CN116148165A - Three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device based on resistance and test method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device based on resistance and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116148165A CN116148165A CN202310023707.3A CN202310023707A CN116148165A CN 116148165 A CN116148165 A CN 116148165A CN 202310023707 A CN202310023707 A CN 202310023707A CN 116148165 A CN116148165 A CN 116148165A
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- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012821 model calculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/02—Electrochemical measuring systems for weathering, corrosion or corrosion-protection measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device and a test method thereof based on resistance, belonging to the field of geotechnical engineering. The device includes erosion instrument body, erosion instrument body is made for insulating ya keli glass, and its inside interval is fixed to be provided with two filter, the filter is divided into upstream water inlet bin, downstream play water sump and sample storehouse with erosion instrument main part, erosion instrument both ends all are provided with apron, water stop pad and top cap through bolt fixed connection respectively, fixed being provided with based on the electrode array of resistance imaging principle on the sample storehouse lateral wall. By arranging the round hole erosion instrument with the imaging system based on the resistance imaging, the invention provides a new measuring means and reliable experimental data for evaluating the possibility of dam break caused by the internal erosion of the soil body, wherein the erosion characteristic of the earth-rock dam core wall soil can be clearly and intuitively known when the round hole erosion is developed and changed in the instrument.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device and a test method based on resistance.
Background
Facilities such as pipelines are often pre-buried in a dam foundation, and the facilities can cause certain cracks to exist in soil bodies in the construction and installation processes, and the cracks are continuously expanded to finally form pipelines communicated with the upstream and the downstream under the actions of rainfall water flushing, reservoir water level lifting, temperature change and the like, so that the formed pipelines can possibly cause uneven settlement of the dam foundation and cracks to be generated in the dam body, and the safety of the dam body is seriously compromised. This phenomenon is called piping, and is a manifestation of erosion inside the soil, which is one of the main causes of accidents and damages of soil structures such as earth-rock dams and dykes. Soil erosion resistance is closely related to safety of a dam body, a roadbed foundation and the like, and according to literature statistics, more than 45% of large-scale earth-rock dams are broken and accidents are related to the occurrence of erosion processes in the soil. Therefore, the instrument for testing and observing the soil erosion resistance is developed and has important significance for evaluating the soil and stone dam safety on the relevant mechanism of the erosion inside the cracks of the soil and stone dam.
Currently, in order to study the erosion characteristics of the earth in earth-rock dam cracks, many scholars have developed a SLOT erosion test (SLOT erosion test) and a hole erosion test (HOLE EROSION TEST) to study the erosion resistance characteristics of the soil body. However, the conventional erosion can only observe the erosion condition through the transparent glass window of the outlet, cannot observe the erosion condition of the small hole in the sample, and cannot intuitively observe the change process of the internal aperture. The invention is helpful for more clearly and intuitively observing the three-dimensional space distribution of the small holes in the soil body in the erosion process and the dynamic process of the small holes developed along with time, and provides a new measuring means and reliable experimental data for evaluating the possibility of dam break caused by the erosion in the soil body.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an experimental device and a testing method thereof which can be used for visualizing three-dimensional space distribution of soil erosion holes and development process along with time in the geotechnical engineering field, and solves the problem that internal visualization in the development process of pinhole erosion cannot be performed in China at present.
One of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a three-dimensional imaging aperture erosion test device based on resistance, the device includes the erosion appearance body, the inside interval of erosion appearance body is fixed and is provided with two filter, the filter is divided into upstream water inlet sump, downstream water outlet sump and sample storehouse with the erosion appearance main part, the erosion appearance both ends all are provided with apron, water stop pad and top cap through bolt fixed connection respectively, the fixed imaging system based on resistance imaging that is provided with on the sample storehouse lateral wall, imaging system includes copper electrode, data acquisition board card, control excitation measuring matrix switch board card, provides sine wave current's excitation power supply and computer, the copper electrode evenly fixes the setting on the inner wall of sample storehouse, the central point department welding of copper electrode is provided with the copper cylinder that is used for current to applys and voltage measurement, the copper cylinder pass through the circuit in proper order with data acquisition board card, matrix switch board card, excitation power supply and computer are connected.
