CN116178573A - 一种肠道靶向的双菌多核凝胶颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种肠道靶向的双菌多核凝胶颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及益生菌应用技术领域,具体涉及一种肠道靶向的双菌多核凝胶颗粒及其制备方法。所述的凝胶颗粒通过添加巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠对壁材改性,可增强益生菌在肠道内的粘附力,效果显著。本发明通过内源乳化法和挤压法制备包含青春双歧杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌两种菌株的益生菌凝胶颗粒。利用凝胶颗粒外层的枯草芽孢杆菌消耗游离的氧气,为青春双歧杆菌在肠道内的存活、定植提供良好的厌氧环境。不仅能够很好的保护益生菌躲避胃肠道的消化作用,避免胃酸对双歧杆菌的破坏作用,提高双歧杆菌到达肠道并存活的比例,并且能将其靶向递送到结肠,在结肠实现全部释放,显著延长益生菌在肠道内的停留时间,使其充分发挥益生功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于益生菌应用技术领域,具体涉及一种可在肠道靶向释放的负载两种益生菌的多核凝胶颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
益生菌被称为“活微生物”,包括维持肠道生态平衡,调节免疫系统,改善炎症和抑制病原菌等益处。其中双歧杆菌是一种严格厌氧的益生菌,具有包括预防肠道感染,维持黏膜屏障完整性和抵抗病原体定植等一系列促进健康的特性。为双歧杆菌创造严格的厌氧环境使其保证一定数量的活菌,发挥益生功能是关键。同时发现,芽孢杆菌作为兼性厌氧菌,在人体肠道内可消耗游离氧,制造厌氧环境,也能抑制好氧致病菌的增殖,并有利于厌氧益生菌的生长。而要在宿主体内要达到预期效果,益生菌的活菌数必须在106CFU/g以上。但是益生菌对胃肠液环境很敏感,经口服后能活着进入肠道的菌体数量较少。
目前,凝胶包裹被广泛用于保护益生菌免受外部环境和胃肠道的不利条件的影响,增强益生菌的稳定性和活力,从而使益生菌充分发挥益生作用。研究人发现,CN115039886涉及到一种双歧杆菌微胶囊产品,制备方法以多孔淀粉作为负载和保护剂,然后采用多层包被以保持益生菌过胃后的活性,但仅是显示对胃酸具有一定的耐受性,未能在双歧杆菌释放后提供严格的厌氧环境且没有涉及靶向释放活菌情况。
现有的包载益生菌凝胶颗粒的报道多以单腔室存储区域的壳-核结构为主,且针对厌氧菌在肠道内靶向释放的研究不够深入,模糊的益生菌释放位点不利于益生菌在后端肠道部位的有效定殖。如何使厌氧菌在肠道内实现更好的靶向释放以发挥益生功能,是近些年本领域的研究热点和难点。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有技术问题,提供了一种有利于厌氧菌在肠道靶向释放的双菌多核凝胶颗粒及其制备方法。本发明通过内源乳化法和挤压法制备的包含青春双歧杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌两种益生菌的凝胶颗粒能抵抗胃肠液的消化,增加益生菌的黏附性,将益生菌递送至肠道,且给厌氧菌在肠道释放前创造一个严格的厌氧环境,极大程度提高了厌氧菌的活菌数,能更好的提升其益生功能。这种具有控释特性的肠靶向凝胶体系兼具有效性和高效抑菌能力,临床应用前景广阔。
本发明一方面涉及一种巯基羧甲基纤维素钠,是通过如下方法制备得到的:
将100~200mg羧甲基纤维素钠溶解在20~40mL的超纯水中,加入220~440mg 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和130~260mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺,调节pH并搅拌2h,然后加入475~950mg半胱氨酸盐酸盐,透析24h;透析后,加入295~590mg二硫苏糖醇,调节pH值,置于室温反应24h;盐酸调节0.1mol.L-1氯化钠溶液至pH为3.5用于混合物透析;透析24h后,再用pH 3.5的盐酸溶液透析48h,冻干,得巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠。
本发明一方面涉及所述巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠在食品、保健品或药品生产中的应用。
本发明还涉及一种益生菌制品,包含益生菌和上述巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠。
所述益生菌可选自芽孢杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属、链球菌属、乳球菌属、明串球菌属、丙酸杆菌属、酵母菌属、片球菌属、葡萄球菌属中的任意一种或两种或多种的组合。
