CN112505291A - Test device and method for heavy metal precipitation and solidification of river and lake bottom mud and foundation reinforcement - Google Patents
Test device and method for heavy metal precipitation and solidification of river and lake bottom mud and foundation reinforcement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud, wherein a detachable drainage plate is arranged in a transparent model groove, and the drainage plate divides the transparent model groove into a drainage chamber and a soil body treatment chamber; geotextile is arranged on the inner side surface of the drainage plate which is arranged oppositely; the soil body treatment chamber is internally provided with a PPR pipeline with an opening; an anode iron net and a cathode iron net are arranged in the soil body processing chamber and close to the geotextile. The device is simple in structure, can be used for realizing non-embedded continuous observation of the displacement field inside the soil body and the heavy metal migration process of river and lake bottom mud heavy metal pollutant separation, in-situ solidification and foundation reinforcement combined treatment, and evaluating the treatment effect of the heavy metal pollutants at each stage. The method for testing heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation reinforcement of the river and lake bottom mud is further provided, so that the efficiency of removing the heavy metal in the soil body is greatly improved, and the foundation reinforcement effect is achieved; the method is simple and effective and has wide applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of visual model test technology, electroosmosis technology and foundation reinforcement technology, and particularly relates to a test device and a test method for heavy metal precipitation and solidification of river and lake bottom mud and foundation reinforcement.
Background
A large amount of wastewater is generated to rivers by electroplating, mining and chemical departments, and along with long-term discharge, a large amount of heavy metal elements such as Cu, Zn, Ni or Cr are accumulated in bottom mud of rivers and lakes, so that plant growth and development are hindered, and even great harm is caused to human bodies. Therefore, heavy metal pollutants in the bottom mud of rivers and lakes need to be separated out or solidified in situ, and the bottom mud of rivers and lakes and the side slopes of river channels need to be subjected to foundation reinforcement treatment. The traditional method for treating the polluted river and lake bottom mud mainly comprises a precipitation method, an oxidation-reduction method, an ion exchange method and an adsorption method, and the technical methods have the defects of large dosage of a medicament application agent, slow reaction and unsatisfactory treatment effect. The electric restoration technology is characterized in that an electrode is inserted into polluted river and lake bottom mud and direct current is introduced, pollutants in the river and lake bottom mud directionally move under the action of an external direct current field and are accumulated near the electrode, the electrode is periodically extracted for treatment, the pollutants can be removed, and the method is a method for efficiently removing the pollutants in the bottom mud. The migration rule and the precipitation efficiency of pollutants under the action of a direct current electric field are key problems in treatment of heavy metal pollutants in bottom mud of rivers and lakes; however, since the migration process of pollutants cannot be visually observed in the conventional electric repairing technology, the treatment effect cannot be accurately evaluated. In addition, the research on heavy metal pollutant precipitation treatment, in-situ solidification treatment, river and lake bottom mud and river slope reinforcement in the traditional technology is independently carried out, an organic whole is not formed, and a test device and a method related to the research on the combined treatment technology are lacked. Therefore, it is a direction for relevant scientific research technicians to strive for a visual model test device and a test method for precipitation, in-situ solidification and foundation reinforcement of heavy metal pollutants in river and lake bottom mud.
Before the patent of the invention, the utility model 'electric repairing device for removing heavy metal and organic pollutant in soil' (patent number: ZL 201120524796.2) discloses an electric repairing device for removing heavy metal and organic pollutant in soil, which comprises an electric repairing column, an electrode, an electrolytic cell, an electrolyte processing pool, an acidimeter and a direct current power supply; the Chinese invention patent 'electroosmotic consolidation test device and method for reinforcing soft clay foundation' (patent number: ZL201610231646. X) discloses an electroosmotic consolidation test device and method for reinforcing soft clay foundation, which comprises a model groove, electrodes, an electric potential measuring needle, a drainage channel and a real-time image collecting system. However, the existing electric restoration technology device and the electroosmosis foundation reinforcement test device have the following defects: 1) the migration process and treatment effect of the heavy metal pollutants can not be observed visually, and 2) the existing test device is relatively complex and has single use. Therefore, it is very important to develop a safe, reliable, non-embedded, visual test device and test method for continuously observing the whole process of heavy metal precipitation, in-situ solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud based on a visual model test technology of a transparent soil material and a digital image processing technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a test device and a test method for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud, and solves the technical problem that the whole process of heavy metal precipitation, in-situ solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud cannot be visually and continuously observed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a test device for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud comprises a transparent model groove, wherein a group of drainage plates which are oppositely arranged are detachably connected in the transparent model groove, and the drainage plates divide the transparent model groove into a drainage chamber and a soil body treatment chamber for filling a transparent soil sample; a drain hole is formed in the bottom surface of the drain chamber; geotextile is arranged on the inner side face of the drainage plate opposite to the drainage plate; an anode and a cathode are arranged in the soil body processing chamber and close to the geotextile, and the anode and the cathode are oppositely arranged.
