CN101246143A - Device for measuring ferromagnetic material internal stress by impulse electromagnetic field - Google Patents
Device for measuring ferromagnetic material internal stress by impulse electromagnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN101246143A CN101246143A CNA2008100505640A CN200810050564A CN101246143A CN 101246143 A CN101246143 A CN 101246143A CN A2008100505640 A CNA2008100505640 A CN A2008100505640A CN 200810050564 A CN200810050564 A CN 200810050564A CN 101246143 A CN101246143 A CN 101246143A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for measuring internal stress of ferromagnetic material by pulse electromagnetic field. It is composed of detector, pulse electromagnetic field circuit and data acquisition and processing device, the detector part is composed of drive coil (7), heel piece (9) with one fieldpole and two measure poles and two groups of induction coil (8, 8'), weighing cell (4) is placed above the detector (5), the detector (5) is placed above the tested workpiece (6), which are clamped by jig; the pulse electromagnetic field circuit provides 1-3 Tesla strong incentive pulsed electromagnetic field for drive coil (7), the current signal in drive coil (7), the voltage signals of the two groups of drive coils (8, 8') are processed by data acquisition and processing device, then the magnetization curve and magnetic hysteresis loop of the tested workpiece (6) are obtained, after various kinds of magnetic parameters of the tested workpiece are determined, the rating curve between the internal stress and various kinds of magnetic parameters are established.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ferromagnetic material Non-Destructive Testing field, be specifically related to a kind of device that utilizes pulse electromagnetic field measurement ferromagnetic material internal stress.
Background technology
The popularity of residual stress problems and importance are understood by people day by day.Unrelieved stress all has great influence for the fatigue strength of member, stress corrosion, form accuracy etc.; And its formation is different and different with machining process etc. with material, shape, the shaping of member again.How to determine unrelieved stress size, adjust unrelieved stress distribution, reduce or eliminate the harm of unrelieved stress to engineering, become the problem of people's extensive concern.
The stress of ferromagnetic material can cause the variation of its magnetic characteristic, utilizes the variation of this magnetic characteristic to determine and the method for analyzing ferromagnetic material stress is called the magnetic survey stress method.The magnetic survey stress method has advantages such as measuring speed height, investigation depth big (can reach several millimeters), radiationless danger.In addition, general magnetic determining device is easy to carry, thereby can carry out the measurement of real-time on-site and safety to the member in using.But the magnetic survey stress method can only be used for ferrimagnet, and also responsive to factors such as material structures, and especially very high to the surface quality requirement of measured material, these factors have all limited the magnetic survey stress method to a certain extent in industrial application.In the various magnetic survey stress methods, more commonly used with Barkhausen (Barkhausen) magnetic noise method, its principle is used almost the history in 30 years, and most of now magnetic determining devices are all based on this method.But the structure of material, grain size, impurity etc. has intense influence to the Barkhausen signal, and the relation of finding out Barkhausen signal and these factors is the direction that people make great efforts always.The Barkhausen method generally is used for shallow table and measures (0.1mm level), and its effective range is about 50% of material yield stress, and when being higher than this scope, saturation effect will appear in the Barkhausen signal.MAPS (Magnetic Anisotropy and Permeability System) the method development in recent years of British Bulte invention is very fast in the magnetic survey stress method, and the method has found the relation of magnetic permeability tensor sum stress and set up transformation model between stress and magnetic permeability.But its stress transmission mathematical model is only applicable to pearlite type carbon steel and a few class stainless steel at present, for the influence of other tissue such as martensite steel sections and other material factor, still need do further research.This method more complicated, accuracy of measurement is poor.
This shows, seek new parameter of magnetic characteristic, material stress is measured fast and accurately the developing direction that is still the magnetic survey stress method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of device that utilizes pulse electromagnetic field measurement ferromagnetic material internal stress.The invention belongs to relative measurement, it at first is to measure different stress (known) the effect magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis loop of ferrimagnet down, determine every magnetic parameter of magnetic material, and then set up calibration curve between these magnetic parameters and the material internal stress, utilize the magnetic parameter that detects unknown stress magnetic material (measured workpiece) with sampling device again, determine internal stress by above-mentioned calibration curve.
