CN113278831A - Method for preparing regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy from scrap aluminum - Google Patents

Method for preparing regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy from scrap aluminum Download PDF

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CN113278831A
CN113278831A CN202110515849.2A CN202110515849A CN113278831A CN 113278831 A CN113278831 A CN 113278831A CN 202110515849 A CN202110515849 A CN 202110515849A CN 113278831 A CN113278831 A CN 113278831A
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aluminum alloy
alloy
aluminum
adc12
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CN113278831B (en
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刘勇
袁来兴
张永
刘毅
易光斌
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Nanchang University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/062—Obtaining aluminium refining using salt or fluxing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

A method for preparing regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy from scrap aluminum comprises the following steps: heating and smelting the waste aluminum scraps by using a vacuum high-frequency induction electromagnetic induction furnace, fully melting, and introducing argon for degassing; cooling the melt to 730 ℃, adding Al-30RE, Al-10Mn and Al-10Cr for refining and modification, stirring by a graphite rod, keeping the temperature, slagging off and filtering; adding intermediate alloy components of industrial pure Al and Al-30Si for adjustment, uniformly stirring after melting, blowing nitrogen, and standing to obtain regenerated aluminum alloy; the invention converts the impurities which are difficult to remove into strengthening phases and uniformly distributes the strengthening phases on the matrix; meanwhile, the coarse acicular Fe-rich phase is effectively crushed, and the fracture influence of the Fe-rich phase on the matrix is eliminated; and the flaky eutectic Si phase is refined into a short rod shape or a fibrous shape, so that the fracture influence on the matrix is weakened. The mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved; the preparation method is simple, has low cost and is beneficial to industrialization.

Description

Method for preparing regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy from scrap aluminum
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a regenerated aluminum alloy formula and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In use, the aluminum products for the vehicle are often matched with Fe and Cu base parts or assembled by using Fe base connecting pieces, and the recovered aluminum products are often directly packaged and sent to aluminum processing enterprises without being distinguished. Therefore, a coarse needle-like iron-rich phase is generated in the solidification process, and the structure can crack an aluminum alloy matrix, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is reduced. The content of Fe and Cu in the regenerated aluminum alloy seriously exceeds the national standard. In addition, the content of impurity elements such as Mg, Zn, Ni and the like is also higher, and meanwhile, ADC12 has practical problems of low strength, poor plasticity, general cutting processing performance and the like, so that the requirements of parts with higher strength are difficult to meet. The content of Fe and Cu in the secondary aluminum is obviously too high, the content of Fe is too high, needle-shaped Fe-rich phases are easy to appear in the alloy, the structure can cut a matrix and reduce the mechanical property of the alloy, and the structure can also reduce the fluidity, increase the thermal cracking property and reduce the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Meanwhile, ADC12 contains a certain amount of Cu, but the content of the Cu is seriously higher than the national standard, and the Cu content is too high, so that the hot cracking tendency of the alloy is increased. I.e., Fe and Cu, are the major detrimental elements that cause hot cracking defects in aluminum alloys. Therefore, in the manufacturing process, the regenerated aluminum alloy has great hot cracking tendency, low production yield and high manufacturing cost. The traditional aluminum scrap regeneration focuses on reducing the content of impurity elements in an aluminum melt, but because the renewable aluminum industry in China starts late and does not form scale, the smelting technology and equipment are relatively lagged behind, so that the elements of the renewable aluminum product are complex. In general, impurities which are difficult to remove still exist after treatment, so that most of the impurities can only be degraded for use.
The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN108998675A discloses the application of rare earth in the regeneration of waste aluminum, only by adding rare earth elements after simple crushing, magnetic separation and other treatments, but the method can not solve the problem of residue of impurities such as Fe, Cu and the like, so that the safe use of the regenerated aluminum is difficult to realize.
The patent with the publication number of CN103643088A discloses an alterant of ADC12 aluminum alloy and an alteration method thereof. It refines alpha-Al dendrites by Ti, B and RE and improves the morphology and size of eutectic Si phase, thus improving the mechanical properties of the alloy.
