CN116172203A - 一种干酪乳杆菌及其制剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种干酪乳杆菌及其制剂的制备方法。所述干酪乳杆菌于2022年7月6日保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.25194。所述双层乳液益生菌制剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)将干酪乳杆菌与益生菌保护剂溶液涡旋处理,使其均匀分散形成内水相W1;(2)将熊果酸溶于油中形成油相O,将油相O与内水相W1经高速剪切混合,得到油包水型初乳W1/O;(3)以胶体颗粒的悬浮液为外水相W2,向所述初乳W1/O中加入外水相W2,经中速剪切混合,得到W1/O/W2型双乳液结构的双层乳液益生菌制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于益生菌制备技术领域,涉及一种干酪乳杆菌及其制剂的制备方法,更具体地,涉及一种具有益生功能干酪乳杆菌的筛选及其基于水包油包水双层乳液结构的益生菌制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
益生菌被定义为“当给予足够的量时,能给宿主带来健康益处的活微生物”。益生菌有许多健康益处:刺激肠道微生物群的生长,产生抗菌物质,消除潜在的有害细菌,并加强身体的自然防御系统。益生菌已被提出用于治疗几种肠道疾病,包括炎症性肠病(IBD)、肠易激综合征和感染性腹泻。
同时,过敏性疾病成为了全球性的问题,湿疹、食物过敏和哮喘的患病率在此期间急剧增加。过敏性疾病对医疗保健系统和社会的影响通常是显著的,是慢性和住院疾病最常见的原因之一。当前,治疗此类疾病的手段大部分是借助药物治疗,然而药物治疗具有一定副作用,因此有效、安全的治疗手段有待发现。并且越来越多的研究发现益生乳酸菌对人类过敏性疾病具有预防和/或治疗功效,大量试验利用服用益生菌的手段治疗过敏性疾病,这种方法简单,且能与多种益生菌配合使用,具有很大的发展优势。
近年来,已经进行了大量的研究来封装包埋益生菌。水包油包水(W/O/W)乳液是目前常见的一种乳液体系,其分散相本身为油包水(W/O)乳液,内水相W1和外水相W2因具有相同的极性易相溶。两步乳化法是制备多重乳液最普遍的方法,与常见的水包油(O/W)乳液相比,W/O/W乳液因具有输送和控释生物活性成分、掩盖不良气味、降低脂肪含量等优点被广泛地应用于食品、药品、化妆品等领域。用W/O/W乳液对益生菌进行包封,可以提高益生菌细胞在胃肠道消化过程中的生存能力;增加益生菌的储藏稳定性、保护益生菌免受外部因素(如pH、氧气、温度、储存期间的光线)的影响;保证被封装物的受控、定向释放在胃肠道中;增加添加理想浓度的益生菌的能力(从低到高);调整乳液的性能(包括尺寸、电荷、分散性和化学修饰)。
熊果酸(Ursolic Acid)又名乌索酸,是存在于天然植物中的一种三萜类化合物,近年来研究发现,熊果酸具有多种生物学活性,如降低血糖、抗病毒、抗溃疡、抗肿瘤和保护心血管等,熊果酸还具有明显的抗氧化功能,且毒性低,不良反应少,具有广泛的开发前景,但其水溶性差,口服生物利用度低,在使用上受到限制。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术的不足,提供一种干酪乳杆菌及其制剂的制备方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案为:
所述干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)在2022年7月6日保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.25194,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编100101。所述干酪乳杆菌能高产胞外多糖。所产胞外多糖具有清除DPPH、-OH自由基的能力;能刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖、NO释放量与吞噬率;CGMCCNo.25194的胞外多糖及其纯化后的两个组分EPS-1和EPS-2通过RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒模型,均能抑制β-HEX的释放,调节HIS、IL-4与TNF-α的释放量,具备潜在的抗过敏活性,可用于制备具有减敏效果和/或抗氧化活性的食品。
基于上述干酪乳杆菌的双层乳液益生菌制剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将干酪乳杆菌与益生菌保护剂溶液涡旋处理,使其均匀分散形成内水相W1;所述内水相W1中,益生菌保护剂的质量百分比含量为8~12%,干酪乳杆菌的菌落数不少于1×107-8CFU/mL;优选地,将益生菌保护剂完全溶解后于4℃水合过夜,调pH为7.0;
(2)将熊果酸溶于油中形成油相O,将油相O与内水相W1经高速剪切混合,得到油包水型初乳W1/O;所述油相O中,熊果酸的质量百分比含量为1%~5%;所述油相O与内水相W1的体积比为1:1、1:2、1:3、2:3或3:5;优选地,将熊果酸添加到油相O中后用磁力搅拌器搅拌20min使其分散均匀;