所述益生菌可选自枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、长双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、马克斯克鲁维酵母、乳酸片球菌、戊糖片球菌、小牛葡萄球菌、木糖葡萄球菌、肉葡萄球菌、肠膜明串珠菌肠膜亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种中的任意一种或多种的组合。
本发明还涉及一种双菌多核凝胶颗粒,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)内芯微球的制备
取1~2mL青春双歧杆菌菌悬液于离心管中,并按5~15mg/mL的比例加入巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠,混匀;然后加入20~40mL浓度为20~40mg/mL的海藻酸钠溶液和0.1~0.2gCaCO3,混匀,用灭菌水补足至60~120mL,得混合液;向混合液中加入180mL含2~3mg/mLSpan80的油相,放置于400rpm磁力搅拌器上乳化5min;加入200~400μL CH3COOH继续乳化10min;乳化后,加灭菌蒸馏水,充分混匀,静置分层,弃去上层油相,取下层水相的微球在4℃、5000r/min的条件下离心5min,弃上清,用无菌水洗涤三次,得到内芯微球;
(2)外壳微球的制备
将0.5~1ml枯草芽孢杆菌与0.5~1mL步骤(1)制得的内芯微球混合均匀,得菌球混合液;然后按1:1~3的体积比将菌球混合液与浓度为30~50mg/mL的海藻酸钠溶液充分混匀,得菌胶混合液;用无菌注射器将菌胶混合液以10-15ml/min流速逐滴挤压入浓度为20~40mg/mL氯化钙溶液中,滴注时将针尖与氯化钙溶液表面的距离控制在45-55cm,然后静置硬化30min,形成凝胶小球,然后用滤纸进行过滤,并用无菌水洗涤三次,即得到双菌多核凝胶颗粒。
本发明还涉及一种双菌多核凝胶颗粒粉剂,是通过将上述双菌多核凝胶颗粒进行冷冻干燥制备得到的。
所述青春双歧杆菌为青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)FS2-3,且已于2022年06月10日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),其地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏编号为CGMCCNo.25046。
所述枯草芽孢杆菌为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)SNBS-3,已于2022年6月9日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),其地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏号为CGMCC No.25040。
本发明还涉及所述双菌多核凝胶颗粒在制备食品、保健品或药品中应用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明制备得到的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠的中巯基含量为139.02±3.14μmol/g。与羧甲基纤维素钠相比,本发明制备得到的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠通过体外黏液黏附试验和体外肠道黏附试验结果说明,巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠对增强益生菌在肠道内的黏附性效果更好,分别为43.67±0.42%和45.0±1.04%,有利于益生菌在肠道的定植。同时流变试验和拉伸试验结果显示,巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠与肠道黏液之间的相互作用更明显。
本发明制备得到的双菌多核凝胶颗粒粒径分布较为均匀,其中,内芯微球的粒径为85.45±10.92μm,双菌多核凝胶颗粒的粒径为304.29±15.24μm;凝胶颗粒呈现凹陷和褶皱结构,表面是无孔的致密网状结构,这限制了酸和酶对益生菌的影响,包埋益生菌效果较好。
所述双菌多核凝胶颗粒能够有效抵抗胃液的消化,顺利将益生菌递送到肠道。在肠道中,通过先释放凝胶颗粒外层的枯草芽孢杆菌消耗游离的氧气,为青春双歧杆菌在肠道内的存活、定植提供良好的厌氧环境,能显著提高双歧杆菌的存活比例。在人工肠液中处理30min后,双菌多核凝胶颗粒中位于外壳中的枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3活菌数明显高于位于内芯的青春双歧杆菌FS2-3;处理60min后,枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3的活菌数达到最大;而随着处理时间的延长,青春双歧杆菌FS2-3的活菌数逐渐增多,当处理120min后,青春双歧杆菌FS2-3活菌数达到最大,且稳定保持在6.67lg(CFU/mL)。
