CN116147808B - Detection method of complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device - Google Patents
Detection method of complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116147808B CN116147808B CN202310062747.9A CN202310062747A CN116147808B CN 116147808 B CN116147808 B CN 116147808B CN 202310062747 A CN202310062747 A CN 202310062747A CN 116147808 B CN116147808 B CN 116147808B
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress
- G01L1/127—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress by using inductive means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device, which comprises a detection probe, wherein the detection probe is connected with a power supply through a power supply input hole; the detection probe comprises a shell, a flexible bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the shell, an excitation coil, a filtering module, a chip and a magnetic resistance sensor are arranged in the shell, the magnetic resistance sensor is connected with the chip and the filtering module, the excitation coil is connected with the signal generator through an excitation input hole, the filtering module is connected with a phase-locked amplifier through a detection output hole, the phase-locked amplifier is connected with a signal acquisition module, and the signal acquisition module is connected with a computer. The invention adopts the detection method of the complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device, obtains the main stress and the main stress direction under the condition of not mechanically rotating the probe, and can carry out in-situ detection of the residual stress on the curved surface and the complex inner cavity of the in-service complex ferromagnetic component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of residual stress detection, in particular to a detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device.
Background
The stress detection technology is mainly divided into a damage detection technology and a nondestructive detection technology, wherein the damage stress detection technology is a residual stress detection method for indirectly deducing the stress of a structure by measuring displacement generated when the stress is completely or partially released in the process of removing the material of the structure. The technique relies on the measurement of the amount of deformation of the structure. The existing common technology for detecting the damage stress comprises an indentation method, a slicing method, a contour method, a blind hole method, a deep hole method and the like. The nondestructive stress detection technology is mainly used for measuring stress by indirectly measuring physical quantity related to the stress according to physical effect, and the technology which is widely applied or researched at present comprises an X-ray diffraction method, a neutron diffraction method, an ultrasonic method and an electromagnetic method.
The electromagnetic method is mainly based on the relationship between physical effects such as hysteresis effect, barkhausen effect, inverse magnetostriction anisotropic effect and the like and stress in the technical magnetizing process to indirectly measure the stress. The common techniques are: an incremental permeability method, a Barkhausen noise method, an alternating current magnetic field stress detection technology, a reverse magnetostriction detection technology (or a magnetic anisotropy stress detection method), a metal magnetic memory method (a micromagnetism detection technology), an eddy current detection technology and the like. Compared with other methods, the electromagnetic method has the advantages that the probe does not need to be contacted with the test piece, does not need a coupling agent, has low requirements on the surface of the test piece and the like.
In-situ detection is a new technology commonly used in the field of modern aviation maintenance, and common methods include optical visualization, rays, magnetic powder, permeation, ultrasonic waves, vortex and the like. The technology can carry out nondestructive testing on the tested structural member in the assembled state in a narrow space and under the poor field condition, thereby saving the time for disassembling and installing the structural member and avoiding the artificial fault and structural member damage caused by improper disassembly. The in-situ detection method has the advantages that the accessibility principle and the universality principle are satisfied when in-situ detection is carried out, namely, when the undetached component is detected, the detection probe has smaller size, the laminating effect on the detection surface is better, and the detection can be carried out on the surfaces of components with different sizes and different surface conditions.