The patent with the publication number of CN110453102A discloses a composite modifier for ADC12 aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The morphology and size of alpha-Al dendrites and eutectic silicon phases are refined by Te and rare earth Yb, so that the mechanical property and the casting property of ADC12 are improved.
In conclusion, most of the prior art only introduces 1-2 rare earth elements, or simply introduces Ti and B to reduce the Fe content of the aluminum alloy melt, and less pays attention to the composite improvement effect of various rare earth elements, Mn and Cr on the aluminum alloy melt. The problems existing in the prior art cannot be effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy from scrap aluminum, which can optimize the prepared aluminum alloy structure, convert impurities which are difficult to remove, such as Fe, Mg, Zn, Ti and the like in the alloy into a strengthening phase, effectively crush a needle-shaped Fe-rich phase in the aluminum alloy to make the phase into a short rod shape, refine a eutectic Si phase structure in the aluminum alloy into a net-shaped structure or a fiber structure, uniformly distribute the structure on a substrate, and have the functions of melt purification, degassing and the like, so that the number and the size of pinholes in the alloy are obviously reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The method for preparing the regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy from the scrap aluminum comprises the following steps.
(1) Smelting raw materials: the scrap aluminum alloy is heated and smelted by a vacuum high-frequency induction electromagnetic induction furnace, the smelting temperature is controlled at 740-760 ℃ for full smelting, and then argon is introduced for degassing.
(2) Refining and alloy component adjustment: cooling the waste and impurity aluminum alloy melt melted in the step (1) to 730 ℃, adding Al-30RE, Al-10Mn and Al-10Cr into the melt for refining and modification, stirring the melt for 1-2 min by using a graphite rod, keeping the temperature for 20min, slagging off and filtering, wherein RE is mixed rare earth of La, Ce and Y; and adding an industrial pure Al and Al-30Si intermediate alloy according to the mass percentage of the components to adjust the components, uniformly stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, blowing nitrogen for 5min, and standing for 20-30 min to obtain the component-adjusted secondary aluminum alloy.
(3) Casting and forming: and (3) pouring the aluminum alloy solution prepared in the step (2) into a mold, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot.
Adjusting the alloy components in the step (2), and according to the mass percent of the prepared regenerated aluminum alloy, the alloy components comprise the following components: si: 9.6-12 wt.%, Cu: 1.5-3.5 wt.%, La: 0.01-1.0 wt.%, Ce: 0.01-1.0 wt.%, Y: 0.01-1.0 wt.%, Mn: 0.01-0.2 wt.%, Cr: 0.01-0.2 wt.%, wherein impurities are controlled as follows: fe <1.3 wt.%, Mg <0.3 wt.%, Zn <1.0 wt.%, Ti: <0.2 wt.%, balance Al, wherein the total amount of rare earth elements La, Ce and Y does not exceed 1 wt.%.
Preferably, the recycled aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 9.6-12 wt.%, Cu: 1.5-3.5 wt.%, La: 0.01-0.5 wt.%, Ce: 0.01-0.5 wt.%, Y: 0.01-0.5 wt.%, Mn: 0.01-0.15 wt.%, Cr: 0.01-0.15 wt.%, wherein impurities are controlled as follows: fe <1.0 wt.%, Mg <0.25 wt.%, Zn <0.8 wt.%, Ti: <0.15 wt.%, with the balance being Al, wherein the total amount of rare earth elements La, Ce and Y does not exceed 1 wt.%.
Further, the pouring temperature interval in step (3) of the present invention is: 690-700 ℃.
Further, the preheating temperature of the die in the step (3) of the invention is 200-250 ℃.
