the two sides and the welding gun (1) can keep synchronous relative movement;

step two: starting the laser heating devices (4) at two sides, starting the material adding device, and presetting a temperature field of the substrate before the laser heating devices (4) at two sides are opposite to the front of the welding gun (1); the welding gun (1), the connecting device (5), the laser heating devices (4) at two sides and the welding power supply (8) cooperatively move to perform additive manufacturing to obtain a formed deposition layer; according to the surface profile information of the deposition layer detected by the structured light camera, comparing the surface profile information with the surface profile of the deposition layer preset in the feedback adjusting device:

if the situation that the deposited layers on two sides of the center line of the welding gun are asymmetric and one side is more and the other side is less is found, the feedback regulating device outputs a signal for improving the laser power on one side of the deposited layers and reducing the laser power on one side of the deposited layers to the laser emitters on two sides, the laser powers of the laser emitters on the two sides are regulated in real time, and the surface forming defect caused by inconsistent temperature on two sides of the center line of the welding gun or wire feeding eccentricity during material adding is improved;

if the infiltration angle at two sides of the deposition layer is smaller than the pre-deposition infiltration angle, the feedback regulating device outputs a signal for improving the laser power at two sides to the laser emitter, otherwise, outputs a signal for reducing the laser power at two sides to the laser emitter, regulates the laser power of the laser emitter at two sides in real time, and improves the defects of insufficient material infiltration and poor direct layer-layer combination caused by insufficient edge heat input during material addition;

step three: returning to the initial position, and lifting the welding gun to a certain height;

step four: repeating the operation of the second step and the third step, and continuously and circularly depositing to obtain the required component.

Images