CN103063124B - A kind of detection method of austenitic stainless steel amount of plastic deformation - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of austenitic stainless steel amount of plastic deformation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种奥氏体不锈钢塑性变形量的检测方法。其特点是，包括如下步骤：(1)对不同的奥氏体不锈钢材料，制作系列试件；(2)对系列试件进行不同塑性变形程度的损伤，同时检测其塑性变形量；(3)对损伤后的试件进行直流磁化；(4)采用磁场测量装置测定不同试件的剩磁场强度；(5)得到奥氏体不锈钢塑性变形量与剩磁场强度的标定关系曲线(5)；(6)对奥氏体不锈钢检测对象进行直流磁化；(7)依据检测到的剩磁场强度，与标定关系曲线(5)进行比对，得出对应的检测对象的实际塑性变形量。采用本发明的无损检测方法可以对弱磁性奥氏体不锈钢材料宏观缺陷产生前塑性变形程度进行定量无损检测，填补了该领域检测方法的空白。
The invention relates to a method for detecting plastic deformation of austenitic stainless steel. It is characterized in that it includes the following steps: (1) making a series of test pieces for different austenitic stainless steel materials; (2) damaging the series of test pieces with different degrees of plastic deformation, and detecting the amount of plastic deformation at the same time; (3) Carry out DC magnetization to the damaged test piece; (4) Measure the residual magnetic field intensity of different test pieces by using a magnetic field measuring device; (5) Obtain the calibration relationship curve (5) between the plastic deformation amount of austenitic stainless steel and the residual magnetic field intensity; ( 6) Perform DC magnetization on the austenitic stainless steel detection object; (7) compare the detected residual magnetic field strength with the calibration relationship curve (5) to obtain the actual plastic deformation of the corresponding detection object. The non-destructive testing method of the invention can carry out quantitative non-destructive testing on the degree of plastic deformation of the weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steel material before the occurrence of macroscopic defects, which fills in the blank of the testing method in this field.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及借助人工直流磁化手段进行无损检测的方法，尤其是一种奥氏体不锈钢塑性变形量的检测方法。The invention relates to a non-destructive testing method by means of artificial direct current magnetization, in particular to a testing method for plastic deformation of austenitic stainless steel.
背景技术Background technique
奥氏体不锈钢因其优越的力学性能、抗腐蚀性、弱磁特性，被广泛用来制造核电设备的元部件。为了保证核电设备的运行安全，其宏观裂纹产生前的损伤状态检测就变得非常重要。而由力导致的塑性变形则是诱导和推进材料损伤的关键因素，因此对塑性变形程度的检测就成为奥氏体不锈钢宏观裂纹产生前损伤状态检测的要点。Austenitic stainless steel is widely used to manufacture components of nuclear power equipment because of its superior mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and weak magnetic properties. In order to ensure the safe operation of nuclear power equipment, it is very important to detect the damage state before the macroscopic cracks occur. The plastic deformation caused by force is the key factor in inducing and advancing material damage, so the detection of the degree of plastic deformation becomes the key point of the damage state detection before the macro cracks of austenitic stainless steel.
