CN116147808B - A detection method of a residual stress in-situ detection device for complex ferromagnetic components - Google Patents
A detection method of a residual stress in-situ detection device for complex ferromagnetic components Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及残余应力检测技术领域，尤其是涉及一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法。The invention relates to the technical field of residual stress detection, and in particular to a detection method of an in-situ detection device for residual stress of complex ferromagnetic components.
背景技术Background technique
应力检测技术主要分为有损伤检测和无损伤检测技术，有损伤应力检测技术是一种通过测量去除结构物材料过程中完全或部分释放应力时产生的位移，而间接推断结构物的应力的残余应力检测方法。该技术依赖于对结构物变形量的测量。目前常用的有损应力检测技术有压痕法、切片法、轮廓法、盲孔法和深孔法等。无损伤应力检测技术主要根据物理效应，通过间接的测量与应力相关的物理量，进行应力测量，目前应用或研究比较广泛的技术包括X射线衍射法、中子衍射法、超声波法和电磁方法。Stress detection technology is mainly divided into damage detection and non-damage detection technology. Damage stress detection technology is a method of indirectly inferring the residual stress of a structure by measuring the displacement generated when the stress is completely or partially released during the removal of the material of the structure. Stress detection method. This technique relies on measuring the deformation of a structure. Currently commonly used destructive stress detection techniques include indentation method, slicing method, contour method, blind hole method and deep hole method. Non-destructive stress detection technology mainly performs stress measurement based on physical effects and indirectly measures physical quantities related to stress. Technologies currently widely used or studied include X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, ultrasonic and electromagnetic methods.
电磁方法主要基于技术磁化过程中的磁滞效应、巴克豪森效应和逆磁致伸缩各向异性效应等物理效应与应力的关系间接地测量应力。常用的技术有：增量磁导率法、巴克豪森噪声法、交流电磁场应力检测技术、逆磁致伸缩检测技术(或磁各向异性应力检测法)、金属磁记忆法(微磁检测技术)和涡流检测技术等。相较于其他方法，电磁方法探头不需要与试件接触、无需耦合剂、对试件表面要求不高等优点。The electromagnetic method mainly measures stress indirectly based on the relationship between physical effects and stress such as hysteresis effect, Barkhausen effect and inverse magnetostrictive anisotropy effect in the technical magnetization process. Commonly used technologies include: incremental magnetic permeability method, Barkhausen noise method, AC electromagnetic field stress detection technology, inverse magnetostriction detection technology (or magnetic anisotropy stress detection method), metal magnetic memory method (micromagnetic detection technology) ) and eddy current testing technology, etc. Compared with other methods, the electromagnetic method probe does not need to be in contact with the specimen, does not require coupling agent, and has low requirements on the surface of the specimen.
原位检测是一种常用于现代航空维修领域的新技术，常用方法有光学目视、射线、磁粉、渗透、超声波和涡流等。该技术可在狭小空间与较差现场条件下对处于装配状态下的被检测结构件进行无损检测，从而节省结构件拆卸安装的时间，避免拆卸不当造成的人为故障和结构件损伤。在进行原位检测时应满足可接近性原则与通用性原则，即在对未拆卸构件进行检测时，检测探头应具有较小尺寸，并对检测面贴合效果较好，且可对不同大小构件，不同表面状况的表面进行检测。In-situ inspection is a new technology commonly used in the field of modern aviation maintenance. Commonly used methods include optical vision, radiation, magnetic particles, penetration, ultrasonic and eddy current. This technology can perform non-destructive testing on the inspected structural parts in an assembled state in a small space and poor on-site conditions, thereby saving time on disassembly and installation of structural parts and avoiding human failures and damage to structural parts caused by improper disassembly. When performing in-situ inspection, the principles of accessibility and versatility should be met. That is, when inspecting undisassembled components, the inspection probe should have a smaller size and have a better fit to the inspection surface, and can detect different sizes. Components, surfaces with different surface conditions are inspected.