冷冻干燥后获得的双菌多核凝胶颗粒粉剂中枯草芽孢杆菌和青春双歧杆菌的活菌数分别为7.60×107cfu/g和为8.09×107cfu/g,且两种益生菌的贮藏稳定性高,外壳中的枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3和内芯的青春双歧杆菌FS2-3在4℃条件下储存90d后,存活率分别高达81.63%和84.10%。从而说明,本发明提供的凝胶颗粒能够有效减少内部青春双歧杆菌受氧气以及其他外界不利环境等的影响,稳定其有效活菌数量,充分保留了菌体功能性,取得了意料不到的技术效果。
本发明提供的双菌多核凝胶颗粒可广泛应用于食品、保健品或药品的生产,应用前景广阔。
附图说明
图1为羧甲基纤维素钠和巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠电位值;
图2为体外肠黏液的黏附率;
图3为体外肠黏附率;
图4为混合液的动态流变学特性(a:黏液与羧甲基纤维素钠;b:黏液与巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠);
图5为羧甲基纤维素钠和巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠对肠表面的最大分离力和总粘附功;
图6为内芯微球与双菌微球粒径图;
图7为双菌多核凝胶颗粒形貌(a:扫描电镜;b:光学显微镜);
图8为双菌多核凝胶颗粒中枯草芽孢杆菌和青春双歧杆菌包封状态表征;
图9为双菌多核凝胶颗粒中枯草芽孢杆菌和青春双歧杆菌在人工肠液中的活菌数变化图。
图10为双菌多核凝胶颗粒中枯草芽孢杆菌和青春双歧杆菌的贮存稳定性分析图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实例,对本发明的具体实施方式进行更加详细的说明,以便能更好地理解本发明的方案以及其各个方面的优点。然而,以下描述的具体实施方式和实例仅是说明的目的,而不是对本发明的限制。
1、本发明实施例中所述青春双歧杆菌,筛选自0-3岁的半年内未使用过益生菌制剂的婴幼儿新鲜粪便,命名为青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)FS2-3,且已于2022年06月10日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏编号为CGMCC No.25046。
青春双歧杆菌FS2-3生物安全性良好,对沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌均有明显的抑制作用,其中对大肠杆菌的抑制能力最强,抑菌圈直径超过14mm;对人工胃肠液具有很强的耐受性,在人工胃液中处理2h后,FS2-3菌株的存活率高达88.6%,在人工肠液环境中处理24h后,仍能保持22.5%的存活率,显著高于对照菌青春双歧杆菌CICC6070。该菌株具有强疏水性,其疏水性高达75%,显著高于对照菌株;其自凝集率随时间逐渐上升,且在6h后明显高于对照菌株;具备一定的的黏蛋白结合能力,能够有效的黏附肠粘膜,并在肠粘膜表面形成益生菌屏障,抑制有害菌的定植和入侵;具有较强的抗氧化性能,其完整细胞和无细胞提取物对DPPH的清除率均超过了65%,具有良好的还原力,还原力大小的范围为72.01-57.50(μM)。动物实验结果显示,该菌株能有效缓解小鼠的细菌性结肠炎。通过灌胃青春双歧杆菌FS2-3,能显著减轻细菌性结肠炎引发的进食量减少、体重下降的症状,下调血清中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达,降低c反应蛋白CRP水平,提高细菌性结肠炎小鼠肠道内乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等短链脂肪酸的含量,减少炎症细胞浸润,对小鼠的结肠组织有很好的修复作用。该菌株可广泛应用于食品、保健品和药品生产领域,市场前景广阔。
本发明实施例中所述青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)FS2-3菌悬液的制备方法为:取-80℃超低温冰箱中甘油保藏的青春双歧杆菌FS2-3菌株解冻,在双歧杆菌固体培养基上划线,放置在含5% CO2、5% H2和90% N2的厌氧培养箱中培养48h。复苏后挑取单菌落染色,鉴定后接种于双歧杆菌液体培养基中培养48h。按1-2%的接种量接入双歧杆菌液体培养基中传代。4000r/min,4℃离心20min,弃去上清收集菌体,用0.9%生理盐水洗涤2次,然后离心。菌株在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,pH 7.4)中配制成菌悬液,使有效活菌数为1×108CFU/mL,将菌悬液保存于4℃冰箱备用。
