CN116194497A - 用于锂离子电池的不饱和添加剂 - Google Patents
用于锂离子电池的不饱和添加剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116194497A CN116194497A CN202180055914.6A CN202180055914A CN116194497A CN 116194497 A CN116194497 A CN 116194497A CN 202180055914 A CN202180055914 A CN 202180055914A CN 116194497 A CN116194497 A CN 116194497A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- ltoreq
- phosphate
- lithium
- bis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 51
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005684 open-chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- KZXWMBVUXKPDKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4-trifluorophenyl) dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=C(F)C(F)=C1F KZXWMBVUXKPDKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ODRIPSVFAXJWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorophenyl) diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ODRIPSVFAXJWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DRVMZMGCPWFDBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OCC(F)(F)F DRVMZMGCPWFDBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VPJIONCKBKEBIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fc1cc(F)cc(OP(=O)(Oc2ccccc2)Oc2ccccc2)c1 Chemical compound Fc1cc(F)cc(OP(=O)(Oc2ccccc2)Oc2ccccc2)c1 VPJIONCKBKEBIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- OTJWBQVDIAYIKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(=O)(OC1=CC=C(C=C1)F)(OC1=CC=CC=C1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound P(=O)(OC1=CC=C(C=C1)F)(OC1=CC=CC=C1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 OTJWBQVDIAYIKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- UZGIIDUEYHMUHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl phosphate Chemical compound P(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)(OC1=CC=CC=C1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 UZGIIDUEYHMUHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- AJXRTTSGWQAEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OC1=CC=CC=C1 AJXRTTSGWQAEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016087 LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910015704 LiMn0.33Co0.33Ni0.33O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WQYSXVGEZYESBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophosphoryl chloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=S WQYSXVGEZYESBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KMJJJTCKNZYTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-diethoxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCOP(Cl)(=S)OCC KMJJJTCKNZYTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PILOAHJGFSXUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F PILOAHJGFSXUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZKXDEWNLDOXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphinine Chemical group N1=PN=PN=P1 DZKXDEWNLDOXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBGPBHYPCGDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpiperidin-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCC1=O PBGPBHYPCGDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSGMIQOUTRJDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-(2-phenylphenyl)benzene Chemical group COC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NSGMIQOUTRJDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)(=O)=O YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1CNCC1 HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKQPXAWBVGCNHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexafluoro-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound FP1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=N1 DKQPXAWBVGCNHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMAWODUEPLAHOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6,8-tetrakis(ethenyl)-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetraoxatetrasilocane Chemical compound C=C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C=C)O[Si](C)(C=C)O[Si](C)(C=C)O1 VMAWODUEPLAHOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMJJNULZAQKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-bis(ethenyl)-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C=CC1CCOC(C=C)O1 AMJJNULZAQKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMUPRNXBNYRXOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethenylamino)cyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1NC=C OMUPRNXBNYRXOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULIKDJVNUXNQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propene-1-thiol Chemical compound SCC=C ULIKDJVNUXNQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSHRVVGQDSMIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3-ethenylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound NC1C(C=C)CCCC1=O MSHRVVGQDSMIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKBHSBATGOQADJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C=CC1OCCO1 KKBHSBATGOQADJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIYWYSHWDVOBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylcyclopentan-1-one Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1=O UIYWYSHWDVOBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJXJPHICGRAZGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylcyclopropan-1-one Chemical compound C=CC1CC1=O LJXJPHICGRAZGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFAKDGLOFJXMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyloxetane Chemical compound C=CC1CCO1 UFAKDGLOFJXMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCIPQLOKVXSHTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-diethoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound CCOC(C=C)OCC MCIPQLOKVXSHTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBWGMYALGNDUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound COC(OC)C=C OBWGMYALGNDUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQEQUPYYDNZIIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-bis(ethenyl)-2-methoxypyrazine Chemical compound COC1=NC=C(C=C)N=C1C=C DQEQUPYYDNZIIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKJDOCISHQPLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(ethenylamino)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound C=CNC1CCCC(=O)C1 BKJDOCISHQPLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXAAQNFGSQKPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[1,2,2-tris(prop-2-enoxy)ethoxy]prop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOC(OCC=C)C(OCC=C)OCC=C BXAAQNFGSQKPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHBSQOFPJWQQDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylazetidin-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1CNC1=O KHBSQOFPJWQQDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNZQTSBNVIITHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylaziridin-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1NC1=O QNZQTSBNVIITHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLVLWEMNALQEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylcyclobutan-1-one Chemical compound C=CC1CC(=O)C1 MLVLWEMNALQEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JORKABJLEXAPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylcyclopentan-1-one Chemical compound C=CC1CCC(=O)C1 JORKABJLEXAPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYNNOMBBKZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenyloxaziridine Chemical compound C=CC1NO1 SCYNNOMBBKZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBNINTSJLCOGLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenyloxetane Chemical compound C=CC1COC1 ZBNINTSJLCOGLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWGAIPTLBIYRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1CCNC1=O PAWGAIPTLBIYRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYIOFABFKUOIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound CC=1OC(=O)OC=1C QYIOFABFKUOIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXLAHJAJWGJIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyloxane Chemical compound C=CC1CCOCC1 IXLAHJAJWGJIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUJAAMXYEHZSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyloxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)C1 AUJAAMXYEHZSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAGOOLQYAQOYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenylpiperidin-3-one Chemical compound C=CC1CNCC(=O)C1 GAGOOLQYAQOYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JXFFHMRMZRWORR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=C)N.C1CO1 Chemical compound C(=C)N.C1CO1 JXFFHMRMZRWORR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGLKFLIDSUZGKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=C)P1(=NP(=NP(=N1)(F)F)(F)F)OC Chemical compound C(=C)P1(=NP(=NP(=N1)(F)F)(F)F)OC NGLKFLIDSUZGKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGEUBVDZCPIJGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=C)P1(=NP(=NP(=N1)(F)OC)(F)C=C)F Chemical compound C(=C)P1(=NP(=NP(=N1)(F)OC)(F)C=C)F AGEUBVDZCPIJGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHNRLUWCHNBUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=C)P1(=NP(=NP(=N1)(OC)C=C)(F)C=C)F Chemical compound C(=C)P1(=NP(=NP(=N1)(OC)C=C)(F)C=C)F OHNRLUWCHNBUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBJICDATLIMQTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(O)(O)=O.C(=C)C=CC=C