Furthermore, the water outlet end of the drain hole is connected with the measuring cylinder through a soft conduit.
Further, the transparent model groove comprises a bottom plate and a side plate, the bottom plate is made of organic glass, and the side plate is made of toughened glass; the thickness of organic glass is 20~30mm, the thickness of toughened glass is 8~10 mm.
Furthermore, penetrate can dismantle in the soil body treatment chamber and connect a plurality of PPR pipelines of even trompil in area.
Furthermore, a sliding groove is formed in the inner bottom surface of the transparent mold groove, and the drainage plate is connected with the sliding groove in a sliding mode.
A test method for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud comprises the following steps:
preparing a correspondingly sized test device according to the test requirements as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4;
preparing a transparent soil sample containing heavy metal pollutants;
filling a transparent soil sample containing heavy metal pollutants into a soil body treatment chamber, and arranging a water content, potential and resistance testing element in the filled transparent soil sample;
preparing a direct current power supply, and connecting the electrode with the direct current power supply; arranging a high-definition high-speed camera and a linear laser in the right front and the side of the transparent mold groove respectively;
opening a direct current power supply to electrically repair the transparent soil sample containing the heavy metal pollutants, taking a picture every 1-2 s by using a high-definition high-speed camera, and collecting the migration rule and precipitation condition of the heavy metal pollutants;
measuring the content of heavy metal pollutants, the pH value and the ion concentration in a drainage chamber;
when the precipitation condition of the heavy metal pollutants tends to be stable, discharging the liquid containing the heavy metals in the drainage chamber through the drainage hole, filling a curing solution into the drainage chamber, and observing the in-situ curing condition of the soil in the soil treatment chamber;
after solidification is finished, the power supply is turned off, the bearing plate is arranged on the soil body in the soil body treatment chamber, weights are applied step by step, and bearing plate settlement and foundation settlement are obtained through a high-definition high-speed camera, so that a load-displacement relation curve and a limit bearing force value of the treated foundation are obtained;
and closing the high-definition high-speed camera and the linear laser, and analyzing physical photos obtained by shooting by the high-definition high-speed camera by using a computer and a digital image processing system to form a displacement field for precipitation and migration of heavy metal pollutants, in-situ solidification and soil body reinforcement and drainage.
Further, the solidification solution is a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 15-20% and a sodium silicate solution with the concentration of 15-20%; the calcium chloride solution and the sodium silicate solution are respectively filled in the drainage chamber.
Further, the transparent soil sample is artificially synthesized transparent clay; the artificially synthesized transparent clay is prepared from the following materials: weighing carbomer U10, purified water and NaOH powder according to the mixing ratio to prepare; or weighing the lithium magnesium silicate and the purified water according to the mixing ratio to prepare; or colorless pore liquid with the refractive index consistent with that of the silicon dioxide or the perfluorinated cyclic polymer is prepared by one or more of solutions of potassium pyrophosphate bromide dihydrate and magnesium chloride hexahydrate and is mixed with the silicon dioxide or the perfluorinated cyclic polymer to form the compound.
Further, the preparation of the transparent soil sample containing the heavy metal pollutants comprises the following specific steps: preparing the heavy metal pollutants with the concentration of 0.4-0.5 mol/L and the volume of 60-80 ml, and mixing the prepared heavy metal pollutants into a transparent soil sample.
Further, the heavy metal pollutant is a copper sulfate solution or a chromium chloride solution. The colored solution plays a role in facilitating observation.