Ferromagnetic magnetization curve and magnetic hysteresis loop have been represented the basic magnetic characteristic under the effect of magnetic material outside magnetic field, experimental results show that, magnetization curve and magnetic hysteresis loop depend on the structure and the micromechanism of magnetic material delicately, as grain size and oriented, internal stress distribution and machining and heat-treat condition.Different stress distribution can have difform magnetization curve and magnetic hysteresis loop, and this size that just shows the magnetic parameter (remanent magnetism, coercive force, magnetic permeability etc.) of representing the magnetic material performance is also different.The present invention is exactly difform magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis loop that utilizes pulse electromagnetic to induce after the match, obtain the magnetic parameter of the magnetic material performance that reflects by magnetization curve and magnetic hysteresis loop, determine the size and Orientation of ferromagnetic material internal stress according to the relation between magnetic parameter (remanent magnetism, coercive force, magnetic permeability etc.) and the material internal stress.
The magnetic survey stress method is slower development why, and one of its reason is to have certain difficulty in practical process, and the accuracy of mensuration and precision can not meet the demands.Several factors has a significant impact measurement result, mainly contains: 1, the slit between probe and measured workpiece makes the inner demagnetizing field that produces of probe and workpiece, and the magnetic resistance in slit is very big; 2, measured workpiece surface quality difference (coating thickness, surfaceness) is influential to measurement result.
In order to improve accuracy of measurement, avoid the influence of measuring condition, in measuring process to measurement result, we adopt unit clamp fixed test probe, when making each measurement, the distance that is maintained fixed between probe and the measured workpiece reduces the influence of accidental error to measurement result.Adopt strong pulsed magnetic field as excitation field simultaneously, because the penetrability of strong pulsed magnetic field, not only can reduce to pop one's head in and measured workpiece between the slit and the measured workpiece surface quality to the influence of measurement result, and (the investigation depth limit is 1cm can to obtain bigger investigation depth, and the investigation depth maximum of magnetic survey stress method in the past can reach 2mm, and other nondestructive determinations such as x light detection method investigation depth are restricted to 10 μ m levels).
The device that utilizes strong pulsed magnetic field to measure ferromagnetic material internal stress of the present invention comprises detection probe, pulse electromagnetic field circuit and data acquisition and treating apparatus (NI data collecting card PCI6251, PC) three parts.
As shown in Figure 2, probe segment by one group of drive coil, two groups of inductive coils, have 1 excitation pole and 2 right angle yokes of measuring magnetic poles are formed, drive coil encouraging on the plus pole wherein around yoke, two groups of inductive coils are measured on the magnetic pole around 2 respectively, measuring magnetic pole and distance orthogonal with two lines between the excitation pole for 2 equates, as shown in Figure 1, LOAD CELLS place probe top, the probe place measured workpiece above, together by clamp.Like this, in a test process, can obtain the magnetic hysteresis loop of two vertical direction.
As shown in Figure 3, charge and discharge capacitance C1 discharges to drive coil 7, thereby produces the soaking pulse electromagnetic field of 1～3 tesla in drive coil 7.Voltage signal in the current signal in the drive coil 7, two groups of inductive coils 8,8 ' is handled by data acquisition and treating apparatus, obtains the magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis loop of measured workpiece 6, and then every magnetic parameter of definite measured workpiece.
Pulse electromagnetic field produces circuit and is made up of charging control switch K1, transformer T1, solid-state relay T2, rectifier bridge D1, protective resistance R1, discharge control switch K2, charge and discharge capacitance C1.The output terminal of transformer T1 is connected with the output terminal of solid-state relay T2 and the input end of rectifier bridge D1; the output terminal of rectifier bridge D1 connects charge and discharge capacitance C1 and protective resistance R1; charge and discharge capacitance C1 is connected to drive coil L1 by discharge control switch K2, and solid-state relay T2 is connected with+3V power supply by charging control switch K1.During operation, connect charging control switch K1, make the output terminal conducting of solid-state relay T2, the output terminal output+90V voltage of transformer T1 charges to charge and discharge capacitance C1 through rectifier bridge D1 half-wave rectification, after charging finishes, disconnect charging control switch K1, solid-state relay output terminal 3 and 4 disconnects, and connects discharge control switch K2 then, charge and discharge capacitance C1 is discharged rapidly to drive coil L1, and drive coil L1 produces the soaking pulse electromagnetic field of 1～3 tesla.
