CN116178205A - 一种丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺扩链剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺扩链剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺扩链剂及其制备方法,所得到的丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺扩链剂可以与异氰酸酯及可生物降解聚酯多元醇共同使用,生产聚氨酯相关制品。因扩链剂特殊的结构设计,使其可进一步提升聚氨酯制品力学性能的同时,可有效提升其制品的可降解能力,促进制品的降解速度。该类制品可应用于复合材料、体育铺装材料等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯领域,具体的涉及一种丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺扩链剂及其制备方法。
技术背景
扩链剂是聚氨酯配方中常用的助剂。使用扩链剂可使聚合物硬段分子链进一步延伸,生成分子量更大的线性分子。其中二胺是一种重要的扩链剂种类。其较强的活性可应用于CPU、RIM和体育铺装材料等领域。
聚氨酯是由异氰酸酯、聚酯或者聚醚多元醇通过热固化反应得到的交联体型结构聚合物材料,原材料完全依赖于石油基资源。随着社会的进步和发展,石油资源日渐枯竭,严重限制了聚氨酯工业的发展。同时聚氨酯材料废弃后不可回收利用,在自然环境下难以降解,造成“白色污染”。处理聚氨酯废弃物的方法以填埋和焚烧为主,“填埋处理”占用土地资源,造成土壤劣化,而“焚烧处理”产生大量有毒气体,造成严重空气污染。因此,开发环境友好的可生物降解聚氨酯材料成为材料领域的焦点。
近年来可降解聚氨酯研究成为了研究的热点内容。专利CN111363117A提供了一种高强度的可生物降解型改性聚氨酯弹性体,由聚乳酸-聚己内酯嵌段共聚物的端羟基与异氰酸酯基团进行反应。即在聚氨酯链段中引入可降解的聚乳酸-聚己内酯嵌段共聚物,以赋予聚氨酯生物降解性。但可降解部分仅为聚氨酯中软段部分,无法对其中的硬段部分起到影响,且在聚氨酯交联体系中外界因素对其内部影响有限使聚乳酸分解迟缓。从而整个体系降解效果有限。专利CN1314426提供了一种改性聚氨酯弹性体制备方法,即在聚氨酯体系中加入硝化木质素,以物理混合的方式在体系中加入可降解木质素以提高材料的生物可降解性。但该方法无法解决其中聚氨酯交联部分的降解性问题,无法有效使弹性体完全降解。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺扩链剂。该扩链剂因其自身结构特点,提升硬段部分刚性,可有效提升聚氨酯产品的力学性能,同时使用该扩链剂的聚氨酯产品可保证在一定外界条件作用下进行分解,因扩链剂属聚氨酯硬段部分,通过其自身的降解可解决聚氨酯硬段降解问题;其在降解过程中所分解出的邻烷氧基对苯二胺单体因其自身的碱性可有效促进体系中存在的聚酯多元醇的分解,从而可在软硬链段两方面均实现有效降解,提升聚氨酯制品的降解能力。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺,其结构式为:
其中R1为C1-C20的烷基,R2为亚烷基或脂环基、芳香基的桥联基团。进一步的,R1优选C1-C4的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基或丁基;R2优选脂环基、苯基的桥联基团,例如亚甲基、亚乙基或丙基、丁基、苯基、环己基、取代环己基、二环己基的桥联基团。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺的结构如下:
优选的,所述丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺的制备方法包括:将伯胺基偶氮类二胺、丙烯腈与氧化铜催化剂加入到反应器中,在70-120℃条件下反应2-3小时,生成丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺。
其中,伯胺基偶氮类二胺结构为:
反应方程式为:
其中,R1、R2的定义如前所述。
其中,伯胺基偶氮类二胺与丙烯腈摩尔比为1:2~5;
催化剂的加入量是伯胺基偶氮类二胺和丙烯腈质量之和的0.1~1%。
伯胺基偶氮类二胺制备方法包括:将邻烷氧基对苯二胺、二胺单体在金属催化剂作用下,在60~120℃条件,反应2-3小时,生成伯胺基偶氮类二胺。
优选的,所述邻烷氧基对苯二胺与二胺单体摩尔比为1:2~4;
所述的金属催化剂可以是二氧化锰、二氧化钾、二氧化钛,用量是邻烷氧基对苯二胺、二胺单体物质的量之和的1-5%。
