CN116121605A - Heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for electric bicycle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for electric bicycle and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116121605A CN116121605A CN202310322743.XA CN202310322743A CN116121605A CN 116121605 A CN116121605 A CN 116121605A CN 202310322743 A CN202310322743 A CN 202310322743A CN 116121605 A CN116121605 A CN 116121605A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910019064 Mg-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019406 Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017706 MgZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
- B22D17/2218—Cooling or heating equipment for dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
- B22D17/2236—Equipment for loosening or ejecting castings from dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/08—Metallic powder characterised by particles having an amorphous microstructure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/002—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof amorphous or microcrystalline
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/006—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for an electric bicycle and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises Si:7.0wt% to 11.0wt%; mg:0.8-2.0wt%; cu:0.5-1.5wt%; zn:2.0 to 8.0wt%; b:0.001wt% to 0.20wt%; ti:0.05-0.2wt%; mn:0.1 to 0.8wt%; fe:0.05-0.8wt%; sr:0.005-0.5wt%; zr: less than 0.1wt%; cr: less than 0.1wt%; the sum of the weight percentages of the rest impurities is controlled below 1.0 weight percent, and the rest is Al. Compared with the prior art, the material can reach the tensile strength of 310-380MPa, the yield strength of 200-270MPa, the elongation of 2-5 percent and the hardness of 100-120HB without heat treatment, and the corresponding caliper product can bear the jaw pressure of more than 24.5MPa, thereby greatly reducing the production cost and having great economic benefit under the condition of meeting the safety requirement of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electric bicycle, in particular to a heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for an electric bicycle and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The caliper is one of the main parts on the disc brake of the electric bicycle, is matched with a brake disc, a friction plate, a brake bracket and the like for use after being processed, is the part with the most concentrated stress and the most frequent bearing of variable load pressure in the electric bicycle, and relates to the safety performance of the electric bicycle, so that the design standard of the caliper is very strict. At present, the caliper material for the electric bicycle is mainly ZL111 aluminum alloy in the T6 state, and is generally produced by gravity casting or low-pressure casting, and compared with the high-pressure casting production process, the defects such as pore cracks and the like of parts produced by gravity casting and low-pressure casting are low in proportion, so that the prior art is generally mainly cast by gravity or low-pressure casting. In order to meet the product performance, ZL111 material must be subjected to solution heat treatment at high temperature for a long time and low-temperature aging process to meet the use requirement, if the material has defects of air holes, shrinkage porosity and the like in the casting or casting process, the defects of bulge, crack, deformation and the like are extremely easy to cause rejection of the product in the subsequent high-temperature treatment process, so that the caliper manufactured by the traditional casting or low-pressure casting process has poor yield and production efficiency and low overall economic benefit.
Patent CN115505799a describes a high strength and toughness gravity casting aluminum alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si:5.0 to 10.0wt percent of Cu:0.001 to 0.5 weight percent of Mg:0.001 to 1.0 weight percent of Zn:0.001 to 0.5wt percent of Fe:0.003 to 0.8 weight percent of Ti:0.001 to 0.5wt percent of Cr:0.001 to 0.4wt percent of Zr:0.001 to 0.3 weight percent of Sr:0.001 to 0.055wt percent of RE:0.001 to 0.55wt%, the total of other unavoidable impurity elements is not more than 0.3wt%, and the balance is aluminum. In the patent, the casting is subjected to solid solution and low-temperature aging treatment, the solid solution temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the casting is subjected to heat preservation for 6-8 hours and then is put into water with the temperature of 30-100 ℃ for quenching treatment; the low-temperature aging treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is 170 ℃ to 190 ℃ and kept for 7 to 8 hours. The product of the patent still cannot avoid a heat treatment process, and rare earth elements are required to be additionally added, so that the production cost and the production efficiency are not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for the electric bicycle and the preparation method thereof, and the material can meet the performance requirement without heat treatment, so that the material can be prepared into the caliper product for the electric bicycle in a high-efficiency high-pressure die-casting forming mode, the overall production efficiency is obviously higher than that of gravity casting and low-pressure casting, and the heat treatment-free product omits a heat treatment process at high temperature for a long time, avoids risks of bulging, deformation and the like of the product, improves the yield, and the performance still can meet the requirement, thereby greatly improving the economic benefit.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: a heat treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy for electric bicycles, the alloy comprising Si:7.0wt% to 11.0wt%; mg:0.8-2.0wt%; cu:0.5-1.5wt%; zn:2.0 to 8.0wt%; b:0.001wt% to 0.20wt%; ti:0.05-0.2wt%; mn:0.1 to 0.8wt%; fe:0.05-0.8wt%; sr:0.005-0.5wt%; zr: less than 0.1wt%; cr: less than 0.1wt%; the sum of the weight percentages of the rest impurities is controlled below 1.0 weight percent, and the rest is Al.