The alternating current electromagnetic field stress detection technology (ACSM, alternating Current Stress Measurement) is a simplified magnetic anisotropy stress detection technology, a rectangular coil is adopted to induce a uniform unidirectional electromagnetic field on the surface of a test piece, and the change of magnetic flux of a magnetizing field caused by stress is measured under a weak magnetic field according to the reverse magnetostriction effect to carry out stress measurement and evaluation. The method has the advantages of non-contact, no need of couplant, no need of treating the surface to be measured and the like during detection. However, the method is mainly used for carrying out unidirectional stretching experiments on low-carbon steel in a laboratory at present and is limited to analysis of characteristic signals in stress elasticity stage. The detection effect is best when the direction of the externally applied excitation field is perpendicular to the stress direction, but the characteristic signals basically do not change when the direction of the excitation field is parallel to the stress direction, and the method has the problems that the direction of the excitation field is single, the characteristic signals are not rich enough, and the characteristic signals of workpieces with different materials, heat treatment processes and surface quality are not subjected to systematic analysis. When detecting the in-service complex ferromagnetic component, the magnitude and the direction of residual stress cannot be judged quickly, and the characteristic signals are easily influenced by different material components of the component to reduce the detection quality, so that the service life evaluation of the in-service component is influenced, and the safety of engineering projects is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device, which solves the problems that the existing characteristic signals are not abundant and the measurement accuracy of the residual stress is influenced by a mechanical rotary probe; the method can be used for in-situ detection of residual stress of the curved surface and the complex inner cavity of the in-service complex ferromagnetic component.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device, which comprises a detection probe, wherein the detection probe is connected with a power supply through a power supply input hole; the detection probe comprises a shell, a flexible bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the shell, an excitation coil, a filtering module, a chip and a magnetic resistance sensor are arranged in the shell, the magnetic resistance sensor is connected with the chip and the filtering module, the excitation coil is connected with the signal generator through an excitation input hole, the filtering module is connected with a phase-locked amplifier through a detection output hole, the phase-locked amplifier is connected with a signal acquisition module, and the signal acquisition module is connected with a computer.
Preferably, the exciting coil comprises a first coil and a second coil which are wound in an orthogonal mode, and alternating exciting currents with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are respectively fed into the first coil and the second coil.
Preferably, the magnetoresistive sensor is a triaxial tunnel magnetoresistive sensor, and magnetic induction signals in two directions of X, Y in a single sensor acquisition space are used as characteristic signals.
Preferably, the bottom plate is a polyimide flexible plate.
The detection method of the complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a detection probe on the surface of a ferromagnetic component, and inputting power and excitation signals to the detection probe through a power supply and a signal generator;
s2, an electromagnetic field with approximately uniform intensity and rotating direction is induced in the surface of the ferromagnetic member by the exciting coil, a multidirectional magnetization field is generated on the surface of the ferromagnetic member as an exciting magnetic field, and magnetic induction signals in two directions of X, Y in a space are acquired by using a magnetoresistive sensor;
s3, filtering the detection signal of the magnetoresistive sensor by a filtering module and a chip, sending the filtered signal to a lock-in amplifier for signal amplification processing, and then collecting the detection probe B by a signal collecting module x 、B y Two paths of detection signals are from imaginary part and real part to a computer;
s4, obtaining B by a computer x 、B y Detecting signal amplitude Vx and Vy, and detecting the square root of the signal amplitude through two pathsQuantifying the stress magnitude by two paths of detection signal amplitude ratio +.>And judging the direction of the main stress.
Preferably, in the step S4, the specific steps of quantifying the stress and judging the main stress direction are as follows:
s41, power supply and excitation signal input are carried out on the detection probe through a power supply and a signal generator;
s42, stretching the ferromagnetic test piece in a unidirectional way by adopting a stretcher under the conditions of small step load and angle, rotating a detection probe on the ferromagnetic test piece, simulating the stress of the ferromagnetic test piece in different directions, and defining the included angle of the stress direction as the included angle between the detection sensitive direction X of the magnetic resistance sensor and the tensile direction;
s43, filtering the detection signal of the magnetoresistive sensor by a filtering module and a chip, sending the filtered signal to a lock-in amplifier for signal amplification processing, and then collecting the detection probe B by a signal collecting module x 、B y Two paths of detection signals are from imaginary part and real part to a computer;
s44, computer obtains B x 、B y Detecting signal amplitude, calculating square root and amplitude ratio of two paths of detecting signals, and drawing detection of different stress magnitudes and different stress directionsFitting curve clusters by the square root of the signal amplitude and detecting the curve clusters by the signal amplitude comparison;
s45, fitting a curve cluster by detecting the square root of the amplitude of the signal, and obtaining the stress of the ferromagnetic component at the moment according to the square root of Vx and Vy;
s46, according to the obtained stress magnitude of the ferromagnetic component, the curve under the stress magnitude is positioned by detecting the amplitude ratio of the signal to the curve cluster, and the stress direction is obtained according to the amplitude ratio of Vx to Vy.