Furthermore, the data acquisition instrument consists of a controller, a power supply, a data acquisition device, a universal meter, a PH meter and a conductivity meter and is connected with the stress or deformation sensor.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the method can realize non-embedded continuous observation of the displacement field and the heavy metal migration process in the soil body, can realize the combined treatment of the precipitation, the in-situ solidification and the foundation reinforcement of the heavy metal pollutants in the river and lake bottom mud, can evaluate the treatment effect of the heavy metal pollutants in each stage, and can discuss the feasibility of the combined treatment scheme. Heavy metal pollutants in the polluted soil are effectively separated out, and the removal efficiency of the heavy metals in the soil is greatly improved; and simultaneously has foundation reinforcement effect. The device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, can realize visualization of a pollutant migration process and a foundation settlement effect, and is simple and effective in test method and wide in applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a test device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a transparent mold slot of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a layout view of the vicinity of the anode of the transparent model cell of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an overall layout view of the test apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-transparent mould groove; 2-a drainage plate; 3-geotextile; 4-an anode; 5-a cathode; 6, a potential measuring pin; 7-a chute; 8-fixing the bolt; 9-a drain hole; 10-a soil treatment chamber; 11-a drainage chamber; 12-a carrier plate; 13-weight; 14-a direct current power supply; 15-a linear laser; 16-high definition high speed camera.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in figures 1-4, the river and lake bottom mud heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization test device comprises a transparent model groove 1, wherein a group of drainage plates 2 which are oppositely arranged are detachably connected in the transparent model groove 1, and the drainage plates 2 divide the transparent model groove 1 into a drainage chamber 11 and a soil body treatment chamber 10 for filling a transparent soil sample. The inner side face of the drainage plate 2 which is arranged oppositely is provided with geotechnical cloth 6, and the bottom end of the geotechnical cloth 6 is connected with the inner bottom face of the transparent model groove 1. An anode 4 and a cathode 5 are arranged in the soil body processing chamber 10 and close to the geotextile 6, the anode 4 and the cathode 5 are oppositely arranged, and binding posts on the anode 4 and the cathode 5 are connected with a direct current power supply 14.
The inner bottom surface of the transparent mould groove 1 is provided with a sliding groove 7, and the bottom of the drainage plate 2 is in sliding connection with the sliding groove 7. In this embodiment, the chute 7 is made of stainless steel, and is fixed at the bottom of the transparent mold groove 1, and the length is 30-100 mm. Set up fixing bolt 8 on the side of transparent model groove 1, fixing bolt 8's output is connected with the side of drain bar 2, promotes drain bar 2 and slides on spout 7 to required position through rotating fixing bolt 8. The fixing bolts are made of stainless steel and are uniformly distributed on the side faces of the transparent mold grooves 1 which are arranged face to face, the length of each bolt is 80-120 mm, 4-8 bolts are arranged on one side, and the two sides are symmetrically arranged.
The bottom surface of the drainage chamber 11 is provided with a drainage hole 9, and the geotextile 6 completely covers the drainage plate 2, so that the effect of preventing the transparent soil sample from flowing into the drainage chamber 11 and blocking the drainage hole 9 is achieved. The water outlet end of the water outlet hole 9 is connected with the measuring cylinder through a soft conduit.
The length of the transparent mold groove 1 is 400-440 mm, the width is 200-230 mm, and the height is 200-240 mm; the soil body treatment chamber has the length of 300-350 mm, the width of 180-200 mm and the height of 180-200 mm. The transparent model groove 1 comprises a bottom plate and a side plate, wherein the bottom plate is made of organic glass, and the side plate is made of toughened glass. The thickness of the organic glass of the bottom plate is 20-30 mm, and the maximum pressure of 100-120 kPa at the upper part can be borne. The thickness of the tempered glass of the peripheral side plates is 8-10 mm.
In the practical use process, a high-definition high-speed camera 16 and a linear laser 15 are respectively arranged right in front of and on the side surface of the transparent model groove 1; the picture information obtained by the high-definition high-speed camera 16 is collected by a computer. A potential measuring needle 6 is inserted into a transparent soil sample in the soil body processing chamber 10. The data acquisition instrument is in the prior art, consists of a controller, a power supply, a data acquisition unit, a universal meter, a PH meter and a conductivity meter, and is connected with a corresponding stress or deformation sensor.
In this embodiment, the soil treatment chamber 10 is detachably connected to a plurality of PPR pipes with uniform openings. The diameter of PPR pipeline is 18~20mm, and the pipe shaft of PPR pipeline evenly sets up 5~8 trompils for evenly pour into transparent soil sample with the pollutant in.