Charge and discharge capacitance C1 is made of many 450V, 220 μ F fast charging and discharging electric capacity parallel connections, and quantity is 100～1000, and the total capacitance after the parallel connection is 22000 μ F～220mF.In the real work, can select capacitance with different investigation depths according to different measured materials.Protective resistance R1 selects RXG24-225-2RJ high power 30～100 Ohmages for use.It directly is the enameled wire of 1～2mm that drive coil L1 (being the drive coil 7 among Fig. 2) selects line for use, twines 15～30 circles; It directly is the enameled wire of 0.15～0.3mm that inductive coil 8,8 ' is selected line for use, twines 100～200 circles; The yoke of detection probe (5) is formed by the non-oriented silicon steel sheet cutting, and nominal thickness 0.35～0.50 (δ/mm).Maximum iron loss 3.10 (P
15/50/ W.kg
-1), minimum magnetic strength 1.59 (B
50/T), solid density 7.65 (D/g.cm
-3).The range of size 10 * 10 * 40 (mm)～15 * 15 * 60 (mm) of each magnetic pole length, whole probe size scope 30 * 30 * 40～45 * 45 * 60 (mm).Strap (2) can be made by the steel plate of 80 * 200 * 3 (mm).
By two inductive coils 8, the current signal of the soaking pulse electromagnetic field that produces in 8 ' voltage signal that induces and the drive coil 7 is imported high-speed data acquisition card (NI data collecting card PCI6251) simultaneously, LabVIEW program in the host computer (being PC) is sampled to the data in three passages with the sample frequency of 1MHz, the current signal i that 7 samplings obtain to drive coil, (n is the number of turn (circle/rice) of drive coil 7 unit lengths to calculate the magnetic field intensity H=ni of excitation electromagnetic field, i is the strength of current in the drive coil 7), to by two inductive coils 8,8 ' the voltage signal that obtain of sampling carry out integration (
B magnetic induction density, S magnetic flux area, ε (t) inductive coil both end voltage, obtained different H values in the sampling process, obtained corresponding B value simultaneously, frequency sampling with 1MHz, adopted 1M some p.s., obtained 1M different H and B) can obtain the magnetic induction density B of inductive coil, magnetic field intensity H with excitation electromagnetic field is a horizontal ordinate, with the magnetic induction density B is ordinate, can obtain two the saturated magnetization curves and the magnetic hysteresis loop of magnetic history on two vertical direction, charge and discharge capacitance C1 discharges for the first time to drive coil L1, excitation field can be drawn out the magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis loop on abscissa axis top according to the signal that data collecting card collects after reducing to zero, and charge and discharge capacitance C1 discharges for the second time to drive coil L1, excitation field can be drawn out the magnetic hysteresis loop of abscissa axis bottom according to the signal that data collecting card collects after reducing to zero.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: unit clamp synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2: sonde configuration synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3: pulsed magnetic field generating unit parallel circuit figure;
Fig. 4: magnetization curve under the unstressed effect and magnetic hysteresis loop;
Fig. 5: the magnetic hysteresis loop under the different stresses.
As shown in Figure 1, unit clamp is made up of nut 1, strap 2, standing screw 3, LOAD CELLS 4 (parallel beam type LOAD CELLS YSJ-618), detection probe 5, measured workpiece 6.During each the measurement, earlier LOAD CELLS 4 and test probe 5 are fixed on measured workpiece 6 surfaces by strap 2, screw the nut 1 on the standing screw 3 that is used to be connected and fixed clamping plate 2, the reading of observation LOAD CELLS 4, the power equal (reading of LOAD CELLS 4 is identical) that compresses between test probe 5 and the measured workpiece 6 when making each measure, so just can guarantee that the micro gap between test probe 5 and the measured workpiece 6 is basic identical when each the measurement, thereby reduce the influence of accidental error measurement result.
As shown in Figure 2, for having 1 excitation pole and 2 sonde configurations of measuring right angle yoke 9 compositions of magnetic pole, drive coil 7 encouraging on the plus pole wherein around yoke 9, two groups of inductive coils 8,8 ' are measured on the magnetic poles around two respectively, measure magnetic pole and distance orthogonal with two lines between the excitation pole for 2 and equate.
As shown in Figure 3, pulsed magnetic field produces part by transformer T1, solid-state relay T2, rectifier bridge D1, impulse electricity capacitor C 1, protective resistance R1, drive coil L1 (being the drive coil 7 among Fig. 2), form towards electric control switch K1 and discharge control switch K2.It is to utilize the drive coil L1 discharge generation pulsed magnetic field of the bigger impulse electricity capacitor C of capacity 1 by low-resistance.
Be illustrated in figure 4 as the magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis loop of the ferromagnetic material under the unstressed effect.