(3)以胶体颗粒的悬浮液为外水相W2,向所述初乳W1/O中加入外水相W2,经中速剪切混合,得到W1/O/W2型双乳液结构的双层乳液益生菌制剂;所述悬浮液中,胶体颗粒的质量百分比含量为0.1~0.5%,制备所述悬浮液时是将胶体颗粒加入水中,于40~60℃水浴处理10~20min,溶解后再于4℃水合过夜,即得;所述外水相W2与初乳W1/O的体积比为2:3。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述的益生菌保护剂为脱脂乳粉、乳清分离蛋白、海藻糖、蔗糖、水苏糖、低聚木糖、乳糖、甘油中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤(1)所述内水相W1的制备方法为:将益生菌连续活化三代、扩大培养、离心分离、洗涤两次后,获得菌泥,将菌泥悬浮于益生菌保护剂中制成益生菌菌悬液。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述的油为大豆油、花生油、菜籽油、玉米油、葵花籽油中的至少一种;步骤(3)中所述外水相W2为果胶、刺槐豆胶、结冷胶、黄原胶、卡拉胶中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述高速剪切的速率为6000~10000rpm,剪切时间为1~5min;步骤(3)中所述中速剪切的速率为5000~7000rpm,剪切时间为1~3min。
基于熊果酸W1/O/W2型Pickering乳液结构的益生菌制剂,所述益生菌制剂按照前述方法制备得到。所述益生菌为干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌或嗜热链球菌中的至少一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和积极效果在于:
1.本发明制得的Pickering乳液是一种由熊果酸代替传统乳化剂稳定的新型W1/O/W2双层乳液体系,高含量益生菌细胞在内水相W1中,熊果酸分散在油相O中,乳液安全无毒,益生菌含量高,乳液稳定性大大提高。
2.本发明采用双层乳化体系,首先高内相加工工艺可以保证内层水相益生菌的高含量,其次熊果酸的抗氧化活性可以避免益生菌制剂在储藏和服用后被氧化破坏,另外外水相的胶体溶液对双层乳液具有非常稳定的保护作用。
3.本发明制备工艺简单,不仅可以提高益生菌产品货架期内益生菌的存活率、保障益生菌产品的活性功能,还能提高熊果酸的生物利用率。本发明可以用于新型益生菌类食品、药品及保健品的开发。
另外,熊果酸同时也可作为药物、食品的乳化剂,本发明首先筛选一种具有潜在抗过敏活性的干酪乳杆菌,探究熊果酸作为乳化剂制备益生菌W1/O/W2型Pickering乳液的可行性。该方法制备的乳液不仅可以提高益生菌的存活率和抗逆性,还能提高熊果酸的生物利用率。
本发明的第一方面提供了一株干酪乳杆菌。本发明第二方面,提供了一种基于W1/O/W2型、用于包埋CGMCC No.25194的Pickering乳液制备方法,该制备方法是以熊果酸作为乳化剂,与传统使用的化学合成乳化剂相比,熊果酸属植物中天然化合物,且乳化时使用量较少,操作简单且抗聚集能力强。同时熊果酸具有多种生物学活性,但其水溶性差,口服吸收率低。该方法制备的乳液在使用时可提高改善熊果酸的生物利用度。由于熊果酸的引入,使得传统采用小分子乳化剂制备水包油包水乳液不能制备或不能稳定制备的问题得以解决。
总之,本发明提供的干酪乳杆菌具有较好的酸和胆盐耐受性,且为安全菌株。该菌所产胞外多糖具有较好的抗氧化能力,能刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖、NO释放量与吞噬率。同时通过RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒模型发现干酪乳杆菌CGMCC No.25194的胞外多糖及其两个组分均能抑制β-HEX的释放,调节HIS、IL-4与TNF-α的释放量,表明该菌所产多糖可能具备潜在的抗过敏活性。对干酪乳杆菌CGMCC No.25194进行双层乳液的包埋,首先将熊果酸作为乳化剂加入到菜籽油中搅拌均匀制得油相O,与含有干酪乳杆菌CGMCC No.25194菌体的内水相W1混合,高速均质得到初乳W1/O;外水相W2与初乳W1/O混合后,高速均质得到W1/O/W2型双重乳液,即益生菌制剂。本发明采用双层乳化体系对干酪乳杆菌CGMCC No.25194进行包埋,所得双层乳液稳定性强,结构稳定,能大幅提高菌剂储存过程中干酪乳杆菌CGMCCNo.25194的存活率。其次加入的天然活性成分熊果酸具有抗氧化等生物活性,可以避免乳液结构在储藏和服用后被氧化破坏,提高干酪乳杆菌CGMCC No.25194的存活率,使干酪乳杆菌CGMCC No.25194顺利抵达肠道发挥益生作用。同时可解决熊果酸由于其水溶性差,导致口服生物利用度低的问题,本发明可以用于新型益生菌类食品、药品及保健品的开发。
附图说明
图1不同乳酸菌胞外多糖含量的比较;
图2不同乳酸菌耐酸能力比较;
图3不同乳酸菌胆盐耐受能力比较;
图4不同乳酸菌在模拟胃肠液中的存活能力;
图5干酪乳杆菌LZ9183的菌落形态;
图6干酪乳杆菌LZ9183的镜检情况;
图7干酪乳杆菌LZ9183与其他乳酸菌胞外多糖的抗氧化能力比较;胞外多糖的DPPH(A)/羟基(B)自由基清除能力;
图8干酪乳杆菌LZ9183与其他乳酸菌胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞的调节活性;增殖活性(A)NO释放量(B)吞噬活性(C)的影响;
图9干酪乳杆菌LZ9183胞外多糖经DEAE-Cellulose-52柱的洗脱曲线;