2、本发明实施例中所述枯草芽孢杆菌,筛选自辽宁省沈阳市采集的传统发酵豆酱,命名为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)SNBS-3,于2022年6月9日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏号为CGMCC No.25040。
枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3对黑星病菌的抑制效果显著,抑制率达到99.93%,接近100%。该菌株对南国梨黑星病和赤星病有明显的防治效果,能显著提高了果实品质和产量;与对照组相比,施用枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3菌粉的处理组南国梨黑星病和赤星病的发病率均显著降低,防治效率分别高达88.28%和71.36%,且处理组南果梨果实较大、饱满,健康无病果的产量比对照组提高了32.6%。该菌株能高产几丁质酶和蛋白酶;发酵24h后,发酵上清液中几丁质酶和蛋白酶酶活分别高达3.96U/mL和135.25U/mL;具有较强产酸能力;发酵4h后开始大量产酸,其发酵液的pH值迅速下降;14h后,进入稳定期,发酵液pH值稳定在3.6左右。枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3可作为生物肥、生防菌剂等,广泛应用于农业生产领域,效果显著,应用前景广阔。
本发明实施例中所述枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)SNBS-3菌悬液的制备方法为:将-80℃超低温冰箱中甘油保藏的枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3菌株解冻,取菌液于LB固体培养基平板上划线,37℃过夜培养。接种环挑取菌落,接入LB液体培养基中于37℃培养24h,按1-2%的接种量接入LB液体培养基中传代。80000r/min,4℃离心15min,弃去上清收集菌体,用0.9%生理盐水洗涤2次,然后离心。菌株在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,pH7.4)中配制成菌悬液,使有效活菌数为1×108CFU/mL,将菌悬液保存于4℃冰箱备用。
下面结合具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠的制备方法
将100~200mg羧甲基纤维素钠溶解在20~40mL的超纯水中,加入220~440mg 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和130~260mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺,调节pH并搅拌2h,然后加入475~950mg半胱氨酸盐酸盐,透析24h。透析后,加入295~590mg二硫苏糖醇,调节pH值,置于室温反应24h。盐酸调节0.1mol.L-1氯化钠溶液至pH为3.5用于混合物透析。透析24h后,再用pH 3.5的盐酸溶液透析48h,冻干,得巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠。
实施例2巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠的结构表征
1、疏基含量的测定
采用Ellman’s法测得巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠巯基含量。定量测得巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠中巯基含量的方法:称取干燥样品2.2~4.4mg溶于9.5~19mL PBS(pH=7.4)缓冲溶液中,然后加入0.5~1.0mL DTNB(6mmol/L,含1mmol/LEDTA),37℃下培养15min后,DTNB和巯基化样品充分反应后,通过预先测定的标准曲线定量测定样品的巯基含量,标准曲线中半胱胺盐酸浓度分别为0.1、0.15、0.20、0.25和0.30mmol/L,每个试样均测量三次取平均值。
取50~100mg巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠,溶于100~200ml去离子水中,取样品溶液按照上述方法检测,并利用标准曲线计算疏基含量。
结果显示:上述制备得到的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠中疏基含量为139.02±3.14μmol/g。
2、电位变化分析
利用Zetasizer Nano(ZEN1500,Malvern,UK)测定羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-SH)的Zeta电位,结果如图1所示。
