CN113123316B - Device and method for testing effective potential of soil body in real time in soft clay electroosmosis process - Google Patents
Device and method for testing effective potential of soil body in real time in soft clay electroosmosis process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113123316B CN113123316B CN202110377066.2A CN202110377066A CN113123316B CN 113123316 B CN113123316 B CN 113123316B CN 202110377066 A CN202110377066 A CN 202110377066A CN 113123316 B CN113123316 B CN 113123316B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
Abstract
The invention provides a device for testing the effective potential of a soil body in real time in the electroosmosis process of soft clay, which comprises electrodes, wherein one or more potential measuring sheets are uniformly distributed outside the electrodes, an insulating inner sleeve is nested between each potential measuring sheet and each electrode, and each potential measuring sheet is connected with a potential measuring needle. The invention also provides a method for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process, which comprises the following steps: an insulating inner sleeve is arranged on the surface of the electrode, a potential measuring piece is arranged on the outer side of the insulating inner sleeve, and the potential measuring piece is connected with a potential measuring needle; vertically driving an electrode provided with an effective potential testing device into the soil body, connecting the electrode with a direct current power supply through a lead, electrifying the electrode according to design requirements, and performing electroosmosis treatment on a soft clay foundation; the invention solves the problem that the traditional method inserts potential measuring needle into the soil body near the electrode to disturb the soil body, and simultaneously avoids the error caused by the different positions of the potential measuring needle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of construction of environmental protection engineering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing effective potential of a soil body in real time in a soft clay electroosmosis process.
Background
Under the action of a direct current electric field, obvious contact resistance exists between two different conductive media of an electrode and a soil body, so that energy consumption, namely potential loss, is generated at an interface, and the contact resistance is a main reason for causing effective potentials at two ends of a soil sample to be smaller than the output voltage of an external power supply in the electroosmosis process. The physical nature of the contact resistance is that when the electrode and the surface of the soil body are contacted with each other, only a few points (conductive spots) are actually contacted, when current passes through the small conductive spots, the contraction resistance of a current line caused by contraction, and the surface film resistance caused by the movement of free electrons influenced by the existence of an oxide film, an air film, soil particles and the like on the surface of the conductor on the contact point constitute the contact resistance together. The shrinkage resistance is related to the size, shape, number and distribution of the conductive spots, and factors influencing the conductive spots are complex, such as electrode materials, soil properties, surface roughness, contact form, surface film shape, current magnitude, electrifying time and the like. Research has shown that the conductive area ratio of the electrode and the soil body, the electrode material, the crack development degree and other factors have great influence on the shrinkage resistance.
Therefore, monitoring the effective potential in the soil body is beneficial to better evaluating the interface resistance between the electrode and the soil body, providing a basis for further taking measures to reduce the interface resistance, and simultaneously being beneficial to more accurately describing the soft clay electroosmosis consolidation theory, so that accurate testing of the potential gradient is necessary. In the existing method, a potential measuring pin is usually inserted into a soil body near a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the potential difference value between the positive electrode and the potential measuring pin near the positive electrode is taken as the potential loss of the electrode. However, because the electric potentials at different point positions of the soil body are different, the arrangement position of the electric potential measuring needle has great influence on the measuring result, the existing electric potential loss measuring mode has great error, and the defects of disturbing the soil sample and the electric field in the soil exist simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems or the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for testing the effective potential of a soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for testing an effective potential of a soil body in real time in a soft clay electroosmosis process, including electrodes, and characterized in that: one or more potential measuring sheets are uniformly distributed outside the electrode, an insulating inner sleeve is nested between each potential measuring sheet and the electrode, and each potential measuring sheet is connected with a potential measuring needle.
In a further embodiment, the potentiometric tablets are made of corrosion-resistant metal materials, the diameter of each potentiometric tablet is 1-2mm, each potentiometric tablet is spirally wound and fixed on the outer side of the electrode, the contact length of each potentiometric tablet with the outside is adjustable, and the initial contact length of each potentiometric tablet is slightly larger than the circumference of the cross section of the electrode.
In a further embodiment, the potential measuring pieces are arranged along the electrode penetration depth direction, and the distance between every two adjacent potential measuring pieces is 1/5-1/2 of the electrode penetration depth.
