CN116179401B - 一株植物乳杆菌zf605及其应用 - Google Patents
一株植物乳杆菌zf605及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116179401B CN116179401B CN202211092078.1A CN202211092078A CN116179401B CN 116179401 B CN116179401 B CN 116179401B CN 202211092078 A CN202211092078 A CN 202211092078A CN 116179401 B CN116179401 B CN 116179401B
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- lactobacillus plantarum
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- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000193171 Clostridium butyricum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 claims description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000285963 Kluyveromyces fragilis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014663 Kluyveromyces fragilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 19
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 10
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
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- VLSOAXRVHARBEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1CO VLSOAXRVHARBEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019606 astringent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012228 culture supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010227 cup method (microbiological evaluation) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015598 salt intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019643 salty taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001393 triammonium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011046 triammonium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/50—Soya sauce
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/24—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments prepared by fermentation
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3571—Microorganisms; Enzymes
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Abstract
本发明涉及微生物技术领域,具体公开了一株具有抑制芽孢杆菌的耐盐植物乳杆菌ZF605及其应用,所述植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC No:62633,保藏地址为广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼。该菌株具有较强抑制酱油中蜡样芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌生长的能力,提高低盐酱油发酵体系的防腐力,无需另外添加抑菌剂或者改变生产工艺去抑制芽孢杆菌增殖,并且,该菌株应用于低盐酱油的发酵工艺中,在不明显增加发酵操作难度和生产成本的前提下,还具有改善低盐酱油风味的效果,酿造出的低盐酱油在体态、香气和鲜味方面均较佳。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物技术领域,尤其是涉及一株具有抑制蜡样芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌生长的耐盐植物乳杆菌ZF605及其应用,本发明还涉及所述植物乳杆菌ZF605在低盐酱油中的应用。
背景技术