The invention is based on the following theoretical basis and principle. Fe, Mg, Zn and Ti are the most common impurity elements in the refining process of secondary aluminum. For the conversion of Fe: by adding RE, Mn and Cr to the aluminum melt, Fe is easy to form (Fe, Mn) Al6、(Cr、Fe)Al7FeRESiAl and the like, thereby reducing the solid solubility of Fe impurity elements in an aluminum matrix, having a certain strengthening effect on the alloy, improving the toughness of the alloy and reducing the stress corrosion cracking sensitivityAnd (4) sex. Meanwhile, Mn and Cr can break the long-needle-shaped iron-rich phase to form a short rod-shaped or Chinese character-shaped shape; for the conversion of Mg: on the one hand, Mg can generate Mg in aluminum alloy2Si strengthening phase to raise the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy, and Mg may also be produced5Al8The compound is uniformly precipitated, and the corrosion resistance and the welding performance of the alloy are improved. More importantly, RE is combined with Al in the secondary aluminum melt to generate La3Al11、Al3Ce Al3Y and other crystal nuclei to achieve the effect of refining crystal grains so as to increase the mechanical property of the crystal grains; the invention focuses on converting non-aluminum elements into an endogenous precipitated phase, namely, impurities which are difficult to remove in a regenerated aluminum melt are converted into a fine and dispersed reinforced phase by introducing elements such as rare earth and the like, so that the purity and the performance of the regenerated aluminum are improved, the grade-keeping regeneration of the automobile waste aluminum is realized, and the problems in the prior art are solved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the formula of the invention can convert impurities which are difficult to remove in the regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy into strengthening phases, meanwhile, the La, Ce and Y rare earth elements effectively crush the coarse acicular Fe-rich phase, and simultaneously have the functions of melt purification, degassing and the like, and simultaneously, the combination of Mn and Cr enables the coarse acicular Fe-rich phase to form Chinese character shapes, block shapes and fishbone shapes. The fracture influence of Fe-rich phase relative to a matrix is eliminated, so that the mechanical property of the alloy is improved; (2) the regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy prepared by the method has uniformly distributed strengthening phases, is beneficial to refining eutectic Si phases, and can effectively improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy; (3) the preparation method is simple, adopts a die-casting forming process, has low cost and is beneficial to industrialization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the microstructure of comparative example 1 ADC12 aluminum alloy, wherein panel a is a low magnification microstructure; panel b is a high power microscopic tissue image.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum alloy ADC12 after modification in example 3, wherein a is a low magnification microstructure; panel b is a high power microscopic tissue image.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the microstructure of the aluminum alloy ADC12 after modification in example 4, wherein a is a low magnification microstructure; panel b is a high power microscopic tissue image.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the following examples are all implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
In the embodiment of the invention, ADC12 scrap aluminum alloy is selected as a raw material, is subjected to smelting, casting and homogenization treatment, and is tested for structure performance, and the embodiment is used as a comparative example, which is only used for better understanding of technical characteristics and beneficial effects of the invention.
Comparative example 1.
The comparative example takes ADC12 automobile waste aluminum as a raw material, and the raw material is simply sorted and packed, then is put into molten aluminum for smelting, and then is subjected to casting molding and homogenization treatment to obtain the secondary aluminum alloy cast ingot. The components of the alloy are directly sampled from the melt and tested, and the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 10.99 wt.%, Cu: 3.72 wt.%, Mn: 0.04%, Cr: 0.02%, Fe: 0.72%, Mg: 0.32%, Zn: 0.68%, Ti: 0.24% and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the regenerated aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following preparation process and parameters.
(1) Smelting waste aluminum alloy: ADC12 automobile waste aluminum products are weighed, smelted and then subjected to melt refining treatment. And adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent in sequence for refining deslagging, controlling the treatment temperature to be 730 ℃, standing and preserving heat for 30min after treatment, and thus obtaining the ADC12 secondary aluminum alloy melt.
(2) Casting and forming: and pouring the aluminum melt into a common metal mold for casting and molding, wherein the preheating temperature of the mold is 200-300 ℃.
And (3) carrying out structure observation on the metallographic specimen prepared by the cast ingot of comparative example 1, and then carrying out mechanical property test, wherein the room-temperature tensile mechanical property is as follows: the tensile strength is 153 MPa; elongation at break 1.2%.
Example 1. Al-10.22Si-3.0Cu-0.05La-0.05Ce-0.05Y-0.05Mn-0.05Cr (wt.%) regenerated aluminium alloy and its preparation.
The preparation method described in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps.