从图1可知,未修饰与修饰的羧甲基纤维素钠的ζ电位值都是负的,表明物质表面带负电的基团多于带正电的基团。经测定,未修饰的羧甲基纤维素钠电位为-53.5mV,修饰后的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠为-44.2mV。这说明羧甲基纤维素钠已成功带有巯基基团。
实施例3巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠对益生菌黏附性的影响
本发明以青春双歧杆菌(B.adolescentis)FS2-3为例,通过体外黏附试验观察分析了在添加巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠情况下肠黏液对该菌的黏附效果。具体实施方式如下:
1、体外黏附试验
(1)肠黏液的制备:将小鼠小肠放在冰盒上,用无菌PBS缓冲液对小肠进行冲洗,之后沿纵向剪开小肠,刮板缓慢刮取小肠内表面黏液置于灭菌离心管中,加入2~4倍体积的PBS缓冲液充分混合。放置于4℃,12000r/min离心机中离心10min,分装备用。
(2)益生菌与巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠混合液制备
将青春双歧杆菌FS2-3接种于5~10mL双歧杆菌液体培养基(胰蛋白胨10g,无水乙酸钠3g,磷酸氢二钾2g,七水合硫酸镁0.575g,一水合硫酸锰0.25g,葡萄糖20g,柠檬酸三钠2.42g,酵母浸粉4g,牛肉浸膏8g,吐温1ml,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5g,莫匹罗星1ml(0.05g/mL无水乙醇),蒸馏水1L)中,37℃培养24h后,12000r/min,1min离心收集菌体。菌体用PBS洗涤2-3次,后重悬于PBS中,4℃保存备用。
(3)体外黏液黏附试验
羧甲基纤维素钠/益生菌菌悬液制备:将10~20mg羧甲基纤维素钠溶解在2~4mL的超纯水中,配置成羧甲基纤维素钠溶液。将100-200μL羧甲基纤维素钠溶液与1-2mL青春双歧杆菌FS2-3悬液充分混合;
巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠/益生菌菌悬液:称取实施例1中制备的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠100~200mg与1-2mL青春双歧杆菌FS2-3菌悬液充分混合;
生理盐水/益生菌菌悬液:将100-200μL的生理盐水与1-2mL青春双歧杆菌FS2-3悬液充分混合。
调整(1)中准备好的肠黏液浓度,并加入至96孔板中,置于4℃中固定过夜。分别加入羧甲基纤维素钠/益生菌菌悬液和巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠/益生菌菌悬液,以生理盐水/益生菌菌悬液作对照,培养2h。用PBS洗2~3次,去除未黏附益生菌。再加入含1% SDS-0.1mol/L NaOH的裂解液,释放黏附的细菌。再进行平板活菌计数,依照以下公式计算黏附率。结果如图2所示。
式中:A为总细菌数(CFU/mL);
B为黏附的细菌数(CFU/mL)。
从图2可知,青春双歧杆菌FS2-3对肠黏液的黏附率为7.69%,而添加巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠组中该菌的黏附率高达43.67±0.42%,明显高于羧甲基纤维素钠组的黏附率24.34±0.72%。这说明,经过巯基修饰的羧甲基纤维素钠可以显著地增加益生菌对肠黏液的黏附性。
2、体外肠组织黏附试验
取小鼠肠道铺于无菌载玻片上,分别加入羧甲基纤维素钠/益生菌和巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠/益生菌菌悬液,以生理盐水/益生菌菌悬液作对照。将三份载玻片置于灭菌的离心管中,置于摇床80r/min,2h后取出,用0.9%的NaCl冲洗2~3次,计算活菌数。依照以下公式计算黏附率,结果由图3所示。
式中:A为总细菌数(CFU/mL);
B为未黏附的细菌数(CFU/mL)。
从图3可知,与羧甲基纤维素钠相比,添加巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠组的青春双歧杆菌FS2-3对肠组织的黏附率高达45.0±1.04%。这也再次说明,单一的益生菌添加巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠的益生菌对肠道的黏附效果要明显优于单一的益生菌,巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠可增强益生菌对肠道的黏附性。