Chemical compound C(O)(O)=O.C(=C)C=CC=C HBJICDATLIMQTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOFSDBBLQIXAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N COP([N]P(F)(F)=N1)N=P1(F)F Chemical compound COP([N]P(F)(F)=N1)N=P1(F)F VOFSDBBLQIXAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXBYFVGCMPJVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epoxybutene Chemical compound C=CC1CO1 GXBYFVGCMPJVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015726 LiMn0.3Co0.3Ni0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- CGOOWQRMLDWMOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N S(=O)(=O)(O)O.C(=C)C=CC=C Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)(O)O.C(=C)C=CC=C CGOOWQRMLDWMOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFUTUCNMUWBBGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N S(=O)(O)O.C(=C)C=CC=C Chemical compound S(=O)(O)O.C(=C)C=CC=C XFUTUCNMUWBBGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005336 allyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002194 amorphous carbon material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLLOZRDOFANZMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F WLLOZRDOFANZMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXUXGOZWYSJTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) carbonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZXUXGOZWYSJTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CJBYUPBUSUVUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;carbonic acid Chemical compound C=CC=C.OC(O)=O CJBYUPBUSUVUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGBRNKNLPWBBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;sulfuric acid Chemical compound C=CC=C.OS(O)(=O)=O CGBRNKNLPWBBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQYORWUWYBPJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;sulfurous acid Chemical compound C=CC=C.OS(O)=O PQYORWUWYBPJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCMXHQPWHQBAKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-prop-2-ynoxy-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound C#CCOP(=S)(O)O RCMXHQPWHQBAKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- IYNRVIKPUTZSOR-HWKANZROSA-N ethenyl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC=C IYNRVIKPUTZSOR-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFYWKOUKJFCBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC=C FFYWKOUKJFCBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC=C BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDJQBKJWCBEDAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl furan-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CO1 UDJQBKJWCBEDAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YTHRBPGWYGAQGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YTHRBPGWYGAQGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SACILZPKPGCHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SACILZPKPGCHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVERQDOCMNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ARUVERQDOCMNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIQAXIMIQJNOKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F NIQAXIMIQJNOKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(O)=O ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoridophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- GZJQAHYLPINVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F GZJQAHYLPINVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQOUFURVFJFHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WQOUFURVFJFHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(O)=O CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- UCAOGXRUJFKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-5-nitropyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 UCAOGXRUJFKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZREFDEBAZWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyloxetan-2-amine Chemical compound C=CNC1CCO1 FUZREFDEBAZWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- URUUZIAJVSGYRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxan-3-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCOC1 URUUZIAJVSGYRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHWNEBDUPVMPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxazetidine Chemical compound C1CON1 XHWNEBDUPVMPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJGALSBBFTYSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxaziridine Chemical compound C1NO1 SJGALSBBFTYSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002743 phosphorus functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SBUAYSSKTAGAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OCC#C SBUAYSSKTAGAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AYNNSCRYTDRFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazene Chemical compound NN=N AYNNSCRYTDRFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004654 triazenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDQDBOMZBXYMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-ynoxy)-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound C#CCOP(=S)(OCC#C)OCC#C RDQDBOMZBXYMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F130/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F130/02—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F138/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more carbon-to-carbon triple bonds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/12—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
- C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
- C07F9/1651—Esters of thiophosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds with further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
- C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
- C07F9/173—Esters of thiophosphoric acids with unsaturated acyclic alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
- C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
- C07F9/18—Esters of thiophosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07F9/572—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07F9/576—Six-membered rings
- C07F9/59—Hydrogenated pyridine rings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本公开内容涉及可用于锂离子电池在高温下的稳定循环和储存的磷添加剂、含有所述磷添加剂的电解质和含有所述电解质的电化学能量储存装置。包括如下的电解质:非质子有机溶剂体系;金属盐;和至少一种根据式(I)的具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂:
Description
交叉引用
本申请要求2020年8月10日提交的美国临时专利申请第63/063,656号的申请日的权益,其通过引用以其整体在此纳入。
技术领域
本公开内容涉及可用于锂离子单元电池(cell)在高温下的稳定循环和储存的硫代磷添加剂、含有所述硫代磷添加剂的电解质和含有所述电解质的电化学能量储存装置。
发明背景
锂离子电池(battery)被大量用于消费电子产品、电动车辆(EV)以及能量储存系统(ESS)和智能电网中。最近,具有在4.2V以上的电压的Li离子电池由于更高的容量和从而能量密度益处而获得了重要性。然而,阴极材料在这些电势下的稳定性由于电解质氧化增加而降低。这可能导致材料的电化学氧化而产生气体,并且这可使电池的性能恶化。能够嵌入/脱嵌锂离子的阴极活性材料可溶解在非水性电解质中,导致阴极的结构分解,并且将导致界面电阻增加。这些Li离子电池在它们的运行期间通常还暴露于极端温度。在阳极上形成的SEI(固体电解质界面(Solid Electrolyte Interface))层在高温下逐渐分解,并因此导致更加不可逆的反应,造成容量损失。这些反应在循环期间发生在正电极和负电极上,但在更高的温度下由于更快的动力学而一般更加严重。相对于Li离子电池的当前现有技术,在消费电子产品、EV和ESS中使用的下一代Li离子电池将需要在电解质组分上的显著改进。
正离子和负离子在电池电极之间的穿梭是电解质的主要功能。历史上,研究人员专注于开发电池电极,而电解质开发受到限制。传统的Li离子电池使用具有大电化学窗口的基于碳酸酯的电解质,其可传输锂离子。这些电解质需要功能添加剂来钝化阳极并形成稳定的SEI层。同时,需要设计和开发允许高压Li离子电池在高温下稳定和安全循环的添加剂。
随着工业朝着用于更高能量电池的更高能量阴极材料发展,电池在宽电压窗口中的稳定、高效和安全循环是必要的。Li离子电池电解质可基于它们的应用通过添加不同的共溶剂和添加剂来调节。这种可调节性(tunability)使得能够开发用于Li离子电池的高压稳定性和安全性的不同的添加剂。高压锂离子电池电解质开发的另一方面是设计和优化用于在升高的温度下稳定循环的添加剂,因为现今的电池具有其中电池暴露于不同的温度和压力条件的各种应用。对阳极SEI成型(SEI forming)添加剂进行了广泛研究,但使用不同阴极添加剂的相互作用和益处报道地较不频繁,但可导致电池性能的显著变化。
电池阴极材料开发已经使得电池可被充电至高压。通过将它们充电至更高的电压可显著增加电池的能量密度,从而使得每单次充电的电池寿命更长。在实践中,这可导致EV的更长的行驶里程和电子设备的更长的电池寿命,并减小ESS中使用的电池包的尺寸和重量。为跟上这一发展,电池电解质需要功能性添加剂来延长(extend,扩展)常规液体电解质的电压稳定性。在高温下、尤其是在100%SOC下储存的具有高压阴极的Li离子电池由于电解质分解而产生大量气体。这是电解质组分与电极材料反应的结果,并且当储存锂离子电池时,大量气体产生是严重的安全风险。因此,需要开发和优化可减少气体产生并因此改善锂离子电池的高温储存特性的电解质配制物(formulation,配方)。为实现这一点,需要设计和开发允许高压Li离子电池在高温下稳定且安全地循环和储存的添加剂。
Shenzhen Capchem的美国专利第10497975B2号和美国专利申请第20180076483A1和20190089000A1号证明了炔丙基磷酸酯在锂离子电池电解质中的用途。它们声称改善高温循环性能和低温速率(rate,倍率)性能。然而,硫代磷酸酯在现有技术中不被认为是电解质添加剂。
发明内容
根据本公开内容的一个方面,提供用于电化学能量储存装置的电解质,所述电解质包括:硫代磷酸酯添加剂,如具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂;非质子有机溶剂体系;金属盐;和至少一种另外的添加剂。
根据本公开内容的另一方面,提供用于电化学能量储存装置的电解质,所述电解质包括:具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂;非质子有机溶剂体系;金属盐;和至少一种另外的添加剂;其中所述具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂具有至少一个磷部分和一个硫部分。
根据本公开内容的另一方面,提供用于电化学能量储存装置的电解质,所述电解质包括:具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂;非质子有机溶剂体系;金属盐;和至少一种另外的添加剂;其中所述非质子有机溶剂包括开链或环状的碳酸酯、羧酸酯、亚硝酸酯、醚、砜、亚砜、酮、内酯、二氧戊环、甘醇二甲醚、冠醚、硅氧烷、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、单磷腈或聚磷腈或其混合物。
根据本公开内容的另一方面,提供用于电化学能量储存装置的电解质,所述电解质包括:具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂;非质子有机溶剂体系;金属盐;和至少一种另外的添加剂;其中所述金属盐的阳离子含有锂、钠、铝或镁。
根据本公开内容的另一方面,提供电化学能量储存装置电解质,其包括:
a)非质子有机溶剂体系;
b)金属盐;和
c)至少一种根据下式的具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂:
其中:
Y为氧或硫;
X独立地为氧或硫,条件是如果Y为氧,则至少一个X为硫;
R3选自具有1至10个碳原子、具有不饱和端基的烃基;
R1和R2为R3;或
R1和R2独立地为C1-C10取代或未取代的烷基或芳基;其中氢原子可未被取代或可为卤素、烷基、烷氧基、全氟烷基、硅烷基、硅烷氧基、硅烷、亚砜、酰胺、偶氮、醚和硫醚基团或其组合。
根据本公开内容的另一方面,提供电化学能量储存装置,其包括:阴极;阳极;根据本公开内容的电解质;和隔板。
根据本公开内容的另一方面,提供用于电化学能量储存装置的电解质,所述电解质包括:具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂;非质子有机溶剂体系;金属盐;和至少一种另外的添加剂;其中所述另外的添加剂包含:含有至少一个不饱和碳-碳键的化合物、羧酸酐、含硫化合物、含磷化合物、含硼化合物、含硅化合物或其混合物。
附图说明
图1显示了在NMC811/Si-Gr单元电池中测试的电解质的dQ/dV曲线;
图2显示了在NMC811/Gr单元电池中测试的电解质的dQ/dV曲线;和
图3显示了在充电和放电循环期间单元电池的循环寿命特性。
具体实施方式