交流电磁场应力检测技术(ACSM,Alternating Current Stress Measurement)是一种简化磁各向异性应力检测技术，采用矩形线圈在试件表面感应出均匀的单向电磁场，依据逆磁致伸缩效应，在弱磁场下测量应力引起的磁化场磁通量变化，进行应力测量和评估。在检测时具有非接触、无需耦合剂、无需对待测表面进行处理等优点。但目前该方法主要在实验室中开展对低碳钢的单向拉伸实验，仅限于对应力弹性阶段特征信号的分析。当外加激励场方向与应力方向垂直时检测效果最好，但激励场方向与应力方向平行时，特征信号基本不发生变化，具有激励磁场方向单一，特征信号不够丰富，尚未对不同材料、热处理工艺、表面质量工件的特征信号进行系统分析等问题。对在役复杂铁磁构件进行检测时，无法快速判断残余应力大小及方向，且特征信号易受构件不同材料组分影响而降低检测质量，从而对在役构件的寿命评估，工程项目的安全进行造成影响。ACSM (Alternating Current Stress Measurement) is a simplified magnetic anisotropic stress detection technology. It uses a rectangular coil to induce a uniform unidirectional electromagnetic field on the surface of the specimen. Based on the inverse magnetostriction effect, in the weak magnetic field Measure the change in magnetizing field flux caused by stress to perform stress measurement and evaluation. It has the advantages of non-contact, no coupling agent, and no need to process the surface to be tested during detection. However, at present, this method is mainly used to carry out uniaxial tensile experiments on low carbon steel in the laboratory, and is limited to the analysis of characteristic signals in the stress elastic stage. The detection effect is best when the direction of the external excitation field is perpendicular to the direction of stress. However, when the direction of the excitation field is parallel to the direction of stress, the characteristic signal basically does not change. The direction of the excitation magnetic field is single and the characteristic signal is not rich enough. Different materials and heat treatment processes have not yet been tested. , systematic analysis of characteristic signals of surface quality workpieces and other issues. When inspecting complex ferromagnetic components in service, it is impossible to quickly determine the magnitude and direction of residual stress, and the characteristic signals are easily affected by different material components of the components, which reduces the quality of the inspection, thereby evaluating the life of the components in service and ensuring the safety of the engineering project. cause impact.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法，解决现有的特征信号不丰富，机械旋转探头影响残余应力测量精度的问题；具有能够对在役复杂铁磁构件的曲面、复杂内腔进行残余应力的原位检测。The purpose of the invention is to provide a detection method of a residual stress in-situ detection device for complex ferromagnetic components, to solve the problem that the existing characteristic signals are not abundant and the mechanical rotation probe affects the residual stress measurement accuracy; it has the ability to detect complex ferromagnetic components in service. Conduct in-situ detection of residual stress on curved surfaces and complex inner cavities of components.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置，包括检测探头，检测探头通过供电输入孔与电源连接；检测探头包括壳体，壳体的底部设置有柔性的底板，壳体的内部设置有激励线圈、滤波模块、芯片和磁电阻传感器，磁电阻传感器与芯片和滤波模块连接，激励线圈通过激励输入孔与信号发生器连接，滤波模块通过检测输出孔与锁相放大器连接，锁相放大器与信号采集模块连接，信号采集模块与计算机连接。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an in-situ detection device for residual stress of complex ferromagnetic components, including a detection probe, which is connected to the power supply through a power supply input hole; the detection probe includes a shell, and a flexible The bottom plate and the shell are equipped with an excitation coil, a filter module, a chip and a magnetoresistive sensor. The magnetoresistive sensor is connected to the chip and the filter module. The excitation coil is connected to the signal generator through the excitation input hole. The filter module is connected to the lock through the detection output hole. The phase amplifier is connected, the lock-in amplifier is connected with the signal acquisition module, and the signal acquisition module is connected with the computer.
优选的，所述激励线圈包括正交缠绕的线圈一和线圈二，线圈一和线圈二分别通入幅值相同、相位相差90°的交变激励电流。Preferably, the excitation coil includes orthogonally wound coil one and coil two, and coil one and coil two are respectively supplied with alternating excitation currents with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90°.
优选的，所述磁电阻传感器为三轴隧道磁电阻传感器，使用单传感器采集空间中X、Y两个方向的磁感应信号作为特征信号。Preferably, the magnetoresistive sensor is a three-axis tunnel magnetoresistive sensor, which uses a single sensor to collect magnetic induction signals in the X and Y directions in space as characteristic signals.
优选的，所述底板为聚酰亚胺柔性板。Preferably, the base plate is a polyimide flexible plate.
