CN115586245A - A Method for Crack Quantification of Ferromagnetic Materials Based on Pulsed Rotating Electromagnetic Field - Google Patents
A Method for Crack Quantification of Ferromagnetic Materials Based on Pulsed Rotating Electromagnetic Field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及旋转电磁场检测技术领域,尤其是涉及一种基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法。The invention relates to the technical field of rotating electromagnetic field detection, in particular to a method for quantifying cracks in ferromagnetic materials based on pulsed rotating electromagnetic fields.
背景技术Background technique
旋转磁场是一种大小不变,而以一定转速在空间旋转的磁场,在对称三相绕组中流过对称三相电流时会产生一种旋转磁场,该磁场随电流交变而在空间不断地旋转着。旋转电磁场检测技术是利用在待测件上产生的旋转匀强感应电流场进行裂纹检测的,对于微小裂纹具有较高检测灵敏度,且可以量化任意方向裂纹尺寸,目前旋转电磁场检测技术在非铁磁性材料单裂纹尺寸量化方面已经取得了成熟研究成果,但是对于铁磁性材料,由于其自身铁磁性的性质,检测裂纹时会存在由漏磁场和扰动磁场构成的复杂磁场的情况,给采用旋转电磁场检测技术进行裂纹量化带来困难。The rotating magnetic field is a magnetic field that does not change in size and rotates in space at a certain speed. When a symmetrical three-phase current flows in a symmetrical three-phase winding, a rotating magnetic field will be generated, and the magnetic field will continuously rotate in space as the current alternates. with. The rotating electromagnetic field detection technology uses the rotating uniform induced current field generated on the test piece to detect cracks. It has high detection sensitivity for small cracks and can quantify the size of cracks in any direction. Currently, the rotating electromagnetic field detection technology is used in non-ferromagnetic Mature research results have been achieved in the quantification of the single crack size of materials. However, for ferromagnetic materials, due to their own ferromagnetic properties, there will be complex magnetic fields composed of leakage magnetic fields and disturbance magnetic fields when detecting cracks. Therefore, rotating electromagnetic field detection is used. technology to quantify cracks poses difficulties.
利用旋转电磁场检测技术检测铁磁性材料时,存在电流引起的扰动磁场和漏磁场构成的复杂磁场,无法对裂纹进行量化,同时,传统旋转电磁场检测技术采用单一激励频率,无法实现表面裂纹和埋深裂纹的区分。When using rotating electromagnetic field detection technology to detect ferromagnetic materials, there is a complex magnetic field composed of disturbance magnetic field and leakage field caused by current, which makes it impossible to quantify cracks. Crack distinction.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法,解决传统旋转电磁场检测技术无法对铁磁性材料裂纹尺寸量化以及无法判断表面裂纹和埋深裂纹的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for quantifying cracks in ferromagnetic materials based on pulsed rotating electromagnetic fields, so as to solve the problems that the traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology cannot quantify the crack size of ferromagnetic materials and cannot judge surface cracks and buried deep cracks.
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法,包括以下步骤:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for quantifying cracks in ferromagnetic materials based on a pulsed rotating electromagnetic field, comprising the following steps:
步骤一,通过FPGA平台上的脉冲激励信号发生模块产生相位差90度的脉冲激励信号,脉冲激励信号通过MOS管驱动电路,形成占空比可控的单极性脉冲信号以使高电流施加在脉冲旋转探头上,通过脉冲旋转探头上的传感器拾取待测件上空的空间感应磁场信号;
步骤二,FPGA平台上的信号采集模块将脉冲旋转探头上的传感器捕获的电信号传入FPGA平台,同时通过FPGA平台上的参考信号控制模块产生需要的参考信号,然后通过FPGA平台上的锁相放大器模块进行裂纹信号提取;
步骤三,通过不同频率参考信号下的裂纹提取信号进行裂纹类型判断,频率从高到底,不同深度的深埋缺陷依次出现;Step 3: Judging the type of cracks based on the crack extraction signals under different frequency reference signals, the frequency is from high to low, and deep-buried defects of different depths appear in sequence;
步骤四,将提取到的裂纹信号中所包含的感应磁场的幅值信息和相位信息通过磁场还原法进行运算得到感应磁场在激励磁场位于任意角度时的磁场强度;
步骤五,将提取的裂纹信号分解为漏磁信号和扰动信号,找到漏磁场和扰动磁场磁场强度最大情况,记录信号特征;
步骤六,根据信号特征,计算裂纹长度、裂纹深度、裂纹角度。
优选的,MOS管驱动电路控制产生电流大小可变的脉冲信号以形成高强度的感应磁场。Preferably, the MOS transistor drive circuit controls to generate a pulse signal with variable current magnitude to form a high-intensity induced magnetic field.