所公开的技术总体上涉及锂离子(Li离子)电池电解质。在一个实施方案中,本公开内容涉及具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂、含有所述添加剂材料的电解质和含有所述电解质的电化学能量储存装置。
本公开内容描述了具有电解质添加剂的Li离子电池电解质,其可克服Li离子电池(特别是在高压下操作的那些)中的高温稳定性挑战。现有技术的Li离子电池电解质针对室温应用进行调节,并且研究人员最近已开始通过使用安全的共溶剂和添加剂来关注电池的安全性。需要开发这样的电解质溶液:其用于在升高的温度下具有高压阴极的Li离子单元电池的循环。所提出的技术是基于在磷基团(如硫代磷酸酯官能团)上含有不饱和端基的新颖电解质添加剂,其可改善在高温运行期间高压阴极的稳定性。当以低重量负载使用时,所述电解质添加剂形成独特的电极电解质界面(EEI),但不过度钝化阳极。
在一个实施方案中,具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯化合物作为根据本公开内容的电解质添加剂而公开。这些具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂在有机溶剂中具有高溶解度。具有这些添加剂的电解质具有高离子电导率,并且适合用作用于电化学装置、特别是Li离子电池的电解质。根据本公开内容的添加剂的合适的量包括0.001重量%至25重量%,以赋予所述电解质必要的性质,从而增强电化学装置、特别是锂离子电池的性能。
不饱和端基如烯丙基、炔丙基和乙烯基有助于电极表面的聚合,从而增加电阻。这在电极表面上形成膜或网状物,并因此改善了长期性能。所述膜防止电解质-电极反应,这导致在高温储存和循环运行期间较低的气体产生。具有所有三个末端不饱和基团的化合物具有非常高的电阻,因此添加了烷氧基或芳氧基取代基。在烯丙基、炔丙基、乙烯基、苯乙烯类和丙烯酸类端基之外,这些烷氧基或芳氧基有助于优化电阻,同时保持长期性能。
在一个实施方案中,电化学能量储存装置电解质包括a)非质子有机溶剂体系;b)金属盐;c)具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂;和d)至少一种另外的添加剂。
在本公开内容的一个实施方案中,具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂的合适的分子结构如下所示:
其中
Y为氧或硫;
X独立地为氧或硫,条件是如果Y为氧,则至少一个X为硫;
R3选自具有1至10个碳原子、具有不饱和端基的烃基;
R1和R2为R3;或
R1和R2独立地为C1-C10取代或未取代的烷基或芳基;其中氢原子可未被取代或可为卤素、烷基、烷氧基、全氟烷基、硅烷基、硅烷氧基、硅烷、亚砜、酰胺、偶氮、醚和硫醚基团或其组合。
所述不饱和端基可选自烯基和炔基,如烯丙基、炔丙基和乙烯基;苯乙烯类和丙烯酸类基团,或其组合。
在另一实施方案中,提供包括具有不饱和端基的添加剂的电解质,其中所述不饱和端基是连接到骨架的侧基,其中所述骨架是以下中的至少一种:硫代磷酸酯化合物、三氮烯分子、磷腈分子和具有选自氮阳离子部分、磷阳离子部分和硫阳离子部分的阳离子部分的离子液体。
在另一实施方案中,所述不饱和端基连接到选自以下中的至少一种的骨架上:硫代磷酸酯、三氮烯、磷腈和具有选自氮阳离子部分、磷阳离子部分和硫阳离子部分的阳离子部分的离子液体。
在另一实施方案中,根据本公开内容的离子液体的阴离子包括但不限于:卤根(halide,卤离子)(例如Cl、Br)、硝酸根(例如NO3)、磷酸根(例如PF6、TFOP)、酰亚胺(例如TFSI、BETI)、硼酸根(例如BOB、BF4)、铝酸根、砷酸根(arsenide)、氰酸根(cyanide)、硫氰酸根、亚硝酸根、苯甲酸根、碳酸根、氯酸根、亚氯酸根、铬酸根、硫酸根、亚硫酸根、硅酸根、硫代硫酸根或氢氧化物。
在另一实施方案中,所述具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂以0.001重量%至25重量%的范围存在于所述电解质中。
本公开内容包括用于合成具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂的方法,以及此类分子在锂离子电池电解质中的用途。这些分子在较高的操作温度下赋予电解质更大的稳定性。
在本公开内容的一个实施方案中,所述电解质进一步包括10重量%至30重量%范围内的锂盐。可使用各种锂盐,包括例如Li(AsF6);Li(PF6);Li(CF3CO2);Li(C2F5CO2);Li(CF3SO3);Li[N(CP3SO2)2];Li[C(CF3SO2)3];Li[N(SO2C2F5)2];Li(ClO4);Li(BF4);Li(PO2F2);Li[PF2(C2O4)2];Li[PF4C2O4];烷基氟磷酸锂;Li[B(C2O4)2];Li[BF2C2O4];Li2[B12Z12-jHj];Li2[B10X1o-j’Hj’];或其任意两种或更多种的混合物,其中Z在每次出现时独立地为卤素,j为0至12的整数,并且j’为1至10的整数。
在本公开内容的一个实施方案中,所述电解质进一步包括60重量%至90重量%范围内的选自如下的非质子有机溶剂:开链或环状的碳酸酯、羧酸酯、亚硝酸酯、醚、砜、亚砜、酮、内酯、二氧戊环、甘醇二甲醚、冠醚、硅氧烷、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、单磷腈或聚磷腈或其混合物。
用于产生电解质的非质子溶剂的实例包括但不限于:碳酸二甲酯,碳酸甲乙酯,碳酸二乙酯,碳酸甲丙酯,碳酸乙丙酯,碳酸二丙酯,碳酸亚丙酯,碳酸亚乙酯,碳酸氟代亚乙酯,碳酸双(三氟乙基)酯,碳酸双(五氟丙基)酯,三氟乙基甲基碳酸酯,五氟乙基甲基碳酸酯,七氟丙基甲基碳酸酯,全氟丁基甲基碳酸酯,三氟乙基乙基碳酸酯,五氟乙基乙基碳酸酯,七氟丙基乙基碳酸酯,全氟丁基乙基碳酸酯等,氟化低聚物,丙酸甲酯,丙酸乙酯,丙酸丁酯,二甲氧基乙烷,三甘醇二甲醚,碳酸二甲基亚乙烯基酯,四乙二醇,二甲醚,聚乙二醇,磷酸三苯酯,磷酸三丁酯,六氟环三磷腈,2-乙氧基-2,4,4,6,6-五氟-1,3,5,2-5,4-5,6-5三氮杂三膦,亚磷酸三苯酯,环丁砜,二甲亚砜,乙基甲基砜,乙基乙烯基砜,烯丙基甲基砜,二乙烯基砜,氟苯基甲基砜和γ-丁内酯。
在本公开内容的一个实施方案中,所述电解质进一步包括至少一种另外的添加剂以保护电极和电解质免于降解。因此,本技术的电解质可包括在电极表面上还原或聚合以在所述电极表面上形成钝化膜的添加剂。在一些实施方案中,本技术的电解质进一步包括两种类型的添加剂的混合物。
在一个实施方案中,添加剂是包括至少一个氧原子和至少一个芳基、烯基或炔基的取代的或未取代的线型、支化的或环状的烃。由这种添加剂形成的钝化膜也可由取代的芳基化合物或取代的或未取代的杂芳基化合物形成,其中所述添加剂包括至少一个氧原子。
代表性的添加剂包括乙二醛双(二烯丙基缩醛)、四(乙二醇)二乙烯基醚、1,3,5-三烯丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、1,3,5,7-四乙烯基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷、2,4,6-三烯丙氧基-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,2-二乙烯基糠酸酯、1,3-丁二烯碳酸酯、1-乙烯基氮杂环丁烷(azetidin)-2-酮、1-乙烯基氮杂环丙烷(aziridin)-2-酮、1-乙烯基哌啶-2-酮、1-乙烯基吡咯烷-2-酮、2,4-二乙烯基-1,3-二噁烷、2-氨基-3-乙烯基环己酮、2-氨基-3-乙烯基环丙酮、2-氨基-4-乙烯基环丁酮、2-氨基-5-乙烯基环戊酮、2-芳氧基-环丙酮,2-乙烯基-[1,2]氧氮杂环丁烷(oxazetidine)、2-乙烯基氨基环己醇、2-乙烯基氨基环丙酮、2-乙烯基氧杂环丁烷(oxetane)、2-乙烯基氧基-环丙酮、3-(N-乙烯基氨基)环己酮、3,5-二乙烯基糠酸酯、3-乙烯基氮杂环丁烷-2-酮、3-乙烯基氮杂环丙烷-2-酮、3-乙烯基环丁酮、3-乙烯基环戊酮、3-乙烯基氧氮杂环丙烷(oxaziridine)、3-乙烯基氧杂环丁烷、3-乙烯基吡咯烷-2-酮、2-乙烯基-1,3-二氧戊环、丙烯醛二乙缩醛、丙烯醛二甲缩醛、4,4-二乙烯基-3-二氧戊环-2-酮、4-乙烯基四氢吡喃、5-乙烯基哌啶-3-酮、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、环氧丁烷(butadiene monoxide,丁二烯一氧化物)、丁基-乙烯基-醚、二氢吡喃-3-酮、二乙烯基丁基碳酸酯、碳酸二乙烯基酯、巴豆酸二乙烯基酯、二乙烯基醚、二乙烯基亚乙基碳酸酯、二乙烯基亚乙基硅酸酯、1,3-丙烷磺内酯、1,3-丙烯磺内酯、二乙烯基亚乙基硫酸酯、二乙烯基亚乙基亚硫酸酯、二乙烯基甲氧基吡嗪、磷酸二乙烯基甲基酯、二乙烯基亚丙基碳酸酯、磷酸乙酯、甲氧基邻三联苯、磷酸甲酯、氧杂环丁烷-2-基-乙烯基胺、环氧乙烷基乙烯基胺、碳酸乙烯基酯、巴豆酸乙烯基酯、乙烯基环戊酮、乙烯基乙基2-糠酸酯、乙烯基亚乙基碳酸酯、4-氟-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮、乙烯基亚乙基硅酸酯、乙烯基亚乙基硫酸酯、乙烯基亚乙基亚硫酸酯、甲基丙烯酸乙烯基酯、磷酸乙烯基酯、2-糠酸乙烯基酯、乙烯基环丙酮、乙烯基环氧乙烷、β-乙烯基-γ-丁内酯、或其任意两种或更多种的混合物。在一些实施方案中,添加剂可为被F、烷氧基、烯氧基、芳氧基、甲氧基、烯丙氧基或其组合取代的环三磷腈。例如,所述添加剂可为(二乙烯基)-(甲氧基)(三氟)环三磷腈、(三乙烯基)(二氟)(甲氧基)环三磷腈、(乙烯基)(甲氧基)(四氟)环三磷腈、(芳氧基)(四氟)(甲氧基)环三磷腈、或(二芳氧基)(三氟)(甲氧基)环三磷腈化合物、或两种或更多种此类化合物的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,所述添加剂是含硫化合物、含磷化合物、含硼化合物、含硅化合物、含氟化合物、含氮化合物、含有至少一个不饱和碳-碳键的化合物、羧酸酐或其混合物。在一些实施方案中,所述添加剂是碳酸乙烯基酯、乙烯基亚乙基碳酸酯、或任意两种或更多种此类化合物的混合物。此外,所述添加剂以0.01重量%至10重量%的范围存在。