Preferably, the alloy comprises Si:9.0wt% to 10.2wt%; mg:1.0 to 1.3wt%; cu:0.5-1.5wt%; zn:5.5-6.5wt%; b:0.01wt% to 0.05wt%; ti:0.05-0.15wt%; mn:0.4-0.7wt%; fe:0.2-0.5wt%; sr:0.025-0.1wt%; zr: less than 0.1wt%; cr: less than 0.1wt%; the sum of the weight percentages of the rest impurities is controlled below 1.0 weight percent, and the rest is Al.
Further, in the alloy, (mn+cr)/fe=0.5 to 2:1.
further, zr, mn, cr, ti, B is added as an amorphous master alloy of Al-Zr, al-Mn, al-Cr and Al-Ti-B.
Further, the amorphous master alloy is obtained by the following method: and (3) treating Al-Ti-B, al-Sr, al-Mn, al-Cr and Al-Zr by adopting a gas quenching atomization method to obtain the intermediate phase alloy amorphous powder.
Specifically, the master alloy amorphous powder is obtained by the following method: the gas quenching atomization method is to add Al-Ti-B, al-Sr, al-Mn, al-Cr and Al-Zr intermediate phase alloy respectively, heat the alloy to 800-1400 ℃ molten state, take inert gas as protection and cooling medium, form tiny liquid drops by high-speed gas flow impact molten liquid flow, and the cooling rate reaches 10 3 -10 4 K/s, and forming amorphous alloy powder after quenching, wherein the air flow pressure is 0.5-4Mpa.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for the electric bicycle, which comprises the following steps of:
1) Putting high-purity aluminum element into a heating furnace, heating to 700 ℃, and completely melting and preserving heat for 15min;
2) Heating to 780 ℃, and adding Fe agent;
3) Cooling to 760 ℃, and adding Si and Cu elemental elements;
4) Cooling to 730 ℃, and adding Al-Zr, al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Sr and Al-Ti-B amorphous intermediate alloy;
5) Cooling to 720 ℃, and adding pure Mg and pure Zn metal materials;
6) And after the raw materials are completely melted, casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Further, the aluminum alloy casting is subjected to high-pressure die casting forming to prepare the electric bicycle caliper, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Melting the aluminum alloy ingot again at 750 ℃ and preserving heat, and introducing protective gas to isolate the aluminum alloy ingot from air during heat preservation;
2) The molten alloy obtained in the step 1) is prefilled in a charging barrel through a punch of a die casting machine, the die casting die is presupposed to keep the temperature at 250-350 ℃ by adopting a die temperature machine, meanwhile, the die casting die is provided with a heat preservation charging barrel, the temperature of the charging barrel is kept at 200-250 ℃ during die casting, and a molten aluminum alloy casting carried by the charging barrel is rapidly cooled and molded by adopting the injection speed of 4m/s under the pressure of 20-40 MPa;
3) And demolding, and taking out the casting through the mechanical arm to obtain the caliper product for the electric bicycle.