Magnetization curve and magnetic hysteresis loop under the different as shown in Figure 5 stresses.The internal stress of ferromagnetic material is big more, and the change of shape of magnetic hysteresis loop is also big more.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples content of the present invention is described
Ultimate principle of the present invention is measured different stress (known) the effect magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis loop of ferrimagnet down exactly, determine every magnetic parameter of magnetic material, and then set up calibration curve between these magnetic parameters and the material internal stress, utilize the magnetic parameter that detects unknown stress magnetic material (measured workpiece) with sampling device again, determine internal stress by above-mentioned calibration curve.
Electromagnetic field produces part, and transformer T1 is BDD100, input voltage 220V, output voltage 90V.Select capacitance according to different measured materials with different investigation depths.Charge and discharge capacitance C1 is by 450V, and 220 μ F fast charging and discharging electric capacity are in parallel to be constituted, and quantity is 500 electric capacity, and electric capacity is 110mF.This moment, investigation depth can reach 3mm.
In this example, protective resistance R1 selects RXG24～225-2RJ high power 50 Ohmages for use, and drive coil L1 (7) selects for use line directly to be the enameled wire of 1mm, twines 30 circles.Inductive coil 8,8 ' selects for use line directly to be the enameled wire of 0.3mm, twines 200 circles.LOAD CELLS (4) is selected parallel beam type LOAD CELLS YSJ-618 for use.During the probe clamping, the reading of LOAD CELLS is adjusted to 10N by screwing nut (1).Rectifier bridge D1 is KBPC2510.The size 10 * 10 * 40 (mm) of each magnetic pole length.
For two-dimensional state of stress (list of references, " the simple and clear mechanics of materials ", Liu Hongwen, chapter 8, stress state analysis and strength theory.Around the cell cube of some taking-ups, general size on three directions is infinitesimal from primary structure member.Three of cell cube are orthogonal upwards all not to have shearing stress.The null face of this shearing stress is called principal plane.Normal stress on the principal plane is called principle stress.In general, all can find three orthogonal principal planes by the arbitrfary point of primary structure member, thereby every bit all there are three principle stresses.To axial tension (or compression), have only one to be not equal to zero in three principle stresses, be called uniaxial stressed state.Be not equal to zero if there are two in three principle stresses, be called two-way or plane stress state.If three neither equalling zero of principle stress then are called three-dimensional or space stress state.Uniaxial stressed state is also referred to as the simple stress state, two-way and three-dimensional stress state also is referred to as complex stress condition), to determine the action direction of principle stress before measuring, during measurement around central point O rotating detector 5 equably, 5～10 ° of measurements of every rotation once because each measurement all can obtain the magnetic hysteresis loop on the orthogonal both direction, behind the Rotate 180 °, can obtain the magnetic hysteresis loop in the whole circumference, reduce the measurement number of times.The more measured all magnetic hysteresis loops that obtain, the magnetic hysteresis loop that the inclined degree of entire curve does not more apply under the external load situation will tilt manyly, and wherein, the pairing direction of measurement of magnetic hysteresis loop of degree of tilt degree maximum is exactly the direction of principle stress.
After having determined principal direction of stress, just can utilize saturated magnetization curve and magnetic hysteresis loop on patent device measurement principal direction of stress and the vertical direction thereof, determine the magnetic parameter of the orthogonal both direction of measured workpiece, set up two cover calibration curves respectively, and then can determine biaxial stress state.
For uniaxial stress state, according to magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis loop that principal direction of stress (shearing stress is zero) records, determine the magnetic parameter of magnetic material, set up calibration curve.
As Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, curve a is not for applying magnetic hysteresis loop under the external load situation, and curve b, c, d are respectively the difform magnetic hysteresis loop of load when being 30KN, 50KN, 100KN.Be to use CSS-44200 electronic universal experimental machine to give measured workpiece 6 two ends imposed loads, simulate the empirical curve that records under the suffered uniaxial stress state, the pairing external carbuncle of magnetic hysteresis loop d of visible degree of tilt degree maximum is big more.