图10干酪乳杆菌LZ9183两个组分EPS-1和EPS-2经Sephadex G-100柱的洗脱曲线;
图11干酪乳杆菌LZ9183胞外多糖及其两个组分对RBL-2H3细胞中β-HEX释放抑制率;
图12包埋益生菌双层乳液样品;
图13包埋益生菌双层乳液微观结构;
图14包埋益生菌双层乳液的粒径和Zeta电位结果图;
图15包埋益生菌双层乳液的储存稳定性结果;
图16包埋益生菌双层乳液的储存稳定性结果;
图17包埋益生菌双层乳液的体外模拟消化结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
1.产胞外多糖乳酸菌的初筛
从实验室前期分离保藏的乳酸菌(来自湖南主要山区牧场的牛乳及乳制品)中随机挑选28株进行产胞外多糖的研究。乳酸菌在37℃在固体培养基上培养48h,将接种针触碰单菌落,缓慢地往外拉,对比不同菌株菌落是否有明显拉丝的现象,筛选出有连续拉丝现象的乳酸菌进一步研究。
2.产胞外多糖乳酸菌的复筛
将初筛后菌株接种至50mL液体培养基中,于37℃培养24h,离心10min(4℃、10000r/min)除去菌体,发酵上清液沸水浴10min,冷却至室温后加入80%(w/w)的三氯乙酸溶液至终浓度为6%(w/v),于4℃中静置12h,离心10min(4℃、10000r/min)除去蛋白沉淀,上清液加入3倍体积的无水乙醇,于4℃中静置12h,离心20min(4℃、10000r/min)收集粗多糖沉淀,沉淀加入适量蒸馏水溶解,使用截留分子量为8000-14000D的透析袋于4℃条件下透析72h,每8h换水,透析结束后多糖溶液加蒸馏水定容至50ml,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖的含量。各菌株胞外多糖的产量比较结果见图1。
从图1中可以看出,菌株编号为12、77、79、83、89、91、150、154、LZ9183、194、260、285的菌株多糖含量均高于对照株LGG(577.33±8.64mg/L)(P≤0.05),302、Y10、Y28与对照菌株相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。根据实验室前期研究基础及产量综合考量,菌株多糖产量复筛的最终选定菌株为77、89、91、154、LZ9183、260、285、Y06、Y07、Y10。
3.耐酸耐胆盐试验
将3%的乳酸菌菌悬液分别接种至pH=2、pH=3和含牛胆盐(3.0g/L)的液体培养基中,测定OD600nm值A0,37℃培养12h,测定OD600nm值A1,以ΔOD600nm=A1-A0表示菌株耐酸耐胆盐能力。耐酸和耐胆盐的试验结果分别见图2和图3。
由图2可知,当菌株培养环境pH=2时,菌株89、LZ9183、260、Y10对酸的耐受性均高于对照菌株LGG(ΔOD值=0.0251±0.0029);当pH=3时,89、LZ9183、260对酸的耐受性同样高于对照菌株LGG(ΔOD值=0.0343±0.0024),Y10的耐酸能力达到了与LGG相近的水平,这表明89、LZ9183、260、Y10这四株乳酸菌对酸的耐受性较强,其中LZ9183、260的耐酸能力更为突出,与对照菌株相比具有显著性差异(P≤0.05)。在培养液为pH=2时,LZ9183的ΔOD值为0.0297±0.0031,260的ΔOD值为0.0340±0.0026;在培养液为pH=3时,LZ9183的ΔOD值为0.0360±0.0030,260的ΔOD值为0.0437±0.0040;同样的酸环境下,这两株菌的耐酸能力无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
由图3可知,在无胆盐添加的环境中,89、285的ΔOD值高于对照菌株LGG(ΔOD值=1.009±0.0021)(P≤0.05),154、LZ9183、260、Y10四株菌与对照菌的生长情况无明显差异(P>0.05),说明在无胆盐条件下,大部分菌株均能生长较好。而在添加胆盐环境中,对照菌LGG的生长明显被抑制,其ΔOD值为0.2250±0.0287。其他十株乳酸菌中,89、LZ9183、285、Y06的ΔOD值均高于LGG,菌株89与LZ9183的ΔOD值与LGG的ΔOD值有显著性差异(P≤0.05)。这表明这四株菌在有胆盐的环境下,也能生长较稳定,具有较强的耐受胆盐能力。
4.模拟胃肠液试验
取1mL的乳酸菌菌悬液利用平板计数法测定0h活菌数,另取1mL的乳酸菌菌悬液至9mL的模拟胃液、肠液中,旋涡震荡30s混合均匀,于37℃的培养箱中培养3h,取出后利用平板计数法测定3h的活菌数,LAB在胃肠液中的存活率按下方公式计算:
模拟胃肠液的试验结果见图4。由图4可知,在模拟人工胃肠液的环境中,筛选出的10株乳酸菌均具有较高的存活率。胃液的存活率在78%以上,肠液的存活率最低为79%,菌株在胃液与肠液中的存活率有差异,如Y06在胃液中的存活率高达128.48±3.65%,在肠液中的存活率高达163.96±5.04%。在模拟胃液的环境下,只有LZ9183、Y06、Y07三株菌的存活率高于对照菌株LGG(100.29±1.40%),77、285、Y10的存活率与对照菌株无显著性差异(P>0.05),这可能是由于菌株或菌种的特异性所导致。在模拟肠液的环境下,菌株89、LZ9183、Y06的存活率高于对照菌株LGG(97.36±2.09%),77、Y10的存活率与对照菌株相近无明显差异(P>0.05)。综合上述结果发现,89、LZ9183、285、Y06、Y07、Y10这些菌株在模拟胃肠液中均具有较强的耐受性,因此具备顺利通过人体胃肠液的潜能,且Y06、LZ9183这两株菌在该试验中表现的尤为突出。