复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法，包括以下步骤：The detection method of the residual stress in-situ detection device of complex ferromagnetic components includes the following steps:
S1、将检测探头置于铁磁构件的表面，通过电源和信号发生器对检测探头进行供电和激励信号输入；S1. Place the detection probe on the surface of the ferromagnetic component, and provide power supply and excitation signal input to the detection probe through the power supply and signal generator;
S2、激励线圈在铁磁构件表面内感应出强度近似均匀，方向旋转的电磁场，作为激励磁场，在铁磁构件的表面产生多方向磁化场，使用磁电阻传感器采集空间中X、Y两方向磁感应信号；S2. The excitation coil induces an electromagnetic field with approximately uniform intensity and rotating direction in the surface of the ferromagnetic component. As an excitation magnetic field, a multi-directional magnetization field is generated on the surface of the ferromagnetic component. A magnetoresistive sensor is used to collect the magnetic induction in the X and Y directions in space. Signal;
S3、滤波模块和芯片对磁电阻传感器检测信号进行滤波，将滤波后的信号送入锁相放大器进行信号放大处理，然后经信号采集模块采集检测探头Bx、By两路检测信号虚部和实部至计算机；S3. The filter module and chip filter the detection signal of the magnetoresistive sensor, send the filtered signal to the lock-in amplifier for signal amplification processing, and then collect the imaginary part and sum of the two detection signals of the detection probes B x and B y through the signal acquisition module real part to computer;
S4、计算机获得Bx、By检测信号幅值Vx、Vy，通过两路检测信号幅值平方根对应力大小进行量化，通过两路检测信号幅值比/>判断主应力方向。S4. The computer obtains the B x and By y detection signal amplitudes Vx and Vy, and passes the square root of the two detection signal amplitudes To quantify the stress, the amplitude ratio of the two-channel detection signals/> Determine the direction of principal stress.
优选的，所述S4中，应力大小量化、主应力方向判断的具体步骤为：Preferably, in S4, the specific steps for quantifying the stress and judging the direction of the principal stress are:
S41、通过电源和信号发生器对检测探头进行供电和激励信号输入；S41. Provide power supply and excitation signal input to the detection probe through the power supply and signal generator;
S42、采用拉伸机在小步长载荷与角度条件下对铁磁试件进行单向拉伸，将检测探头在铁磁试件上旋转，模拟铁磁试件不同方向应力，应力方向夹角定义为磁电阻传感器检测敏感方向X与拉力方向的夹角；S42. Use a tensile machine to unidirectionally stretch the ferromagnetic specimen under small step load and angle conditions. Rotate the detection probe on the ferromagnetic specimen to simulate the stress in different directions of the ferromagnetic specimen and the angle between the stress directions. It is defined as the angle between the sensitive direction X detected by the magnetoresistive sensor and the pulling force direction;
S43、滤波模块和芯片对磁电阻传感器检测信号进行滤波，将滤波后的信号送入锁相放大器进行信号放大处理，然后经信号采集模块采集检测探头Bx、By两路检测信号虚部和实部至计算机；S43. The filter module and chip filter the detection signal of the magnetoresistive sensor, send the filtered signal to the lock-in amplifier for signal amplification processing, and then collect the imaginary part and sum of the two detection signals of the detection probes B x and B y through the signal acquisition module real part to computer;
S44、计算机获得Bx、By检测信号幅值，计算两路检测信号幅值平方根和幅值比，绘制不同应力大小、不同应力方向的检测信号幅值平方根拟合曲线簇、检测信号幅值比拟合曲线簇；S44. The computer obtains the B x and By y detection signal amplitudes, calculates the square root and amplitude ratio of the two detection signal amplitudes, and draws the square root fitting curve cluster and detection signal amplitude of the detection signal amplitudes with different stress magnitudes and different stress directions. Ratio fitting curve cluster;
S45、通过检测信号幅值平方根拟合曲线簇，根据Vx与Vy的平方根，获得此时铁磁构件的应力大小；S45. Fit the curve cluster by detecting the square root of the signal amplitude, and obtain the stress of the ferromagnetic component at this time based on the square root of Vx and Vy;
S46、根据获得的铁磁构件的应力大小，通过检测信号幅值比拟合曲线簇，定位该应力大小下的曲线，根据Vx与Vy的幅值比，得出应力方向。S46. According to the obtained stress of the ferromagnetic component, fit the curve cluster by detecting the signal amplitude ratio, locate the curve under the stress, and obtain the stress direction based on the amplitude ratio of Vx and Vy.