In a further embodiment, the insulating inner sleeve is annularly arranged and tightly hooped on the surface of the electrode, the height of the insulating inner sleeve is 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the potential measuring sheet, and the potential measuring sheet is spirally wound and tightly hooped on the insulating inner sleeve.
In a further embodiment, each of the potential measuring pieces is electrically connected with one potential measuring needle, each of the potential measuring needles comprises a copper core wire and an outer insulating sheath arranged outside the copper core wire, one end of the copper core wire is electrically connected with the potential measuring piece, and the other end of the copper core wire penetrates out of the soil body.
In a further embodiment, the electrodes are connected with a direct current power supply through leads, and one or more potential measuring pins are connected with a multimeter to measure the effective potential in real time.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, installing an effective potential testing device, installing an insulating inner sleeve on the surface of the electrode according to the requirement of the arrangement distance of the potential measuring sheet, installing a potential measuring sheet on the outer side of the insulating inner sleeve, and connecting the potential measuring sheet with a potential measuring needle;
s2, vertically driving the electrode provided with the effective potential testing device into the soil body, connecting the electrode with a direct current power supply through a lead, electrifying the electrode according to design requirements, and performing electroosmosis treatment on the soft clay foundation;
s3, adopting a universal meter to measure potential measuring pins in real time, determining effective potentials of soil bodies at different positions and depths, and if partial positions of the electrodes and the soil bodies are separated to expose potential measuring sheets in the air, pressing the potential measuring pins to enable the potential measuring sheets connected with the potential measuring pins to expand outwards to be in contact with the soil bodies;
s4, after the electroosmosis treatment of the soft clay is finished, recovering the electrode and the effective potential testing device.
In a further embodiment, in the step S2, the permeability coefficient of the soft clay is 10－6～10－9cm/s。
In a further embodiment, in step S3, when the soil body effective potential monitored by the effective potential testing device is low, a quick measure is taken to reduce the interface resistance between the soil body electrodes, and CaCl with an optimal concentration is injected into the soil body along the electrodes2Or a NaCl salt solution.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the device and the method for testing the effective potential monitor the effective potential of the soft clay electroosmosis process in real time, solve the problem that the potential is inserted into the soil body near the electrode by the traditional method to disturb the soil body, and simultaneously avoid errors caused by different positions of the potential measuring pins.
(2) The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, energy conservation and environmental protection, can accurately and quickly obtain the effective potential in the soil body, provides basis for further taking measures to reduce the interface resistance, and efficiently realizes the electroosmotic drainage consolidation of the soft clay.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram (tubular electrode) of the device for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram (plate electrode) of the device for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process.
Fig. 3 is a schematic layout of the present invention in an operating state according to an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the device for real-time testing of effective potential of soil mass in electroosmosis process of soft clay at the position of potential measuring sheet according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a tubular electrode 1, a potential measuring piece 2, an insulating inner sleeve 3, a potential measuring needle 4, a plate-shaped electrode 5, an outer-coated insulating sheath copper core wire 6, a soil sample 7, a model box 8, a liquid injection pipe 9, a vacuum membrane 10, a settlement gauge 11, a direct current power supply 12, a wire 13, a liquid storage bottle 14, a peristaltic pump 15, a steam-water separation bottle 16, a gasoline separation bottle 17, a vacuum pump 18, a drain pipe 19 and a sand layer 20.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Device (tubular electrode) for real-time testing effective potential of soil body in soft clay electroosmosis process
As shown in fig. 1, the device for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process mainly using the tubular electrode in the embodiment includes a tubular electrode 1, a potential measuring sheet 2, an insulating inner sleeve 3 nested between the potential measuring sheet 2 and the electrode 1, and a potential measuring needle 4 connected to the potential measuring sheet 2. The potential measuring pieces 2 are made of corrosion-resistant metal materials such as titanium alloy and the like, the diameter is 1-2mm, the contact length of each potential measuring piece 2 with external soil is adjustable, and the initial length is slightly larger than the perimeter of the cross section of the electrode. The potential measuring pieces 2 are uniformly arranged along the direction of the depth of the tubular electrode 1, and the distance between every two adjacent potential measuring pieces 2 is 1/3 of the depth of the electrode. The insulating inner sleeve 3 is annular and tightly hooped on the surface of the electrode, the height of the insulating inner sleeve 3 is 1-2mm greater than the initial height of the potential measuring piece, the potential measuring piece 2 is spirally wound and tightly hooped on the insulating inner sleeve 3, and preferably, limiting devices are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the insulating inner sleeve and used for limiting the positions of the upper end and the lower end of the potential measuring piece 2 and preventing the potential measuring piece 2 from contacting with the tubular electrode 1. Each potential measuring sheet 2 is connected with a potential measuring needle 4, the potential measuring needle 4 is a copper core lead 6 coated with an insulating layer, one end of the copper core lead is connected with the potential measuring sheet 2, the other end of the copper core lead penetrates out of the tube of the tubular electrode 1, the copper core of the potential measuring needle 4 is not contacted with the tubular electrode 1, the potential measuring needle 4 extending out of the ground surface is pressed to adjust the contact length of the potential measuring sheet 2 and an external soil body, in the embodiment, the potential measuring needle penetrates through the hollow position in the electrode and extends to the outer side of the soil body, in the process, the copper core of the potential measuring needle 4 is prevented from being contacted with the tubular electrode 1, the tubular electrode 1 is feasible, a hole for the potential measuring needle 4 to penetrate through and move up and down is formed in the tubular electrode 1, and the specific hole shape can be set according to actual requirements.