5.安全性评价
(1)溶血实验:在血琼脂平板上,点种5μL乳酸菌培养液,37℃培养72h。以金黄色葡萄球为阳性对照组,观察血琼脂平板中菌落周围是否具有透明的溶血圈判断菌株的溶血性。
(2)脱羧酶实验:采用赖氨酸脱羧酶试剂盒,以金黄色葡萄球为阳性对照组,通过西林瓶中液体颜色变化判断菌株是否产生物胺。
(3)抗生素敏感实验:将含抗生素药物的20种药敏纸片轻压在含乳酸菌的固体培养基表面,通过测量抑制圈直径判断LAB的抗生素敏感性。
(4)不同菌株的溶血性、赖氨酸脱羧酶活性结果如表1所示。
表1乳酸菌的溶血性和脱羧酶活性
注:a“-”为非溶血性,“+”为溶血;b“-”为脱羧酶呈阴性,“γ”为脱羧酶呈阳性。
由表1可知,以金黄色葡萄球菌作为阳性对照菌株,11株受试菌株均未产生溶血现象,且赖氨酸脱羧酶活性均呈现阴性。综合上述结果表明,从产生物胺和溶血性方面来看,所有受试菌初步判定为安全菌株。
菌株对不同抗生素的敏感性测定结果如表2所示。
表2菌株对20种抗生素的敏感性
注:d为抗生素敏药敏片对乳酸菌的抑制圈直径,分别以”-“d<5mm;“+”:5mm≤d<15mm;
“++”:15mm≤d<25mm;"+++":d≥25mm表示抗生素对乳酸菌的敏感性。
由表2可看出,11株乳酸菌对20种抗生素的敏感性存在一定的差异性,对氨苄西林、头孢氨苄、头孢唑林等较敏感,对羧苄西林、新霉素、头孢哌酮等敏感性较弱。当乳酸菌制剂与抑制圈大于15mm的抗生素一起使用时,如菌株77与米诺环素(抑制圈直径≥25mm),乳酸菌的存活率会受到影响。
6.菌株鉴定
将菌株LZ9183活化后,通过划线法得到单菌落,观察其菌株特征,由图5可知,其菌落呈乳白色,湿润,边缘整齐。由图6可知,细胞显微形态(X100)为杆状,无芽孢,革兰氏染色阳性。
通过16S rDNA的PCR扩增产物进行测序,测序结果登录NCBI网站,进行Blast序列比对,结果显示菌株LZ9183与干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)的16S rDNA同源性达99%以上,可确定该菌为干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)。并将该干酪乳杆菌在2022年7月6日保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.25194,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编100101。
实施例2
1.胞外多糖的提取
将LZ9183等4株乳酸菌活化三次,制备菌悬液,按3%接种量接种至1L液体培养基中,利用水提醇沉的方法提取胞外多糖,透析结束后将多糖水溶液冷冻干燥,得到胞外多糖粉末,使用双蒸水溶解胞外多糖。
2.胞外多糖的抗氧化活性
(1)DPPH自由基清除能力:配置与多糖浓度梯度相同的抗坏血酸溶液作为对照,将1mL LAB EPS溶液或对照溶液与等量100μmol/LDPPH溶液(使用无水乙醇溶解)加入棕色试管中,混匀后于暗处静置30min,取出后离心10min(8000r/min),取上清液,测试各组OD517nm值。按下式计算LAB胞外多糖的DPPH清除率:
式中:
A1—表示试验组吸光值;
A2—表示对照组吸光度值(无水乙醇代替DPPH溶液);
A0—表示试验组空白吸光值(蒸馏水代替样品)。
(2)-OH自由基清除能力:配置与多糖浓度梯度相同的抗坏血酸溶液,采用-OH自由基清除能力检测试剂盒检测多糖溶液的-OH自由基清除能力。
胞外多糖抗氧化活性结果见图7。从图7可知单种胞外多糖的羟基自由基清除能力均具有浓度依赖性,且同一多糖的各浓度组的羟基自由基清除率均具有显著性差异(P≤0.05),多糖溶液浓度为1000μg/mL时清除活性大小依次为:LZ9183>Y10>89>285,清除率分别为45.86%、44.10%、39.93%和38.27%。
3.胞外多糖的免疫调节活性
①对RAW264.7巨噬细胞分泌NO的影响:细胞培养及分组同以上,以LPS(1μg/mL)为阳性对照组,同时设置空白对照,培养24h后,从96孔板每孔中吸取50μL上清液,于暗处使用Griess reagent试剂盒与其反应,测定各组OD490nm值。
②对RAW264.7巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的影响:将以上每孔中细胞培养液去除,使用PBS洗涤,随后每孔加入100μL 0.072%中性红溶液,37℃孵育30min后将中性红溶液吸取干净,用PBS洗涤至孔中无明显紫红色,随后每孔加入100μL RIPA裂解液,于4℃静置12h,使细胞充分裂解,测定各组OD570nm值。按下式计算中性红吞噬活性:
胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞免疫调节作用见图8。在细胞培养基中加入多糖后,NO浓度上升,具有浓度依赖性,且各浓度组间具有显著性差异(P≤0.05),试验结果表明这四种粗胞外多糖能有效的提高RAW264.7巨噬细胞NO分泌量。LZ9183胞外多糖在浓度为1000μg/mL时NO浓度高于阳性对照LPS组64.28%(P≤0.05),这表明其可能具有作为免疫刺激剂的潜能。采用吞噬中性红实验来观察菌株89、LZ9183、285、Y10胞外多糖对巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响,四种多糖均能提升RAW264.7巨噬细胞的吞噬活性,其中Y10、LZ9183胞外多糖对提升RAW264.7巨噬细胞吞噬中性红能力较为明显。
