CN115586245A - Ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on pulse rotating electromagnetic field - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotating electromagnetic field, which is characterized in that a pulse excitation signal with a phase difference of 90 degrees is generated by developing a pulse rotating electromagnetic field ferromagnetic material crack quantification hardware system through an FPGA platform and acts on a piece to be measured, finally, a crack signal is extracted through the FPGA platform, the crack type is judged through crack extraction signals under reference signals with different frequencies, operation is carried out according to the crack signal, the signal characteristics of a magnetic leakage signal and a disturbance signal are recorded, and the crack length, the crack depth and the crack angle are calculated. The ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on the pulse rotating electromagnetic field can solve the problems that the size of the ferromagnetic material crack cannot be quantified and the surface crack and the buried crack cannot be judged by the traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rotating electromagnetic field detection, in particular to a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotating electromagnetic field.
Background
The rotating magnetic field is a magnetic field which is constant in size and rotates in space at a certain rotating speed, and when symmetrical three-phase currents flow through symmetrical three-phase windings, a rotating magnetic field is generated, and the rotating magnetic field continuously rotates in space along with the alternation of the currents. The rotating electromagnetic field detection technology is used for detecting cracks by utilizing a rotating uniform induction current field generated on a piece to be detected, has higher detection sensitivity on tiny cracks and can quantize the sizes of the cracks in any direction, and the prior rotating electromagnetic field detection technology has already obtained mature research results on the aspect of quantizing the sizes of single cracks of a non-ferromagnetic material.
When a rotating electromagnetic field detection technology is used for detecting a ferromagnetic material, a complex magnetic field formed by a disturbance magnetic field and a leakage magnetic field caused by current exists, so that cracks cannot be quantified, and meanwhile, the traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology adopts a single excitation frequency, so that the surface cracks and the buried depth cracks cannot be distinguished.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotating electromagnetic field, and solves the problems that the size of a ferromagnetic material crack cannot be quantified and surface cracks and buried cracks cannot be judged by a traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulsed rotating electromagnetic field, comprising the following steps:
firstly, generating pulse excitation signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees by a pulse excitation signal generation module on an FPGA platform, forming unipolar pulse signals with controllable duty ratio by the pulse excitation signals through an MOS tube driving circuit so as to apply high current to a pulse rotating probe, and picking up space induction magnetic field signals above a piece to be detected by a sensor on the pulse rotating probe;
secondly, a signal acquisition module on the FPGA platform transmits an electric signal captured by a sensor on the pulse rotating probe into the FPGA platform, a reference signal control module on the FPGA platform generates a required reference signal, and then a phase-locked amplifier module on the FPGA platform extracts a crack signal;
judging the types of the cracks through the crack extraction signals under the reference signals with different frequencies, wherein the deep-buried defects with different depths sequentially appear from high to bottom in the frequency;
calculating the amplitude information and the phase information of the induced magnetic field contained in the extracted crack signal by a magnetic field reduction method to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the induced magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is positioned at any angle;
step five, decomposing the extracted crack signal into a leakage magnetic signal and a disturbance signal, finding the maximum magnetic field intensity condition of the leakage magnetic field and the disturbance magnetic field, and recording the signal characteristics;
and step six, calculating the crack length, the crack depth and the crack angle according to the signal characteristics.
Preferably, the MOS tube driving circuit controls to generate a pulse signal with variable current magnitude so as to form a high-intensity induction magnetic field.
Preferably, the angle in step four is designated as alpha i (i =0,1,2, … …, 90), decomposition accuracy is 1, and magnetic field signal decomposition is performed in a range of 0 ° to 90 °:
wherein,
for exciting the magnetic field at an angle alpha i The magnetic field strength of the induced magnetic field at the time, a, is the magnitude response of the induced magnetic field.