Example 2
Device (plate electrode) for testing soil effective potential in real time in soft clay electroosmosis process
As shown in fig. 2, the device for testing the effective potential of the soil in real time mainly for the soft clay electroosmosis process of the plate electrode 5 in this embodiment includes the plate electrode 5, the potential measuring sheet 2, the insulating inner sleeve 3 nested between the potential measuring sheet 2 and the plate electrode 5, and the potential measuring needle connected to the potential measuring sheet 2. The potential measuring pieces 2 are made of corrosion-resistant metal materials such as titanium alloy and the like, the diameter is 1-2mm, the contact length of each potential measuring piece 2 and the outside is adjustable, and the initial external contact length is approximately equal to the perimeter of the cross section of the plate-shaped electrode 5. The potential measuring pieces 2 are arranged along the direction of the depth of the plate-shaped electrode 5, and the distance between every two adjacent potential measuring pieces 2 is 1/3. The insulating inner sleeve 3 is annular and tightly hooped on the surface of the plate-shaped electrode 5, the height of the insulating inner sleeve is 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the potential measuring sheet, and the potential measuring sheet 2 is wound and tightly hooped on the insulating inner sleeve 3. Each potential measuring sheet 2 is connected with a potential measuring needle 4, the potential measuring needle 4 is a copper core wire 6 coated with an insulating layer, a copper core at one end of the potential measuring needle is connected with the potential measuring sheet 2, the other end of the potential measuring needle penetrates out along a plate-shaped electrode 5, the copper core of the potential measuring needle 4 is not contacted with the electrode, the potential measuring needle extending out of the earth surface is pressed, the potential measuring sheet 2 is expanded, the contact length of the potential measuring sheet and an external soil body can be adjusted, and in the embodiment, the potential measuring needle 2 can extend upwards to the outside of the soil body along the outer side of the electrode. Preferably, the upper and lower ends of the insulating inner sleeve 3 are provided with limiting devices for limiting the positions of the upper and lower ends of the potential measuring piece 2, preventing the potential measuring piece 2 from contacting the plate-shaped electrode 5, and the lower limiting devices play a supporting role when being pressed.
Example 3
Method for testing effective potential of soil body in real time in soft clay electroosmosis process
This example performs the following steps for the preparation of electroosmotic reinforcement:
(1) the electrode adopts 8mm of external diameter, and the wall thickness is 1 mm's iron pipe, arranges electric potential measuring piece 2 respectively along iron pipe electrode depth of penetrating into soil three minutes point department, and electric potential measuring piece 2 hugs closely the electrode surface, but has one deck insulating endotheca 3 between electric potential measuring piece 2 and the electrode, prevents that electric potential measuring piece 2 and electrode from contacting. Each potential measuring piece 2 is connected with a potential measuring needle 4, the potential measuring needle 4 is a copper core wire 6 coated with an insulating sheath, a copper core at one end of the potential measuring needle is connected with the potential measuring piece 2, and the other end of the potential measuring needle penetrates out of the soil body to ensure that the copper core of the potential measuring needle 4 is not contacted with an electrode.