The test device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, can be used for effectively separating out heavy metal pollutants in a soil body, greatly improves the removal efficiency of the heavy metals in the soil body, and can effectively realize the visualization of the pollutant migration process and the foundation settlement effect.
Examples 1,
The embodiment provides a visual test method for heavy metal precipitation and foundation reinforcement of river and lake bottom mud, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a visual test device with a corresponding size according to test requirements; the visual test device comprises a transparent model groove 1, a drain bar 2, a geotextile 3, an anode iron net, a cathode iron net and a data acquisition instrument. In the embodiment, the length of the transparent mold groove 1 is 400mm, the width thereof is 200mm, and the height thereof is 200 mm; the soil treatment chamber 10 has a length of 300mm, a width of 180mm and a height of 180 mm. The bottom thickness of transparent mould type groove 1 is 20mm, and the curb plate thickness of transparent mould type groove 1 is 8 mm. The side wall of the drainage plate 2 close to the soil body processing chamber 10 is sequentially provided with a fully-covered geotextile 3 and an electrode; the bottom surface of the drainage chamber 11 is provided with a drainage hole 9, and the water outlet end of the drainage hole 9 is connected with the measuring cylinder through a soft conduit.
And step two, preparing a saturated transparent soil sample. The transparent clay sample is made of perfluoro cyclic polymer and colorless pore liquid formed by potassium pyrophosphate dihydrate solution with the same refractive index, and is prepared by the steps of material preparation, mixing, vacuumizing and consolidation.
Step three, preparing 70ml of copper sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.4 mol/L, and mixing heavy metal pollutants into the prepared artificially synthesized transparent clay.
And step four, filling the transparent clay material containing the heavy metal pollutants into the soil body processing chamber 10 in the transparent model groove in a layered mode to reach the designed height, and reserving a part of transparent soil sample for measuring the initial shear strength and the water content of the transparent soil sample. According to the test requirements, testing components for water content, potential and resistivity are arranged in the transparent clay material containing heavy metal pollutants in the soil body treatment chamber 10.
And step five, arranging a test device. Arranging relative positions of a transparent model groove 1, a direct current power supply 14, a high-definition high-speed camera 16, a linear laser 15, a computer and a digital image processing system, and arranging the high-definition high-speed camera 16 and the linear laser 15 at the right front side and the side surface of the transparent model groove 1 respectively; the picture information obtained by the high-definition high-speed camera 16 is collected by a computer. The electrodes are connected to a dc power supply 14 by wires. The voltage of the DC power supply 14 is 70-110V, and the current is 50-140A, in this embodiment, the voltage of the DC power supply 14 is 110V, and the current is 100A.
Opening a direct current power supply to electrically repair the transparent clay containing the heavy metal pollutants, taking a picture every 1-2 s by using a high-definition high-speed camera 16, and collecting the migration rule and precipitation condition of the heavy metal pollutants; the method comprises the steps of measuring the content, PH and ion concentration of heavy metal pollutants in a drainage chamber 11, replacing liquid containing the heavy metal pollutants with 20% of calcium chloride solution and 20% of sodium silicate solution in the drainage chamber 11 close to an anode 4 and a cathode 5 respectively when the precipitation condition of the heavy metal pollutants tends to be stable, continuing turning on a direct-current power supply 14, taking a picture every 1-2 s by a high-definition high-speed camera 16, and collecting the in-situ solidification condition of the heavy metal pollutants by a solidified solution; and after the heavy metal pollutants are cured on site, continuing to electrify, performing reinforcement treatment on the foundation, and evaluating the reinforcement effect of the foundation through foundation settlement and pre-arranged moisture content and resistivity test components.
And step seven, turning off the direct-current power supply 14, arranging the bearing plate 12 on the surface of the treated transparent soil, applying weights 13 step by step, and obtaining the settlement of the bearing plate 12 and the settlement of the foundation through a high-definition high-speed camera 16, so as to obtain a load-displacement relation curve and a limit bearing force value of the treated foundation.
And step eight, closing the high-definition high-speed camera 16 and the linear laser 15, and analyzing physical photos obtained by shooting by the high-definition high-speed camera 16 by using a computer and a digital image processing system to form a displacement field for precipitation and migration of heavy metal pollutants, in-situ solidification and foundation reinforcement drainage. Finally, the mechanism research work of the whole process of heavy metal precipitation, in-situ solidification and foundation reinforcement of the river and lake bottom mud is completed.