Preferably, the signal in the fifth step is characterized in that: a. when the disturbing signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two circular magnetic fields,at this time, the angle is recorded as alpha d (ii) a b. When the leakage signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two strip magnetic fields, and the angle is recorded as alpha m 。
Preferably, step six is at α i ＝α d The crack length is quantified by the distance between two peak values of the disturbing magnetic field signal, and the peak-peak value coordinate of the disturbing magnetic field intensity is set as (X) k ，Y k ) And (X) l ，Y l ) The crack length is l, and the crack length is expressed as:
wherein a is a proportionality coefficient for converting the coordinate difference of the magnetic field signal into the physical length;
at alpha i ＝α m And alpha i ＝α d Extracting peak-to-peak values of the disturbing magnetic field and the leakage magnetic field to quantify the depth of the crack, and setting the peak-to-peak value of the disturbing magnetic field intensity as Bz d-max Peak-to-peak value of the intensity of the leakage magnetic field is Bz m-max The depth of the crack is h,
h＝(b d Bz d-max +b m Bz m-max )/2
wherein, b d And b m The coefficients are respectively weight coefficients for converting the intensity of the disturbance magnetic field and the intensity of the leakage magnetic field to physical depth, the coefficients are obtained by performing data fitting on the magnetic field intensity peak value and the crack depth value, and the accuracy of the coefficients is related to the fitting data volume;
at α i ＝α m And alpha i ＝α d And in the process, the strip-shaped leakage magnetic field signal clearly presents two sides of the crack, and the crack angle is set as theta to obtain:
therefore, the ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on the pulse rotating electromagnetic field, which adopts the structure, has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a pulse excitation mode, which is realized by combining an FPGA with an MOS tube driving circuit, has simple equipment realization, can realize large-current excitation signal output and realizes controllable excitation current;
2. the ferromagnetic material crack magnetic field signal is decomposed into a leakage magnetic field and a disturbance magnetic field, and the size of the crack can be quantified by combining the two decomposed fields.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulsed rotating electromagnetic field according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulsed rotating electromagnetic field ferromagnetic material crack quantification system developed based on an FPGA platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pulse excitation signal generated by the pulse excitation signal generating module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a crack Bz signal on the surface of a ferromagnetic material according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the signal of the deep buried crack Bz of the ferromagnetic material of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the present invention i ＝α d A time Bz signal peak-to-peak value coordinate diagram;
FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the present invention i ＝α m And (3) a schematic diagram of the peak-to-peak coordinates of the time Bz signal.
Reference numerals
1. A pulse excitation signal generation module; 2. a signal acquisition module; 3. a reference signal control module; 4. a phase-locked amplifier module; 5. a MOS tube driving circuit; 6. a pulse rotating probe; 7. an FPGA platform; 8. and (5) a piece to be tested.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
Examples
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulsed rotating electromagnetic field according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulsed rotating electromagnetic field ferromagnetic material crack quantification system developed based on an FPGA platform according to the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pulse excitation signal generated by the pulse excitation signal generating module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a crack Bz signal on the surface of a ferromagnetic material according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the signal of a deep buried crack Bz of the ferromagnetic material of the present invention; FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the present invention i ＝α d A time Bz signal peak-peak value coordinate schematic diagram; FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the present invention i ＝α m And (3) a schematic diagram of the peak-to-peak coordinates of the time Bz signal.
As shown in the figure, the rotating pulse eddy current ferromagnetic material crack quantification hardware system is developed based on an FPGA platform, and mainly comprises a pulse excitation signal generation module 1, a pulse rotating probe 6, a signal acquisition module 2, a reference signal control module 3, a phase-locked amplifier module 4 and the like.
The invention discloses a ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotating electromagnetic field, which comprises the following steps of:
firstly, pulse excitation signals with the phase difference of 90 degrees are generated through a pulse excitation signal generating module 1 on an FPGA platform 7, the pulse excitation signals form unipolar pulse signals with controllable duty ratio through an MOS tube driving circuit 5, so that high current is applied to an orthogonal excitation coil of a pulse rotating probe 6, a rotating pulse magnetic field is generated above a piece to be detected 8, induced current is generated on the surface and inside of the piece to be detected 8, and space induced magnetic field signals above the piece to be detected 8 are picked up through a tunnel triaxial magnetoresistive sensor on the pulse rotating probe 6. The MOS tube driving circuit 5 controls and generates a pulse signal with variable current magnitude to form a high-intensity induction magnetic field.
And step two, the signal acquisition module 2 on the FPGA platform 7 transmits the electric signal captured by the tunnel triaxial magnetoresistive sensor into the FPGA platform 7, meanwhile, the reference signal control module 3 on the FPGA platform 7 generates a required reference signal, and then, the phase-locked amplifier module 4 on the FPGA platform 7 extracts a crack signal.