综上,本发明制备得到的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠能显著增强肠道黏液对益生菌的黏附效果,提高益生菌的肠道黏附性,从而有利于益生菌在肠道的定植。实施例4巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠与肠黏液的相互作用关系
本发明利用流变仪和经典拉伸实验分析实施例1制备得到的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠与肠黏液的相互作用关系。具体实施方式如下:
1.应用流变学测量巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠与肠黏液的相互作用
利用流变学振荡时间扫描分析肠道黏液与羧甲基纤维素钠、巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠的粘弹性变化,表征肠道黏液与羧甲基纤维素钠、巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠的相互作用。
按50~100mg/mL将羧甲基纤维素钠和巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠加入等体积的肠黏液中。应用AR-1500流变仪,采用直径为60mm的平行板钛合金转子,进行线性粘弹区扫描:频率设定为1~2Hz,应变设定为0.1%~1000%,测量并记录羧甲基纤维素钠和巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠的储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G″)。结果如图4所示。
从图4可知,羧甲基纤维素钠动态流变特性测试结果显示(图4a),随着时间的变化,羧甲基纤维素钠与肠黏液的混合物损耗膜量G″始终高于储能模量G′,这表明羧甲基纤维素钠具有粘性特质。巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠与肠黏液的混合物结果显示(图4b),其开始损耗膜量G″是高于储能模量G′,而一段时间后,损耗膜量G″和储能模量G′出现交叉,储能模量G′高于损耗膜量G″,巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠和肠黏液的混合物表现出了弹性优势。说明,通过巯基对羧甲基纤维素钠进行修饰,使其具有了粘弹性,能增强巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠与肠黏液的作用。
2.通过拉伸试验测量巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠与肠粘液之间的作用
设置拉伸试验测量羧甲基纤维素钠和巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠与肠黏液的最大分离力和粘附功。将小鼠肠组织切成约3cm2的小块,将组织固定在含有粘合剂的烧杯中,用0.1M pH 6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液覆盖,烧杯被放置在天平上。取一根绳子,一端与注射泵(V2,Guanjie,China)相连,另一端用于固定测试盘(铺有一定浓度的羧甲基纤维素钠和巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠),并使测试盘附着在肠组织上。在室温下作用20min后,将测试盘以0.1mm/s的速度与肠组织剥离。记录天平每秒变化数据,计算代表力/距离曲线下面积的最大分离力(MDF)和总附着力(TWA),结果如图5所示。
从图5可知。对比两组数据,巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠的最大分离力达到82.35±1.25mN,总粘附功为71.99±3.23μJ高于羧甲基纤维素钠组。这也说明巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠能较好地与肠表面黏附。
综上,本发明制备得到的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠与肠道黏液的相互作用更强,粘合效果更好。
实施例5双菌多核凝胶颗粒的制备方法
1、内芯微球的制备
取1~2mL青春双歧杆菌FS2-3菌悬液(1×108CFU/mL)于离心管中,并按5~15mg/mL的比例加入巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠,混匀;然后加入20~40mL浓度为20~40mg/mL的海藻酸钠溶液和0.1~0.2g CaCO3,混匀,用灭菌水补足至60~120mL,得混合液;向混合液中加入180mL含2~3mg/mL Span80的油相,放置于400rpm磁力搅拌器上乳化5min;加入200~400μL CH3COOH继续乳化10min;乳化后,加灭菌蒸馏水,充分混匀,静置分层,弃去上层油相,取下层水相的微球在4℃、5000r/min的条件下离心5min,弃上清,用无菌水洗涤三次,得到内芯微球;
