CN112695236A - Ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extrusion bar and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of aluminum alloy material preparation. The method takes Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy as a matrix and comprises the following steps: firstly, smelting according to alloy component ingredients, and then casting into a set good mould; secondly, preparing the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy cast ingot into an ultra-fine grain alloy strip by using a single-roller strip casting method; thirdly, cold-pressing the ultra-fine grain alloy strip into a cylinder after passing through a high-speed universal grinder; fourthly, performing hot extrusion processing on the cold-pressed alloy cylinder to obtain an extruded bar. The invention is easy to prepare a large amount of ultra-fine grain extruded bars, has better practical value, and the prepared ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extruded bars have higher tensile strength and elongation, and simultaneously lay a good foundation for the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy in a heat treatment state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation and extrusion of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ultra-high strength aluminum alloy is a heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloy mainly based on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, has the advantages of low density, heat-treatable reinforcement, easy processing and forming, electric conduction, heat conduction, higher toughness and the like, and is an important light structural material in aerospace and military industries. Since the advent, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys have received attention from a large number of researchers. By the optimization of alloy components, melt purification, processing technology improvement, heat treatment strengthening and the like, the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy with the Zn content of 11 percent, the Zn/Mg value of 6 percent and the tensile strength of over 700MPa is developed. However, since Zn/Mg is too high, stress corrosion cracking of the alloy is severe, and the Zn content of the alloy is difficult to further increase after increasing to 11%.
In the process of developing and producing the 7xxx series aluminum alloy by adopting the traditional ingot metallurgy process, the problems that the cast structure of the aluminum alloy is thick and serious in segregation, the matrix precipitation phase in the structure after aging is not well matched with other dispersed phases and the like seriously limit the potential of the series alloy. When the total content of the main alloying elements (Zn, Mg, Cu) exceeds 13 wt%, a large amount of coarse primary precipitates are formed in the alloy due to the solidification cooling rate limitation (generally not exceeding 20K/S) of the conventional blank making process. These primary precipitates are difficult to dissolve back into the matrix by subsequent solution treatment. Not only does not further increase the volume fraction of the age-strengthening phase in the final alloy, but it also deteriorates the properties of the material.
The defects are overcome, the development of a rapid solidification technology is realized, and the composition design of the novel alloy is carried out by breaking through the limit of 13 wt% of the total content of main alloy elements. Because the solidification speed in the alloy blank making process is obviously accelerated (up to 10)3～106K/S), the solid solubility of alloy elements is increased in the blank making process, a large amount of coarse primary precipitated phases generally do not appear, and meanwhile, the structure can be obviously refined, so that the aging of higher volume fraction is favorably formed in the final alloyThe finer the grains, the better the strength and plasticity, so the final properties of the material are greatly improved. Therefore, rapid solidification is one of the effective methods for grain refinement.
Of these, the single roll melt spinning is a commonly used method in the rapid solidification technology. The rapid solidification technology obtains fine and excellent solidification structure aluminum alloy to replace the traditional aluminum alloy cast ingot, the rapid solidification single-roller melt-spun technology and the hot extrusion processing technology are combined to prepare the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar with excellent comprehensive performance, a good foundation is laid for the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy in a heat treatment state, and the method becomes the research focus of technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems and provides an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar and a preparation method thereof. The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar prepared by the rapid solidification single-roller melt-spinning technology and the hot extrusion processing technology has higher tensile strength and elongation and excellent comprehensive performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extrusion bar and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that: the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy is taken as a matrix, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% -13%, Mg: 1.0% -2.2%, Cu: 1.0% -1.4%, Zr: 0.05-0.18%, Er: 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Al, and the balance of Al.
The method for preparing the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar by adopting the rapid solidification single-roller melt-spinning technology and the hot extrusion processing technology comprises the following steps:
firstly, smelting an alloy at 750-750 ℃ and 780 ℃ by taking high-purity aluminum ingot, high-purity magnesium, high-purity zinc, Al-Cu, Al-Zr and Al-Er intermediate alloy as raw materials, and then casting into a mold;
cutting the ingot into a cuboid with the preferred size of 15mm multiplied by 100mm, putting the cuboid into a quartz tube with a round hole at the bottom, and preparing the ultra-fine grain alloy strip by utilizing a rapid solidification single-roller strip spinning method under the argon atmosphere pressure of 0.1-0.3MPa and the copper roller rotating speed of 15m/s-35 m/s;
thirdly, placing the ultra-fine grain alloy strip into a high-speed universal crusher, preferably setting the rotation speed of 20000-00 rpm for 10-20s, obtaining powder with the crushing fineness of 40-300 meshes, and cold-pressing the powder into a cylinder with the size of the cylinder, preferably the diameter of 40mm and the height of 20-30mm by a four-column hydraulic press.