And step three, judging the crack type through the crack extraction signals under the reference signals with different frequencies, wherein the deep-buried defects with different depths sequentially appear from high frequency to bottom.
And fourthly, calculating the amplitude information and the phase information of the induced magnetic field contained in the extracted crack signal by a magnetic field reduction method to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the induced magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is positioned at any angle.
And step five, decomposing the extracted crack signal into a leakage magnetic signal and a disturbance signal, finding the maximum magnetic field intensity condition of the leakage magnetic field and the disturbance magnetic field, and recording the signal characteristics.
And step six, calculating the crack length, the crack depth and the crack angle according to the signal characteristics.
The selected piece 8 to be measured has three defects, the sizes of which are 10mm × 3mm (length × depth), and the burial depths are 0mm, 1mm and 2mm respectively. The pulse excitation signal generation module 1 generates two 300Hz and 5V pulse signal sources as excitation signals, and the phase difference of the two excitation signals is 90 degrees. The orthogonal excitation coil is formed by two orthogonally wound coils, and a signal to be measured is received through the triaxial tunnel magnetoresistive sensor.
The signal to be tested passes through a phase-locked amplifier module 4 constructed by FPGA to demodulate the specific frequency component of the signal to be tested, and 300Hz (fundamental wave of the excitation signal) and 300300Hz (1001 harmonic wave of the excitation signal) sinusoidal signals are selected as reference signals to demodulate.
And judging the defect type according to the principle that the low-frequency electromagnetic signal has stronger capability of penetrating through the to-be-detected piece 8 than the high-frequency signal. Knowing that the standard Bz amplitude signal is a double-peak signal, as can be seen from the result of FIG. 3, the Bz signal shows two peak characteristics at 300Hz and 300300Hz, and is a standard Bz amplitude signal curve, so that the crack is a surface crack of the to-be-tested part; the standard Bz amplitude signal is known to be a double-peak signal, and as can be seen from the result of FIG. 4, at 300Hz, the Bz signal presents two peak characteristics, which are standard Bz amplitude signal curves, and at 300300Hz, no crack signal characteristic appears, so that the crack is known to be a deep-buried crack of the to-be-tested part.
Crack quantification includes crack length, angle and depth information. Cracks with the depth of 0mm are selected for explanation, and the defects are quantified at 300300 Hz.
1. Firstly, the crack signal is decomposed according to the angle of the magnetic field signal by a decomposition algorithm, the interval is 1 and is recorded as alpha 0 ，α 1 ，α 2 ，……，α 90 . Calculating the amplitude information and the phase information of the induced magnetic field contained in the detection signal by a magnetic field reduction method to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the induced magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is positioned at any angle:
wherein,
for exciting the magnetic field at an angle alpha i The magnetic field strength of the induced magnetic field at the time, a, is the magnitude response of the induced magnetic field.
2. Finding the maximum condition of the disturbance signal and the magnetic leakage signal: a. when the disturbance signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two circular magnetic fields, and the angle is recorded as alpha d (ii) a b. When the leakage signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two strip magnetic fields, and the angle is recorded as alpha m 。
To quantify crackingLength of at i ＝α d When the peak-to-peak value coordinate of Bz signal is (X) k ，Y k ) And (X) l ，Y l ) The length of the crack is l,
wherein a is a proportionality coefficient for converting the coordinate difference of the magnetic field signal into the physical length.
To quantify the crack depth, at α i ＝α m And alpha i ＝α d Extracting peak-to-peak values of the disturbing magnetic field and the leakage magnetic field to quantify the crack depth, and setting the peak-to-peak value of the disturbing magnetic field intensity as Bz d-max Peak-to-peak value of the intensity of the leakage magnetic field is Bz m-max The depth of the crack is h,
h＝(b d Bz d-max +b m Bz m-max )/2
wherein, b d And b m Respectively, the weight coefficients of the conversion from the intensity of the disturbing magnetic field and the intensity of the leakage magnetic field to the physical depth.