(1) Smelting raw materials: weighing the ADC12 secondary aluminum obtained in the comparative example 1, heating and smelting by using a vacuum high-frequency induction electromagnetic induction furnace, controlling the smelting temperature to be 760 ℃ for full melting, and introducing argon for degassing.
(2) Refining and alloy component adjustment: cooling the regenerated aluminum alloy melt melted in the step (1) to 730 ℃, adding Al-30RE, Al-30Mn and Al-20Cr into the melt for refining and modification, keeping the temperature for 20min, removing slag, and filtering, wherein RE is mixed rare earth of La, Ce and Y; and then adding an industrial pure Al and Al-30Si intermediate alloy according to the mass percentage of the components for component adjustment, uniformly stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, introducing nitrogen, controlling the time to be 5min, standing and preserving the heat for 30min to obtain the component-adjusted secondary aluminum alloy.
(3) Casting and forming: preheating the mould at 200 ℃ for 10 min, cooling the aluminum alloy melt prepared in the step (2) to 690 ℃, pouring the aluminum alloy solution into the mould, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ingot.
Adjusting the alloy components in the step (2), and according to the mass percent of the prepared regenerated aluminum alloy, the alloy components comprise the following components: si: 10.22 wt.%, Cu: 3.0 wt.%, La: 0.05 wt.%, Ce: 0.05 wt.%, Y: 0.05 wt.%, Mn: 0.05 wt.%, Cr: 0.05 wt.%, and the balance of impurities such as Al, Fe, Mg, Zn, Ti and the like. Wherein it is determined that: fe: 0.62%, Mg: 0.28%, Zn: 0.52%, Ti: 0.19% and (Fe, Mn) Al6、(Cr、Fe)Al7、FeRESiAl、Mg2Si、MgZn2、TiAl2And the like.
The room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the high-quality recycled aluminum alloy obtained by the embodiment is as follows: the tensile strength is 210 MPa; elongation at break 2.7%.
Example 2. Al-9.9Si-2.72Cu-0.1La-0.1Ce-0.1Y-0.05Mn-0.05Cr (wt.%) regenerated aluminium alloy and its preparation.
The preparation method described in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps.
(1) Smelting raw materials: weighing the ADC12 secondary aluminum obtained in the comparative example 1, heating and smelting by using a vacuum high-frequency induction electromagnetic induction furnace, controlling the smelting temperature to be 760 ℃ for full melting, and introducing argon for degassing.
(2) Refining and alloy component adjustment: cooling the regenerated aluminum alloy melt melted in the step (1) to 730 ℃, adding Al-30RE, Al-30Mn and Al-20Cr into the melt for refining and modification, keeping the temperature for 20min, removing slag, and filtering, wherein RE is mixed rare earth of La, Ce and Y; and then adding an industrial pure Al and Al-30Si intermediate alloy according to the mass percentage of the components for component adjustment, uniformly stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, introducing nitrogen, controlling the time to be 5min, standing and preserving the heat for 30min to obtain the component-adjusted secondary aluminum alloy.
(3) Casting and forming: preheating the mould at 200 ℃ for 10 min, cooling the aluminum alloy melt prepared in the step (2) to 690 ℃, pouring the aluminum alloy solution into the mould, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ingot.
Adjusting the alloy components in the step (2), and according to the mass percent of the prepared regenerated aluminum alloy, the alloy components comprise the following components: si: 9.9 wt.%, Cu: 2.72 wt.%, La: 0.1 wt.%, Ce: 0.1 wt.%, Y: 0.1 wt.%, Mn: 0.05 wt.%, Cr: 0.05 wt.%, and the balance of impurities such as Al, Fe, Mg, Zn, Ti and the like. Wherein it is determined that: fe: 0.58%, Mg: 0.24%, Zn: 0.45%, Ti: 0.15% and (Fe, Mn) Al6、(Cr、Fe)Al7、FeRESiAl、Mg2Si、MgZn2、TiAl2And the like.
The room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the high-quality recycled aluminum alloy obtained by the embodiment is as follows: the tensile strength is 220 MPa; elongation at break 3.2%.
Comparative example 2.