(2) The simulation device for the electroosmosis process of the soft clay mainly comprises a model box 8, a vacuum sealing system, an electric system and a liquid injection system, wherein the vacuum sealing system comprises a vacuum membrane 10, a PU (polyurethane) air pipe, a separation bottle (a steam-water separation bottle 16 and a gasoline separation bottle 17), a vacuum pump 18 and the like; the electric system comprises electrodes, a lead 13, a direct current power supply 12 and a potential measuring pin 4; the liquid injection system comprises a liquid injection pipe 9, a peristaltic pump 15 and a liquid storage tank 14. The model box 8 is made of organic glass, the length, the width and the height of the model box are respectively 500mm, 500mm and 400mm, the side wall of the model box is provided with a plurality of outlets, and pipelines such as a lead 13, a potential measuring needle 4, a drain pipe 19, a liquid injection pipe 9 and the like penetrate through the side wall. The liquid injection pipe 9 is a hose which is full of small holes on the whole body and wraps filter cloth, the injection rate and the injection amount of the chemical reagent are adjusted by a peristaltic pump 15, and the liquid storage tank 14 is filled with the prepared chemical reagent. Arranging a plurality of settlement meters 11 on the surface of the soil sample 7, and monitoring the surface settlement of the soil sample 7 in the test process; in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, one end of the potential probe 4 is electrically connected to the potential measuring piece 2, and the other end extends from the mold case 8.
Example 4
This example was carried out for electroosmotic reinforcement of soft clay by the following steps:
(1) the soil sample 7 is loaded into a model box 8 in layers and is extruded to be compact, and the height of the soil sample 7 is 300 mm; arranging three potential measuring sheets 2 along an electrode tube body, vertically inserting the three potential measuring sheets into a soil body, wherein the distance between electrodes (tubular electrodes 1) is 480mm, the upper end of each electrode is connected with a lead 13, and waterproof treatment is performed on the joint; vertically inserting a liquid injection pipe 9 near the positive and negative electrodes and at the central position; replacing the soil body at the uppermost end of the cathode with a sand layer 20, burying a drain pipe 19 in the sand layer 20, and perforating the periphery of the drain pipe 19 and wrapping filter cloth; the drain pipe 19, the lead 13, the liquid injection pipe 9 and the like all penetrate out through the side wall outlet; the outlet drain pipe 19 is connected with a steam-water separation bottle 16, a gasoline separation bottle 17 and a vacuum pump 18 in sequence, the lead 13 is connected with a direct current power supply 12, and the liquid injection pipe 9 is connected with a peristaltic pump 15 and a liquid storage bottle 14 in sequence.
(2) Vertically driving the electrode with the effective potential testing device into the soil, connecting the electrode (tubular electrode 1) with a direct current power supply 12 through a lead 13, electrifying the electrode according to design requirements, and performing electroosmosis treatment on the soft clay foundation. The potential measuring needle 4 is measured in real time by adopting a universal meter, effective potentials of soil bodies at different position depths are determined, when partial positions of an electrode (tubular electrode 1) and the soil body are separated to enable a potential measuring sheet to be exposed in the air, the potential measuring needle 4 is pressed to enable a spiral potential measuring sheet 2 connected with the potential measuring needle to expand outwards to be in contact with the soil body under the action of pressure, the possibility is realized, a limiting device for preventing the potential measuring sheet 3 from sliding downwards under the action of pressure is arranged at the lowest end of the spiral potential measuring sheet, the limiting device is preferably a fixing ring, the fixing ring is tightly hooped on the outer side of an insulating inner sleeve 3 to play a positioning role, and the fixing ring is made of non-conductive materials. In the present embodiment, the potential probe 2 extends upward out of the soil along the outside of the electrode (tubular electrode 1).
(3) And in the test process, the changes of soil body current, effective potential, water displacement, sedimentation and the like are continuously monitored, and the applied voltage is adjusted according to the current change.
Example 5
This example performs the following steps for further electroosmotically reinforcing soft clay:
when the soil body effective potential monitored by the effective potential testing device is lower, measures are rapidly taken to reduce the interface resistance between soil body electrodes (tubular electrodes 1), and CaCl with optimal concentration is injected into the soil body along the electrodes (tubular electrodes 1)2And NaCl and the like. After the electroosmosis treatment of the soft clay, the electrodes and the effective electricity are recoveredAnd (4) a potential testing device.