Examples 2,
The embodiment provides a visual test method for heavy metal precipitation and foundation reinforcement of river and lake bottom mud, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a visual test device with a corresponding size according to test requirements; the visual test device comprises a transparent model groove 1, a drain bar 2, a geotextile 3, a PPR pipeline with a hole, an anode iron net, a cathode iron net and a data acquisition instrument. In this embodiment, the length of the transparent mold groove 1 is 420mm, the width thereof is 210mm, and the height thereof is 220 mm; the soil treatment chamber 10 has a length of 320mm, a width of 200mm and a height of 220 mm. The bottom thickness of transparent mould type groove 1 is 20mm, and the curb plate thickness of transparent mould type groove 1 is 8 mm. The side wall of the drainage plate 2 close to the soil body processing chamber 10 is sequentially provided with a fully-covered geotextile 3 and an electrode; the bottom surface of the drainage chamber 11 is provided with a drainage hole 9, and the water outlet end of the drainage hole 9 is connected with the measuring cylinder through a soft conduit.
And step two, preparing a saturated transparent soil sample. The transparent soil sample is transparent clay according to 1: 98.8: carbomer U10, purified water and NaOH powder are weighed according to the mixing proportion of 0.2, and are prepared at room temperature to form the artificially synthesized transparent clay.
And step three, preparing 80ml of chromium chloride solution with the concentration of 0.5 mol/L.
And step four, filling the transparent clay material without the heavy metal pollutants into the soil body treatment chamber 10 in the transparent model groove to a designed height in a layered mode, uniformly arranging 4 PPR pipes with openings in the soil body treatment chamber, then injecting the prepared chromium chloride solution into the transparent clay through the PPR pipes with the openings, and enabling the heavy metal pollutant solution to freely diffuse in the transparent clay material or assisting the diffusion of the heavy metal pollutant solution by using direct current. And reserving a part of the transparent soil sample for measuring the initial shear strength and the water content. According to the test requirements, testing components and parts for moisture content, potential and resistivity are arranged in a transparent clay material containing heavy metal pollutants in a soil body treatment chamber.
And step five, arranging a test device. Arranging relative positions of a transparent model groove 1, a direct current power supply 14, a high-definition high-speed camera 16, a linear laser 15, a computer and a digital image processing system, and arranging the high-definition high-speed camera 16 and the linear laser 15 at the right front side and the side surface of the transparent model groove 1 respectively; and acquiring picture information obtained by the high-definition high-speed camera through a computer. The electrodes are connected to a dc power supply 14 by wires. The voltage of the DC power supply 14 is 70-110V, and the current is 50-140A, in this embodiment, the voltage of the DC power supply 14 is 70V, and the current is 50A.
Step six, turning on a direct-current power supply 14 to electrically repair the transparent clay containing the heavy metal pollutants, taking a picture every 1-2 s by using a high-definition high-speed camera 16, and collecting the migration rule and precipitation condition of the heavy metal pollutants; the method comprises the steps of measuring the content, PH and ion concentration of heavy metal pollutants in a drainage chamber 11, replacing liquid containing the heavy metal pollutants with 15% of calcium chloride solution and 15% of sodium silicate solution in the drainage chamber 11 close to an anode 4 and a cathode 5 respectively when the precipitation condition of the heavy metal pollutants tends to be stable, continuing turning on a direct-current power supply 14, taking a picture every 1-2 s by a high-definition high-speed camera 16, and collecting the in-situ solidification condition of the heavy metal pollutants by a solidified solution; and after the heavy metal pollutants are cured on site, continuing to electrify, performing reinforcement treatment on the foundation, and evaluating the reinforcement effect of the foundation through foundation settlement and pre-arranged moisture content and resistivity test components.
And step seven, turning off the direct-current power supply 14, arranging the bearing plate 12 on the surface of the treated transparent soil, applying weights 13 step by step, and obtaining the settlement of the bearing plate 12 and the settlement of the foundation through a high-definition high-speed camera 16, so as to obtain a load-displacement relation curve and a limit bearing force value of the treated foundation.