该反应的反应路线如下:
优选的,所述二胺单体优选为脂肪族伯二胺、脂环族伯二胺、芳香族伯二胺中的一种或两种以上,例如乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、间二甲苯二胺、间苯二胺、4,4'-二氨基二环己基甲烷、异佛尔酮二胺等,进一步优选4,4'-二氨基二环己基甲烷或异佛尔酮二胺,如万华化学的4,4'-二氨基二环己基甲烷或异佛尔酮二胺;
优选的,所述邻烷氧基对苯二胺优选为邻甲氧基对苯二胺、邻乙氧基对苯二胺、邻丙氧基对苯二胺等。
本发明的丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺扩链剂既可单独使用也可与其他扩链剂配合使用,与聚醚、增塑剂混合后作为固化剂组分用于生产聚氨酯相关制品,相关制品可应用于复合材料、弹性体和体育铺装材料等领域。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明提供了一种丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺扩链剂。该扩链剂在与异氰酸酯、多元醇混合后反应,因其含有的苯环结构可增强硬段本身强度,提升制品的力学性能。同时经丙烯腈改性后,扩链剂为仲胺结构,其活性较伯胺明显降低,可与异氰酸酯单体间有足够时间充分反应,保证软硬段间充分进行相分离,提升制品力学性能。同时可延长操作时间,使其在使用过程中具备可操作性。
2.本发明中的偶氮类二胺结构在一定外界条件作用下(例如在碱性条件下,环境温度50℃~70℃偶氮键即发生断裂,生成两个伯胺基结构)可进行分解,其中的偶氮键断裂,体系中释放出邻烷氧基对苯二胺单体,即以扩链剂分解的方式使硬链段发生分解。同时由于邻烷氧基对苯二胺单体的存在使体系呈碱性,其中的邻烷氧基基团可有效提升其碱性,而在碱性条件下可有效促进聚乳酸、聚己内酯等聚酯类链段的分解,从实现硬段分解的同时,起到对含有聚酯链节的软段降解的有效促进作用,加强聚氨酯制品整体的降解能力。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例将对本发明所提供的方法予以进一步说明,但本发明不限于所列出的实施例,还应包括在本发明所要求的权利范围内其它任何公知的改变。
部分原料来源:
邻甲氧基对苯二胺、邻乙氧基对苯二胺,均购买自浙江众诚股份有限公司
MDI预聚体:将200gC2020聚醚,400gF3135聚醚经120℃除水2小时后,降温至80℃加入200g MDI50进行聚合反应,生成MDI预聚体。其中聚醚与MDI50均来自万华化学集团股份有限公司。
实施例1
(1).将2mol邻甲氧基对苯二胺与4mol 4,4'-二氨基二环己基甲烷加入到干燥的反应器中,加入0.08mol二氧化钛金属催化剂,在120℃温度条件下,反应2小时。精馏后,制得伯胺基偶氮类二胺。
(2).取用步骤1制备的1mol伯胺基偶氮类二胺与2mol丙烯腈加入到干燥反应器中,加入0.03mol氧化铜催化剂,在70℃温度条件下,反应2小时。精馏后制得丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺。
(3).将2g步骤(2)制得的扩链剂与20g C2020聚醚,23g长链氯化石蜡,55g400目碳酸钙填料混合搅拌,100℃除水2小时后,与MDI预聚体以5:1的质量比混合后,利用搅拌器混合均匀。
按国标GB 36246-2018要求,浇铸13mm厚标准力学性能测试样条,在室温条件下固化7天后,进行力学性能测试。通过万能拉力机,以国标要求拉伸速度范围内进行测试,试样拉伸剪切强度可达1.4Mpa,断裂伸长率可达140%。
降解测试:在样板上切取10mm×10mm×5mm的小样快,浸入到25ml磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PH值=7.2)中,在37±1℃环境中放置,每隔6~7d取出,80℃真空干燥后至恒重后称重,计算其质量减少百分数。浸泡20d后,失重率达15.3%。
实施例2
(1).将2mol邻甲氧基对苯二胺与4mol异佛尔酮二胺加入到干燥的反应器中,加入0.18mol二氧化锰金属催化剂,在60℃温度条件下,反应3小时。精馏后,制得伯胺基偶氮类二胺。
(2).取用步骤1制备的1mol伯胺基偶氮类二胺与3mol丙烯腈加入到干燥反应器中,加入0.03mol氧化铜催化剂,在80℃温度条件下,反应2小时。精馏后制得丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺。
(3).将2g步骤2制得的扩链剂与18g F3135聚醚,25g长链氯化石蜡,55g400目碳酸钙填料混合搅拌,100℃除水2小时后,与MDI预聚体以4:1的质量比混合后,利用搅拌器混合均匀。