在一些实施方案中,所述添加剂是完全或部分卤代的磷酸酯化合物、离子液体或其混合物。卤代的磷酸酯可包括4-氟苯基二苯基磷酸酯、3,5-二氟苯基二苯基磷酸酯、4-氯苯基二苯基磷酸酯、三氟苯基磷酸酯、七氟丁基二苯基磷酸酯、三氟乙基二苯基磷酸酯、双(三氟乙基)苯基磷酸酯、和苯基双(三氟乙基)磷酸酯。离子液体可包括:三(N-乙基-N-甲基吡咯烷鎓)硫代磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、三(N-乙基-N-甲基吡咯烷鎓)磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、三(N-乙基-N-甲基哌啶鎓)硫代磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、三(N-乙基-N-甲基哌啶鎓)磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、N-甲基-三甲基硅烷基吡咯烷鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、N-甲基-三甲基硅烷基吡咯烷鎓六氟磷酸盐。此外,所述添加剂以0.01重量%至10重量%的范围存在。
在本公开内容的另一实施方案中,提供电化学能量储存装置,其包括阴极、阳极和包括如本文中描述的离子液体的电解质。在一个实施方案中,所述电化学能量储存装置是锂二次电池。在一些实施方案中,所述二次电池是锂电池、锂离子电池、锂-硫电池、锂-空气电池、钠离子电池或镁电池。在一些实施方案中,所述电化学能量储存装置是电化学单元电池,例如电容器。在一些实施方案中,所述电容器是非对称电容器或超级电容器。在一些实施方案中,所述电化学电池是一次电池(primary cell,原电池)。在一些实施方案中,所述原电池是锂/MnO2电池或Li/聚(一氟化碳)电池。在一些实施方案中,所述电化学能量储存装置是太阳能电池。
在一个实施方案中,提供二次电池,该二次电池包括使用多孔隔板和本文中描述的电解质彼此隔开的阴极和阳极。
合适的阴极包括诸如但不限于以下的那些:锂金属氧化物、尖晶石、橄榄石、碳涂覆的橄榄石阴极,例如LiFePO4、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2、LiMn0.3Co0.3Ni0.3O2、LiMn2O4、LiFeO2、LiNixCoyMetzO2、An'B2(XO4)3(NASICON)、氧化钒、过氧化锂、硫、多硫化物、锂一氟化碳(也称为LiCFx)或其任意两种或更多种的混合物,其中Met为Al、Mg、Ti、B、Ga、Si、Mn或Co;A为Li、Ag、Cu、Na、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu或Zn;B为Ti、V、Cr、Fe或Zr;X为P、S、Si、W或Mo;并且其中0≤x≤0.3,0≤y≤0.5,且0≤z≤0.5,且0≤n1≤0.3。根据一些实施方案,所述尖晶石是具有下式的尖晶石锰氧化物:Li1+xMn2-zMet”'yO4-mX'n,其中Met”'为Al、Mg、Ti、B、Ga、Si、Ni或Co;X'为S或F;并且其中0≤x≤0.3,0≤y≤0.5,0≤z≤0.5,0≤m≤0.5,且0≤n≤0.5。在其它实施方式中,所述橄榄石具有式Li1+xFe1zMet”yPO4-mX'n,其中Met”为Mg、Ti、B、Ga、Si、Ni、Mn或Co,X'为S或F;并且其中0≤x≤0.3,0 0≤y≤0.5,0≤z≤0.5,0≤m≤0.5,且0≤n≤0.5。
合适的阳极包括诸如以下的那些:锂金属、石墨材料、无定形碳、碳纳米管、Li4Ti5O12、锡合金、硅、硅合金、金属间化合物或任意两种或更多种此类材料的混合物。合适的石墨材料包括天然石墨、人造石墨、石墨化的中间碳微球(meso-carbon microbead)(MCMB)和石墨纤维,以及任何无定形碳材料。在一些实施方案中,阳极和阴极电极通过多孔隔板彼此隔开。
用于锂电池的隔板通常是微孔聚合物膜。用于形成膜的聚合物的实例包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龙、纤维素、硝化纤维素、聚砜、聚丙烯腈、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚丁烯或任意两种或更多种此类聚合物的共聚物或共混物。在一些情况下,所述隔板是经电子束处理的微孔聚烯烃隔板。电子处理可提高所述隔板的变形温度,并且因此可增强高温下的热稳定性。附加地或替代地,所述隔板可为关断(shut-down)隔板。所述关断隔板可具有在约130℃以上的触发温度,以允许所述电化学电池在最高达约130℃的温度下操作。
以下分子结构是具有不饱和端基的合适的硫代磷酸酯化合物的实例:
此外,本公开内容将示出具体实施例。这些实施例仅是示例,并不意味着限制本公开内容或所附权利要求。
实施例A–炔丙基-二乙基硫代磷酸酯的合成
向配备有磁力搅拌棒的40mL小瓶中加入在二氯甲烷(DCM)(15mL)中的炔丙醇。通过移液管向混合物中加入三乙胺,观察到放热至31℃。在室温(RT)下搅拌的同时,通过移液管缓慢加入二乙基氯硫代磷酸酯。没有观察到放热或气体逸出。缓慢形成白色固体沉淀(三乙胺-HCl),并将混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。加入去离子(DI)水(2x 10mL)并将混合物倒入到分液漏斗中。将有机相萃取到DCM(10mL)中,分离,以MgSO4干燥,过滤,并通过旋转蒸发汽提溶剂。使油通过0.45μm GMF过滤器。收率:黄色油,6.2g,(93%)。
FTIR:3292、2983、1008、793、652cm-1。
实施例B–烯丙基-二乙基硫代磷酸酯的合成
向配备有磁力搅拌棒的40mL小瓶中加入在DCM(15mL)中的烯丙醇。通过移液管加入三乙胺,观察到混合以及放热至31℃。在室温下搅拌的同时,通过移液管缓慢加入二乙基氯硫代磷酸酯。没有观察到放热或气体逸出。缓慢形成白色固体沉淀(三乙胺-HCl),并将混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。加入去离子水(2x 10mL),并将混合物倒入到分液漏斗中。将有机相萃取到DCM(10mL)中,分离,以MgSO4干燥,过滤,并通过旋转蒸发汽提溶剂。使油通过0.45μm GMF过滤器。收率:浅黄色油状物,5.7g,(83%)。
FTIR:2983、1006、794、652cm-1。
实施例C–三(炔丙基)硫代磷酸酯的合成
向配备有磁力搅拌棒、水冷冷凝器、N2入口和热电偶的100mL的3颈烧瓶中加入在DCM(20mL)中的炔丙醇。通过移液管加入三乙胺,观察到放热至38℃。在室温下搅拌的同时,通过移液管缓慢加入硫代磷酰氯。观察到放热至46℃。缓慢形成白色固体ppt(三乙胺-HCl),并将混合物在室温下搅拌4小时。加入去离子水(2x20mL),并将混合物倒入到分液漏斗中。将有机相萃取到DCM中,分离,以MgSO4干燥,并通过旋转蒸发汽提溶剂。加入BHT的晶体以防止聚合。收率:琥珀色油,8.8g,(>99%)。在高真空下泵送所述油,并形成凝胶状ppt。使所述油通过0.45μm GMF过滤器。收率:深色粘性琥珀色油,5.6g,(69%)。
FTIR:1472、1158、1018、643cm-1。
实施例D-三(烯丙基)硫代磷酸酯的合成
向配备有磁力搅拌棒、水冷冷凝器、N2入口和热电偶的100mL的3颈烧瓶中加入在DCM(20mL)中的烯丙醇。通过移液管加入三乙胺,观察到混合以及放热至40℃。在室温下搅拌的同时,通过移液管缓慢加入硫代磷酰氯。观察到放热至46℃。缓慢形成白色固体ppt(三乙胺-HCl),并将混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。加入去离子水(2x10mL),并将混合物倒入到分液漏斗中。将有机相萃取到DCM(10mL)中,分离,以MgSO4干燥,过滤,并通过旋转蒸发汽提溶剂。收率:黄色油,13.9g,(>99%)。在高真空下泵送所述油,并形成凝胶状ppt。使油通过0.45μm GMF过滤器,并加入BHT的晶体以防止进一步聚合。收率:黄色油,7.3g,(66%)。
FTIR:2983、1006、794、652cm-1。
实施例E–三(烯丙硫基)硫代磷酸酯的合成
向配备有磁力搅拌棒、水冷冷凝器、N2入口和热电偶的100mL的3颈烧瓶中加入在DCM(70mL)中的烯丙基硫醇。通过移液管加入三乙胺,观察到放热至28℃。在室温下搅拌的同时,通过移液管将硫代磷酰氯缓慢加入到所述无色混合物。观察到放热至42℃,且快速形成白色固体ppt(三乙胺-HCl)。将混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。加入去离子水(2x30mL),并将混合物倒入到分液漏斗中。将有机相萃取到DCM中,分离,以MgSO4干燥,过滤,并通过旋转蒸发汽提溶剂。收率:黄色油,8.3g,(>99%)。在高真空下泵送所述油,并形成凝胶状ppt。使所述油通过0.45μm GMF过滤器。收率:黄色油,5.6g(68%)。
FTIR:2983、1006、794、652cm-1。
实施例F–三(丙烯酸乙酯)硫代磷酸酯的合成
向配备有磁力搅拌棒、水冷冷凝器、N2入口和热电偶的100mL的3颈烧瓶中添加在DCM(60mL)中的丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯。通过移液管加入三乙胺,观察到放热至27℃。在室温下搅拌的同时,通过注射器缓慢加入硫代磷酰氯。观察到放热至40℃,且所述无色混合物变为浅黄色。缓慢形成白色固体ppt(三乙胺-HCl),并将混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。加入去离子水(2x 20mL),并将混合物倒入到分液漏斗中。将有机相萃取到DCM中,分离,以MgSO4干燥,过滤,并通过旋转蒸发汽提溶剂。加入BHT的晶体以防止聚合。在高真空下泵送所述油,并形成凝胶状ppt。使所述油通过0.45μm GMF过滤器。收率:胶凝的琥珀色油,8.7g,(72%)。
FTIR:1721、1183、969、806、656cm-1。
实施例G–用于NMC811/Si-Gr单元电池的电解质
电解质配制物通过如下制备:在干燥的氩气填充的手套箱中,在玻璃小瓶中合并所有电解质组分并搅拌24小时,以确保盐完全溶解。将具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂加入到包含如下的基础电解质配制物:碳酸亚乙酯(“EC”)、碳酸甲乙酯(“EMC”)和碳酸二甲酯(“DMC”)的1:1:1体积比的混合物,以及溶解于其中的1M的六氟磷酸锂(“LiPF6”),LiPF6作为Li+离子传导盐。实施方案实施例1(EE1)使用根据本公开内容的代表性的示例分子。使用的电解质组分和添加剂汇总在表A中。
表A–用于NMC811/Si-Gr单元电池的电解质配制物
实施例H-NMC811/Si-Gr单元电池