实施例3
1.胞外多糖的提取
将LZ9183等4株乳酸菌活化三次,制备菌悬液,按3%接种量接种至1L液体培养基中,利用水提醇沉的方法提取胞外多糖,透析结束后将多糖水溶液冷冻干燥,得到胞外多糖粉末,使用双蒸水溶解胞外多糖。
2.粗胞外多糖的纯化
(1)离子交换柱分离纯化:DEAE-Cellulose-52干粉先使用蒸馏水浸泡除杂,再通过0.5M Hcl和NaOH交替浸泡后洗涤至中性,采用湿法装柱,加入层析柱(40×2.6cm)中。待层析柱平衡后,将10mg/mL多糖样品加入层析柱中并依次采用去双蒸水、0.1M、0.3M和0.5M的NaCl溶液洗脱,洗脱速率1.2mL/min。采用自动收集装置进行收集洗脱溶液,每管收集体积为5mL。收集管中多糖含量采用苯酚-硫酸法进行跟踪监测,并绘制洗脱曲线。将同一洗脱峰中溶液收集合并,经减压浓缩、透析和冻干即得胞外多糖的不同组分。
(2)凝胶柱分离纯化:Sephadex G-100干粉浸泡除杂后,同样采用湿法装柱,缓慢倒入层析柱(60×1.6cm)中,待层析柱稳定后,将5mg/mL经离子交换纯化的菌株LZ9183胞外多糖组分溶液上样后采用去离子水进行洗脱。洗脱速率为0.5mL/min,采用自动收集装置进行收集洗脱溶液,每管收集体积为5mL。收集管中多糖含量采用苯酚-硫酸法进行跟踪监测,并绘制洗脱曲线。将同一洗脱峰中溶液收集合并,经减压浓缩、透析和冻干即得分子量较均一的胞外多糖组分。
从图9中可以看出,菌株LZ9183胞外多糖经阴离子交换柱分离后,被分为三个组分。按出峰顺序第一个组分命名为EPS-1,由去离子水洗脱得到,说明组分EPS-1不带电荷,为中性多糖。在收集35管以后,洗脱溶液换为0.1mol/L的NaCl溶液,此时组分EPS-2被洗脱下来,说明EPS-2为酸性多糖或可能带有酸性基团的复合多糖,带有负电荷的。两组分经Sephadex G-100凝胶柱的洗脱曲线如图10所示,两个多糖组分经洗脱后均得到一个单峰,说明这两个组分可能均为分子量大小较为均一的多糖。收集出峰管内液体,合并后透析,冷冻干燥得到纯化后的多糖样品,分别命名为EPS-1和EPS-2。
(3)干酪乳杆菌LZ9183胞外多糖抗过敏活性测定
②含多糖的细胞培养基配制:将冻干后的干酪乳杆菌LZ9183胞外多糖及其纯化后组分加入培养基中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,调节培养基中多糖浓度分别为100μg/mL、250μg/mL和500μg/mL,作为试验组(A组)培养基进行后续试验。
③RBL-2H3脱颗粒模型的建立与分组:将生长对数期的RBL-2H3细胞消化后,使用完全培养基制得细胞悬液(2.0×105cells/mL),将1mL细胞悬液接种至6孔板中,加入3mL完全培养基,分组为试验组(A组)、模型组(B组)、阳性对照组(Y组)和空白组(K组),置于培养箱中培养24h(37℃、5%CO2)后,按如下方法建立RBL-2H3脱颗粒模型。
将培养24h的BL-2H3细胞除去原培养液,PBS缓冲液清洗两次,将A组、B组和Y组加入1mL含0.5μL/mL抗-DNP-IgE的培养基,K组加入1mL培养基,培养12h;除去培养液,清洗两次,将A组加入1mL含有多糖的培养基,Y组加入1mL含500μg/mL富马酸替芬的培养基,B组和K组加入1mL培养基,孵育2h;除去培养液,清洗两次,A组、B组和Y组加入1mL含0.25μg/mLDNP-BSA的培养基,K组加入1mL培养基,置于培养箱中。
④RBL-2H3细胞β-己糖胺酶(β-HEX)释放抑制试验
相关试剂的配置:
CS缓冲液:称取1.5500g的柠檬酸钠与1.2175g的柠檬酸,加入蒸馏水定容至100mL。
显色液:称取34.20mg PNP-Nag,使用CS缓冲液溶解,定容至100mL,使用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,存入-20℃冰箱备用。
终止液:配制Na2CO3/NaHCO3缓冲溶液,调节pH为11.0,使用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤备用。
测定方法:试验各组加入DNP-BSA培养0.5h后,取上清,离心5min(1000r/min、4℃),依次往96孔板中加入50μL上清液、显色液,于37℃孵育1h,加入200μL终止液,测定OD405nm值。多糖对RBL-2H3细胞的β-HEX释放抑制率的计算公式如下:
由图11可知,干酪乳杆菌LZ9183胞外多糖与纯化后的两个组分对RBL-2H3细胞β-HEX释放均具有抑制效果,抑制率在23.64±0.705~52.293±0.153%之间。在100μg/mL-500μg/mL的浓度范围内,粗多糖与纯化组分的抑制率呈上升趋势,胞外多糖的各浓度组间对β-HEX释放的抑制率具有显著性差异(P≤0.05)。
⑤粗多糖及其两个组分对RBL-2H3细胞活化细胞因子释放量的影响
各组加入DNP-BSA培养1h和4h后,取上清,离心5min(1000r/min、4℃),保留上清液备用。采用酶联免疫试剂盒(ELISA试剂盒)测定RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒模型培养液中HIS(组胺)(1h)和IL-4(白细胞介素4)、TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子)(4h)的释放量