本发明所述的一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法的优点和积极效果是：The advantages and positive effects of the detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device according to the present invention are:
1、检测探头结构简单、体积小，柔性底部可与复杂构件表面贴合，提高检测质量。检测探头具有X、Y两方向特征信号，磁化方向随时间在空间内均匀变化，可提供多方向磁化场。1. The detection probe has a simple structure and small size, and the flexible bottom can fit the surface of complex components to improve detection quality. The detection probe has characteristic signals in the X and Y directions. The magnetization direction changes uniformly in space with time, and can provide a multi-directional magnetization field.
2、在不机械旋转探头情况下，可通过对Bx、By两路输出信号进行处理，获得检测幅值Vx、Vy，通过检测幅值平方根特征量与检测幅值比/>特征量进行残余应力大小量化和方向判别。2. Without mechanically rotating the probe, the detection amplitudes V x and V y can be obtained by processing the two output signals of B x and By y . By detecting the square root of the amplitude Feature quantity and detection amplitude ratio/> The characteristic quantity is used to quantify the magnitude and direction of residual stress.
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and examples.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法实施例的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device according to the present invention;
图2为本发明一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法实施例的检测探头结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection probe according to an embodiment of the detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device according to the present invention;
图3为本发明一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法实施例的激励线圈结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation coil according to an embodiment of the detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device according to the present invention;
图4为本发明一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法实施例的检测状态结构示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the detection state of a detection method embodiment of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device according to the present invention;
图5为本发明一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法实施例的应力模拟结构示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the stress simulation structure of an embodiment of the detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device according to the present invention;
图6为本发明一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法实施例的检测信号幅值平方根曲线簇图；Figure 6 is a cluster diagram of the square root curve cluster of the detection signal amplitude according to an embodiment of the detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device according to the present invention;
图7为本发明一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法实施例的检测信号幅值比曲线簇图。Figure 7 is a cluster diagram of the detection signal amplitude ratio curve cluster according to the embodiment of the detection method of the in-situ detection device for residual stress of complex ferromagnetic components according to the present invention.
附图标记Reference signs
1、铁磁构件；2、检测探头；3、壳体；4、底板；5、激励线圈；6、磁电阻传感器；7、滤波模块；8、供电输入孔；9、激励输入孔；10、检测输出孔；11、线圈一；12、线圈二。1. Ferromagnetic component; 2. Detection probe; 3. Housing; 4. Base plate; 5. Excitation coil; 6. Magnetoresistance sensor; 7. Filter module; 8. Power supply input hole; 9. Excitation input hole; 10. Detection output hole; 11, coil one; 12, coil two.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
除非另外定义，本发明使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。Unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meaning understood by a person with ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. "First", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprising" mean that the elements or things appearing before the word include the elements or things listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or things. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to express relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
实施例Example
如图1、图2、图3所示，一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置，包括检测探头2，检测探头2通过供电输入孔8与电源连接；检测探头2包括壳体3，壳体3的底部设置有柔性的底板4，壳体3的内部设置有激励线圈5、滤波模块7、芯片和磁电阻传感器6，磁电阻传感器6与芯片和滤波模块7连接，激励线圈5通过激励输入孔9与信号发生器连接，滤波模块7通过检测输出孔10与锁相放大器连接，锁相放大器与信号采集模块连接，信号采集模块与计算机连接。As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a device for in-situ detection of residual stress of complex ferromagnetic components includes a detection probe 2, which is connected to the power supply through a power supply input hole 8; the detection probe 2 includes a shell 3, The bottom of the housing 3 is provided with a flexible bottom plate 4. The interior of the housing 3 is provided with an excitation coil 5, a filter module 7, a chip and a magnetoresistive sensor 6. The magnetoresistive sensor 6 is connected to the chip and the filter module 7, and the excitation coil 5 passes through The excitation input hole 9 is connected to the signal generator, the filter module 7 is connected to the lock-in amplifier through the detection output hole 10, the lock-in amplifier is connected to the signal acquisition module, and the signal acquisition module is connected to the computer.
激励线圈5包括正交缠绕的线圈一11和线圈二12，线圈一11和线圈二12分别通入幅值相同、相位相差90°的交变激励电流，可在铁磁构件1表面内感应出强度近似均匀，方向旋转的电磁场，作为激励磁场。在复杂铁磁构件1表面产生多方向磁化场，弥补单向磁化场的不足。The excitation coil 5 includes orthogonally wound coil one 11 and coil two 12. The coil one 11 and the coil two 12 are respectively fed with alternating excitation currents with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90°, which can be induced in the surface of the ferromagnetic component 1 An electromagnetic field with approximately uniform intensity and rotating direction serves as the excitation magnetic field. A multi-directional magnetization field is generated on the surface of the complex ferromagnetic component 1 to make up for the shortcomings of the unidirectional magnetization field.