将所制备的电解质配制物用作1.3Ah Li离子软包单元电池(pouch cell)中的电解质,所述Li离子软包单元电池包括NMC811阴极活性材料和作为阳极活性材料的硅-石墨(7%Si)。单元电池工作电压窗口为4.2–2.7V。在每个单元电池中,加入3.75g电解质并允许在电池中浸湿(soak)1小时。将所述电池真空密封,并初次充电,然后允许其在室温下静置10小时。然后在脱气前将电池以C/25速率充电至3.8V,后接真空密封。在脱气后,将所述电池在4.2至2.7V之间以C/10速率充电和放电两次,且结果汇总在表B中。基于第一次循环库仑效率(Coulombic Efficiency)计算初始容量损失(Initial Capacity Loss)(iCL),并且所报告的成型放电容量(formation discharge capacity)是对于成型的最后一次循环。AC-IR是在1kHz频率下测量的内阻。具有电解质EE1的电池具有显著更低的iCL值,表明在成型期间更高的可逆容量。这也与图1中的dQ/dV曲线一致,所述dQ/dV曲线显示与CE1相比,EE1在阳极上具有更早的反应。这是EE1中存在的添加剂的独特反应的结果,导致形成稳健的SEI,导致更高的可逆容量。
表B–用于NMC811/Si-Gr电池的初始电池数据
实施例I–用于NMC811/Gr单元电池的电解质
将具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂加入到包括如下的基础电解质配制物:碳酸亚乙酯(“EC”)和碳酸甲乙酯(“EMC”)的3:7重量比的混合物,以及溶解于其中的1M的六氟磷酸锂(“LiPF6”),LiPF6作为Li+离子传导盐。对比实施例2(CE2)由基础配制物和作为添加剂的碳酸亚乙烯基酯和1,3-丙烷磺内酯组成,并且实施方案实施例2和3(EE2和EE3)使用根据本公开内容的代表性的示例分子。使用的电解质组分和添加剂汇总在表C中。
表C–用于NMC811/Gr单元电池的电解质配制物
实施例J-NMC811/Gr单元电池
将所制备的电解质配制物用作1.8Ah Li离子软包电池中的电解质,所述Li离子软包电池包括NMC811阴极活性材料和作为阳极活性材料的石墨。电池工作电压窗口为4.2–2.8V。在各单元电池中,加入6g电解质并允许在单元电池中浸湿1小时。将所述电池真空密封,并允许在室温下静置24小时。然后在脱气前将电池以C/25速率充电至3.7V,后接真空密封。在脱气后,将所述电池在4.2至2.8V之间以C/10速率充电和放电两次,且结果汇总在表D中。类似于实施例G进行iCL、成型放电容量和AC-IR测量。
图2显示了具有不同电解质的电池的dQ/dV曲线,并且烯丙基硫代磷酸酯和炔丙基硫代磷酸酯分子对SEI反应的影响是明显的。两种分子均在~2.6V下反应,而具有VC和PaS的电解质在约2.75V下反应。
表D–用于NMC811/Gr单元电池的初始电池数据
电解质 | 初始容量损失(%) | 成型放电容量(Ah) | AC-IR(mΩ) |
CE2 | 15.1 | 1.77 | 13.15 |
CE3 | 14.4 | 1.77 | 13.40 |
EE2 | 15.3 | 1.76 | 13.22 |
EE3 | 15.2 | 1.77 | 13.47 |
实施例K–用于NMC811/SCN单元电池的电解质
将具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂加入到包括如下的基础电解质配制物:碳酸亚乙酯(“EC”)和碳酸甲乙酯(“EMC”)的3:7重量比的混合物,以及溶解于其中的1M的六氟磷酸锂(“LiPF6”),LiPF6作为Li+离子传导盐。对比实施例4(CE4)由基础配制物组成,且对比实施例5(CE5)由所述基础配制物与5%的碳酸氟代亚乙酯“FEC”组成。实施方案实施例4(EE4)使用根据本公开内容的代表性的示例分子。使用的电解质组分和添加剂汇总在表E中。
表E–用于NMC811/SCN电池的电解质配制物
实施例L-NMC811/SCN单元电池
将所制备的电解质配制物用作1.5Ah Li离子软包电池中的电解质,所述Li离子软包电池包括NMC811阴极活性材料和作为阳极活性材料的硅-碳纳米复合物(SCN)。电池工作电压窗口为4.2–2.8V。在每个单元电池中,加入6g电解质并允许在电池中浸湿1小时。将所述单元电池真空密封,并允许在室温下静置24小时。然后在脱气前将单元电池以C/25速率充电至3.7V,后接真空密封。在脱气后,将所述单元电池在4.2至2.8V之间以C/10速率充电和放电两次,然后在25℃下在4.2至2.8V之间以1C速率充电和放电500次。图3显示了1.5AhNMC811/SCN电池在25℃下以1C速率充电和放电循环期间的循环寿命特性。这里,显然的是,添加具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂极大地改善了NMC811/SCN单元电池相对于对比实施例的可循环性(cyclability)。与CE4和CE5相比,具有EE4的电池在500次循环后的容量保持率更高。该数据汇总在表F中。
表F-NMC811/SCN单元电池中500次循环后的数据
尽管本文中已经详细描绘和描述了多种实施方案,但对于相关领域中的技术人员将显而易见的是,在不背离本公开内容的精神的情况下,可进行各种修改、添加、替换等,因此这些被认为是在如所附权利要求中限定的本公开内容的范围内。
Claims (36)
2.权利要求1所述的电解质,其中所述不饱和端基可选自烯基和炔基,如烯丙基、炔丙基和乙烯基;苯乙烯类和丙烯酸类基团,或其组合。
3.权利要求1所述的电解质,其中所述具有不饱和端基的硫代磷酸酯添加剂以0.001重量%至25重量%的浓度存在于所述电解质中。
4.权利要求1所述的电解质,其中所述非质子有机溶剂体系包含开链或环状的碳酸酯、羧酸酯、亚硝酸酯、醚、砜、酮、内酯、二氧戊环、甘醇二甲醚、冠醚、硅氧烷、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、单磷腈或聚磷腈或其混合物。
5.权利要求1所述的电解质,其中所述非质子有机溶剂体系以60重量%至90重量%的浓度存在于所述电解质中。
6.权利要求1所述的电解质,其中所述金属盐的阳离子是碱金属。
7.权利要求6所述的电解质,其中所述碱金属是锂或钠。
8.权利要求1所述的电解质,其中所述金属盐的阳离子是铝或镁。
9.权利要求1所述的电解质,其中所述金属盐以10重量%至30重量%的浓度存在于所述电解质中。
10.权利要求1所述的电解质,该电解质进一步包含至少一种另外的添加剂。
11.权利要求10所述的电解质,其中所述至少一种另外的添加剂包含含硫化合物、含磷化合物、含硼化合物、含硅化合物、含氟化合物、含氮化合物、含有至少一个不饱和碳-碳键的化合物、羧酸酐或其混合物。
12.权利要求10所述的电解质,其中所述至少一种另外的添加剂包含部分或完全卤代的磷酸酯化合物、离子液体或其混合物。
13.权利要求12所述的电解质,其中所述卤代的磷酸酯化合物选自4-氟苯基二苯基磷酸酯、3,5-二氟苯基二苯基磷酸酯、4-氯苯基二苯基磷酸酯、三氟苯基磷酸酯、七氟丁基二苯基磷酸酯、三氟乙基二苯基磷酸酯、双(三氟乙基)苯基磷酸酯和苯基双(三氟乙基)磷酸酯。
14.权利要求12所述的电解质,其中所述离子液体选自三(N-乙基-N-甲基吡咯烷鎓)硫代磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、三(N-乙基-N-甲基吡咯烷鎓)磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、三(N-乙基-N-甲基哌啶鎓)硫代磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、和三(N-乙基-N-甲基哌啶鎓)磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺。
15.权利要求10所述的电解质,其中所述至少一种另外的添加剂以0.01重量%至10重量%的浓度存在于所述电解质中。
16.电化学能量储存装置,其包括:
阴极;
阳极;
根据权利要求1所述的电解质;和
隔板。
17.权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述阴极包含锂金属氧化物、尖晶石、橄榄石、碳涂覆的橄榄石、氧化钒、过氧化锂、硫、多硫化物、锂一氟化碳或其任意两种或更多种的混合物。
18.权利要求17所述的装置,其中所述锂金属氧化物为LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiNixCoyMetzO2、LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2、LiMn0.1Co0.1Ni0.8O2、LiMn0.2Co0.2Ni0.6O2、LiMn0.3Co0.2Ni0.5O2、LiMn0.33Co0.33Ni0.33O2、LiMn2O4、LiFeO2、Li1+x'NiαMnβCoγMet'δO2-z'Fz'、An'B2(XO4)3(NASICON)、氧化钒、过氧化锂、硫、多硫化物、锂一氟化碳或其任意两种或更多种的混合物,其中Met为Al、Mg、Ti、B、Ga、Si、Mn或Co;Met'为Mg、Zn、Al、Ga、B、Zr或Ti;A为Li、Ag、Cu、Na、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu或Zn;B为Ti、V、Cr、Fe或Zr;X为P、S、Si、W或Mo;并且其中0≤x≤0.3、0≤y≤0.5、0≤z≤0.5、0≤x'≤0.4、0≤α≤1、0≤β≤1、0≤γ≤1、0≤δ≤0.4、0≤z'≤0.4且0≤h'≤3。
19.权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述阳极包含锂金属、石墨材料、无定形碳、Li4Ti5O12、锡合金、硅、硅合金、金属间化合物或其混合物。
20.权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述装置包括锂电池、锂离子电池、锂-硫电池、锂-空气电池、钠离子电池、镁电池、锂/MnO2电池或Li/聚(一氟化碳)电池。
21.权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述装置包括电容器或太阳能电池。
22.权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述装置包括电化学电池。
23.权利要求16所述的装置,还包括将阳极和阴极彼此隔开的多孔隔板。
24.权利要求23所述的装置,其中所述多孔隔板包括经电子束处理的微孔聚烯烃隔板或微孔聚合物膜,所述微孔聚合物膜包含尼龙、纤维素、硝化纤维素、聚砜、聚丙烯腈、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚丁烯或任意两种或更多种此类聚合物的共聚物或共混物。