The detection method of the complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the detection probe has simple structure and small volume, the flexible bottom can be attached to the surface of the complex component, and the detection quality is improved. The detection probe has X, Y two-direction characteristic signals, and the magnetization direction is uniformly changed in space along with time, so that a multidirectional magnetization field can be provided.
2. Without mechanically rotating the probe, the probe can be manufactured by the method of the B x 、B y Processing the two paths of output signals to obtain a detection amplitude V x 、V y By detecting the square root of the amplitudeFeature quantity to detection amplitude ratio->And carrying out quantification of the residual stress and direction discrimination on the characteristic quantity.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for detecting residual stress in situ of a complex ferromagnetic component according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detection probe according to an embodiment of the detection method of the in-situ detection device for residual stress of a complex ferromagnetic member;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exciting coil structure of an embodiment of the detection method of the complex ferromagnetic member residual stress in-situ detection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the detection state of an embodiment of the detection method of the in-situ detection device for residual stress of a complex ferromagnetic member according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a stress simulation structure of an embodiment of a detection method of an in-situ detection device for residual stress of a complex ferromagnetic member according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a square root curve of the magnitude of a detected signal for an embodiment of a detection method of a complex ferromagnetic member residual stress in situ detection device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of magnitude ratio curve clusters of detection signals for an embodiment of a detection method of a complex ferromagnetic member residual stress in situ detection device of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. A ferromagnetic member; 2. a detection probe; 3. a housing; 4. a bottom plate; 5. an exciting coil; 6. a magnetoresistive sensor; 7. a filtering module; 8. a power supply input hole; 9. an excitation input hole; 10. detecting an output hole; 11. a first coil; 12. and a second coil.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the in-situ detection device for the residual stress of the complex ferromagnetic component comprises a detection probe 2, wherein the detection probe 2 is connected with a power supply through a power supply input hole 8; the detection probe 2 comprises a shell 3, a flexible bottom plate 4 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 3, an excitation coil 5, a filtering module 7, a chip and a magnetic resistance sensor 6 are arranged in the shell 3, the magnetic resistance sensor 6 is connected with the chip and the filtering module 7, the excitation coil 5 is connected with a signal generator through an excitation input hole 9, the filtering module 7 is connected with a phase-locked amplifier through a detection output hole 10, the phase-locked amplifier is connected with a signal acquisition module, and the signal acquisition module is connected with a computer.
The exciting coil 5 comprises a first coil 11 and a second coil 12 which are wound in an orthogonal mode, alternating exciting currents with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are respectively introduced into the first coil 11 and the second coil 12, and an electromagnetic field with approximately uniform intensity and rotating direction can be induced in the surface of the ferromagnetic member 1 to serve as an exciting magnetic field. A multidirectional magnetization field is generated on the surface of the complex ferromagnetic member 1, and the defect of the unidirectional magnetization field is overcome.
The magnetoresistive sensor 6 is a triaxial tunnel magnetoresistive sensor 6, and magnetic induction signals in two directions X, Y in a single sensor acquisition space are used as characteristic signals.
The bottom plate 4 is a polyimide flexible plate, so that the bottom of the detection probe 2 is conveniently attached to the surface to be detected of the complex ferromagnetic component 1 during detection, and the quality of detection characteristic signals is improved.
Sinusoidal signals with the frequencies of 5kHz, the amplitudes of 5V and the phase difference of 90 degrees are selected as excitation signals, and the signals are respectively introduced into a first coil 11 and a second coil 12 of the rectangular excitation coil 5, so that a rotating electromagnetic field is generated on the surface of a ferromagnetic test piece.