2、外壳微球的制备
将0.5~1ml枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3菌液(1×108CFU/mL)与0.5~1mL上述制得的内芯微球混合均匀,得菌球混合液;然后按1:1~3的体积比将菌球混合液与浓度为30~50mg/mL的海藻酸钠溶液充分混匀,得菌胶混合液;用无菌注射器将菌胶混合液以10-15ml/min流速逐滴挤压入浓度为20~40mg/mL氯化钙溶液中,滴注时将针尖与氯化钙溶液表面的距离控制在45-55cm,然后静置硬化30min,形成凝胶小球,然后用滤纸进行过滤,并用无菌水洗涤三次,即得到双菌多核凝胶颗粒。
实施例6双菌多核凝胶颗粒的表征分析
1、粒径大小分析
利用微米粒径分析仪对实施例5制备得到的双菌多核凝胶颗粒粒径进行检测,结果如图6所示。
从图6可知,本发明制备得到凝胶颗粒粒径分布较为均匀。其中,内芯微球的粒径为85.45±10.92μm,双菌多核凝胶颗粒的粒径为304.29±15.24μm。粒径数据说明,外壳微球足以包埋内芯微球。
2、显微镜观察双菌多核凝胶颗粒形貌
(1)采用SEM观察用双面胶带固定后的双菌多核凝胶颗粒表面。之后,样品通过溅射镀铜管镀金2.5min。结果如图7a所所示。
从图7a可以看出,双菌多核凝胶颗粒呈现凹陷和褶皱结构,表面是无孔的致密网状结构,这限制了酸和酶对益生菌的影响,包埋益生菌效果较好。
(2)采用光学显微镜在10×100×之间观察,双菌多核凝胶颗粒形貌。结果如图7b所示。
从图7b可知,外壳微球顺利包埋了内芯微球,成功制成双菌多核凝胶颗粒。
3、激光共聚焦显微镜观察
在实施例5所述凝胶颗粒制备前,先根据BacLight TM细菌活性试剂盒说明书,利用Syto 9染剂将青春双歧杆菌FS2-3和枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3两种益生菌染色。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察制备得到的双菌多核凝胶颗粒的包封状态,结果如图8所示。
从图8可知,在双菌多核凝胶颗粒中可见绿色荧光,证明益生菌被成功包埋到双菌多核凝胶颗粒内部,且分布均匀。
实施例7双菌多核凝胶颗粒中益生菌在模拟胃肠环境中的释放情况分析
称量1~2g双菌多核凝胶颗粒,用无菌水充分洗涤。再将双菌多核凝胶颗粒加入9~18mL预热的人工胃液(质量浓度比为0.85%的NaCl溶液用0.1mol/L的HCl调节pH为1.5,121℃高压灭菌20min后,加入1%的胃蛋白酶)中处理2h后,转移至预热的人工肠液(质量浓度比为0.85%的NaCl溶液用0.01mol/L的NaOH调节pH为8.0,121℃高压灭菌20min后,加入1%的胰蛋白酶)中,于37℃,100rpm水浴摇床中震荡1~2h,使菌体释放,每隔30min取样液1~2mL,进行梯度稀释后采用平板计数法测定活菌数。即将菌悬液分成两份,一份涂布于双歧杆菌固体培养基上,于厌氧箱中培养24h。另一份涂布于LB固体培养基上,置于37℃培养箱中培养24h,之后进行菌落计数。结果如图9所示。
从图9可知,在人工胃液中处理2h后,双菌多核凝胶颗粒中的益生菌在人工肠液中的释放量随处理时间的延长先逐渐增多,然后趋于稳定。在人工肠液中处理30min后,双菌多核凝胶颗粒中位于外壳中的枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3活菌数明显高于位于内芯的青春双歧杆菌FS2-3,从而说明凝胶颗粒中枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3先释放出来;处理60min后,枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3的活菌数达到最大;而随着处理时间的延长,青春双歧杆菌FS2-3的活菌数逐渐增多,当处理120min后,青春双歧杆菌FS2-3活菌数达到最大,且稳定保持在6.67lg(CFU/mL),此时双菌多核凝胶颗粒基本完全崩解。
上述结果表明,本发明制备得到的双菌多核凝胶颗粒能够有效抵抗胃液的消化,顺利将益生菌递送到肠道。在肠道中,通过先释放凝胶颗粒外层的枯草芽孢杆菌消耗游离的氧气,为青春双歧杆菌在肠道内的存活、定植提供良好的厌氧环境,能显著提高双歧杆菌的存活比例,并且能将其靶向递送到结肠,在结肠实现全部释放,显著延长其肠道内的停留时间,使其充分发挥益生功能。
实施例8双菌多核凝胶颗粒的贮藏稳定性分析
将实施例5制备得到的双菌多核凝胶颗粒冷冻干燥后,得到粉剂,分装于1mL冻存管中,每管1g,之后将其存放在干燥器中保存90d。分别于第0、15、30、45、60、75、90天时各取1管,然后用解囊液(浓度为20~40mg/mL柠檬酸三钠)进行裂解,用平板菌落计数法分别测定枯草芽孢杆菌和青春双歧杆菌的活菌数,计算其存活率。按照时间进行记录评价其储存稳定性。