对于常态下弱磁性的奥氏体不锈钢，塑性变形能够导致弱磁性奥氏体相中产生铁磁性马氏体相，且产生的铁磁性相数量与塑性变形程度单调相关，此种现象被称为“变形诱发相变”现象。因此，通过检测奥氏体不锈钢中铁磁性相含量就可以反推得到其塑性变形程度。目前，工程中已经出现了基于电磁感应原理的铁素体含量测定仪，能够实现对奥氏体不锈钢中铁磁性相含量的定量无损检测。但该检测装备检测时需要较大的激发电流，且只能逐点进行检测，使得每检测一点激发一次，检测用时较长，消耗电流较大，检测效率较低。更为重要的是，它只是实现了对奥氏体不锈钢中铁素体相含量的测定，并没有将铁素体相含量与材料中塑性变形程度关联起来。For weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steel under normal conditions, plastic deformation can lead to the generation of ferromagnetic martensite phase in the weakly magnetic austenite phase, and the number of ferromagnetic phases produced is monotonically related to the degree of plastic deformation. This phenomenon is called "Deformation-induced phase transition" phenomenon. Therefore, by detecting the ferromagnetic phase content in austenitic stainless steel, the degree of plastic deformation can be deduced inversely. At present, a ferrite content measuring instrument based on the principle of electromagnetic induction has appeared in the project, which can realize the quantitative non-destructive detection of the ferromagnetic phase content in austenitic stainless steel. However, this detection equipment requires a large excitation current for detection, and can only detect point by point, so that each detection point is excited once, the detection takes a long time, consumes a large current, and the detection efficiency is low. More importantly, it only realizes the determination of the ferrite phase content in austenitic stainless steel, and does not correlate the ferrite phase content with the degree of plastic deformation in the material.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种奥氏体不锈钢塑性变形量的检测方法，能够对弱磁性奥氏体不锈钢材料宏观缺陷产生前的塑性变形程度进行定量无损检测。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a detection method for plastic deformation of austenitic stainless steel, which can quantitatively and nondestructively detect the degree of plastic deformation of weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steel before macroscopic defects occur.
一种奥氏体不锈钢塑性变形量的检测方法，其特别之处在于，包括如下步骤：A method for detecting the amount of plastic deformation of austenitic stainless steel, which is special in that it comprises the following steps:
(1)对不同的奥氏体不锈钢材料，制作系列试件；(1) For different austenitic stainless steel materials, make a series of test pieces;
(2)利用拉伸机对系列试件进行不同塑性变形程度的损伤，同时利用塑性变形量检测设备检测其塑性变形量；(2) Use the tensile machine to damage the series of test pieces with different degrees of plastic deformation, and use the plastic deformation detection equipment to detect the plastic deformation;
(3)对损伤后的试件进行规定强度和方向的直流磁化；(3) Carry out DC magnetization with specified strength and direction on the damaged test piece;
(4)采用磁场测量装置测定不同试件直流磁化后规定方向的剩磁场强度；(4) Use a magnetic field measuring device to measure the residual magnetic field strength in a specified direction after DC magnetization of different specimens;
(5)将得到的剩磁场强度与步骤(2)中测定的塑性变形量一一对应关联，就得到了奥氏体不锈钢塑性变形量与直流磁化后剩磁场强度的标定关系曲线；(5) Correlating the obtained residual magnetic field intensity with the plastic deformation measured in the step (2), the calibration relationship curve of the plastic deformation of austenitic stainless steel and the residual magnetic field intensity after DC magnetization is obtained;
(6)对奥氏体不锈钢检测对象进行步骤(3)中规定强度和方向的直流磁化，然后采用磁场测量装置测定检测对象直流磁化后的剩磁场强度；(6) Carry out DC magnetization of the intensity and direction specified in step (3) to the austenitic stainless steel detection object, and then use a magnetic field measuring device to measure the residual magnetic field strength after the DC magnetization of the detection object;
(7)依据检测到的剩磁场强度，与步骤(5)得到的标定关系曲线进行比对，得出对应的检测对象的实际塑性变形量。(7) Comparing the detected residual magnetic field strength with the calibration relationship curve obtained in step (5), to obtain the actual plastic deformation of the corresponding detection object.
步骤(1)中不同的奥氏体不锈钢材料包括304、316型号。Different austenitic stainless steel materials in step (1) include 304 and 316 types.
步骤(2)中不同的塑性变形程度是指0-30％范围内塑性变形。The different degrees of plastic deformation in step (2) refer to plastic deformation in the range of 0-30%.
步骤(2)中塑性变形量检测设备是指光学应变检测设备。The plastic deformation detection device in step (2) refers to the optical strain detection device.
步骤(3)中规定强度和方向的直流磁化是指200mT直流磁场、垂直于检测对象表面方向的直流磁化。The DC magnetization with the specified strength and direction in step (3) refers to the DC magnetization with a DC magnetic field of 200mT and a direction perpendicular to the surface of the detection object.