And a power supply of +/-12V and +5V is selected to supply power to the TMR triaxial tunnel magnetoresistive sensor 6 and the filtering module 7.
The tensile machine is adopted to apply the load with the stress step length of 10MPa to the ferromagnetic test piece, and because the tensile machine only generates unidirectional tensile stress, the stress in different directions is artificially manufactured through different placing positions of the probe in the experiment. A stress simulation is shown in fig. 5. The stress direction included angle is defined as the included angle between the sensing direction X of the magnetoresistive sensor 6 and the pulling force direction, and in this embodiment, 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, 90 ° are selected.
Each time a different horizontal load is applied, the load is waited for to stabilize. The filtering module 7 and the chip filter the detection signal of the magnetoresistive sensor 6, send the filtered signal into a phase-locked amplifier for signal amplification processing, and then acquire the detection probe B through a signal acquisition module x 、B y Two paths of detection signals are from imaginary part and real part to a computer; computer to obtain B x 、B y Detecting signal amplitude V x 、V y Calculating the square root of the amplitude of the two paths of detection signalsAnd the detection signal amplitude ratio +.>Drawing a curve cluster of the square root of the amplitude of the detection signal and a curve cluster of the amplitude ratio of the detection signal. FIG. 6 is a graph of a square root curve of the magnitude of a detected signal for an embodiment of a detection method of a complex ferromagnetic member residual stress in situ detection device of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the square root characteristic of the amplitude of the detected signal does not change much under different angles of the same load, so that the characteristic parameter is considered to not change with the change of the stress angle in the detection process; under different load levels, the characteristic parameter has higher degree of distinction and can be used as a characteristic quantity of quantitative stress; and as the load increases, the square root of the amplitude of the detection signal gradually increases.
FIG. 7 is a graph of magnitude ratio curve clusters of detection signals for an embodiment of a detection method of a complex ferromagnetic member residual stress in situ detection device of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the detected amplitude ratio decreases with increasing angle at different angles of the same load, and the characteristic parameter can be used as a stress direction quantization characteristic quantity. As the load increases, the detection amplitude ratio gradually increases.
As shown in fig. 4, the detection probe 2 is placed on the surface of the ferromagnetic member 1 of unknown stress magnitude and direction, and the detection probe 2 is supplied with power and excitation signals by a power supply and signal generator.
The exciting coil 5 induces an electromagnetic field having a substantially uniform intensity and rotating in a direction in the surface of the ferromagnetic member 1, and generates a multidirectional magnetization field on the surface of the ferromagnetic member 1 as an exciting magnetic field.
The filtering module 7 and the chip are used for filtering the detection signals of the magnetoresistive sensor 6, sending the filtered signals to the lock-in amplifier for signal amplification, and then collecting the imaginary part and the real part of the two paths of detection signals of the detection probe 2X, Y to a computer through the signal collecting module.
Computer to obtain B x 、B y Detecting the signal amplitudes Vx, vy to obtain square root feature quantityThe square root characteristic quantity is compared with a square root curve cluster in a computer, and the square root characteristic quantity is calculated through square root curve cluster fitting to obtain the residual stress:
under different simulation angles, the square root characteristic quantity is not changed, so that the characteristic quantity is not influenced by the direction of the residual stress, and the magnitude of the residual stress can be quantified.
According to the obtained residual stress sigma of the ferromagnetic component 1, the magnitude ratio characteristic quantity of Vx and Vy is calculatedComparing the residual stress angle theta with an amplitude ratio curve cluster diagram in a computer, and calculating the amplitude ratio characteristic quantity and the residual stress size sigma through the fitting of the amplitude ratio curve cluster, thereby obtaining the residual stress angle theta:
rotating electromagnetic field residual stress detection probe B for obtaining residual stress angle theta and trailing edge x Reverse time of sensitive directionThe actual residual stress direction is obtained after the needle direction rotates by theta.