Further, the matrix switch board is a matrix switch board PXI-2532 based on a PXI platform, and the data acquisition board is a data acquisition board PXI-6521.
Further, the erosion instrument body is made of an insulating acrylic glass cylinder with the length of 30cm, the wall thickness of 1cm and the inner diameter of 20 cm.
Further, the copper electrode is 3 layers, each layer is 12, the distance between each layer is 5cm, 36 layers are formed, the length, width and height of the copper electrode are 15mm, 10mm and 25mm respectively, the copper electrode is embedded on the inner wall of the sample bin, and the diameter of the copper cylinder is 4mm and the length of the copper cylinder is 30mm.
Further, the apron is that thickness is 1cm, outside diameter is 24cm, inside diameter is 20 cm's glass ring, erosion instrument body both ends are all fixed to be provided with the apron, the apron inner wall is in through hot melt adhesive after the frosting is handled erosion instrument body end outside. The top cap sets up in the apron outside, the top cap is thickness 1cm, diameter be 24 cm's circular glass board, be provided with the water stop pad in the middle of top cap and the apron, the water stop pad is the rubber pad that external diameter is 24cm, thickness are 5mm, 12 diameter 8 mm's evenly distributed's bolt through-hole has all been seted up on the circumference of apron, top cap and water stop pad, the bolt passes the bolt through-hole and fixes top cap, apron and water stop pad locking.
Further, the length of the upstream water inlet bin is 4cm, the length of the sample bin is 20cm, the length of the downstream water outlet bin is 4cm, the thickness of the filter plate is 1cm, the diameter is 20cm, a hole with the diameter of 1cm is formed in the center of the filter plate, and 44 small holes with the diameter of 2mm are formed in the filter plate, and the small holes are uniformly distributed along the radial direction from the center of the circle.
Further, the intermediate positions of the upstream water inlet bin and the downstream water outlet bin are respectively provided with an electronic pressure meter, and an exhaust hole is formed beside the electronic pressure meter.
The second invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of testing a device as described above, comprising the steps of:
1) And (3) soil loading modeling:
I. removing the filter plate of the water inlet bin, reserving round holes on the sample bin, and press-fitting soil;
II. Pressing the filter plate of the water inlet bin back to the sample bin, and sealing the end head of the device;
2) Horizontally placing an erosion instrument and installing an electronic manometer;
3) Injecting water;
4) Collecting data: switching on a power supply, applying sinusoidal alternating current to the copper electrode by an excitation current source in an adjacent excitation mode through a matrix switch board card, so that the potential in the soil body changes, measuring the voltages of other electrodes by the data acquisition board card through the matrix switch, and finally transmitting voltage data to a computer;
5) Establishing a three-dimensional finite element conduction model of a small Kong Chongshi sample, giving out the initial value of the conductivity of each unit, and calculating the voltage of each electrode under electrode excitation;
6) Setting boundary conditions, and finishing extraction of electrode voltage data;
7) Obtaining actual conductivity sigma distribution of a model meeting accuracy through iterative inversion calculation;
8) The erosion test was started and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the erosion holes and their development over time was visualized by the distribution of conductivity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by arranging the circular hole erosion instrument with the imaging system based on resistance imaging, when circular hole erosion is developed and changed in the instrument, the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the small hole erosion channel in the soil body in the erosion process and the dynamic process of the small hole erosion channel developed along with time can be visually observed through the resistivity distribution in the established finite element model. The invention is helpful for more clearly and intuitively knowing the erosion characteristics of the core wall soil of the earth-rock dam, and provides a new measuring means and reliable experimental data for evaluating the possibility of dam break caused by the erosion of the inside of the soil body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an erosion instrument body;
FIG. 2 is a finite element model of the soil mass and electrodes in the sample cartridge;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the erosion instrument;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the device in a cylindrical wall with electrodes distributed thereon;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a corresponding finite element model;
FIG. 6 is a finite element schematic of a post-erosion circular aperture;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an initially round hole finite element;
FIG. 8 is a cover plate of the device;
FIG. 9 is a top cover of the device;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the various parts of the device;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a water injection test apparatus.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1 bolt, 2 top cover, 3 water cushion, 4 apron, 5 upstream water inlet bin, 6 electrode, 7 filter, 8 acrylic glass cylinder, 9 sample bin, 10 downstream water outlet bin, 11 data acquisition board card, 12 excitation power supply, 13 matrix switch board card, 14 computer.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the foregoing description of the invention, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "one side", "the other side", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, are merely for convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "identical" and the like do not denote that the components are identical, but rather that there may be minor differences. The term "perpendicular" merely means that the positional relationship between the components is more perpendicular than "parallel" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly perpendicular, but may be slightly tilted.