The comparative example takes ADC12 automobile waste aluminum as a raw material, and the raw material is simply sorted and packed, then is put into molten aluminum for smelting, and then is subjected to casting molding and homogenization treatment to obtain the secondary aluminum alloy cast ingot. The components of the alloy are directly sampled from the melt and tested, and the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 10.54 wt.%, Cu: 3.32 wt.%, Mn: 0.06%, Cr: 0.03%, Fe: 0.76%, Mg: 0.28%, Zn: 0.56%, Ti: 0.19 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the regenerated aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following preparation process and parameters.
(1) Smelting waste aluminum alloy: ADC12 automobile waste aluminum products are weighed, smelted and then subjected to melt refining treatment. And adding a deslagging agent and a refining agent in sequence for refining deslagging, controlling the treatment temperature to be 730 ℃, standing and preserving heat for 30min after treatment, and thus obtaining the ADC12 secondary aluminum alloy melt.
(2) Casting and forming: and pouring the aluminum melt into a common metal mold for casting and molding, wherein the preheating temperature of the mold is 200-300 ℃.
And (3) carrying out structure observation on the metallographic specimen prepared by the cast ingot of comparative example 2, and then carrying out mechanical property test, wherein the room-temperature tensile mechanical property is as follows: the tensile strength is 149 MPa; elongation at break 1.2%.
Example 3. Al-10.23Si-3.1Cu-0.15La-0.15Ce-0.15Y-0.08Mn-0.08Cr (wt.%) regenerated aluminium alloy and its preparation.
The preparation method described in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps.
(1) Smelting raw materials: the ADC12 secondary aluminum obtained in the comparative example 2 is weighed, then heated and smelted by a vacuum high-frequency induction electromagnetic induction furnace, the smelting temperature is controlled at 750 ℃ for full melting, and then argon is introduced for degassing.
(2) Refining and alloy component adjustment: cooling the regenerated aluminum alloy melt melted in the step (1) to 730 ℃, adding Al-30RE, Al-30Mn and Al-20Cr into the melt for refining and modification, keeping the temperature for 20min, removing slag, and filtering, wherein RE is mixed rare earth of La, Ce and Y; and then adding an industrial pure Al and Al-30Si intermediate alloy according to the mass percentage of the components for component adjustment, uniformly stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, introducing nitrogen, controlling the time to be 5min, standing and preserving the heat for 20min to obtain the component-adjusted secondary aluminum alloy.
(3) Casting and forming: preheating the mould at 200 ℃ for 10 min, cooling the aluminum alloy melt prepared in the step (2) to 690 ℃, pouring the aluminum alloy solution into the mould, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ingot.
Adjusting the alloy components in the step (2), and according to the mass percent of the prepared regenerated aluminum alloy, the alloy components comprise the following components: si: 10.23 wt.%, Cu: 3.1 wt.%, La: 0.15 wt.%, Ce: 0.15 wt.%, Y: 0.15 wt.%, Mn: 0.08 wt.%, Cr: 0.08 wt.%, and the balance of impurities such as Al, Fe, Mg, Zn, Ti and the like. Wherein it is determined that: fe: 0.62%, Mg: 0.22%, Zn: 0.42%, Ti: 0.13% and (Fe, Mn) Al6、(Cr、Fe)Al7、FeRESiAl、Mg2Si、MgZn2、TiAl2And the like.
The room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the high-quality recycled aluminum alloy obtained by the embodiment is as follows: tensile strength 226 MPa; elongation at break 3.4%.
Example 4. Al-9.9Si-2.8Cu-0.3La-0.2Ce-0.3Y-0.1Mn-0.1Cr (wt.%) regenerated aluminium alloy and its preparation.
The preparation method described in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps.
(1) Smelting raw materials: weighing the ADC12 secondary aluminum obtained in the comparative example 1, heating and smelting by using a vacuum high-frequency induction electromagnetic induction furnace, controlling the smelting temperature to be 760 ℃ for full melting, and introducing argon for degassing.