The obtained caliper material does not need heat treatment, can reach the tensile strength of 310-380MPa, the yield strength of 200-270MPa, the elongation of 2-5%, the hardness of 100-120HB in a natural state, and the jaw pressure of a product can be more than 24.5MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The invention prepares the Al-Ti-B, al-Zr, al-Sr and other multi-element alloys by a gas quenching atomization method, and the particle size of the amorphous powder is less than 30um, and the size is fine and uniform. The method has the advantages that the modification and refinement of the material are carried out on the aluminum liquid by adopting the amorphous powder adding mode, compared with the traditional adding mode, the addition of the amorphous powder reduces the defects introduced during adding, slag inclusion or undissolved particle phases are not easy to generate, the purity of the aluminum liquid is improved, and meanwhile, the amorphous powder has a random crystal structure grown by taking Al-Ti-B, al-Zr and the like as nucleation points due to the characteristic of the amorphous structure of the amorphous powder, so that grains are refined more effectively, and the toughness of the material is improved.
2) The invention adopts the specific proportion of (Mn+Cr)/Fe ratio, the addition of Mn can enlarge the alpha-Fe phase region, the Mn atom size is similar to Fe, and the interaction reaction is easy to occur with Fe, and the addition of Mn can change the long needle-shaped beta-Fe phase into the Chinese character-shaped alpha-Fe phase, thereby greatly weakening the adverse factors of the long needle-shaped beta-Fe relative to the mechanical property of the alloy and inhibiting the formation of beta-Fe. The addition of trace Cr can also change the long needle-shaped beta-Fe phase in the alloy into a fishbone-shaped alpha-Fe phase or a netty alpha-Al (Mn, cr) Si phase, the changed alpha-Fe phase can be distributed at dendrite gaps, the adverse effect caused by the needle-shaped phase is reduced, the stress concentration is reduced, the die casting performance is improved, the die sticking is reduced, the tolerance of the material to Fe is improved, the harmful effect of Fe is eliminated, and the toughness is ensured.
3) According to the invention, by adding a certain amount of Mg, cu, zr and Zn, the performance and hardness of the material are improved. The addition of Zr can form fine Al 3 Zr is dispersed in the intermediate phase, the precipitated phase is uniform and fine, has extremely strong dislocation pinning effect, improves the strength of the material, and can form nano-scale and submicron-scale Al at room temperature by adding aging elements Cu, mg and Zn 2 Cu、Mg 2 Si and MgZn 2 The corresponding GP zone and pre-precipitated phase effectively ensure the strength and hardness of the material, the excessive Zn not only has the solid solution strengthening effect, but also generates lattice distortion on the matrix by utilizing the high solid solubility of the excessive Zn, the generation of the distortion promotes the formation of more small-size Mg-Si isochronous clusters, the number of the GP zone in the material is promoted, and meanwhile, the existence of the excessive Zn reduces the activation energy of beta 'precipitation of the Mg-Si pre-aged phase, so that the beta' phase is easier to precipitate, the response speed of hardening the material is improved, and the strength and hardness of the product are further improved.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the examples of the present invention, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples 1 to 6
A heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for electric bicycles comprises the components in percentage as shown in the following table 1, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
The alloy material comprises Si:7.0wt% to 11.0wt%; mg:0.8-2.0wt%; cu:0.5-1.5wt%; zn:2.0 to 8.0wt%; b:0.001wt% to 0.20wt%; ti:0.05-0.2wt%; mn:0.1 to 0.8wt%; fe:0.05-0.8wt%; sr:0.005-0.5wt%; zr: less than 0.1wt%; cr: less than 0.1wt%; the sum of the weight percentages of the rest impurities is controlled below 1.0 weight percent, and the rest is Al.