通过ELISA试剂盒测定了经粗多糖、EPS-1和EPS-2的处理后RBL-2H3细胞HIS、IL-4及TNF-α的释放量,测定结果如表3所示。
表3干酪乳杆菌LZ9183粗多糖及其两个组分对RBL-2H3细胞活化HIS、IL-4和和TNF-α释放的影响
根据表3中各组别HIS含量发现,模型组(B组)和正常组(K组)HIS的分泌量差异显著(P≤0.05),分别为27.713±1.21ng/mL与15.88±0.653ng/mL,表明RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒模型建立成功。在不同浓度粗多糖及多糖组分处理后的细胞HIS释放水平均低于模型组(B组)(27.713±1.214ng/mL),尤其是浓度500μg/mL的EPS-1处理的RBL-2H3细胞,其HIS释放量为16.265±0.761ng/mL,与正常组的组胺释放量(15.88±0.653ng/mL)极为接近,两者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。粗多糖、EPS-1和EPS-2在500μg/mL浓度下处理的RBL-2H3细胞HIS的释放量大小顺序为粗多糖>EPS-2>EPS-1,且具有显著性差异(P≤0.05),以上结果表明EPS-1能够有效降低组胺的释放。经过粗多糖、EPS-1和EPS-2处理后,RBL-2H3细胞的TNF-α的释放量均低于模型组的释放量,且各组的释放量均随多糖浓度的提升而降低,EPS-1各浓度组的TNF-α的释放量与模型组相比差异较为显著(P≤0.05),表明EPS-1对RBL-2H3细胞TNF-α的释放有一定抑制效果。经过粗多糖EPS、EPS-1和EPS-2处理后,RBL-2H3细胞的IL-4的释放量降低,高浓度组(500μg/mL)的释放量均接近于阳性对照组(Y组)的释放量(15.753±0.882pg/mL)。
综上所述,干酪乳杆菌LZ9183粗多糖及两个多糖组分能够下调RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒模型中HIS、IL-4与TNF-α的释放量,达到正常组相接近的水平,表明其能够缓解IgE介导的过敏反应。其中组分EPS-1表现较为优异,可能具备潜在的抗过敏活性。
实施例4
1.益生菌双层乳液的制备
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌干酪乳杆菌CGMCC No.25194接种于MRS培养基中,活化3代,37℃培养24h,活化接种量为2%(v/v),活化后的菌株同样以2%(v/v)的比例接种于MRS培养基中,培养24h后作为最终菌液备用;将活化的菌悬液冷冻离心(9000rpm,10min),弃去上清液,使用生理盐水洗涤,重复2次后得到菌体供乳液制备使用。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制12%(w/v)脱脂乳溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在90℃下巴氏杀菌20min,冷却至室温后调节pH为7.0,4℃水合过夜,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:称取0.6g熊果酸加入15g菜籽油中,于80℃下,以1000rpm磁力搅拌20~30min,搅拌均匀后得到初级乳液的油相O。
(4)W1/O初级乳液的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的质量比为2:3,6000~10000rpm剪切1~5min进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。
(5)外水相W2的制备:将0.3g的果胶加入到97g的去离子水中,搅拌30min使其充分溶解后放入4℃冰箱过夜以充分水合,得到0.3%(w/v)果胶溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双层乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按质量比为2:3的比例混合,以5000~6000rpm的转速中速剪切2~4min,得到双层乳液W1/O/W2,4~25℃保存,即为益生菌液态制剂,见图12、13。
2.益生菌双层乳液的储存稳定性考察
测量在4℃条件下贮藏1、7、14、30、45d后游离益生菌(空白组)和包埋益生菌乳液(实验组)中的活菌数。取1.5mL样品于离心管中,15800×g离心10min,以破坏乳液的稳定性。然后,涡旋混合,用移液枪取1mL乳液用生理盐水(9g/L NaCl)稀释至合适倍数后,涂布于MRS固体培养基上,然后37℃静置培养48h后计数,进行三次平行实验取其平均数。
结果如图14所示,实验组初始细胞数为9.35log CFU/mL,储存45d后细胞数为8.53log CFU/mL,下降了0.82log CFU/mL,空白组初始细胞数为9.99log CFU/mL,储存45d后细胞数为8.13log CFU/mL,下降了1.77log CFU/mL,与空白组相比,实验组明显提高了益生菌的存活率,说明W1/O/W2型双层乳液能够减少益生菌的失活,使其在机体内能更好地发挥生理活性作用。
3.益生菌双层乳液在储存期间的粒径和Zeta电位考察