(2) Refining and adjusting alloy components, cooling the regenerated aluminum alloy melt melted in the step (1) to 730 ℃, adding Al-30RE, Al-30Mn and Al-20Cr into the melt for refining and modification, keeping the temperature for 20min, removing slag, and filtering, wherein RE is mixed rare earth of La, Ce and Y; and then adding an industrial pure Al and Al-30Si intermediate alloy according to the mass percentage of the components for component adjustment, uniformly stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, introducing nitrogen, controlling the time to be 5min, standing and preserving the heat for 30min to obtain the component-adjusted secondary aluminum alloy.
(3) Casting and forming: preheating the mould at 200 ℃ for 10 min, cooling the aluminum alloy melt prepared in the step (2) to 690 ℃, pouring the aluminum alloy solution into the mould, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ingot.
Adjusting the alloy components in the step (2) according to the mass percentage of the prepared regenerated aluminum alloyCounting: si: 9.9 wt.%, Cu: 2.8 wt.%, La: 0.3 wt.%, Ce: 0.2 wt.%, Y: 0.3 wt.%, Mn: 0.1 wt.%, Cr: 0.1 wt.%, and the balance of impurities such as Al, Fe, Mg, Zn, Ti and the like. Wherein it is determined that: fe: 0.53%, Mg: 0.18%, Zn: 0.36%, Ti: 0.1% of Al, and (Fe, Mn)6、(Cr、Fe)Al7、FeRESiAl、Mg2Si、MgZn2、TiAl2And the like.
The room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the high-quality recycled aluminum alloy obtained by the embodiment is as follows: the tensile strength is 234 MPa; elongation at break 3.8%.
Example 5. Al-9.72Si-2.6Cu-0.4La-0.3Ce-0.3Y-0.1Mn-0.1Cr (wt.%) regenerated aluminium alloy and its preparation.
The preparation method described in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps.
(1) Smelting raw materials: the ADC12 secondary aluminum obtained in the comparative example 1 is weighed, then heated and smelted by a vacuum high-frequency induction electromagnetic induction furnace, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 760 ℃, and then argon is introduced for degassing.
(2) Refining and alloy component adjustment: cooling the regenerated aluminum alloy melt melted in the step (1) to 730 ℃, adding Al-30RE, Al-30Mn and Al-20Cr into the melt for refining and modification, keeping the temperature for 20min, removing slag, and filtering, wherein RE is mixed rare earth of La, Ce and Y; and then adding an industrial pure Al and Al-30Si intermediate alloy according to the mass percentage of the components for component adjustment, uniformly stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, introducing nitrogen, controlling the time to be 5min, standing and preserving the heat for 30min to obtain the component-adjusted secondary aluminum alloy.
(3) Casting and forming: preheating the mould at 200 ℃ for 10 min, cooling the aluminum alloy melt prepared in the step (2) to 690 ℃, pouring the aluminum alloy solution into the mould, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ingot.
Adjusting the alloy components in the step (2), and according to the mass percent of the prepared regenerated aluminum alloy, the alloy components comprise the following components: si: 9.72 wt.%, Cu: 2.6 wt.%, La: 0.4 wt.%, Ce: 0.3 wt.%, Y: 0.3 wt.%, Mn: 0.1 wt.%, Cr: 0.1 wt.%, balance Al and Fe, Mg, Zn, Ti and the like. Wherein it is determined that: fe: 0.47%, Mg: 0.16%, Zn: 0.32%, Ti: 0.08% and (Fe, Mn) Al6、(Cr、Fe)Al7、FeRESiAl、Mg2Si、MgZn2、TiAl2And the like.
The room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the high-quality recycled aluminum alloy obtained by the embodiment is as follows: the tensile strength is 223 MPa; elongation at break 3.5%.
According to the preparation method of the regenerated aluminum alloy, the formula can optimize the prepared aluminum alloy structure, impurities which are difficult to remove, such as Fe, Mg, Zn, Ti and the like in the alloy are converted into strengthening phases, the needle-shaped Fe-rich phase in the aluminum alloy can be effectively crushed to be in a short rod shape or a Chinese character shape, the eutectic Si phase structure in the aluminum alloy can be refined into a net structure or a fiber structure and is uniformly distributed on a substrate, and the effects of melt purification, degassing and the like are achieved, so that the number and the size of pinholes in the alloy are obviously reduced.