按国标GB 36246-2018要求,浇铸13mm厚标准力学性能测试样条,在室温条件下固化7天后,进行力学性能测试。通过万能拉力机,以国标要求拉伸速度范围内进行测试,试样拉伸剪切强度可达1.3Mpa,断裂伸长率可达138%。
降解测试:在样板上切取10mm×10mm×5mm的小样快,浸入到25ml磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PH值=7.2)中,在37±1℃环境中放置,每隔6~7d取出,80℃真空干燥后至恒重后称重,计算其质量减少百分数。浸泡20d后,失重率达14.8%。
实施例3
(1).将2.2mol邻乙氧基对苯二胺与4.5mol丙二胺加入到干燥的反应器中,加入0.3mol二氧化钾金属催化剂,在100℃温度条件下,反应2.5小时。精馏后,制得伯胺基偶氮类二胺。
(2).取用步骤1制备的2mol伯胺基偶氮类二胺与4mol丙烯腈加入到干燥反应器中,加入0.04mol氧化铜催化剂,在85℃温度条件下,反应2小时。精馏后制得丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺。
(3).将3g步骤2制得的扩链剂与19g C2020聚醚,22g长链氯化石蜡,56g 400目碳酸钙填料混合搅拌,100℃除水2小时后,与MDI预聚体以3:1的质量比混合后,利用搅拌器混合均匀。
按国标GB 36246-2018要求,浇铸13mm厚标准力学性能测试样条,在室温条件下固化7天后,进行力学性能测试。通过万能拉力机,以国标要求拉伸速度范围内进行测试,试样拉伸剪切强度可达1.2Mpa,断裂伸长率可达130%。
降解测试:在样板上切取10mm×10mm×5mm的小样快,浸入到25ml磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PH值=7.2)中,在37±1℃环境中放置,每隔6~7d取出,80℃真空干燥后至恒重后称重,计算其质量减少百分数。浸泡20d后,失重率达13.5%。
对比例
将2g 3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷与20g C2020聚醚,23g长链氯化石蜡,55g 400目碳酸钙填料混合搅拌,100℃除水2小时后,与MDI预聚体以5:1的质量比混合后,利用搅拌器混合均匀。按国标GB 36246-2018要求,浇铸13mm厚标准力学性能测试样条,在室温条件下固化7天后,进行力学性能测试。通过万能拉力机,以国标要求拉伸速度范围内进行测试,试样拉伸剪切强度可达1.0Mpa,断裂伸长率可达120%。
降解测试,在样板上切取10mm×10mm×5mm的小样快,浸入到25ml磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PH值=7.2)中,在37±1℃环境中放置,每隔6~7d取出,80℃真空干燥后至恒重后称重,计算其质量减少百分数。浸泡20d后,失重率1%。
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,伯胺基偶氮类二胺与丙烯腈摩尔比为1:2~5。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,催化剂为氧化铜,用量是伯胺基偶氮类二胺和丙烯腈质量之和的0.1~1%。
5.根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,反应条件是在70-120℃条件下反应2-3小时。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,邻烷氧基对苯二胺与二胺单体摩尔比为1:2~4。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于,金属催化剂选自二氧化锰、二氧化钾、二氧化钛,用量是邻烷氧基对苯二胺、二胺单体摩尔量之和的1-5%。
9.根据权利要求6-8任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,反应条件是在60~120℃反应2~3小时。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的丙烯腈改性偶氮类二胺在制备聚氨酯中的应用。
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CN1229792A (zh) * | 1999-02-01 | 1999-09-29 | 华东理工大学 | 一种新型芳香二胺扩链剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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