优选的,步骤四中角度记作αi(i=0,1,2,……,90),分解精度为1,按0°~90°范围进行磁场信号分解:Preferably, the angle in
其中,为激励磁场在角度为αi时的感应磁场的磁场强度,A为感应磁场的幅值响应。in, is the magnetic field strength of the induced magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is at an angle of α i , and A is the amplitude response of the induced magnetic field.
优选的,步骤五中信号特征为:a.扰动信号最大时,磁场呈现两圆形磁场,此时角度记作αd;b.漏磁信号最大时,磁场呈现两个条状磁场,此时角度记作αm。Preferably, the signal characteristics in
优选的,步骤六中在αi=αd时,通过扰动磁场信号两峰峰值的间距进行裂纹长度的量化,设扰动磁场强度的峰峰值坐标为(Xk,Yk)和(Xl,Yl),裂纹长度为l,裂纹长度表示为:Preferably, in
其中,a为磁场信号坐标差值向物理长度转化的比例系数;Among them, a is the proportional coefficient for converting the magnetic field signal coordinate difference to the physical length;
在αi=αm和αi=αd时,提取扰动磁场和漏磁场峰峰值用以量化裂纹深度,设扰动磁场强度的峰峰值为Bzd-max,漏磁场强度的峰峰值为Bzm-max,裂纹深度为h,When α i = α m and α i = α d , the peak-to-peak value of the disturbance magnetic field and the leakage magnetic field are extracted to quantify the crack depth. Let the peak-to-peak value of the disturbance magnetic field intensity be Bz d-max , and the peak-to-peak value of the leakage magnetic field intensity be Bz m -max , the crack depth is h,
h=(bdBzd-max+bmBzm-max)/2h=(b d Bz d-max +b m Bz m-max )/2
其中,bd和bm分别为扰动磁场和漏磁场强度向物理深度转化的权重系数,该系数通过对磁场强度峰峰值和裂纹深度值进行数据拟合得到,该系数的精确度与拟合数据量相关;Among them, b d and b m are the weight coefficients for the transformation of the disturbance magnetic field and the leakage magnetic field strength to the physical depth respectively. Quantity related;
在αi=αm和αi=αd时,条状的漏磁磁场信号清晰呈现出裂纹两边,设裂纹角度为θ,得到:When α i = α m and α i = α d , the strip-shaped leakage magnetic field signal clearly shows both sides of the crack. Assuming the crack angle is θ, we get:
因此,本发明采用上述结构的一种基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法,具有以下有益效果:Therefore, the present invention adopts a method for quantifying cracks in ferromagnetic materials based on the pulse rotating electromagnetic field with the above structure, which has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明提出了一种脉冲激励方式,采用FPGA结合MOS管驱动电路实现,设备实现简单,可以实现大电流激励信号输出,并且实现激励电流可控;1. The present invention proposes a pulse excitation method, which is realized by using FPGA combined with a MOS transistor drive circuit. The device is simple to implement, and can realize the output of a large current excitation signal, and realize the controllable excitation current;
2、通过对铁磁性材料裂纹磁场信号的分解,分成漏磁场和扰动磁场,结合两个分解场能够对裂纹尺寸进行量化。2. Through the decomposition of the crack magnetic field signal of ferromagnetic material, it is divided into leakage magnetic field and disturbance magnetic field, and the crack size can be quantified by combining the two decomposition fields.