酱油是以大豆、小麦粉等为主要原料,由微生物和酶共同发酵而来。国内主要酱油生产厂商多采用高盐稀态酱油发酵方式,该种方式生产的酱油具有味道鲜美,香气浓郁等特点,因而广受人们喜爱。酱油发酵时较高的盐分一方面提高了发酵体系的防腐能力,避免环境中杂菌生长,降低酱油生产品质。另一方面,较高的盐分赋予酱油咸香味和鲜味,调和酱油中的苦涩味和酸味,使酱油口感更为醇厚。然而,过高的盐分摄入,不利于人体健康,伴随人们对自身健康的重视,降低酱油含盐量成为行业发展的趋势所在。目前低盐酱油的生产可通过对高盐发酵结束后的原油进行脱盐处理或直接加水稀释,但都不可避免的对酱油风味带来不利影响。通过直接采用低盐发酵生产低盐酱油,具有工艺简单,生产成本低等优势,但该发酵体系防腐力较低,易受到杂菌污染,导致酱油口感偏酸,鲜味不足。因此,如何在酱油减盐,满足人们健康需求的同时,提升酱油风味口感,又能达到抑菌的效果,成为研究的重点所在。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处,意外从发酵异常的酱醪中分离筛选出一株植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605,该菌株具有耐盐属性,将其接种至低盐酱醪中发酵,具有较强抑制酱油中蜡样芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌生长的能力,提高低盐酱油发酵体系的防腐力,无需另外添加抑菌剂或者改变生产工艺去抑制芽孢杆菌增殖。并且采用该植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605发酵获得的低盐酱油香气、体态和鲜味方面得以显著提升。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
本发明提供了一株植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605,保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC No:62633,保藏地址为广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼。
具体的菌株保藏信息如下:
保藏单位名称:广东省微生物菌种保藏中心;
保藏地址:广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼;
保藏日期:2022年8月21日;
保藏编号:GDMCC No:62633。
本发明的植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605的菌落特征如下:
MRS固体培养基上菌落均呈圆形,直径约0.5~2mm。菌落呈乳白色,有光泽,边缘整齐规则。菌落表面光滑、湿润,中部微凸。菌株呈短杆状,无动力,少数呈短链状排列。菌落重复分离纯化3次以上后,单个菌落革兰氏染色呈阳性。
本发明提供了上述植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605的筛选方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)稀释按常规酱油发酵工艺发酵培养的高盐酱醪;
2)将1)中所得稀释液涂布在MRS固体平板培养基上初筛,以水解圈直径作为初筛评价指标;
3)挑取水解圈直接较大的单菌落接种于含有12%NaCl的MRS培养基中培养,检测OD600,以吸光值较高的菌株作为初筛菌株;
4)接种3)中获得的初筛菌株发酵获得发酵液;
5)对4)中所得发酵液与抑菌指示菌进行抑菌性测试复筛,筛选出抗芽孢杆菌效果最好的乳杆菌菌株;
6)对5)中筛选的乳杆菌菌株进行形态学、生理生化、16S rDNA测序鉴定。
在某些实施方案中,本发明植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605所述的筛选方法,其中抑菌指示菌包括芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)。
在某些实施方案中,所述芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)包括蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)和丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)中的至少一种。
在某些实施方案中,芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)包括蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)WZ06、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)WZ11和丁酸梭菌(Clostridiumbutyricum)WR05中的至少一种。
在某些实施方案中,本发明植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605所述的筛选方法,其中步骤5)中抑菌指示菌从发酵异常的酱醪中分离获得。
在某些实施方案中,本发明植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605所述的筛选方法,其中步骤5)中发酵液的抑菌性测试采用牛津杯琼脂扩散法进行筛选。
在某些实施方案中,蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)WZ06、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)WZ11在LB培养基中37℃,170rpm/min培养24h;丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)WR05接种于RCM液体培养基中,并置于厌氧培养箱中37℃培养24h。
本发明提供了上述植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605在制备减盐和/或低盐发酵酱油中的应用。
本发明提供的植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605具有抑菌的作用,将其应用于减盐/低盐酱油发酵过程中,可以较好地抑制芽孢杆菌生长,提高低盐酱油发酵体系的防腐力,并且还可以提升低盐酱油风味口感,其酱油在体态、香气和鲜味方面均有较高评分,有着较强的综合优势。
经检验,酱油中的氨基酸态氮含量显著提高,乳酸、乙酸和4-乙烯基愈创木酚等香气物质含量明显提升。
作为本发明所述应用的优选实施方式,所述减盐和/或低盐发酵酱油中氯化钠浓度为5-12%。
作为本发明所述应用的优选实施方式,所述植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillusplantarum)ZF605在酱油发酵过程中抑制芽孢杆菌中的应用。