测量在4℃条件下贮藏1、7、14、30、45d后包埋益生菌乳液的粒径和Zeta电位,采用Master sizer 3000激光粒度仪测定乳液粒径,分散介质为水(折射率1.33),乳液的折射率设置为1.59,采用体积平均直径d(4,3)表征乳液液滴粒度的大小;采用Nano-ZS电位测定仪测定乳状液滴的Zeta电位,每个样品测3组平行,结果取平均值。
结果如图15所示,在储存45d下的乳液粒径维持在31-40μm之间,无明显变化;Zeta电位可以反映液滴间的带电性质,是研究乳液物理稳定性的一个重要参数,从图4可以看出在储存期间W1/O/W2乳液的电位值无显著变化,表明以熊果酸为乳化剂、0.3%(w/v)的果胶为外水相形成的多重乳状液能有效地防止液滴之间的聚集,对乳液的稳定效果有积极作用。
实施例5
1.益生菌双层乳液的制备
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌干酪乳杆菌CGMCC No.25194接种于MRS培养基中,活化3代,37℃培养24h,活化接种量为2%(v/v),活化后的菌株同样以2%(v/v)的比例接种于MRS培养基中,培养24h后作为最终菌液备用;将活化的菌悬液冷冻离心(9000rpm,10min),弃去上清液,使用生理盐水洗涤,重复2次后得到菌体供包埋制备使用。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制12%(w/v)脱脂乳溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在90℃下巴氏杀菌20min,冷却至室温后调节pH为7.0,4℃水合过夜,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:称取0.6g熊果酸加入15g菜籽油中,于80℃下,以1000rpm磁力搅拌20~30min,搅拌均匀后得到初级乳液的油相O。
(4)W1/O初级乳液的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的质量比为2:3,6000~10000rpm,剪切1~5min进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。
(5)外水相W2的制备:将0.3g结冷胶加入到97g的去离子水中,搅拌30min使其充分溶解后放入4℃冰箱过夜以充分水合,得到0.3%(w/v)结冷胶溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双层乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按质量比为2:3的比例混合,以5000~6000rpm的转速中速剪切2~4min,得到双层乳液W1/O/W2,4~25℃保存,即为益生菌液态制剂。
2.益生菌双层乳液的储存稳定性考察
测量在4℃条件下贮藏1、7、14、30、45d后游离益生菌(空白组)和包埋益生菌乳液(实验组)中活菌数。取1.5mL样品于离心管中,15800×g离心10min,以破坏乳液的稳定性。然后,涡旋混合,用移液枪取1mL乳液用生理盐水(9g/L NaCl)稀释至合适倍数后,涂布于MRS固体培养基上,然后37℃静置培养48h后计数,进行三次平行实验取其平均数。
结果如图16所示,实验组初始细胞数为9.36log CFU/mL,储存45d后细胞数为8.76log CFU/mL,下降了0.60log CFU/mL,空白组初始细胞数为9.99log CFU/mL,储存45d后细胞数为8.13log CFU/mL,下降了1.77log CFU/mL,与空白组相比,实验组明显提高了益生菌的存活率,说明W1/O/W2型双层乳液能够减少益生菌的失活,在益生菌长期贮藏时对其活性产生明显的保护作用。
实施例6
1.益生菌双层乳液的制备
(1)菌悬液的制备:将益生菌干酪乳杆菌CGMCC No.25194接种于MRS培养基中,活化3代,37℃培养24h,活化接种量为2%(v/v),活化后的菌株同样以2%(v/v)的比例接种于MRS培养基中,培养24h后作为最终菌液备用;将活化的菌悬液冷冻离心(9000rpm,10min),弃去上清液,使用生理盐水洗涤,重复2次后得到菌体供包埋制备使用。
(2)内水相W1的制备:配制12%(m/v)脱脂乳溶液作为益生菌保护剂,在90℃下巴氏杀菌20min,冷却至室温后调节pH为7.0,4℃水合过夜,将菌体与保护剂混合后,涡旋使其均匀分散形成内水相W1。
(3)油相O的制备:称取0.6g熊果酸加入15g菜籽油中,于80℃下,以1000rpm磁力搅拌20~30min,搅拌均匀后得到初级乳液的油相O。
(4)W1/O初级乳液的制备:将内水相W1边搅拌边滴入油相O中,内水相W1与油相O的质量比为2:3,6000~10000rpm,剪切1~5min进行乳化,得到初乳W1/O。
(5)外水相W2的制备:将0.5g的果胶加入到95g的去离子水中,搅拌30min使其充分溶解后放入4℃冰箱过夜以充分水合,得到0.5 5(m/v)果胶溶液,即为外水相W2。
(6)W1/O/W2型双层乳液制剂的制备:将初乳W1/O与外水相W2按质量比为2:3的比例混合,以5000~6000rpm的转速中速剪切2~4min,得到双层乳液W1/O/W2,4~25℃保存,即为益生菌液态制剂。
2.益生菌双层乳液的体外模拟消化实验
(1)模拟胃液(SGF)的制备:向100mL超纯水中添加0.1g胃蛋白酶来制备模拟胃液,并用1moL/L盐酸将pH值调节至2.0,用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤除菌后待用。