Table 1 shows the content of each element in the aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 6 and the composition of the materials obtained therefrom
Preparing materials according to the above table 1, wherein Zr, mn, cr, ti, B is added by using Al-Zr, al-Mn, al-Cr and Al-Ti-B amorphous intermediate alloy, the intermediate alloy amorphous powder is prepared by using commercial intermediate alloy as raw material and adopting a gas quenching atomization method to treat Al-Ti-B, al-Sr, al-Mn, al-Cr and Al-Zr to prepare intermediate alloy amorphous powder, so that Zr, mn, cr, ti, sr is uniformly dispersed in aluminum liquid;
1) Putting high-purity aluminum element into a heating furnace, heating to 700 ℃, and completely melting and preserving heat for 15min;
2) Heating to 780 ℃, and adding Fe agent;
3) Cooling to 760 ℃, and adding Si and Cu elemental elements;
4) Cooling to 730 ℃, and adding Al-Zr, al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Sr and Al-Ti-B amorphous intermediate alloy;
5) Cooling to 720 ℃, and adding pure Mg and pure Zn metal materials;
6) And after the raw materials are completely melted, casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot.
The aluminum alloy casting is subjected to high-pressure die casting forming to prepare the electric bicycle caliper, which comprises the following steps:
1) Melting the aluminum alloy ingot again at 750 ℃ and preserving heat, and introducing protective gas to isolate the aluminum alloy ingot from air during heat preservation;
2) Protective gas is introduced to isolate with air during heat preservation, and then the air is injected into a die casting die;
3) The molten alloy obtained in the step 1) is prefilled in a charging barrel through a punch of a die casting machine, the die casting die is presupposed to keep the temperature at 250-350 ℃ by adopting a die temperature machine, meanwhile, the die casting die is provided with a heat preservation charging barrel, the temperature of the charging barrel is kept at 200-250 ℃ during die casting, and a molten aluminum alloy casting carried by the charging barrel is rapidly cooled and molded by adopting the injection speed of 4m/s under the pressure of 20-40 MPa;
4) Demolding, and taking out the casting through a mechanical arm to obtain a caliper product for the electric bicycle;
carrying out high-pressure die casting molding on the aluminum alloy casting to prepare a 3 mm-thick stretch sheet, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
1) Melting the aluminum alloy ingot again at 750 ℃ and preserving heat, and introducing protective gas to isolate the aluminum alloy ingot from air during heat preservation;
2) Protective gas is introduced to isolate with air during heat preservation, and then the air is injected into a die casting die;
3) The molten alloy obtained in the step 1) is prefilled in a charging barrel through a punch of a die casting machine, the die casting die is presupposed to keep the temperature at 250-350 ℃ by adopting a die temperature machine, meanwhile, the die casting die is provided with a heat preservation charging barrel, the temperature of the charging barrel is kept at 200-250 ℃ during die casting, and a molten aluminum alloy casting carried by the charging barrel is rapidly cooled and molded by adopting the injection speed of 4m/s under the pressure of 20-40 MPa;
4) Demolding, and taking out the casting through a mechanical arm to obtain a stretching piece with the thickness of 3 mm;
the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the stretch panel were measured according to national standard GB/T228.1-2010 without heat treatment.
And the caliper product does not need to be subjected to heat treatment, and the hardness and the jaw pressure of the caliper product are detected.
The comparative example was ZL111-T6 commercially available as a comparative example.
Table 2 shows comparative examples 1-6 and ZL111-T6
As can be seen from the table, the material prepared by the invention can reach the tensile strength of 310-380MPa, the yield strength of 200-270MPa, the elongation of 2-5% and the hardness of 100-120HB without heat treatment, and the jaw pressure of the product is more than 24.5MPa.
The material state performance (without heat treatment) of the corresponding product is close to the ZL111-T6 state performance, the toughening effect of the heat treated aluminum alloy T6 can be achieved without special heat treatment, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the method has extremely high economic benefit.
Claims (10)
1. A heat treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy for electric bicycles, characterized in that the alloy comprises Si:7.0wt% to 11.0wt%; mg:0.8-2.0wt%; cu:0.5-1.5wt%; zn:2.0 to 8.0wt%; b:0.001wt% to 0.20wt%; ti:0.05-0.2wt%; mn:0.1 to 0.8wt%; fe:0.05-0.8wt%; sr:0.005-0.5wt%; zr: less than 0.1wt%; cr: less than 0.1wt%; the sum of the weight percentages of the rest impurities is controlled below 1.0 weight percent, and the rest is Al.