下面通过附图和实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法流程图;Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for quantifying ferromagnetic material cracks based on pulse rotating electromagnetic field in the present invention;
图2为本发明基于FPGA平台开发的脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化系统结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the schematic structural diagram of the pulse rotating electromagnetic field ferromagnetic material crack quantification system developed based on the FPGA platform of the present invention;
图3为本发明脉冲激励信号发生模块产生的脉冲激励信号示意图;Fig. 3 is the pulse excitation signal schematic diagram that the pulse excitation signal generation module of the present invention produces;
图4为本发明铁磁性材料表面裂纹Bz信号示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the surface crack Bz signal of the ferromagnetic material of the present invention;
图5为本发明铁磁性材料表深埋裂纹Bz信号示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the Bz signal of a deep-buried crack on the surface of a ferromagnetic material of the present invention;
图6为本发明αi=αd时Bz信号峰峰值坐标示意图;Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of Bz signal peak-to-peak coordinates when α i =α d of the present invention;
图7为本发明αi=αm时Bz信号峰峰值坐标示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the peak-to-peak coordinates of the Bz signal when α i =α m according to the present invention.
附图标记reference sign
1、脉冲激励信号发生模块;2、信号采集模块;3、参考信号控制模块;4、锁相放大器模块;5、MOS管驱动电路;6、脉冲旋转探头;7、FPGA平台;8、待测件。1. Pulse excitation signal generation module; 2. Signal acquisition module; 3. Reference signal control module; 4. Lock-in amplifier module; 5. MOS tube drive circuit; 6. Pulse rotating probe; 7. FPGA platform; pieces.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下通过附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
除非另外定义,本发明使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性,而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同,而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接,而是可以包括电性的连接,不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系,当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后,则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. "First", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Comprising" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or items appearing before the word include the elements or items listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "Down", "Left", "Right" and so on are only used to indicate the relative positional relationship. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
实施例Example
图1为本发明基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法流程图;图2为本发明基于FPGA平台开发的脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化系统结构示意图;图3为本发明脉冲激励信号发生模块产生的脉冲激励信号示意图;Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for quantifying cracks in ferromagnetic materials based on pulsed rotating electromagnetic fields in the present invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the quantification system for cracks in ferromagnetic materials in pulsed rotating electromagnetic fields developed by the present invention based on the FPGA platform; Fig. 3 is a pulse excitation signal generation module of the present invention Schematic diagram of the generated pulse excitation signal;
图4为本发明铁磁性材料表面裂纹Bz信号示意图;图5为本发明铁磁性材料表深埋裂纹Bz信号示意图;图6为本发明αi=αd时Bz信号峰峰值坐标示意图;图7为本发明αi=αm时Bz信号峰峰值坐标示意图。Fig. 4 is the ferromagnetic material surface crack Bz signal schematic diagram of the present invention; Fig. 5 is the ferromagnetic material surface deep buried crack Bz signal schematic diagram of the present invention; Fig. 6 is the Bz signal peak value coordinate schematic diagram when α i = α d of the present invention; Fig. 7 It is a schematic diagram of the peak-to-peak coordinates of the Bz signal when α i =α m in the present invention.