As shown in fig. 1-11, one embodiment provided by the present invention: the utility model provides a three-dimensional imaging aperture erosion test device based on resistance, the device includes the erosion appearance body, the erosion appearance body is made by the insulating ya keli glass section of thick bamboo that length is 30cm, wall thickness is 1cm, internal diameter is 20cm, at the inside interval fixed two filter that are provided with of erosion appearance body, thickness of filter is 1cm, diameter 20cm, diameter 1 cm's hole has been seted up to the positive centre of filter, 44 follow the centre of a circle along radial evenly distributed's diameter is 2 mm's aperture on the filter, utilize the filter to separate erosion appearance main part into upstream water inlet bin, downstream water outlet bin and sample storehouse, wherein the length of upstream water inlet bin is 4cm, the length of sample storehouse is 20cm, the length of downstream water outlet bin is 4cm.
Cover plates, water stop pads and top covers are respectively arranged at two ends of the erosion instrument through bolt fixed connection, the cover plates are glass circular rings with the thickness of 1cm, the outer diameter of 24cm and the inner diameter of 20cm, the cover plates are fixedly arranged at two ends of the erosion instrument body, the inner walls of the cover plates are adhered to the outer sides of the ends of the erosion instrument body through hot melt adhesives after frosting treatment, the top covers are arranged on the outer sides of the cover plates, the top covers are round glass plates with the thickness of 1cm and the diameter of 24cm, the water stop pads are rubber pads with the outer diameter of 24cm and the thickness of 5mm, 12 uniformly distributed bolt through holes with the diameter of 8mm are respectively formed in the circumferences of the cover plates, the top covers and the water stop pads, the bolt through holes of the cover plates can be mutually aligned, and the bolts penetrate the aligned bolt through holes to fixedly lock the top covers, the cover plates and the water stop pads.
The imaging system comprises copper electrodes, a data acquisition board, a matrix switch board for controlling excitation measurement, an excitation power supply for providing sine wave current and a computer, wherein the copper electrodes are uniformly embedded on the inner wall of the sample bin, copper cylinders for current application and voltage measurement are welded at the center point of each copper electrode, 3 copper electrodes are arranged in total, each copper electrode is 12, the distance between each copper electrode is 36, the length, width and height of each copper electrode are 15mm, 10mm and 25mm respectively, the diameter of each copper cylinder is 4mm, and the length of each copper cylinder is 30mm, and the copper cylinders are sequentially connected with the data acquisition board, the matrix switch board, the excitation power supply and the computer through circuits.
In the implementation of the embodiment, by arranging the circular hole erosion instrument with the imaging system based on the resistance imaging, the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the small hole erosion channel in the soil body in the erosion process and the dynamic process of the small hole erosion channel along with the development of time can be visually observed through the resistivity distribution in the established finite element model when the circular hole erosion is developed and changed in the instrument. The invention is helpful for more clearly and intuitively knowing the erosion characteristics of the core wall soil of the earth-rock dam, and provides a new measuring means and reliable experimental data for evaluating the possibility of dam break caused by the erosion of the inside of the soil body.