To quantify the crack angle, take α i ＝α m When the magnetic field signal of the strip-shaped leakage magnetic field is clear, two sides of the crack are shown, and the signal is alpha i ＝α d The Bz signal has a peak-to-peak coordinate of (X) k ，Y k ) And (X) l ，Y l ) Recording the crack angle as theta to obtain
Therefore, the ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on the pulse rotating electromagnetic field with the structure can solve the problems that the size of the ferromagnetic material crack cannot be quantified and the surface crack and the buried crack cannot be judged by the traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on a pulse rotating electromagnetic field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
generating pulse excitation signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees by a pulse excitation signal generating module on an FPGA platform, forming unipolar pulse signals with controllable duty ratio by the pulse excitation signals through an MOS tube driving circuit so as to apply high current to a pulse rotating probe, and picking up space induction magnetic field signals above a piece to be detected by a sensor on the pulse rotating probe;
secondly, a signal acquisition module on the FPGA platform transmits an electric signal captured by a sensor on the pulse rotating probe into the FPGA platform, a reference signal control module on the FPGA platform generates a required reference signal, and then a phase-locked amplifier module on the FPGA platform extracts a crack signal;
judging the types of the cracks through the crack extraction signals under the reference signals with different frequencies, wherein the deep-buried defects with different depths sequentially appear from high to bottom in the frequency;
calculating the amplitude information and the phase information of the induced magnetic field contained in the extracted crack signal by a magnetic field reduction method to obtain the magnetic field intensity of the induced magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is positioned at any angle;
step five, decomposing the extracted crack signal into a leakage magnetic signal and a disturbance signal, finding the maximum magnetic field intensity condition of the leakage magnetic field and the disturbance magnetic field, and recording the signal characteristics;
and step six, calculating the crack length, the crack depth and the crack angle according to the signal characteristics.
2. The ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on the pulsed rotating electromagnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MOS transistor driving circuit is controlled to generate a pulse signal with a variable current magnitude to form a high-intensity induced magnetic field.
3. The ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on the pulsed rotating electromagnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the angle in the fourth step is denoted as α i (i =0,1,2, … …, 90), the resolution accuracy is 1, and the magnetic field signal resolution is performed in the range of 0 ° to 90 °:
wherein,
for exciting the magnetic field at an angle alpha i The magnetic field strength of the induced magnetic field at the time, a, is the magnitude response of the induced magnetic field.
4. The ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on the pulsed rotating electromagnetic field of claim 3, wherein the signal in the fifth step is characterized by: a. when the disturbance signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two circular magnetic fields, and the angle is recorded as alpha d (ii) a b. When the leakage signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two strip magnetic fields, and the angle is recorded as alpha m 。
5. The ferromagnetic material crack quantification method based on the pulsed rotating electromagnetic field of claim 4, wherein in step six, α is i ＝α d The crack length is quantified by the distance between two peak values of the disturbing magnetic field signal, and the peak-peak value coordinate of the disturbing magnetic field intensity is set as (X) k ，Y k ) And (X) l ，Y l ) The crack length is l, and the crack length is expressed as:
wherein a is a proportionality coefficient for converting the coordinate difference of the magnetic field signal into the physical length;
at alpha i ＝α m And alpha i ＝α d Extracting peak-to-peak values of the disturbing magnetic field and the leakage magnetic field to quantify the depth of the crack, and setting the peak-to-peak value of the disturbing magnetic field intensity as Bz d-max Peak-to-peak value of the intensity of the leakage magnetic field is Bz m-max The depth of the crack is h,
h＝(b d Bz d-max +b m Bz m-max )/2
wherein, b d And b m The coefficients are respectively weight coefficients for converting the intensity of the disturbance magnetic field and the intensity of the leakage magnetic field to physical depth, the coefficients are obtained by performing data fitting on the magnetic field intensity peak value and the crack depth value, and the accuracy of the coefficients is related to the fitting data volume;
at α i ＝α m And alpha i ＝α d And then, the strip-shaped magnetic leakage magnetic field signal clearly presents two sides of the crack, and the crack angle is set as theta to obtain:
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| CN112857197A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-05-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Rotating electromagnetic field non-ferromagnetic material crack size measurement method |
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| CN114636754A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-17 | 清华大学 | Crack defect quantification method and device based on magnetic flux leakage space integral |
| CN114705750A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-05 | 清华大学 | Defect identification method and device |
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| CN116147808A (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-05-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | In-situ detection device and detection method for residual stress of complex ferromagnetic component |
| CN116147808B (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-10-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Detection method of complex ferromagnetic component residual stress in-situ detection device |
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