如图所示,本发明基于FPGA平台开发旋转脉冲涡流铁磁性材料裂纹量化硬件系统,硬件系统主要包括脉冲激励信号发生模块1、脉冲旋转探头6、信号采集模块2、参考信号控制模块3和锁相放大器模块4等。As shown in the figure, the present invention develops a rotating pulse eddy current ferromagnetic material crack quantification hardware system based on the FPGA platform. The hardware system mainly includes a pulse excitation
本发明所述的一种基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法,包括以下步骤:A method for quantifying cracks in ferromagnetic materials based on pulsed rotating electromagnetic fields according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
步骤一,通过FPGA平台7上的脉冲激励信号发生模块1产生相位差为90°的脉冲激励信号,脉冲激励信号通过MOS管驱动电路5,形成占空比可控的单极性脉冲信号以使较高的电流施加在脉冲旋转探头6的正交激励线圈上,从而在待测件8上空产生旋转脉冲磁场,则在待测件8表面以及内部产生感应电流,通过脉冲旋转探头6上的隧道三轴磁阻传感器拾取待测件8上空的空间感应磁场信号。MOS管驱动电路5控制产生电流大小可变的脉冲信号以形成高强度的感应磁场。
步骤二,FPGA平台7上的信号采集模块2将隧道三轴磁阻传感器捕获的电信号传入FPGA平台7,同时通过FPGA平台7上的参考信号控制模块3产生需要的参考信号,然后通过FPGA平台7上的锁相放大器模块4进行裂纹信号提取。
步骤三,通过不同频率参考信号下的裂纹提取信号进行裂纹类型判断,频率从高到底,不同深度的深埋缺陷依次出现。Step 3: Judgment of crack type by crack extraction signals under different frequency reference signals, the frequency is from high to low, and deep-buried defects of different depths appear in sequence.
步骤四,将提取到的裂纹信号中所包含的感应磁场的幅值信息和相位信息通过磁场还原法进行运算得到感应磁场在激励磁场位于任意角度时的磁场强度。Step 4: Calculate the amplitude information and phase information of the induced magnetic field contained in the extracted crack signal by a magnetic field reduction method to obtain the magnetic field strength of the induced magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is at any angle.
步骤五,将提取的裂纹信号分解为漏磁信号和扰动信号,找到漏磁场和扰动磁场磁场强度最大情况,记录信号特征。
步骤六,根据信号特征,计算裂纹长度、裂纹深度、裂纹角度。
选取的待测件8有三个缺陷,尺寸均为10mm×3mm(长×深),埋藏深度分别为0mm、1mm和2mm。脉冲激励信号发生模块1生成两个300Hz、5V脉冲信号源作为激励信号,两激励信号相位差为90°。正交激励线圈为两个正交缠绕的线圈构成,通过三轴隧道磁阻传感器接收待测信号。The selected
待测信号经过FPGA构建的锁相放大器模块4,进行待测信号特定频率成分的解调,这里选取300Hz(激励信号的基波)和300300Hz(激励信号的1001谐次波)正弦信号作为参考信号进行解调。The signal to be measured passes through the lock-in
根据低频率电磁信号穿透待测件8的能力比高频率信号强的原理,进行缺陷类型的判别。已知标准Bz幅值信号为双峰信号,由图3结果可知,在300Hz和300300Hz下,Bz信号均呈现两个峰值特征,为标准Bz幅值信号曲线,因此,该裂纹为待测试件表面裂纹;已知标准Bz幅值信号为双峰信号,由图4结果可知,在300Hz下,Bz信号呈现两个峰值特征,为标准Bz幅值信号曲线,在300300Hz下,未出现裂纹信号特征,因此,可知该裂纹为待测试件埋深裂纹。According to the principle that the ability of low-frequency electromagnetic signals to penetrate the
裂纹量化包括裂纹长度、角度和深度信息。选取埋深0mm深度的裂纹进行说明,在300300Hz下进行缺陷量化。Crack quantification includes crack length, angle and depth information. A crack with a buried depth of 0 mm is selected for illustration, and defect quantification is performed at 300-300 Hz.