The test method of the test device comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) soil loading modeling:
I. removing a cover plate and a water stop pad at the end part of a water inlet bin, removing a filter plate of the water inlet bin, only leaving a filter plate of a water outlet bin, placing an iron rod with the diameter of 1cm in the middle of the filter plate of the water outlet bin, and then filling and compacting soil for four times on a sample bin, so as to obtain a soil sample model with holes;
II. Pressing a filter plate of the water inlet bin back onto a soil sample model formed by the sample bin, pressing a water stop pad at the end part of the water inlet bin onto the cover plate, pressing the top cover onto the water stop pad, aligning bolt through holes on the circumferences of the water stop pad, inserting bolts into the aligned bolt through holes, and then screwing up, thereby closing the end head of the test device;
2) The erosion instrument is horizontally placed, an electronic pressure meter is arranged by utilizing a hole reserved in an upstream bin body and a downstream bin body and is used for observing the pressure difference between the upstream and the downstream, a matrix switch board card and a data acquisition board card, copper electrodes, an excitation current source and a computer are connected by using a lead, an upstream water inlet bin and a downstream water outlet bin are respectively connected with a water pipe with the diameter of 1cm, and a pipe connected with the downstream water outlet bin is connected with a specific container and is used for storing water;
3) And (3) water injection: the water faucet is regulated to slowly inject water into the upstream water inlet bin, and a plurality of glass balls can be placed in the upstream water inlet bin, so that the water flow flowing into the sample bin is more uniform;
4) Collecting data: switching on a power supply, applying sinusoidal alternating current to the copper electrode by an excitation current source through a matrix switch board card in an adjacent excitation mode, wherein the alternating current frequency is 5KHZ and the amplitude is 30-50 milliamperes, so that the potential inside a soil body is changed, and the data acquisition board card measures the voltages of the other electrodes through a matrix switch and finally transmits voltage data to a computer;
5) Establishing a three-dimensional finite element conduction model of a small Kong Chongshi sample (an encryption grid is adopted at the periphery of a hole wall), giving an initial value of conductivity in each unit according to the conductivity values of test water and measured soil and the initial size of a small hole, and calculating the voltage of each electrode under each electrode excitation;
6) Boundary conditions are set, the simulation model needs 36 boundary conditions, excitation of 36 different electrodes is completed, and 36 groups of boundary voltage data are extracted. Numbering each electrode in the 36-electrode system according to the built model, and then programming a voltage extraction program by utilizing Matlab, and completing the extraction of voltage data through the program;
7) Comparing the voltage value obtained by finite element model calculation with the voltage value actually measured by each electrode, wherein the calculated value and the measured value always have differences due to the non-uniformity of the sample and the like, and the actual conductivity sigma distribution of the model meeting the precision can be obtained by iterative inversion calculation;
8) The erosion test was started, which resulted in changes in pore size and morphology, resulting in changes in the measured voltages of the other electrodes in each electrode excitation cycle. The conductivity values of the cells surrounding the small holes (between the original conductivity and the conductivity of the water) are then changed, and iterative inversion calculations are performed to obtain a resistivity distribution corresponding to the measured values of the electrodes. The change in resistivity can then visually demonstrate the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the erosion holes and their development over time.