步骤(4)中的磁场测量装置是指磁通门磁场测量装置。The magnetic field measuring device in step (4) refers to a fluxgate magnetic field measuring device.
采用本发明的无损检测方法可以对弱磁性奥氏体不锈钢材料宏观缺陷产生前塑性变形程度进行定量无损检测，填补了该领域检测方法的空白。本方法单次人工直流磁化后可通过快速扫描方式快速检测磁化范围内所有点的塑性变形量，具有操作简单、检测效率高、无需表面处理等优点，可广泛用于核电、化工、特种设备等高安全要求奥氏体不锈钢构件的塑性变形程度无损评价。The non-destructive testing method of the invention can carry out quantitative non-destructive testing on the degree of plastic deformation of the weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steel material before the occurrence of macroscopic defects, which fills in the blank of the testing method in this field. After a single artificial DC magnetization, the method can quickly detect the plastic deformation of all points within the magnetization range by means of fast scanning. It has the advantages of simple operation, high detection efficiency, and no need for surface treatment. It can be widely used in nuclear power, chemical industry, special equipment, etc. Non-destructive evaluation of the degree of plastic deformation of austenitic stainless steel components with high safety requirements.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的物理原理示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the physical principle of the present invention;
图2为实施例1中标定中塑性变形导入及测量示意图；Fig. 2 is the introduction and measurement schematic diagram of plastic deformation in calibration in embodiment 1;
图3为实施例1中标定中直流磁化示意图；Fig. 3 is the DC magnetization schematic diagram in calibration in embodiment 1;
图4为实施例1中标定中直流磁化剩磁场强度测量及标定曲线(5)成方式示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the way in which the DC magnetization remanent field strength is measured and the calibration curve (5) is formed in the calibration in embodiment 1;
图5为实施例1中对待检部件进行直流磁化示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of DC magnetization of the parts to be inspected in Example 1;
图6为实施例1中测量待检部件剩磁场并利用标定曲线(5)对应出塑性变形量。Fig. 6 is the measurement of the residual magnetic field of the part to be inspected in Example 1 and the plastic deformation corresponding to the calibration curve (5).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，本发明方法是基于弱磁性奥氏体不锈钢的“变形诱发相变”现象，即塑性变形能够导致弱磁性奥氏体不锈钢中产生铁磁性马氏体相，且产生的铁磁性相数量与塑性变形程度单调定量相关。那么通过检测奥氏体不锈钢中的铁磁性相含量就可以单调推导出其塑性变形程度。另一方面，为了提高检测信号的敏感性和抗干扰能力，通过对奥氏体不锈钢的直流磁化方法，使得奥氏体不锈钢中的铁磁性相磁性增强，且其剩磁场强度与铁磁性相数量单调相关，从而可以用剩磁场强度来表征图1中的铁磁性相数量。又由于奥氏体不锈钢铁磁性相数量与塑性变形量单调定量相关，所以奥氏体不锈钢中人工直流磁化剩磁场强度与塑性变形量单调相关。As shown in Figure 1, the method of the present invention is based on the "deformation-induced phase transformation" phenomenon of weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steel, that is, plastic deformation can lead to ferromagnetic martensite phase in weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steel, and the produced iron The number of magnetic phases is monotonically and quantitatively related to the degree of plastic deformation. Then by detecting the ferromagnetic phase content in austenitic stainless steel, the degree of plastic deformation can be deduced monotonously. On the other hand, in order to improve the sensitivity and anti-interference ability of the detection signal, the ferromagnetic phase in the austenitic stainless steel is magnetically enhanced through the DC magnetization method of the austenitic stainless steel, and the remanent magnetic field intensity is proportional to the number of ferromagnetic phases. Monotonic correlation, so that the residual magnetic field strength can be used to characterize the number of ferromagnetic phases in Figure 1. And because the number of ferromagnetic phases in austenitic stainless steel is monotonously related to the amount of plastic deformation, the artificial DC magnetization remanent field strength in austenitic stainless steel is monotonically related to the amount of plastic deformation.