1、首先,通过分解算法,将裂纹信号按照磁场信号角度进行分解,间隔为1,记作α0,α1,α2,……,α90。将检测信号中所包含的感应磁场的幅值信息和相位信息通过磁场还原法进行运算得到感应磁场在激励磁场位于任意角度时的磁场强度:1. First, through the decomposition algorithm, the crack signal is decomposed according to the angle of the magnetic field signal, and the interval is 1, which is recorded as α 0 , α 1 , α 2 ,..., α 90 . The amplitude information and phase information of the induced magnetic field contained in the detection signal are calculated by the magnetic field reduction method to obtain the magnetic field strength of the induced magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is at any angle:
其中,为激励磁场在角度为αi时的感应磁场的磁场强度,A为感应磁场的幅值响应。in, is the magnetic field strength of the induced magnetic field when the excitation magnetic field is at an angle of α i , and A is the amplitude response of the induced magnetic field.
2、找到扰动信号和漏磁信号最大情况:a.扰动信号最大时,磁场呈现两圆形磁场,此时角度记作αd;b.漏磁信号最大时,磁场呈现两个条状磁场,此时角度记作αm。2. Find the maximum disturbance signal and magnetic flux leakage signal: a. When the disturbance signal is the largest, the magnetic field presents two circular magnetic fields, and the angle at this time is recorded as α d ; b. When the magnetic flux leakage signal is maximum, the magnetic field presents two strip magnetic fields, At this time, the angle is denoted as α m .
为了量化裂纹长度,在αi=αd时,记Bz信号的峰峰值坐标为(Xk,Yk)和(Xl,Yl),裂纹长度为l,In order to quantify the crack length, when α i = α d , record the peak-to-peak coordinates of the Bz signal as (X k , Y k ) and (X l , Y l ), and the crack length is l,
其中,a为磁场信号坐标差值向物理长度转化的比例系数。Among them, a is the proportional coefficient for transforming the magnetic field signal coordinate difference to the physical length.
为量化裂纹深度,在αi=αm和αi=αd时,提取扰动磁场和漏磁场峰峰值用以量化裂纹深度,设扰动磁场强度的峰峰值为Bzd-max,漏磁场强度的峰峰值为Bzm-max,裂纹深度为h,In order to quantify the crack depth, when α i =α m and α i =α d , the peak-to-peak values of the disturbance magnetic field and the leakage magnetic field are extracted to quantify the crack depth. Let the peak-peak value of the disturbance magnetic field intensity be Bz d-max , and the leakage magnetic field intensity be The peak-to-peak value is Bz m-max , the crack depth is h,
h=(bdBzd-max+bmBzm-max)/2h=(b d Bz d-max +b m Bz m-max )/2
其中,bd和bm分别为扰动磁场和漏磁场强度向物理深度转化的权重系数。Among them, b d and b m are the weight coefficients for the conversion of the disturbance magnetic field and the leakage magnetic field strength to the physical depth, respectively.
为量化裂纹角度,取αi=αm时,条状的漏磁磁场信号清晰呈现出裂纹两边,在αi=αd时,Bz信号的峰峰值坐标为(Xk,Yk)和(Xl,Yl),记裂纹角度为θ,得到In order to quantify the crack angle, when α i = α m , the strip-shaped magnetic flux leakage magnetic field signal clearly shows both sides of the crack. When α i = α d , the peak-to-peak coordinates of the Bz signal are (X k , Y k ) and ( X l , Y l ), record the crack angle as θ, and get
因此,本发明采用上述结构的基于脉冲旋转电磁场铁磁性材料裂纹量化方法,能够解决传统旋转电磁场检测技术无法对铁磁性材料裂纹尺寸量化以及无法判断表面裂纹和埋深裂纹的问题。Therefore, the present invention adopts the method for quantifying ferromagnetic material cracks based on the pulsed rotating electromagnetic field with the above structure, which can solve the problems that the traditional rotating electromagnetic field detection technology cannot quantify the size of ferromagnetic material cracks and cannot judge surface cracks and buried deep cracks.
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而这些修改或者等同替换亦不能使修改后的技术方案脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it still Modifications or equivalent replacements can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
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