磁电阻传感器6为三轴隧道磁电阻传感器6，使用单传感器采集空间中X、Y两个方向的磁感应信号作为特征信号。The magnetoresistive sensor 6 is a three-axis tunnel magnetoresistive sensor 6, which uses a single sensor to collect magnetic induction signals in the X and Y directions in space as characteristic signals.
底板4为聚酰亚胺柔性板，便于检测时检测探头2底部和复杂铁磁构件1待测面的贴合，从而提高检测特征信号质量。The bottom plate 4 is a polyimide flexible plate, which facilitates the fitting of the bottom of the detection probe 2 and the surface to be measured of the complex ferromagnetic component 1 during detection, thereby improving the quality of the detection characteristic signal.
选用频率均为5kHz、幅值5V、相位差相差90°的正弦信号作为激励信号，分别通入矩形激励线圈5的线圈一11和线圈二12中，从而在铁磁试件表面产生旋转电磁场。Sinusoidal signals with a frequency of 5kHz, an amplitude of 5V, and a phase difference of 90° are selected as excitation signals, and are passed into coil one 11 and coil two 12 of the rectangular excitation coil 5, thereby generating a rotating electromagnetic field on the surface of the ferromagnetic specimen.
选用±12V、+5V电源对TMR三轴隧道磁电阻传感器6、滤波模块7进行供电。Select ±12V and +5V power supplies to power the TMR three-axis tunnel magnetoresistance sensor 6 and filter module 7.
采用拉伸机将10MPa应力步长的载荷施加于铁磁试件，由于拉伸机仅产生单向拉伸应力，故在实验时通过探头不同摆放位置，人为模拟制造出不同方向应力。应力模拟示意图如图5所示。应力方向夹角定义为磁电阻传感器6检测敏感方向X与拉力方向的夹角，本实施例选用0°、30°、60°、90°。A tensile machine is used to apply a load of 10MPa stress step to the ferromagnetic specimen. Since the tensile machine only generates unidirectional tensile stress, different placement of the probe during the experiment artificially simulates stresses in different directions. The stress simulation diagram is shown in Figure 5. The angle between the stress directions is defined as the angle between the sensitive direction X detected by the magnetoresistive sensor 6 and the pulling force direction. In this embodiment, 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° are selected.
每次施加不同水平载荷，等待载荷稳定后。滤波模块7和芯片对磁电阻传感器6检测信号进行滤波，将滤波后的信号送入锁相放大器进行信号放大处理，然后经信号采集模块采集检测探头Bx、By两路检测信号虚部和实部至计算机；计算机获得Bx、By检测信号幅值Vx、Vy，计算两路检测信号幅值平方根和检测信号幅值比/>绘制检测信号幅值平方根曲线簇和检测信号幅值比曲线簇。图6为本发明一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法实施例的检测信号幅值平方根曲线簇图。如图6所示，在相同载荷的不同角度下，检测信号幅值平方根特征量变化不大，因此可认为该特征参数在检测过程中不随应力角度变化而发生变化；而不同载荷水平下，该特征参数具有较高区分度，可作为应力大小量化特征量；并且随着载荷的增大，检测信号幅值平方根逐渐的增大。Apply a different level of load each time and wait until the load stabilizes. The filter module 7 and the chip filter the detection signal of the magnetoresistive sensor 6, send the filtered signal to the lock-in amplifier for signal amplification processing, and then collect the imaginary part and sum of the two detection signals of the detection probes B x and By y through the signal acquisition module The real part is sent to the computer; the computer obtains the B x and By y detection signal amplitudes V x and V y and calculates the square root of the two detection signal amplitudes. and detection signal amplitude ratio/> Plot the detection signal amplitude square root curve cluster and the detection signal amplitude ratio curve cluster. Figure 6 is a cluster diagram of the square root curve cluster of the detection signal amplitude according to the embodiment of the detection method of the in-situ detection device for residual stress of complex ferromagnetic components according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, under different angles of the same load, the square root characteristic quantity of the detection signal amplitude does not change much, so it can be considered that the characteristic parameter does not change with the change of the stress angle during the detection process; while under different load levels, the The characteristic parameters have high discrimination and can be used as quantitative characteristic quantities of stress; and as the load increases, the square root of the detection signal amplitude gradually increases.