所述芽孢杆菌包括蜡样芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌中的至少一种。
所述蜡样芽孢杆菌包括蜡样芽孢杆菌WZ06,所述地衣芽孢杆菌包括地衣芽孢杆菌WZ11,所述丁酸梭菌包括丁酸梭菌WR05。
作为本发明所述应用的优选实施方式,所述蜡样芽孢杆菌包括蜡样芽孢杆菌WZ06,所述地衣芽孢杆菌包括地衣芽孢杆菌WZ11,所述丁酸梭菌包括丁酸梭菌WR05。
本发明还提供了一种减盐和/或低盐酱油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将大豆、麸皮和面粉混合,再加入曲霉孢子粉混合培养,获得混合物料,然后对混合物料在0-16h内进行第一次翻曲,16-36h内进行第二次翻曲,出曲,得到成曲;
2)在成曲中加入盐水和含有上述植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605的种子液进行发酵培养,获得发酵酱醪;
3)对步骤2)中的发酵酱醪超滤除菌,获得酱油原油。
作为本发明所述减盐和/或低盐酱油的制备方法的优选实施方式,所述第一次翻曲的条件为:温度为32℃,湿度为95%,在16h对混合物料进行第一次翻曲;所述第二次翻曲的条件为:温度为28℃,湿度为95%,在22h对混合物料进行第二次翻曲;所述出曲的条件为:温度为28℃,湿度为75%,在44h对混合物料进行出曲。
作为本发明所述减盐和/或低盐酱油的制备方法的优选实施方式,所述步骤2)中,含有植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605的种子液的菌体浓度为1×103-5×104cfu/mL。
在一些实施例中,所述大豆、麸皮和面粉的质量比为1:4:1;加入占混合物料(大豆、麸皮和面粉)总质量比例为0.6%的曲霉孢子粉(若大豆、麸皮和面粉的总质量为1份,则曲霉孢子粉的质量为0.006份)。
本发明还提供了一种减盐和/或低盐酱油,所述减盐和/或低盐酱油采用上述制备方法制得。
本发明还提供了一种抑菌制剂,所述抑菌制剂包括上述植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605。采用上述植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillusplantarum)ZF605可以抑制芽孢杆菌的生长,从而应用于不同的抑菌制剂中。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供了一株耐盐植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605,该菌株具有较强抑制酱油中蜡样芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌生长的能力,提高低盐酱油发酵体系的防腐力,无需另外添加抑菌剂或者改变生产工艺去抑制芽孢杆菌增殖,并且,该菌株应用于低盐酱油的发酵工艺中,在不明显增加发酵操作难度和生产成本的前提下,还具有改善低盐酱油风味的效果,酿造出的低盐酱油在体态、香气和鲜味方面均较佳。
附图说明
图1为植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605分离筛选的流程图;
图2为菌株HD12平板培养形态图;
图3为菌株革兰氏染色结果图;
图4为不同菌株对酱油发酵的影响图。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
在以下实施例中,所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605的分离筛选
1、菌株的初筛:
流程参考图1,取1g酱醪(发酵异常的酱醪)接种于50mL MRS培养基中,35℃培养48h对样品进行富集培养,然后将培养物进行梯度稀释(按照10的倍数,稀释10倍、100倍、1000倍)后涂布于含有0.5%CaCO3的MRS固体平板中,35℃下培养48h,以水解圈直径作为初筛评价指标(有肉眼可见的水解圈),挑取具有代表性(菌体杆状,单个或成链)的微生物菌落重复进行三次平板划线,挑取单菌落接种于含有12%NaCl的MRS培养基(MRS培养基的配方为蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏10g,酵母膏5g,葡萄糖20g,磷酸氢二钾2g,乙酸钠5g,硫酸镁2g,硫酸锰0.05g,吐温-80 1g,柠檬酸三铵2g,琼脂20g,pH6.0~6.2,加水至1000mL)中,35℃培养48h后,取0.2mL培养液检测OD600,以吸光值较高的菌株作为初筛菌株(表1)。
该过程观察并记录到菌落生长速度快、圈径比较大且能够耐受浓度为12%NaCl的菌株有7株,编号分别为:HD04、HD12、HD25、HD32、HD51、HD52和HD57。将上述7株菌转接MRS固体平板,35℃培养箱培养至成熟后置于4℃冰箱保藏备用。
乳酸含量测定:采用Abcam乳酸检测试剂盒进行检测上述7株菌株产乳酸的含量。
表1初筛菌株主要参数
2、菌株的复筛:
对于初筛得到的耐盐菌株HD04、HD12、HD25、HD32、HD51、HD52和HD57,采用牛津杯法进行复筛。挑取上述单菌落接种于MRS培养基中,35℃培养48h后收集上清液备用。
蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)WZ06(实验室保藏)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslicheniformis)WZ11(实验室保藏)在LB培养基中37℃,170rpm/min培养24h,分别获得蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)WZ06种子液和地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)种子液;丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)WR05(实验室保藏)接种于RCM液体培养基(RCM液体培养基的配方为蛋白胨10.0g,牛肉粉10.0g,酵母粉3.0g,葡萄糖5.0g,可溶性淀粉1.0g,氯化钠5.0g,醋酸钠3.0g,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5g,pH值6.8±0.1)中,并置于厌氧培养箱中37℃培养24h,获得丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)WR05种子液;鲁式酵母AC067(实验室保藏)在麦芽汁培养基(麦芽汁培养基的配方为麦芽膏粉130g,氯霉素0.1g,最终pH 5.6±0.2)中30℃,120rpm/min培养24h,获得鲁式酵母AC067种子液;嗜盐四链球菌NR165(实验室保藏)接种于MRS培养基静置培养60h,获得嗜盐四链球菌NR165种子液。