2. The heat treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy for electric bicycles as claimed in claim 1, wherein said alloy comprises Si:9.0wt% to 10.2wt%; mg:1.0 to 1.3wt%; cu:0.5-1.5wt%; zn:5.5-6.5wt%; b:0.01wt% to 0.05wt%; ti:0.05-0.15wt%; mn:0.4-0.7wt%; fe:0.2-0.5wt%; sr:0.025-0.1wt%; zr: less than 0.1wt%; cr: less than 0.1wt%; the sum of the weight percentages of the rest impurities is controlled below 1.0 weight percent, and the rest is Al.
3. The heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for electric bicycles as claimed in claim 1, wherein (mn+cr)/fe=0.5 to 2:1.
4. the heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for electric bicycles as claimed in claim 1, wherein Zr, cr, mn, sr, ti and B are added as Al-Zr, al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Sr and Al-Ti-B amorphous intermediate alloys.
5. The heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for electric bicycles as claimed in claim 4, wherein the amorphous intermediate alloy is obtained by the following method: and (3) treating Al-Ti-B, al-Sr, al-Mn, al-Cr and Al-Zr by adopting a gas quenching atomization method to obtain the intermediate phase alloy amorphous powder.
6. The heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for electric bicycles as claimed in claim 5, wherein the gas quenching atomization method is as follows: heating Al-Ti-B, al-Sr, al-Mn, al-Cr and Al-Zr intermediate phase alloy to 800-1400 deg.C molten state, using inert gas as protecting and cooling medium, forming micro liquid drops by high-speed gas flow impact molten liquid flow, cooling at a cooling rate of 10 3 -10 4 K/s, and forming amorphous alloy powder after quenching, wherein the air flow pressure is 0.5-4Mpa.
7. A method for producing the heat treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy for electric bicycles, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
1) Putting high-purity aluminum element into a heating furnace, heating to 700 ℃, and completely melting and preserving heat for 15min;
2) Heating to 780 ℃, and adding Fe agent;
3) Cooling to 760 ℃, and adding Si and Cu elemental elements;
4) Cooling to 730 ℃, and adding Al-Zr, al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Sr and Al-Ti-B amorphous intermediate alloy;
5) Cooling to 720 ℃, and adding pure Mg and pure Zn metal materials;
6) And after the raw materials are completely melted, casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot.
8. The method for manufacturing a heat treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy for an electric bicycle according to claim 7, wherein the aluminum alloy casting is subjected to high-pressure die casting to manufacture an electric bicycle caliper.
9. The method for preparing a heat treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy for an electric bicycle according to claim 8, wherein the high-pressure die-casting molding step comprises the following steps:
1) Melting the aluminum alloy ingot again at 750 ℃ and preserving heat, and introducing protective gas to isolate the aluminum alloy ingot from air during heat preservation;
2) The molten alloy obtained in the step 1) is prefilled in a charging barrel through a punch of a die casting machine, the die casting die is presupposed to keep the temperature at 250-350 ℃ by adopting a die temperature machine, meanwhile, the die casting die is provided with a heat preservation charging barrel, the temperature of the charging barrel is kept at 200-250 ℃ during die casting, and a molten aluminum alloy casting carried by the charging barrel is rapidly cooled and molded by adopting the injection speed of 4m/s under the pressure of 20-40 MPa;
3) And demolding to obtain the caliper product for the electric bicycle.
10. The method for preparing the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy for the electric bicycle according to claim 8, wherein the tensile strength of the caliper material can reach 310-380MPa without heat treatment, the yield strength is 200-270MPa, the elongation is 2-5%, the hardness is 100-120HB, and the corresponding product can bear the jaw pressure of more than 24.5MPa.
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