Fourthly, the alloy cylinder after cold pressing is subjected to hot extrusion processing at the temperature of 400-480 ℃ with the extrusion ratio of (16-25):1, and finally the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extrusion bar is obtained.
In the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extrusion bar and the preparation method thereof, in the step I, the purity of the high-purity aluminum ingot is 99.99%, the purity of the high-purity magnesium is 99.9%, and the purity of the high-purity zinc is 99.99%.
In the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar and the preparation method thereof, the pressure of the cold-pressed alloy in the third step is 700KN/18MPa, and the time is 2-3 min.
In the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar and the preparation method thereof, the tensile strength of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extruded bar in the step (IV) is more than or equal to 450MPa, and the elongation is about 10%.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
the method is easy to prepare a large amount of ultra-fine grain extruded bars, has good practical value, solves the problems of thick structure and serious segregation in the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy cast ingot, utilizes the rapid solidification technology to obtain fine and excellent solidification structure aluminum alloy to replace the traditional aluminum alloy cast ingot, combines the hot extrusion processing technology to prepare the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extruded bars, has high tensile strength and elongation, lays a good foundation for the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy in a heat treatment state, and guides the subsequent aluminum alloy production.
Drawings
For a further understanding of the nature and objects of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of an as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy according to the present invention in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure and grain size statistics of rapidly solidified Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy strip according to the present invention in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a stress-strain curve of an extruded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy bar of the present invention as set forth in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extruded bar and a method for preparing the same, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10.5% Zn, 2.0% Mg, 1.1% Cu, 0.1% Zr, 0.1% Er, and the balance Al. According to the designed alloy components, high-purity aluminum ingot, high-purity magnesium, high-purity zinc, Al-50% of Cu, Al-4% of Zr and Al-6% of Er intermediate alloy are mixed. Melting a high-purity aluminum ingot at 780 ℃, sequentially adding Al-50% of Cu, Al-4% of Zr and Al-6% of Er intermediate alloy, stirring the melt at a constant speed after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, refining at 750 ℃, standing for 5min, degassing, slagging off, sequentially adding high-purity magnesium and high-purity zinc, continuously stirring the melt at a constant speed after metals are completely melted, and finally casting the melt into a preheated 200 ℃ mold at the casting temperature of 730 ℃ to obtain an alloy ingot, wherein the microstructure of the alloy ingot is shown in figure 1.
Secondly, the ingot is cut into a cuboid shape with the thickness of 15mm multiplied by 100mm and is put into a quartz tube with a round hole at the bottom, and the ultra-fine grain alloy strip is prepared by a rapid solidification single-roller melt spinning method under the argon atmosphere pressure of 0.1MPa and the copper roller rotating speed of 25m/s, and the microstructure of the strip and the grain size statistics are shown in figure 2.
Thirdly, putting a certain amount of ultra-fine grain alloy strip into a high-speed universal pulverizer with the rotating speed of 26000 revolutions per minute for 10s, pulverizing the powder with the fineness of about 200 meshes, weighing 60g of the powder by using an electronic scale, putting the powder into a die with the diameter of 40mm, cold-pressing the powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm and the height of 20mm by using a four-column hydraulic press, and keeping the pressure of the cold-pressed alloy at 700KN/18MPa for 2min and 15 s.