The measurement principle of the invention is realized based on the difference of the resistivity of soil and water in the sample bin in the experimental process. The method can be specifically expressed as that when adjacent alternating current excitation is applied to the electrode array, potential distribution is generated inside soil and water in the sample bin, voltage data on the electrode array are collected, and iterative voltage values are continuously inverted in the established finite element model until resistivity distribution in the finite element model can be regarded as resistivity distribution in practical experiments. Finally, the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the small hole erosion channel in the soil body in the erosion process and the dynamic process of the development of the small hole erosion channel along with time can be visually observed through the resistivity distribution in the finite element model.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device based on resistance is characterized in that: the device includes the erosion appearance body, the inside interval of erosion appearance body is fixed and is provided with two filter, the filter is divided into upper reaches water inlet bin, low reaches water outlet bin and sample storehouse with the erosion appearance main part, the erosion appearance both ends all are provided with apron, water stop pad and top cap through bolt fixed connection respectively, the fixed imaging system who is provided with based on resistance imaging on the sample storehouse lateral wall, imaging includes copper electrode, data acquisition integrated circuit board, control excitation measuring matrix switch integrated circuit board, provides sine wave current's excitation power supply and computer, copper electrode evenly embeds on the inner wall of sample storehouse, copper electrode's central point department welding is provided with the copper cylinder that is used for current to applys and voltage measurement, the copper cylinder pass through the circuit in proper order with data acquisition integrated circuit board, matrix switch integrated circuit board, excitation power supply and computer are connected.
2. The resistance-based three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device according to claim 1, wherein: the erosion instrument body is made of an insulating acrylic glass cylinder with the length of 30cm, the wall thickness of 1cm and the inner diameter of 20 cm.
3. The resistance-based three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device according to claim 1, wherein: the copper electrode is embedded in the inner wall of the glass cylinder, the diameter of the copper cylinder is 4mm, and the length of the copper cylinder is 30mm, wherein the total number of the copper electrodes is 3, each copper electrode is 12, the total number of the copper electrodes is 36, and the distance between each copper electrode and each copper electrode is 5 cm.
4. The resistance-based three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device according to claim 1, wherein: the cover plate is a glass ring with the thickness of 1cm, the outer diameter of 24cm and the inner diameter of 20cm, the cover plates are fixedly arranged at the two ends of the erosion instrument body, and the inner wall of the cover plate is adhered to the outer side of the end head of the erosion instrument body through hot melt adhesive after frosting treatment.
5. The top cap sets up in the apron outside, the top cap is thickness 1cm, diameter be 24 cm's circular glass board, be provided with the water stop pad in the middle of top cap and the apron, the water stop pad is the rubber pad that external diameter is 24cm, thickness are 5mm, 12 diameter 8 mm's evenly distributed's bolt through-hole has all been seted up on the circumference of apron, top cap and water stop pad, the bolt passes the bolt through-hole and fixes top cap, apron and water stop pad locking.
6. The resistance-based three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the upstream water inlet bin is 4cm, the length of the sample bin is 20cm, the length of the downstream water outlet bin is 4cm, the thickness of the filter plate is 1cm, the diameter of the filter plate is 20cm, the center of the filter plate is provided with a hole with the diameter of 1cm, and the filter plate is provided with 44 small holes with the diameter of 2mm which are uniformly distributed along the radial direction from the center of the circle.
7. The resistance-based three-dimensional imaging pinhole erosion test device according to claim 1, wherein: the electronic pressure meter is arranged at the middle position of the upstream water inlet bin and the downstream water outlet bin, and the exhaust hole is formed beside the electronic pressure meter.
8. The test method of the test device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) soil loading modeling:
I. removing the filter plate of the water inlet bin, reserving round holes on the sample bin, and press-fitting soil;
II. Pressing the filter plate of the water inlet bin back to the sample bin, and sealing the end head of the device;
2) Horizontally placing an erosion instrument and installing an electronic manometer;
3) Injecting water;
4) Collecting data: switching on a power supply, applying sinusoidal alternating current to the copper electrode by an excitation current source in an adjacent excitation mode through a matrix switch board card, so that the potential in the soil body changes, measuring the voltages of other electrodes by the data acquisition board card through the matrix switch, and finally transmitting voltage data to a computer;
5) Establishing a three-dimensional finite element conduction model of a small Kong Chongshi sample, giving out the initial value of the conductivity of each unit, and calculating the voltage of each electrode under electrode excitation;
6) Setting boundary conditions, and finishing extraction of electrode voltage data;
7) Obtaining actual conductivity sigma distribution of a model meeting accuracy through iterative inversion calculation;
8) The erosion test was started and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the erosion holes and their development over time was visualized by the distribution of conductivity.
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