Through the embodiment, the device and the method for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process are adopted, the problem that the soil body is disturbed by inserting a potential measuring probe into the soil body near the electrode by the traditional method is solved, meanwhile, errors caused by different positions of the potential measuring probe are avoided, meanwhile, the interface resistance between the electrode and the soil body is reduced by means of other media, the effective potential change in the soil body is accurately analyzed, the electroosmosis drainage consolidation of the soft clay is efficiently realized, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and meanwhile, the obtained data is beneficial to more accurately developing the electroosmosis theoretical analysis of the consolidation of the soft clay.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a device of real-time test soil body effective potential of soft clay electroosmosis process, includes the electrode, its characterized in that: the electrode comprises a plurality of electrodes, a plurality of potential measuring sheets are uniformly distributed outside the electrodes, an insulating inner sleeve is nested between each potential measuring sheet and each electrode, each potential measuring sheet is spirally wound and fixed on the outer side of each electrode and is in contact with an external soil body, each potential measuring sheet is electrically connected with a potential measuring needle, each potential measuring needle comprises a copper core wire and an outer insulating sheath arranged on the outer side of the copper core wire, one end of the copper core wire is electrically connected with the potential measuring sheets, and the other end of the copper core wire penetrates out of the soil body; the potential measuring sheet is expanded by pressing the potential measuring needle extending out of the ground surface, and the contact length of the potential measuring sheet and the external soil body is adjusted.
2. The device for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process according to claim 1, wherein: the potential measuring piece is made of corrosion-resistant metal materials, and the diameter of the potential measuring piece is 1-2 mm.
3. The device for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process according to claim 1, wherein: the potential measuring pieces are arranged along the direction of the electrode penetration depth, and the distance between every two adjacent potential measuring pieces is 1/5-1/2 of the electrode penetration depth.
4. The device for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process according to claim 1, wherein: the insulating inner sleeve is annularly arranged and tightly hooped on the surface of the electrode, the height of the insulating inner sleeve is 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the potential measuring sheet, and the potential measuring sheet is spirally wound and tightly hooped on the insulating inner sleeve.
5. The device for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process according to claim 1, wherein: the electrodes are connected with a direct current power supply through leads, and one or more potential measuring pins are connected with a multimeter to measure effective potential in real time.
6. The method for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process by using the device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, installing an effective potential testing device, installing an insulating inner sleeve on the surface of the electrode according to the requirement of the arrangement distance of the potential measuring sheet, installing a potential measuring sheet on the outer side of the insulating inner sleeve, and connecting the potential measuring sheet with a potential measuring needle;
s2, vertically driving the electrode provided with the effective potential testing device into the soil body, connecting the electrode with a direct current power supply through a lead, electrifying the electrode according to design requirements, and performing electroosmosis treatment on the soft clay foundation;
s3, adopting a universal meter to measure potential measuring pins in real time, determining effective potentials of soil bodies at different positions and depths, and if partial positions of the electrodes and the soil bodies are separated to expose potential measuring sheets in the air, pressing the potential measuring pins to enable the potential measuring sheets connected with the potential measuring pins to expand outwards to be in contact with the soil bodies;
s4, after the electroosmosis treatment of the soft clay is finished, recovering the electrode and the effective potential testing device.
7. The method for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the permeability coefficient of the soft clay is 10－6～10－9cm/s。
8. The method for testing the effective potential of the soil body in real time in the soft clay electroosmosis process according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, when the soil body effective potential monitored by the effective potential testing device is low, measures are taken to reduce the interface resistance between soil body electrodes rapidly, and CaCl with optimal concentration is injected into the soil body along the electrodes2Or a NaCl salt solution.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110377066.2A CN113123316B (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Device and method for testing effective potential of soil body in real time in soft clay electroosmosis process |
| LU500807A LU500807B1 (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Device and method for testing effective potential of soil in real time during electro-osmosis process of soft clay |
| PCT/CN2021/089494 WO2022105103A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-25 | Apparatus and method for testing effective electric potential of soil mass in real time using soft clay electroosmosis process |
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| CN202110377066.2A CN113123316B (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Device and method for testing effective potential of soil body in real time in soft clay electroosmosis process |
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| LU500807B1 (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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