(2)模拟肠液(SIF)的制备:通过将0.1g胰酶加入100mL 0.05moL/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液中以制备模拟肠液,并用0.5moL/L氢氧化钠将pH值调节至6.8,用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤除菌后待用。
(3)连续模拟胃肠液耐受性试验
分别取新鲜包菌乳液和游离干酪乳杆菌No.25194置于离心管中,加入9倍体积的经过37℃预热的人工胃液,随后放入摇床中,37℃,150r/min下反应3h,取经人工胃液反应3h后的溶液,加入9倍体积的经过37℃预热的人工肠液,随后放入水浴振荡器中,37℃,125r/min下反应3h,每1h取一次试样。取1.5mL样品于离心管中,15800×g离心10min,以破坏乳液的稳定性。然后,涡旋混合,用移液枪取1mL乳液用生理盐水(9g/L NaCl)稀释至合适倍数后,涂布于MRS固体培养基上,然后37℃静置培养48h后计数,进行三次平行实验取其平均数。
结果如图17所示,空白组(未包埋的游离No.25194)在经过人工胃液消化3h后活菌数下降了1.11log CFU/mL,说明本发明所使用的益生菌本身对胃液的耐受能力就很强。但实验组经过W1/O/W2型双层乳液包埋后,体系中的活菌数在胃液消化的3h后下降了0.89logCFU/mL,表明在模拟人工胃液酸性条件下本方法制备的W1/O/W2双层乳液相比与空白组,对益生菌起到了更好的保护效果。
将经过模拟胃液后的样品转移到人工肠液中后,只在最初的1h内活菌数有所下降,但人工肠液反应的3h中,活菌数仍保持在(8.06-7.99)Log CFU/mL范围内,与空白组相比,实验组益生菌的活菌数仍有很大提高,表明在肠道环境中本方法制备的W1/O/W2双层乳液的使用对益生菌起到了很好的保护效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种干酪乳杆菌,其特征在于,所述干酪乳杆菌于2022年7月6日保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.25194。
2.如权利要求1所述的干酪乳杆菌在制备胞外多糖生产益生菌制剂中的应用。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述胞外多糖能清除DPPH自由基、-OH自由基。
4.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述胞外多糖能刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖、NO释放量与吞噬率。
5.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述胞外多糖纯化后有两个组分EPS-1和EPS-2,所述胞外多糖及其纯化后的两个组分EPS-1和EPS-2通过RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒模型,均能抑制β-HEX的释放,调节HIS、IL-4与TNF-α的释放量,具备潜在的抗过敏活性。
6.基于权利要求1所述干酪乳杆菌的双层乳液益生菌制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将干酪乳杆菌与益生菌保护剂溶液涡旋处理,使其均匀分散形成内水相W1;所述内水相W1中,益生菌保护剂的质量百分比含量为8~12%,干酪乳杆菌的菌落数不少于1×107 -8 CFU/mL;
(2)将熊果酸溶于油中形成油相O,将油相O与内水相W1经高速剪切混合,得到油包水型初乳W1/O;所述油相O中,熊果酸的质量百分比含量为1%~5%;所述油相O与内水相W1的体积比为1:1、1:2、1:3、2:3或3:5;
(3)以胶体颗粒的悬浮液为外水相W2,向所述初乳W1/O中加入外水相W2,经中速剪切混合,得到W1/O/W2型双乳液结构的双层乳液益生菌制剂;所述悬浮液中,胶体颗粒的质量百分比含量为0.1~0.5%,制备所述悬浮液时是将胶体颗粒加入水中,于40~60℃水浴处理10~20 min,溶解后再于4℃水合过夜,即得;所述外水相W2与初乳W1/O的体积比为2:3。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的益生菌保护剂为脱脂乳粉、乳清分离蛋白、海藻糖、蔗糖、水苏糖、低聚木糖、乳糖、甘油中的至少一种。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的油为大豆油、花生油、菜籽油、玉米油、葵花籽油中的至少一种;步骤(3)中所述外水相W2为果胶、刺槐豆胶、结冷胶、黄原胶、卡拉胶中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述高速剪切的速率为6000~10000 rpm,剪切时间为1~5 min;步骤(3)中所述中速剪切的速率为5000~7000 rpm,剪切时间为1~3 min。
10.一种基于熊果酸W1/O/W2型Pickering 乳液结构的益生菌制剂,其特征在于,所述益生菌制剂按照权利要求6至9任一项所述的方法制备得到,所述益生菌为干酪乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌或嗜热链球菌中的至少一种。
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