And step eight, closing the high-definition high-speed camera 16 and the linear laser 15, and analyzing physical photos obtained by shooting by the high-definition high-speed camera 16 by using a computer and a digital image processing system to form a displacement field for precipitation and migration of heavy metal pollutants, in-situ solidification and foundation reinforcement drainage. Finally, the mechanism research work of the whole process of heavy metal precipitation, in-situ solidification and foundation reinforcement of the river and lake bottom mud is completed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The test device for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud is characterized by comprising a transparent model groove, wherein a group of drainage plates which are oppositely arranged are detachably connected in the transparent model groove, and the drainage plates divide the transparent model groove into a drainage chamber and a soil body treatment chamber for filling a transparent soil sample;
a drain hole is formed in the bottom surface of the drain chamber; geotextile is arranged on the inner side face of the drainage plate opposite to the drainage plate;
an anode and a cathode are arranged in the soil body processing chamber and close to the geotextile, and the anode and the cathode are oppositely arranged.
2. The test device for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud according to claim 1, wherein the water outlet end of the drain hole is connected with the measuring cylinder through a flexible conduit.
3. The test device for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud according to claim 1, wherein the transparent model groove comprises a bottom plate and a side plate, the bottom plate is made of organic glass, and the side plate is made of tempered glass; the thickness of organic glass is 20~30mm, the thickness of toughened glass is 8~10 mm.
4. The test device for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of PPR pipelines with uniform openings are detachably connected in the soil body treatment chamber.
5. The test device for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud according to claim 1, wherein a sliding groove is formed in the inner bottom surface of the transparent mold groove, and the drainage plate is connected with the sliding groove in a sliding mode.
6. A test method for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a correspondingly sized test device according to the test requirements as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4;
preparing a transparent soil sample containing heavy metal pollutants;
filling a transparent soil sample containing heavy metal pollutants into a soil body treatment chamber, and arranging a water content, potential and resistance testing element in the filled transparent soil sample;
preparing a direct current power supply, and connecting the electrode with the direct current power supply; arranging a high-definition high-speed camera and a linear laser in the right front and the side of the transparent mold groove respectively;
opening a direct current power supply to electrically repair the transparent soil sample containing the heavy metal pollutants, taking a picture every 1-2 s by using a high-definition high-speed camera, and collecting the migration rule and precipitation condition of the heavy metal pollutants;
measuring the content of heavy metal pollutants, the pH value and the ion concentration in a drainage chamber;
when the precipitation condition of the heavy metal pollutants tends to be stable, discharging the liquid containing the heavy metals in the drainage chamber through the drainage hole, filling a curing solution into the drainage chamber, and observing the in-situ curing condition of the soil in the soil treatment chamber;
after solidification is finished, the power supply is turned off, the bearing plate is arranged on the soil body in the soil body treatment chamber, weights are applied step by step, and bearing plate settlement and foundation settlement are obtained through a high-definition high-speed camera, so that a load-displacement relation curve and a limit bearing force value of the treated foundation are obtained;
and closing the high-definition high-speed camera and the linear laser, and analyzing physical photos obtained by shooting by the high-definition high-speed camera by using a computer and a digital image processing system to form a displacement field for precipitation and migration of heavy metal pollutants, in-situ solidification and soil body reinforcement and drainage.
7. The test method for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud according to claim 6, wherein the solidification solution is a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 15-20% and a sodium silicate solution with a concentration of 15-20%; the calcium chloride solution and the sodium silicate solution are respectively filled in the drainage chamber.
8. The test method for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud according to claim 6, wherein the transparent soil sample is artificially synthesized transparent clay; the artificially synthesized transparent clay is prepared from the following materials: weighing carbomer U10, purified water and NaOH powder according to the mixing ratio to prepare; or weighing the lithium magnesium silicate and the purified water according to the mixing ratio to prepare; or colorless pore liquid with the refractive index consistent with that of the silicon dioxide or the perfluorinated cyclic polymer is prepared by one or more of solutions of potassium pyrophosphate bromide dihydrate and magnesium chloride hexahydrate and is mixed with the silicon dioxide or the perfluorinated cyclic polymer to form the compound.
9. The test method for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud according to claim 6, wherein the preparation of the transparent soil sample containing heavy metal pollutants comprises: preparing the heavy metal pollutants with the concentration of 0.4-0.5 mol/L and the volume of 60-80 ml, and mixing the prepared heavy metal pollutants into a transparent soil sample.
10. The test method for heavy metal precipitation, solidification and foundation stabilization of river and lake bottom mud according to claim 9, wherein the heavy metal contaminant is a copper sulfate solution or a chromium chloride solution.
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