Set up the calibration curve between the different stress in these magnetic parameters that measure and the material, in the process of actual measurement, utilize same sampling device, survey and draw out the magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis loop of certain unknown stress magnetic material (measured workpiece) under the same conditions, obtain the magnetic parameter on it thus, determine inner-stress value by above-mentioned calibration curve.Perhaps by coercive force H
c, remanent magnetism M
r, initial permeability x
i, critical magnetic permeability x
IrWith a plurality of calibration curves of stress, the size of Comprehensive Assessment material internal stress.(" Physics of Magnetism " chapter 6, technical magnetization: the general introduction of 6.1 magnetic historys, as if the moral good fortune, publishing house of University of Electronic Science and Technology)
LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench laboratory virtual instrument engineering platform) is a programming development environment, is similar to C, BASIC.But the characteristics of LabVIEW are that it uses graphical programming language G to create source program in process flow diagram, but not use the text based language to produce source program code.LabVIEW also integrated with such as the repertoire that satisfies GPIB, VXI, RS-232 and hardware communications such as RS-485 and data collecting card.The built-in built-in function of being convenient to software standards such as TCP/IP, Active X.Though LabVIEW is a universal programming system, it also is included as data acquisition and instrument is controlled specially designed function library and developing instrument.The LabVIEW program is called as virtual instrument (VIs), is because their outward appearance and operation can be imitated actual instrument.Because all being technician, scientist, slip-stick artist, the employed term of LabVIEW, icon and notion be familiar with, even so the few of programming experience of user equally also can utilize LabVIEW to develop the application program of oneself.
Claims (6)
1, utilize the device of pulse electromagnetic field measurement ferromagnetic material internal stress, by detection probe (5), pulse electromagnetic field circuit and data acquisition and treating apparatus three parts are formed, it is characterized in that: probe segment is by one group of drive coil (7), have 1 excitation pole and 2 yokes (9) of measuring magnetic pole, two groups of inductive coils (8,8 ') form, drive coil (7) encouraging on the plus pole wherein around yoke (9), two groups of inductive coils (8,8 ') measure on the magnetic pole around 2 respectively, measuring magnetic pole and distance orthogonal with two lines between the excitation pole for 2 equates, LOAD CELLS (4) place detection probe (5) above, detection probe (5) place measured workpiece (6) above, together by clamp; It is the soaking pulse electromagnetic field that drive coil (7) provides 1～3 tesla that pulse electromagnetic field produces circuit, voltage signal in current signal in the drive coil (7), the two groups of inductive coils (8,8 ') is handled by data acquisition and treating apparatus, and then obtains the magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis loop of measured workpiece (6).
2, the device that utilizes pulse electromagnetic field measurement ferromagnetic material internal stress as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: anchor clamps are made up of nut (1), strap (2), standing screw (3), during each the measurement, screw the nut (1) on the standing screw (3) that is used to be connected and fixed clamping plate (2), make the reading of LOAD CELLS (4) identical.
3; the device that utilizes pulse electromagnetic field measurement ferromagnetic material internal stress as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that: pulse electromagnetic field produces circuit by charging control switch K1; transformer T1; solid-state relay T2; rectifier bridge D1; protective resistance R1; discharge control switch K2; charge and discharge capacitance C1 forms; the output terminal of transformer T1 is connected with the output terminal of solid-state relay T2 and the input end of rectifier bridge D1; the output terminal of rectifier bridge D1 connects charge and discharge capacitance C1 and protective resistance R1; charge and discharge capacitance C1 is connected to drive coil L1 by discharge control switch K2; solid-state relay T2 is connected with+3V power supply by charging control switch K1; by control charging control switch K1 and discharge control switch K2; charge and discharge capacitance C1 discharges to drive coil 7, thereby produces the soaking pulse electromagnetic field of 1～3 tesla in drive coil 7.
4, the device that utilizes pulse electromagnetic field measurement ferromagnetic material internal stress as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: charge and discharge capacitance C1 is made of 100～1000 450V, 220 μ F fast charging and discharging electric capacity parallel connections, and the total capacitance after the parallel connection is 22000 μ F～220mF.
5, the device that utilizes pulse electromagnetic field measurement ferromagnetic material internal stress as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it directly is the enameled wire of 1～2mm that drive coil (7) is selected line for use, twines 15～30 circles; It directly is the enameled wire of 0.15～0.3mm that inductive coil (8,8 ') is selected line for use, twines 100～200 circles.
6, the device that utilizes pulse electromagnetic field measurement ferromagnetic material internal stress as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: data acquisition and treating apparatus are made of data collecting card and PC, and the LabVIEW program in the PC is sampled to the data in three passages of data capture card with the sample frequency of 1MHz and handled.
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| CN111964817A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-20 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Plane stress determination method and device based on magnetic Barkhausen noise |
| CN114114103A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-01 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Material force magnetic characteristic parameter determination method for strong and weak magnetic detection |
| CN116147808A (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-05-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | In-situ detection device and detection method for residual stress of complex ferromagnetic component |
| CN116147808B (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-10-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Detection method of complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device |
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