图7为本发明一种复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法实施例的检测信号幅值比曲线簇图。如图7所示，在相同载荷的不同角度下，检测幅值比均随着角度的增大而减小，该特征参数可作为应力方向量化特征量。随着载荷的增大，检测幅值比逐渐的增大。Figure 7 is a cluster diagram of the detection signal amplitude ratio curve cluster according to the embodiment of the detection method of the in-situ detection device for residual stress of complex ferromagnetic components according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 7, under the same load at different angles, the detection amplitude ratio decreases as the angle increases. This characteristic parameter can be used as a quantitative characteristic quantity of the stress direction. As the load increases, the detection amplitude ratio gradually increases.
如图4所示，将检测探头2置于未知应力大小及方向的铁磁构件1的表面，通过电源和信号发生器对检测探头2进行供电和激励信号输入。As shown in Figure 4, the detection probe 2 is placed on the surface of the ferromagnetic component 1 with unknown stress magnitude and direction, and the detection probe 2 is powered and the excitation signal is input through the power supply and signal generator.
激励线圈5在铁磁构件1表面内感应出强度近似均匀，方向旋转的电磁场，作为激励磁场，在铁磁构件1的表面产生多方向磁化场。The excitation coil 5 induces an electromagnetic field with approximately uniform intensity and rotating direction in the surface of the ferromagnetic component 1. As an excitation magnetic field, a multi-directional magnetization field is generated on the surface of the ferromagnetic component 1.
滤波模块7和芯片对磁电阻传感器6检测信号进行滤波，将滤波后的信号送入锁相放大器进行信号放大处理，然后经信号采集模块采集检测探头2X、Y两路检测信号虚部和实部至计算机。The filter module 7 and the chip filter the detection signal of the magnetoresistive sensor 6, send the filtered signal to the lock-in amplifier for signal amplification processing, and then collect the imaginary and real parts of the detection signals of the detection probe 2X and Y through the signal acquisition module to the computer.
计算机获得Bx、By检测信号幅值Vx、Vy，获得平方根特征量平方根特征量与计算机中平方根曲线簇进行比对，通过平方根曲线簇拟合式经平方根特征量进行计算，得到残余应力大小：The computer obtains the B x and By y detection signal amplitudes Vx and Vy, and obtains the square root characteristic quantity The square root characteristic quantity is compared with the square root curve cluster in the computer, and the residual stress size is obtained by calculating the square root characteristic quantity through the square root curve cluster fitting formula:
不同模拟角度下，平方根特征量不发生变化，因此该特征量不受残余应力方向影响，可对残余应力大小进行量化。Under different simulation angles, the square root characteristic quantity does not change, so this characteristic quantity is not affected by the direction of residual stress and can quantify the magnitude of residual stress.
根据获得的铁磁构件1的残余应力大小σ，将Vx与Vy求幅值比特征量与计算机中幅值比曲线簇图进行比对，通过幅值比曲线簇拟合式经幅值比特征量与残余应力大小σ进行计算从而得到残余应力角θ：According to the obtained residual stress size σ of the ferromagnetic component 1, the amplitude ratio characteristic quantity of Vx and Vy is calculated Compare it with the amplitude ratio curve cluster diagram in the computer, and calculate the residual stress angle θ through the amplitude ratio curve cluster fitting formula through the amplitude ratio characteristic quantity and the residual stress size σ:
得到残余应力角θ后沿旋转电磁场残余应力检测探头Bx敏感方向逆时针方向旋转θ后得到实际残余应力方向。After obtaining the residual stress angle θ, rotate θ counterclockwise along the B x sensitive direction of the rotating electromagnetic field residual stress detection probe to obtain the actual residual stress direction.
因此，本发明采用上述复杂铁磁构件残余应力原位检测装置的检测方法，在不机械旋转探头情况下获得主应力大小和方向，并能够对在役复杂铁磁构件的曲面、复杂内腔进行残余应力的原位检测。Therefore, the present invention adopts the detection method of the above-mentioned residual stress in-situ detection device of complex ferromagnetic components to obtain the principal stress magnitude and direction without mechanically rotating the probe, and can detect curved surfaces and complex inner cavities of complex ferromagnetic components in service. In situ detection of residual stress.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而这些修改或者等同替换亦不能使修改后的技术方案脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solution of the present invention may be modified or equivalently substituted, but these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solution to depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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