Meanwhile, the preparation requirements of different occasions can be met, and the industrial application is facilitated.
And (3) aluminum alloy tensile test: referring to GB/T228.1-2010 Metal Material tensile test first part: the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy are tested by the room temperature test method. Tensile test bars (diameter 6.4 mm. mark distance 50 mm) with different component formulas are obtained by adopting a common casting mode, an electronic universal tester with the model of Labsans 30 kN is adopted for carrying out tensile performance test, the mark distance is 50 mm, the loading rate is 2 mm/min, and the test results are as follows:
Figure 753491DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
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the formula and the preparation method in the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects.
(1) The formula of the invention can convert impurities which are difficult to remove in the regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy into the reinforced phase, meanwhile, the La, Ce and Y rare earth elements effectively break the needle-shaped Fe-rich phase, and simultaneously, the invention has the functions of removing impurities, degassing and the like, and simultaneously, the combination of Mn and Cr enables the needle-shaped Fe-rich phase to form Chinese characters or fishbone shapes. The fracture influence of the Fe-rich phase relative to the matrix is eliminated; and the alloy has higher strength (234 MPa) and plasticity (3.8%) which are respectively improved by 57% and 216%.
(2) The regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy prepared by the method has uniformly distributed strengthening phases, is beneficial to refining eutectic Si phases, reduces the fracture influence of the eutectic Si relative to a matrix, and can effectively improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy.
(3) The preparation method is simple, adopts a die-casting forming process, has low cost and is beneficial to industrialization.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for preparing regenerated ADC12 aluminum alloy from scrap aluminum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) heating and smelting the waste aluminum impurities by using a vacuum high-frequency induction electromagnetic induction furnace, controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-760 ℃ for full smelting, and then introducing argon for degassing;
(2) cooling the waste and impurity aluminum alloy melt melted in the step (1) to 730 ℃, adding Al-30RE, Al-10Mn and Al-10Cr into the melt for refining and modification, stirring the melt for 1-2 min by using a graphite rod, keeping the temperature for 20min, slagging off and filtering, wherein RE is mixed rare earth of La, Ce and Y; adding an industrial pure Al and Al-30Si intermediate alloy according to the mass percentage of the components to adjust the components, uniformly stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, blowing nitrogen for 5min, and standing for 20-30 min to obtain a regenerated aluminum alloy with adjusted components;
(3) pouring the aluminum alloy solution prepared in the step (2) into a mold, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot;
adjusting the alloy components in the step (2), and according to the mass percent of the prepared regenerated aluminum alloy, the alloy components comprise the following components: si: 9.6-12 wt.%, Cu: 1.5-3.5 wt.%, La: 0.01-1.0 wt.%, Ce: 0.01-1.0 wt.%, Y: 0.01-1.0 wt.%, Mn: 0.01-0.2 wt.%, Cr: 0.01-0.2 wt.%, wherein impurities are controlled as follows: fe <1.3 wt.%, Mg <0.3 wt.%, Zn <1.0 wt.%, Ti: <0.2 wt.%, balance Al, wherein the total amount of rare earth elements La, Ce and Y does not exceed 1 wt.%.
2. The method for preparing the recycled ADC12 aluminum alloy from the waste aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the components of the recycled aluminum alloy prepared is as follows: si: 9.6-12 wt.%, Cu: 1.5-3.5 wt.%, La: 0.01-0.5 wt.%, Ce: 0.01-0.5 wt.%, Y: 0.01-0.5 wt.%, Mn: 0.01-0.15 wt.%, Cr: 0.01-0.15 wt.%, wherein impurities are controlled as follows: fe <1.0 wt.%, Mg <0.25 wt.%, Zn <0.8 wt.%, Ti: <0.15 wt.%, with the balance being Al, wherein the total amount of rare earth elements La, Ce and Y does not exceed 1 wt.%.
3. The method for preparing recycled ADC12 aluminum alloy from scrap aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the casting temperature interval in step (3) is as follows: 690-700 ℃.
4. The method for preparing recycled ADC12 aluminum alloy from scrap aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the die in the step (3) is 200-250 ℃.
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