取污染微生物蜡样芽孢杆菌WZ06种子液、地衣芽孢杆菌WZ11种子液和丁酸梭菌WR05种子液(筛选自发酵异常的酱醪中,通过常规的技术手段即可获得)和酱油发酵过程中的产香微生物鲁式酵母AC067种子液和嗜盐四链球菌NR165种子液取0.1mL的量均匀涂布于LB平板上,待干燥后用无菌镊子放置牛津杯,静置10min后取不同菌株上清液0.1mL加入牛津杯内。37℃培养48h,测量抑菌圈直径,挑选抑菌圈直径最大的菌株作为复筛目标菌株(参考表2)。
表2复筛菌株主要参数
通过复筛最终获得HD12菌株为抑制芽孢杆菌生长性能的最佳菌株,其菌落特征如下:MRS固体培养基上菌落均呈圆形,直径约0.5~2mm。菌落呈乳白色,有光泽,边缘整齐规则。菌落表面光滑、湿润,中部微凸。菌株呈短杆状,无动力,少数呈短链状排列。菌落重复分离纯化3次以上后,单个菌落革兰氏染色呈阳性(参考图2-3所示)。
对HD12菌株进行16S rDNA测序鉴定(华大基因),获知序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示:
CAGGACGAACGCTGGCGGCGTGCCTAATACATGCAAGTCGAACGAACTCTGGTATTGATTGGTGCTTGCATCATGATTTACATTTGAGTGAGTGGCGAACTGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGAAACCTGCCCAGAAGCGGGGGATAACACCTGGAAACAGATGCTAATACCGCATAACAACTTGGACCGCATGGTCCGAGTTTGAAAGATGGCTTCGGCTATCACTTTTGGATGGTCCCGCGGCGTATTAGCTAGATGGTGGGGTAACGGCTCACCATGGCAATGATACGTAGCCGACCTGAGAGGGTAATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGGAGCAACGCCGCGTGAGTGAAGAAGGGTTTCGGCTCGTAAAACTCTGTTGTTAAAGAAGAACATATCTGAGAGTAACTGTTCAGGTATTGACGGTATTTAACCAGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGTTGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGAGCGCAGGCGGTTTTTTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCTTCGGCTCAACCGAAGAAGTGCATCGGAAACTGGGAAACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGACAGTGGAACTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTGTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGGCTCGAAAGTATGGGTAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCATACCGTAAACGATGAATGCTAAGTGTTGGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTCAGTGCTGCAGCTAACGCATTAAGCATTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGCTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCTACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATACTATGCAAATCTAAGAGATTAGACGTTCCCTTCGGGGACATGGATACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTATTATCAGTTGCCAGCATTAAGTTGGGCACTCTGGTGAGACTGCCGGTGACAAACCGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGATGGTACAACGAGTTGCGAACTCGCGAGAGTAAGCTAATCTCTTAAAGCCATTCTCAGTTCGGATTGTAGGCTGCAACTCGCCTACATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCGGATCAGCATGCCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGAGA(SEQ ID NO:1)。
将HD12菌株命名为植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605,已于2022年8月21日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为:GDMCC No:62633,植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605与HD12菌株为相同菌株。
实施例2、植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605在低盐酱油发酵中的应用
(1)菌体制备:
将实施例1制备的植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605在MRS培养基中,35℃培养48h。
(2)制曲及发酵小试流程:
大豆经过清洗除杂、浸泡和121℃灭菌20min,冷却后加入麸皮和面粉,获得混合物料,其中,大豆、麸皮和面粉质量比为1:4:1(例如大豆:麸皮:小麦=1kg:4kg:1kg),最后加入占混合物料总质量比例为0.6%曲霉孢子粉(曲霉孢子粉质量为36g,为总质量的0.6%),曲霉孢子粉与混合物料混合均匀后恒温培养箱中培养,0h至16h温度为32℃,湿度为95%,16h进行第一次翻曲,16h至36h,温度调为28℃,湿度为95%,22h进行第二次翻曲;36h至44h,每隔2h湿度降低5%,使44h出曲时湿度降低至75%,培养44h得到成曲。接着将成曲分别加入到不同发酵罐中,然后分别加入2.2倍体积的盐水(12%),并且同时加入植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605种子液或蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)WZ06(或者植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605种子液和蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)WZ06一起加入),总接种量为5×104cfu/mL(形成ZF605组、WZ06组和ZF605+WZ06组),30℃发酵60d。发酵结束后,取酱醪超滤除菌得原油,检测其氨基酸态氮、总酸、乳酸菌菌落数、乳酸、乙酸和4-乙烯基愈创木酚,结果如表3所示。
本实施例召集10名有丰富经验的鉴评人员对原油进行感官鉴评。感官鉴评的评价指标包括体态、色泽、香气、鲜味、甜味、苦涩味、咸味、酸味和综合口感,分值为0~10分,分数越高,该项指标越好,结果如表4和图4所示。
空白对照组为不加实施例1的植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605和蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)WZ06,其余发酵条件与上述制曲及发酵小试流程相同。
氨基酸态氮测定方法:采用电位滴定法测定。
总酸测定方法:采用电位滴定法测定。
乳酸菌菌落数:样品梯度稀释(10倍、100倍、1000倍稀释)后涂布MRS固体平板后,35℃培养箱中培养,待长出菌落后进行计数。
香气物质检测(乳酸、乙酸和4-乙烯基愈创木酚)通过运用顶空固相微萃取的方法对酱油样品进行测定,具体过程参考文献:李杨,李明达,刘军,等.酱油酿造过程中风味物质的形成与鉴定[J].食品工业科技,2019(4):6.。
表3
表4
注:表中数据为10名鉴评人员鉴评结果的平均值。
从表3的结果中可以看出,添加植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605后的低盐酱油品质明显提升,酱油中氨基酸态氮含量显著提高,与空白对照组相比提升41.8%,原油中乳酸、乙酸和4-乙烯基愈创木酚等香气物质含量也明显提升。
从表4和图4的感官鉴评结果显示,低盐发酵过程添加耐盐植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605后制备的原油,在体态、香气和鲜味等方面明显好于蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)WZ06发酵制备的原油,综合口感更具有优势。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (8)
1.一株植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)ZF605,其特征在于,所述植物乳杆菌ZF605保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC No:62633,保藏地址为广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼。
2.如权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌ZF605在制备低盐发酵酱油中的应用,所述低盐发酵酱油中氯化钠浓度为5-12%。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述植物乳杆菌ZF605在酱油发酵过程中抑制芽孢杆菌中的应用,所述芽孢杆菌包括蜡样芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌中的至少一种。
4.一种低盐酱油的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将大豆、麸皮和面粉混合,再加入曲霉孢子粉混合培养,获得混合物料,然后对混合物料在0-16h内进行第一次翻曲,16-36h内进行第二次翻曲,出曲,得到成曲;
2)在成曲中加入盐水和含有如权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌ZF605的种子液进行发酵培养,获得发酵酱醪;
3)对步骤2)中的发酵酱醪超滤除菌,获得酱油原油。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一次翻曲的条件为:温度为32℃,湿度为95%,在16h对混合物料进行第一次翻曲;所述第二次翻曲的条件为:温度为28℃,湿度为95%,在22h对混合物料进行第二次翻曲;所述出曲的条件为:温度为28℃,湿度为75%,在44h对混合物料进行出曲。
6.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中,含有植物乳杆菌ZF605的种子液的菌体浓度为1×103-5×104 cfu/mL。
7.一种低盐酱油,其特征在于,所述低盐酱油采用如权利要求4至6中任一项所述的制备方法制得。
8.一种抑菌制剂,其特征在于,所述抑菌制剂包括如权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌ZF605。
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