Therefore, the detection method of the complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device can obtain the magnitude and the direction of the main stress without mechanically rotating the probe, and can carry out in-situ detection of the residual stress on the curved surface and the complex inner cavity of the in-service complex ferromagnetic component.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A detection method of a complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device is characterized by comprising the following steps: the complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device comprises a detection probe, wherein the detection probe is connected with a power supply through a power supply input hole; the detection probe comprises a shell, a flexible bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the shell, an excitation coil, a filtering module, a chip and a magnetic resistance sensor are arranged in the shell, the magnetic resistance sensor is connected with the chip and the filtering module, the excitation coil is connected with the signal generator through an excitation input hole, the filtering module is connected with a phase-locked amplifier through a detection output hole, the phase-locked amplifier is connected with a signal acquisition module, and the signal acquisition module is connected with a computer;
the detection method of the complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a detection probe on the surface of a ferromagnetic component, and inputting power and excitation signals to the detection probe through a power supply and a signal generator;
s2, an electromagnetic field with approximately uniform intensity and rotating direction is induced in the surface of the ferromagnetic member by the exciting coil, a multidirectional magnetization field is generated on the surface of the ferromagnetic member as an exciting magnetic field, and magnetic induction signals in two directions of X, Y in a space are acquired by using a magnetoresistive sensor;
s3, filtering the detection signal of the magnetoresistive sensor by a filtering module and a chip, sending the filtered signal to a lock-in amplifier for signal amplification processing, and then collecting the detection probe B by a signal collecting module x 、B y Two paths of detection signals are from imaginary part and real part to a computer;
s4, obtaining B by a computer x 、B y Detecting signal amplitude Vx and Vy, and detecting the square root of the signal amplitude through two pathsQuantifying the stress magnitude by two paths of detection signal amplitude ratio +.>Judging the direction of the main stress;
in the step S4, the specific steps of quantifying the stress and judging the main stress direction are as follows:
s41, power supply and excitation signal input are carried out on the detection probe through a power supply and a signal generator;
s42, stretching the ferromagnetic test piece in a unidirectional way by adopting a stretcher under the conditions of small step load and angle, rotating a detection probe on the ferromagnetic test piece, simulating the stress of the ferromagnetic test piece in different directions, and defining the included angle of the stress direction as the included angle between the detection sensitive direction X of the magnetic resistance sensor and the tensile direction;
s43, filtering the detection signal of the magnetoresistive sensor by a filtering module and a chip, sending the filtered signal to a lock-in amplifier for signal amplification processing, and then collecting the detection probe B by a signal collecting module x 、B y Two paths of detection signals are from imaginary part and real part to a computer;
s44, computer obtains B x 、B y Detecting signal amplitude values, calculating the square root and the amplitude ratio of the amplitude values of two paths of detection signals, and drawing fitting curve clusters of the square root of the amplitude values of the detection signals with different stress magnitudes and different stress directions and fitting curve clusters of the amplitude values of the detection signals;
s45, fitting a curve cluster by detecting the square root of the amplitude of the signal, and obtaining the stress of the ferromagnetic component at the moment according to the square root of Vx and Vy;
s46, according to the obtained stress magnitude of the ferromagnetic component, the curve under the stress magnitude is positioned by detecting the amplitude ratio of the signal to the curve cluster, and the stress direction is obtained according to the amplitude ratio of Vx to Vy.
2. The method for detecting the residual stress in situ detection device of the complex ferromagnetic component according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the exciting coil comprises a first coil and a second coil which are wound in an orthogonal mode, and alternating exciting currents with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are respectively fed into the first coil and the second coil.
3. The method for detecting the residual stress in situ detection device of the complex ferromagnetic component according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the magneto-resistance sensor is a triaxial tunnel magneto-resistance sensor, and magnetic induction signals in X, Y directions in a single sensor acquisition space are used as characteristic signals.
4. The method for detecting the residual stress in situ detection device of the complex ferromagnetic component according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bottom plate is a polyimide flexible plate.
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