结果显示,本发明所述双菌多核凝胶颗粒粉剂中枯草芽孢杆菌和青春双歧杆菌的活菌数分别为7.60×107cfu/g和为8.09×107cfu/g。
从图10可知,随着储藏时间的延长,外壳和内芯中的两种益生菌存活率都呈现下降趋势。外壳中的枯草芽孢杆菌SNBS-3在4℃条件下贮藏90d后存活率下降到81.63%;而内芯的青春双歧杆菌FS2-3在4℃条件下贮藏90d后存活率高达84.10%,此时的活菌数为6.80×107cfu/g。从而说明,本发明提供的凝胶颗粒能够有效减少内部青春双歧杆菌受氧气以及其他外界不利环境等的影响,稳定其有效活菌数量,充分保留了菌体功能性,取得了意料不到的技术效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种巯基羧甲基纤维素钠,其特征在于,所述巯基羧甲基纤维素钠是通过如下方法制备得到的:
将100~200mg羧甲基纤维素钠溶解在20~40mL的超纯水中,加入220~440mg 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和130~260mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺,调节pH并搅拌2h,然后加入475~950mg半胱氨酸盐酸盐,透析24h;透析后,加入295~590mg二硫苏糖醇,调节pH值,置于室温反应24h;盐酸调节0.1mol.L-1氯化钠溶液至pH为3.5用于混合物透析;透析24h后,再用pH 3.5的盐酸溶液透析48h,冻干,得巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠。
2.权利要求1所述巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠在食品、保健品或药品生产中的应用。
3.一种益生菌制品,其特征在于,所述益生菌制品包含益生菌和权利要求1所述的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠。
4.如权利要求3所述益生菌制品,其特征在于,所述益生菌为芽孢杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属、链球菌属、乳球菌属、明串球菌属、丙酸杆菌属、酵母菌属、片球菌属、葡萄球菌属中的任意一种或多种的组合。
5.如权利要求4所述益生菌制品,其特征在于,所述益生菌为所述益生菌为枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、长双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、马克斯克鲁维酵母、乳酸片球菌、戊糖片球菌、小牛葡萄球菌、木糖葡萄球菌、肉葡萄球菌、肠膜明串珠菌肠膜亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种中的任意一种或多种的组合。
6.一种双菌多核凝胶颗粒,其特征在于,所述双菌多核凝胶颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)内芯微球的制备
取1~2mL青春双歧杆菌菌悬液于离心管中,并按5~15mg/mL的比例加入权利要求1所述的巯基化羧甲基纤维素钠,混匀;然后加入20~40mL浓度为20~40mg/mL的海藻酸钠溶液和0.1~0.2g CaCO3,混匀,用灭菌水补足至60~120mL,得混合液;向混合液中加入180mL含2~3mg/mL Span80的油相,放置于400rpm磁力搅拌器上乳化5min;加入200~400μLCH3COOH继续乳化10min;乳化后,加灭菌蒸馏水,充分混匀,静置分层,弃去上层油相,取下层水相的微球在4℃、5000r/min的条件下离心5min,弃上清,用无菌水洗涤三次,得到内芯微球;
(2)外壳微球的制备
将0.5~1ml枯草芽孢杆菌菌悬液与0.5~1mL步骤(1)制得的内芯微球混合均匀,得菌球混合液;然后按1:1~3的体积比将菌球混合液与浓度为30~50mg/mL的海藻酸钠溶液充分混匀,得菌胶混合液;用无菌注射器将菌胶混合液以10-15ml/min流速逐滴挤压入浓度为20~40mg/mL氯化钙溶液中,滴注时将针尖与氯化钙溶液表面的距离控制在45-55cm,然后静置硬化30min,形成凝胶小球,然后用滤纸进行过滤,并用无菌水洗涤三次,即得到双菌多核凝胶颗粒。
7.如权利要求6所述的双菌多核凝胶颗粒,其特征在于,所述青春双歧杆菌的保藏编号为CGMCC No.25046。
8.如权利要求7所述的双菌多核凝胶颗粒,其特征在于,所述枯草芽孢杆菌的保藏号为CGMCC No.25040。
9.权利要求6-8任一所述的双菌多核凝胶颗粒在制备食品、保健品或药品中应用。
10.一种双菌多核凝胶颗粒粉剂,其特征在于,所述粉剂是通过将权利要求6-8任一所述双菌多核凝胶颗粒进行冷冻干燥制备得到的。
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