实施例1：Example 1:
第一步：奥氏体不锈钢塑性变形量——直流磁化剩磁场强度标定曲线建立方法，具体步骤包括：The first step: the plastic deformation of austenitic stainless steel - the establishment method of the calibration curve of the DC magnetization residual magnetic field strength, the specific steps include:
1)参照图2，制作奥氏体不锈钢304系列试件，利用拉伸机对其进行拉伸，导入不同程度塑性变形ε1、ε2、ε3…εN，即0.5％、1％、2％…30％，并通过光学应变检测设备6测量不同试件的塑性变形程度ε1、ε2、ε3…εN。1) Referring to Figure 2, make austenitic stainless steel 304 series test pieces, stretch them with a tensile machine, and introduce different degrees of plastic deformation ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ... ε N , namely 0.5%, 1%, 2%...30%, and the plastic deformation degrees ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 ...ε N of different test pieces are measured by the optical strain detection device 6 .
2)参照图3，采用强度200mT直流磁化装置2对所有试件进行垂直于检测对象表面方向的直流磁化。2) Referring to Fig. 3, use a DC magnetization device 2 with a strength of 200 mT to perform DC magnetization perpendicular to the surface of the test object on all test pieces.
3)参照图4，采用磁通门磁场测量装置4测量所有试件直流磁化后垂直于检测对象表面方向的剩磁场强度B1、B2、B3…BN，并将其与光学应变检测设备6测量的ε1、ε2、ε3…εN一一对应，形成剩磁场强度值B与塑性变形量ε的标定关系曲线5。3) Referring to Figure 4, the fluxgate magnetic field measurement device 4 is used to measure the residual magnetic field strengths B 1 , B 2 , B 3 ...B N of all specimens perpendicular to the surface of the test object after DC magnetization, and compare them with optical strain detection ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 .
第二步：待检奥氏体不锈钢构件塑性变形量的直流磁化定量测量方法，具体步骤包括：The second step: the DC magnetization quantitative measurement method of the plastic deformation of the austenitic stainless steel component to be tested, the specific steps include:
1)参照图5，对于待检奥氏体不锈钢部件1，采用强度200mT的直流磁化装置2对奥氏体不锈钢部件进行垂直于检测对象表面方向的人工直流磁化。1) Referring to Figure 5, for the austenitic stainless steel part 1 to be inspected, a direct current magnetization device 2 with a strength of 200 mT is used to artificially direct current magnetization of the austenitic stainless steel part perpendicular to the surface of the test object.
2)参照图6，采用磁通门磁场测量装置4扫描待检奥氏体不锈钢部件1经步骤1)中人工磁化后表面上不同待检测点、垂直表面方向剩磁场强度Bi，将Bi与标定关系曲线5进行比对，从而对应出待检奥氏体不锈钢中各个点的塑性变形量εi。2) Referring to Fig. 6, the fluxgate magnetic field measuring device 4 is used to scan the austenitic stainless steel part 1 to be inspected after being artificially magnetized in step 1) on the surface of different points to be inspected and the residual magnetic field strength B i in the direction perpendicular to the surface, and B i Compared with the calibration relationship curve 5, the plastic deformation ε i of each point in the austenitic stainless steel to be tested is correspondingly obtained.
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| CN105158326B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2019-04-19 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Test method for measuring martensite content in austenitic stainless steel |
| CN105606017B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2019-04-12 | 北方民族大学 | A kind of main plastic strain orientation of ferromagnetic material and quantitative magnetic detection method |
| CN107238655B (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2020-11-20 | 重庆科技学院 | Method for quantitative measurement of plastic deformation of austenitic stainless steel by magnetic properties |
| CN107478168B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2019-06-21 | 浙江大学 | System and method for measuring plastic deformation of austenitic stainless steel stamping head |
| CN109709204B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-09-27 | 宜昌华腾管道工程有限公司 | Ferromagnetic material plastic deformation detection method based on multi-magnetic parameter extraction |
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| CN113189192B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2024-08-30 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Rapid detection method for stainless steel deformation type |
| CN115449622B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-03-24 | 江苏新恒基特种装备股份有限公司 | Method and system for controlling size of stainless steel deformation recrystallization grains |
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