Fourthly, performing hot extrusion processing on the cold-pressed alloy cylinder at the temperature of 400 ℃, preserving the heat for 30min, and performing extrusion ratio of 16:1 to finally obtain the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extruded bar, and performing mechanical property test, wherein the tensile strength of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extruded bar reaches 458.07MPa, and the elongation of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extruded bar is 10.6%. FIG. 3 is a stress-strain curve of an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extruded bar.
the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10.5% Zn, 2.0% Mg, 1.1% Cu, 0.1% Zr, 0.1% Er, and the balance Al. According to the designed alloy components, high-purity aluminum ingot, high-purity magnesium, high-purity zinc, Al-50% of Cu, Al-4% of Zr and Al-6% of Er intermediate alloy are mixed. Melting a high-purity aluminum ingot at 780 ℃, sequentially adding Al-50% of Cu, Al-4% of Zr and Al-6% of Er intermediate alloy, stirring the melt at a constant speed after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, refining at 750 ℃, standing for 5min, degassing, slagging off, sequentially adding high-purity magnesium and high-purity zinc, continuously stirring the melt at a constant speed after metals are completely melted, and finally casting the melt into a preheated 200 ℃ mold at the casting temperature of 730 ℃ to obtain an alloy ingot.
Secondly, the ingot is cut into a cuboid shape with the thickness of 15mm multiplied by 100mm and is put into a quartz tube with a round hole at the bottom, and the ultra-fine grain alloy strip is prepared by a rapid solidification single-roller melt spinning method under the argon atmosphere pressure of 0.1MPa and the copper roller rotating speed of 25 m/s.
Thirdly, putting a certain amount of ultra-fine grain alloy strip into a high-speed universal pulverizer with the rotating speed of 26000 revolutions per minute for 10s, pulverizing the powder with the fineness of about 200 meshes, weighing 90g of the powder by using an electronic scale, putting the powder into a die with the diameter of 40mm, cold-pressing the powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm and the height of 30mm by using a four-column hydraulic press, and keeping the pressure of the cold-pressed alloy at 700KN/18MPa for 2min and 15 s.
Fourthly, performing hot extrusion processing on the cold-pressed alloy cylinder at 480 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, and performing extrusion ratio of 16:1 to finally obtain the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extruded bar, and performing mechanical property test, wherein the tensile strength of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extruded bar reaches 484.8MPa, and the elongation of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extruded bar is 10.1%.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extrusion bar is characterized in that Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy is used as a matrix, and the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extrusion bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% -13%, Mg: 1.0% -2.2%, Cu: 1.0% -1.4%, Zr: 0.05-0.18%, Er: 0.1-0.2 percent of Al and the balance of Al;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking high-purity aluminum ingot, high-purity magnesium, high-purity zinc, Al-Cu, Al-Zr and Al-Er intermediate alloy as raw materials, smelting the alloy at the temperature of 750-;
(2) cutting the cast ingot into a cuboid shape, putting the cuboid into a quartz tube with a round hole at the bottom, and preparing the ultra-fine grain alloy strip by using a rapid solidification single-roller melt-spinning method under the conditions that the pressure of an argon atmosphere is 0.1-0.3MPa and the rotating speed of a copper roller is 15-35 m/s;
(3) then placing the ultra-fine grain alloy strip into a high-speed universal pulverizer to obtain a pulverized material with the pulverized fineness of 40-300 meshes, and cold-pressing the pulverized material into a cylinder by a four-column hydraulic press;
(4) and (3) carrying out hot extrusion processing on the cold-pressed alloy cylinder at the temperature of 400-480 ℃ at an extrusion ratio of (16-25) to 1 to finally obtain the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extruded bar.
2. The method of producing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extruded bar according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the high purity aluminum ingot in the step (1) is 99.99%, the purity of the high purity magnesium is 99.9%, and the purity of the high purity zinc is 99.99%.
3. The method of producing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extruded bar according to claim 1, wherein the size of the rectangular parallelepiped shape in the step (2) is 15mm x 100 mm.
4. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extruded bar according to claim 1, wherein the preferred rotation speed of the high-speed universal pulverizer of the step (3) is 20000-30000 r/min, and the pulverizing time is 10-20 s; the pressure of the cold-pressed alloy is 700KN/18MPa, and the time is 2-3 min; the diameter of the cylinder is 40mm, and the height is 20-30 mm.
5. The method for preparing the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy extruded bar according to claim 1, wherein the tensile strength of the final Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er alloy extruded bar in the step (4) is not less than 450MPa, and the elongation can reach more than 10%.
6. An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy extruded bar produced by the method of any of claims 1-5.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113737068A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-12-03 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness corrosion-resistant 7xxx series aluminum alloy and processing method thereof |
| CN114346187A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-15 | 华南理工大学 | Superfine crystal high-magnesium aluminum alloy hot extrusion bar and preparation method thereof |
| CN116555608A (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2023-08-08 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | Optical aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210423 |