25.权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述非质子有机溶剂体系包含开链或环状的碳酸酯、羧酸酯、亚硝酸酯、醚、砜、酮、内酯、二氧戊环、甘醇二甲醚、冠醚、硅氧烷、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、单磷腈或聚磷腈或其混合物。
26.权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述非质子有机溶剂体系以60重量%至90重量%的浓度存在于所述电解质中。
27.权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述金属盐的阳离子是碱金属。
28.权利要求27所述的装置,其中所述碱金属是锂或钠。
29.权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述金属盐的阳离子是铝或镁。
30.权利要求28所述的装置,其中所述金属盐以10重量%至30重量%的浓度存在于所述电解质中。
31.权利要求13所述的装置,所述电解质进一步包含至少一种另外的添加剂。
32.权利要求31所述的装置,其中所述至少一种另外的添加剂包含:含硫化合物、含磷化合物、含硼化合物、含硅化合物、含氟化合物、含氮化合物、含有至少一个不饱和碳-碳键的化合物、羧酸酐或其混合物。
33.权利要求31所述的装置,其中所述至少一种另外的添加剂包含部分或完全卤代的磷酸酯化合物、离子液体或其混合物。
34.权利要求33所述的装置,其中所述卤代的磷酸酯化合物选自:4-氟苯基二苯基磷酸酯、3,5-二氟苯基二苯基磷酸酯、4-氯苯基二苯基磷酸酯、三氟苯基磷酸酯、七氟丁基二苯基磷酸酯、三氟乙基二苯基磷酸酯、双(三氟乙基)苯基磷酸酯和苯基双(三氟乙基)磷酸酯。
35.权利要求33所述的装置,其中所述离子液体选自:三(N-乙基-N-甲基吡咯烷鎓)硫代磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、三(N-乙基-N-甲基吡咯烷鎓)磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、三(N-乙基-N-甲基哌啶鎓)硫代磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、三(N-乙基-N-甲基哌啶鎓)磷酸酯双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、N-甲基-三甲基硅烷基吡咯烷鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺和N-甲基-三甲基硅烷基吡咯烷鎓六氟磷酸盐。
36.权利要求31所述的装置,其中所述至少一种另外的添加剂以0.01重量%至10重量%的浓度存在于所述电解质中。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202063063656P | 2020-08-10 | 2020-08-10 | |
US63/063,656 | 2020-08-10 | ||
PCT/US2021/021832 WO2022035468A1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-03-11 | Unsaturated additive for lithium ion battery |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116194497A true CN116194497A (zh) | 2023-05-30 |
Family
ID=80248100
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202180055914.6A Pending CN116194497A (zh) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-03-11 | 用于锂离子电池的不饱和添加剂 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230395851A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP4192891A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2023542806A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20230050380A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN116194497A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2021326387A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3188985A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2022035468A1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2727479A1 (de) * | 1977-06-18 | 1979-01-04 | Bayer Ag | Insektizide und akarizide mittel |
CN103772607B (zh) * | 2014-01-26 | 2016-01-13 | 郑州大学 | 含磷交联凝胶聚合物电解质及其现场热聚合制备方法、应用 |
CN107394115B (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2022-03-29 | 三星电子株式会社 | 用于锂金属电池的负极和包括其的锂金属电池 |
US10665899B2 (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2020-05-26 | NOHMs Technologies, Inc. | Phosphorus containing electrolytes |
CN109560323B (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2021-01-19 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 一种凝胶聚合物电解质及包含其的电化学装置 |
-
2021
- 2021-03-11 US US18/028,373 patent/US20230395851A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-11 JP JP2023509483A patent/JP2023542806A/ja active Pending
- 2021-03-11 AU AU2021326387A patent/AU2021326387A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-11 CA CA3188985A patent/CA3188985A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-11 CN CN202180055914.6A patent/CN116194497A/zh active Pending
- 2021-03-11 KR KR1020237007994A patent/KR20230050380A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2021-03-11 EP EP21856373.2A patent/EP4192891A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-11 WO PCT/US2021/021832 patent/WO2022035468A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3188985A1 (en) | 2022-02-17 |
KR20230050380A (ko) | 2023-04-14 |
EP4192891A1 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
AU2021326387A1 (en) | 2023-02-16 |
US20230395851A1 (en) | 2023-12-07 |
JP2023542806A (ja) | 2023-10-12 |
WO2022035468A1 (en) | 2022-02-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN110915037B (zh) | 含磷电解质 | |
US11876181B2 (en) | Lithium ion battery electrolyte additive | |
US11949069B2 (en) | Lithium ion battery electrolyte additive | |
KR102631722B1 (ko) | 트리아진을 함유하는 변성 이온성 액체 | |
US20230352736A1 (en) | Epoxy modified additives for lithium ion batteries | |
KR20210141995A (ko) | 사이클릭 인 모이어티를 함유하는 개질된 이온성 액체 | |
US20220109188A1 (en) | Lithium ion battery electrolyte additive | |
CN116194497A (zh) | 用于锂离子电池的不饱和添加剂 | |
KR20210107060A (ko) | 붕소를 함유하는 개질된 이온성 액체 | |
US20240039046A1 (en) | Modified dopo based battery electrolyte additives | |
US20240039047A1 (en) | Functionalized crown ethers for lithium-ion batteries |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |