CN116087468A - Comprehensive test method for strength, strain and seepage of oil sand in high-temperature stress environment - Google Patents
Comprehensive test method for strength, strain and seepage of oil sand in high-temperature stress environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive test method for oil sand strength, strain and seepage under a high-temperature stress environment, which comprises the following steps of preparing a test piece; step two, matching similar materials; step three, preparing a simulation system for the dynamic disaster prevention and control technology of the multi-field coupling coal rock mass; step four, heating the test piece; step five, applying true triaxial stress; step six, seepage test; step seven, simulating mining stress and measuring permeability in real time; step eight, replacing the oil sand sample, repeating the steps three to four, and then independently increasing the force applied by the pressure head to a new preset value; step nine, repeating the step five to the step seven; step ten, other tests in the same group; and step eleven, finishing test data. By loading different acting forces in the length direction, the triaxial stress state of the underground reservoir and the comprehensive conditions of oil sand strength, strain and seepage under the high-temperature stress environment can be simulated more truly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil sand exploitation simulation test methods, and particularly relates to a comprehensive test method for oil sand strength, strain and seepage under a high-temperature stress environment.
Background
The existing test method for simulating oil sand exploitation in a real ground stress environment mainly has the following problems: (1) The adopted model has smaller size, and the development process of simulating dynamic disasters has certain space limitation and can not accurately simulate the scene; (2) the automation degree of the installation of the device is low; (3) the tightness of the device is not high, and the simulated seepage pressure is not high; (4) The test mode is single, and the comprehensive conditions of oil sand strength, strain and seepage under the high-temperature stress environment cannot be simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive test method for the strength, the strain and the seepage of oil sand in a high-temperature stress environment, which can simulate the triaxial stress state of a subsurface reservoir and the comprehensive conditions of the strength, the strain and the seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment more truly through loading different acting forces in the length direction.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the comprehensive test method for the strength, strain and seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a test piece;
in the field drilling process, respectively taking out cores of an oil sand reservoir, a bottom layer, a cover layer and an interlayer, and testing physical and mechanical properties of each stratum rock on a rock mechanical testing machine, wherein the physical and mechanical properties comprise uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and poisson ratio parameters of the rock;
step two, matching similar materials;
ensuring that the physical and mechanical properties of similar materials are the same as those of each stratum, wherein the reservoir is simulated by oil sand retrieved on site, firstly crushing a retrieved oil sand rock sample, screening out oil sand particles for pressing the reservoir according to test requirements, and starting to press the simulated stratum after the similar materials of each stratum and the oil sand particles of the simulated reservoir are prepared; simultaneously arranging a temperature sensor when paving materials, and monitoring the temperature in the loading process in real time;
step three, preparing a simulation system for the dynamic disaster prevention and control technology of the multi-field coupling coal rock mass;
the multi-field coupling coal and rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system comprises a main body model and a transport frame; the main body model has a true triaxial simulation experiment function and comprises a true triaxial loading system and a test piece box in the first step; the X direction is provided with an independent hydraulic loading device for pressurization, and the maximum loading pressure is 5000kN; the Y, Z hydraulic loading devices are respectively provided with 4 groups of independent hydraulic loading devices for pressurization, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading devices can be independently controlled, loading of different acting forces in the length direction of 1000mm is realized, and the triaxial stress state of the underground reservoir can be simulated more truly;
step four, heating the test piece;
an electric heating pipe is laid at the bottom of the test piece box, the alloy heating wire in the electric heating pipe is electrified to generate heat, heat is conducted to the electric heating pipe body through the magnesium oxide powder which is filled in the pipe and compressed very tightly, and the material in the test piece box is heated to 250 ℃ at most, and the temperature control precision is +/-1 ℃;
step five, applying true triaxial stress;
the test piece box is sent into a true triaxial loading system through a transfer frame, so that a stress loading cushion block of the test piece box body corresponds to a pressure head in the true triaxial loading system one by one; according to the ground stress of the stratum, a true triaxial loading system is utilized to apply the ground stress to the simulated stratum, in the process of loading the stress, a pressure head is firstly moved to enable the pressure head to be in contact with a loading cushion block, and a certain prestress is applied to achieve sigma x ＝σ y ＝σ z Then loading Z, Y, X stress in three directions one by one in a step-type mode to reach a preset ground stress value;
step six, seepage test;
the method comprises the steps that an air inlet pipeline is connected to the rear part of a main body model, four fluid injection channels are arranged at the bottom of a box body of a test piece box, the air inlet pipeline is respectively communicated with the four fluid injection channels, and an air outlet pipeline is connected to a right seepage outlet of the main body model; after the initial three-dimensional stress is stabilized, firstly opening the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve, and then applying pre-stress on the air inletThe fixed gas pressure is obtained by using nitrogen for safety, and the gas flow meter of the gas outlet collects and records the flow rate of the gas outlet in real time until the flow rate of the gas outlet is stable; the permeability was calculated using darcy's law as follows:
k is permeability, m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the q is the gas seepage flow under standard conditions, m 3 S; μ is aerodynamic viscosity, μPa·s; l is the length of the sample, m; a is the cross-sectional area of the sample, m 2 ；P 2 Atmospheric pressure, MPa; p (P) 1 The pressure is the gas inlet end pressure and MPa; setting a dynamic load applying frequency, a pressure peak value and a valley value, and starting a test until seepage occurs, wherein the maximum loading frequency of the dynamic load is 30Hz;
step seven, simulating mining stress and measuring permeability in real time;
maintaining the horizontal two-way stress constant, changing the stress of different pressing plates in the vertical direction, and further simulating the mining stress; setting the vertical stress of a 4# pressure head to be 5MPa, the stress of a 3# pressure head to be 25MPa, the stress of a 2# pressure head to be 20MPa, and the vertical stress of a 1# pressure head to be 15MPa, monitoring the gas flow in the mining process in real time, and recording the flow and permeability data;
step eight, replacing the oil sand sample, repeating the steps three to four, and then independently increasing the force applied by the pressure head to a new preset value;
step nine, repeating the step five to the step seven;
step ten, other tests in the same group; changing oil sand samples, changing gas pressure or changing true triaxial stress, changing temperature, and repeating the steps one to nine;
and step eleven, finishing test data.
As the optimization of the scheme, the main body model comprises a main body high-pressure cavity module and a test piece box, wherein the shell of the main body high-pressure cavity module is of a high-pressure closed pressure bin structure with an outer circle and an inner circle, the outer circle is surrounded by a circular ring, a left circular end cover and a right circular end cover, the front cushion block, the rear cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are respectively arranged on the front, the rear, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block of the inner wall of the circular ring, the front cushion block, the rear cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are surrounded to form a rectangular cavity for the test piece box to be put in, an axial hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the left circular end cover in a penetrating way, a seepage channel is arranged in the middle part of the right circular end cover in a penetrating way and is externally connected with an air outlet pipeline, a row of lifters are arranged on the left circular end cover and the right circular end cover in a penetrating way, a row of harness pipeline leading-out holes are arranged on the top of the lower cushion block at left and right intervals, and a row of lifters can protrude out of the lower cushion block and also sink into the lower cushion block;
the test piece box is a rectangular test piece accommodating cavity formed by encircling a left side plate, a bottom plate, a top plate, a right side plate, a front side plate and a rear side plate through combining bolts, the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity is collinear with the axial lead of a high-pressure sealing pressure bin, a left pressure plate is arranged on the left side of the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, a plurality of upper pressure plates are sequentially arranged on the top left and right sides of the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, a plurality of front pressure plates are sequentially arranged on the front left and right sides of the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, the axial hydraulic cylinder can penetrate through the left side plate and is connected with the left pressure plate, each upper pressure plate is connected with the top hydraulic cylinder through an upper cushion block penetrating through the upper pressure plate arranged on the top plate, each front pressure plate is connected with the lateral hydraulic cylinder through a side cushion block penetrating through the front side plate, a plurality of heating pipes and temperature control probes are arranged on the upper pressure plate, the front pressure plate, the bottom plate and the rear side plate, a plurality of ultrasonic probes are arranged on the upper openings of the upper pressure plate, the front pressure plate, the left pressure plate, the bottom plate and the right side plate, a row of rollers are arranged at intervals on the bottom of the test piece box, and when the test piece box is pushed into a main high-pressure cavity module, and the lifter is supported below the rollers;
the anti-channeling board is arranged right above the bottom plate and corresponds to the upper pressing plate one by one, a central air inlet hole and a plurality of annular grooves surrounding the central air inlet hole are formed in the anti-channeling board, all the annular grooves are communicated with the central air inlet hole through connecting grooves which are distributed in a divergent mode, an air inlet pipe transversely penetrates through the rear side wall of the test piece box to be connected with the bottom of the central air inlet hole, a ventilation partition plate is arranged above the anti-channeling board, filter plates are arranged at the left end and the right end of the test piece, and sealing gaskets are arranged on the upper end, the lower end and the front end of the test piece.
It is further preferred that only one of the axial hydraulic cylinders has a maximum loading pressure of 5000kN; four groups of top hydraulic cylinders and lateral hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged, each group of hydraulic cylinders is provided with two parallel hydraulic loading systems for pressurizing, one of the hydraulic cylinders is a static load loading system, the other hydraulic cylinder is a dynamic load loading system, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading systems is used for independently controlling one pressing plate and is arranged on the corresponding pressing plate in a left-right centering mode, and the axial hydraulic cylinders, the top hydraulic cylinders and the lateral hydraulic cylinders can all carry out dynamic and static load loading.
It is further preferred that the annular grooves are rectangular or circular and are equally spaced apart.
Still preferably, the device further comprises a main body frame for supporting the main body model, the main body frame is of a rectangular frame structure, the left end and the right end of the main body model extend out of the main body frame, a transfer sliding rail is arranged on the right side of the main body frame, the transfer sliding rail extends to the position right below the main body high-pressure cavity module, and the width of the transfer sliding rail is smaller than the inner hollow width of the main body frame; a test piece box lifting and conveying frame and a right round end cover conveying frame are slidably mounted on the transfer slide rail, and the test piece box lifting and conveying frame can perform lifting movement and is used for supporting the test piece box; the right round end cover transfer frame top is the arc and is used for holding up right round end cover, and test piece case lift transfer frame just in time enables in the test piece case horizontal push body high pressure chamber module after rising, and the top is less than the bottom of body high pressure chamber module behind the test piece case lift transfer frame decline to the below of slide-in body high pressure chamber module for right round end cover transfer frame can slide left to the installation of settlement position right round end cover.
It is further preferred that each lifter adopts a double supporting structure which is arranged at intervals and symmetrically, each lifter adopts independent hydraulic drive, and all lifters synchronously lift.
Further preferably, a high-frequency vibrator is arranged on the cavity of the axial hydraulic cylinder, high-speed vibration is generated under the action of a high-pressure air source, and high-frequency vibration force can be transmitted to the test piece right through the corresponding hydraulic cavity, the hydraulic piston and the left pressing plate.
Still preferably, the air inlet pipeline of the main body model is sequentially connected with an air bottle, an air booster pump, an air storage tank, a pressure reducing valve and an air pressure gauge, the air outlet pipeline on the right side of the main body model is sequentially connected with an air-liquid separator, a dryer and an air flow meter, four fluid injection channels are arranged at the bottom of the box body, each fluid injection channel is provided with a measuring range of 500ml/min,5000ml/min and 30L/min, 1 set of each fluid injection channel is selectively installed, outlet flow of different orders of magnitude can be recorded, permeability is analyzed, and the air inlet pipeline transversely penetrates through the rear side wall of the test piece box and is connected to the bottom of each central air inlet hole in four ways.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the existing coal seam seepage test method, the method has the advantages that through the action of different acting forces in the length direction and graded dynamic loads, an independent hydraulic loading system is arranged in the X (left and right) direction, and the maximum loading pressure is 5000kN; 4 groups of independent hydraulic loading systems are arranged in the Y (front and back) direction and the Z (upper and lower) direction for pressurization, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading systems is 3000kN, and each group of hydraulic loading systems can be synchronously or independently controlled; different acting forces in the length direction can be loaded, and the seepage state of the strain gauge in a real ground stress environment can be simulated more truly; the design of preventing cross flow in the main body model is combined with the ventilation partition board, so that the main body model has good tightness, and experiments such as gas seepage and the like can be completed; four fluid injection channels are arranged at the bottom of the box body, so that a multi-point complex seepage route can be simulated, and the permeability is analyzed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main body model of a simulation system of a multi-field coupling coal-rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology.
Fig. 3 is an interior left view of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the specimen box.
Fig. 5 is an interior left view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a simplified view of the arrangement of a heating tube, a temperature control probe, and an ultrasonic probe.
FIG. 7 is a simplified illustration of an anti-channeling plate.
Fig. 8 is a state before the specimen box is loaded into the main body high-pressure chamber module.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a system configuration.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for comprehensively testing the strength, strain and seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a test piece;
in the field drilling process, respectively taking out cores of an oil sand reservoir, a bottom layer, a cover layer and an interlayer, and testing physical and mechanical properties of each stratum rock on a rock mechanical testing machine, wherein the physical and mechanical properties comprise uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and poisson ratio parameters of the rock;
step two, matching similar materials;
ensuring that the physical and mechanical properties of similar materials are the same as those of each stratum, wherein the reservoir is simulated by oil sand retrieved on site, firstly crushing a retrieved oil sand rock sample, screening out oil sand particles for pressing the reservoir according to test requirements, and starting to press the simulated stratum after the similar materials of each stratum and the oil sand particles of the simulated reservoir are prepared; simultaneously arranging a temperature sensor when paving materials, and monitoring the temperature in the loading process in real time;
step three, preparing a simulation system for the dynamic disaster prevention and control technology of the multi-field coupling coal rock mass;
the multi-field coupling coal and rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system comprises a main body model and a transport frame; the main body model has a true triaxial simulation experiment function and comprises a true triaxial loading system and a test piece box in the first step; the X direction is provided with an independent hydraulic loading device for pressurization, and the maximum loading pressure is 5000kN; the Y, Z hydraulic loading devices are respectively provided with 4 groups of independent hydraulic loading devices for pressurization, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading devices can be independently controlled, loading of different acting forces in the length direction of 1000mm is realized, and the triaxial stress state of the underground reservoir can be simulated more truly;
step four, heating the test piece;
an electric heating pipe is laid at the bottom of the test piece box, the alloy heating wire in the electric heating pipe is electrified to generate heat, heat is conducted to the electric heating pipe body through the magnesium oxide powder which is filled in the pipe and compressed very tightly, and the material in the test piece box is heated to 250 ℃ at most, and the temperature control precision is +/-1 ℃;
step five, applying true triaxial stress;
the test piece box is sent into a true triaxial loading system through a transfer frame, so that a stress loading cushion block of the test piece box body corresponds to a pressure head in the true triaxial loading system one by one; according to the ground stress of the stratum, a true triaxial loading system is utilized to apply the ground stress to the simulated stratum, in the process of loading the stress, a pressure head is firstly moved to enable the pressure head to be in contact with a loading cushion block, and a certain prestress is applied to achieve sigma x ＝σ y ＝σ z Then loading Z, Y, X stress in three directions one by one in a step-type mode to reach a preset ground stress value;
step six, seepage test;
the method comprises the steps that an air inlet pipeline is connected to the rear part of a main body model, four fluid injection channels are arranged at the bottom of a box body of a test piece box, the air inlet pipeline is respectively communicated with the four fluid injection channels, and an air outlet pipeline is connected to a right seepage outlet of the main body model; after the initial three-dimensional stress is stable, firstly opening a gas inlet valve and a gas outlet valve, then applying preset gas pressure on the gas inlet, using nitrogen for safety consideration, and simultaneously acquiring and recording the gas outlet flow in real time by a gas outlet gas flowmeter until the gas outlet flow is stable; the permeability was calculated using darcy's law as follows:
k is permeability, m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the q is the gas seepage flow under standard conditions, m 3 S; μ is aerodynamic viscosity, μPa·s; l is the length of the sample, m; a is the cross-sectional area of the sample, m 2 ；P 2 Atmospheric pressure, MPa; p (P) 1 The pressure is the gas inlet end pressure and MPa; setting a dynamic load applying frequency, a pressure peak value and a valley value, and starting a test until seepage occurs, wherein the maximum loading frequency of the dynamic load is 30Hz;
step seven, simulating mining stress and measuring permeability in real time;
maintaining the horizontal two-way stress constant, changing the stress of different pressing plates in the vertical direction, and further simulating the mining stress; setting the vertical stress of a 4# pressure head to be 5MPa, the stress of a 3# pressure head to be 25MPa, the stress of a 2# pressure head to be 20MPa, and the vertical stress of a 1# pressure head to be 15MPa, monitoring the gas flow in the mining process in real time, and recording the flow and permeability data;
step eight, replacing the oil sand sample, repeating the steps three to four, and then independently increasing the force applied by the pressure head to a new preset value;
step nine, repeating the step five to the step seven;
step ten, other tests in the same group; changing oil sand samples, changing gas pressure or changing true triaxial stress, changing temperature, and repeating the steps one to nine;
and step eleven, finishing test data.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the main body model of the multi-field coupling coal rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system mainly comprises a main body high-pressure cavity module and a test piece box.
The shell 1 of the main body high-pressure cavity module is of a high-pressure closed pressure bin structure which is formed by combining an outer circle and an inner circle surrounded by bolts through a circular ring 3, a left circular end cover 4 and a right circular end cover 5. A front cushion block 2, a rear cushion block 9, an upper cushion block 10 and a lower cushion block 11 are respectively arranged on the front, the rear, the upper and the lower of the inner wall of the circular ring 3. The front cushion block 2, the rear cushion block 9, the upper cushion block 10 and the lower cushion block 11 enclose a rectangular cavity for the test piece box to be placed.
The left round end cover 4 is provided with an axial hydraulic cylinder 6 in a penetrating way, and the middle part of the right round end cover 5 is provided with a seepage channel in a penetrating way and is externally connected with an air outlet pipeline for seepage test.
The left round end cover 4 and the right round end cover 5 are respectively penetrated with a wire harness pipeline leading-out hole 7, a row of lifters 8 are arranged at the top of the lower cushion block 11 at left and right intervals, and the lifters 8 can protrude out of the lower cushion block 11 and also can sink into the lower cushion block 11. Each lifter 8 adopts a double-wheel structure which is arranged at intervals front and back and symmetrically, realizes front and back double support, and has balanced and stable stress. Each lifter 8 is driven by a separate hydraulic pressure, and all lifters 8 are controlled to synchronously lift and lower through a control system.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the test piece box is a rectangular test piece accommodating cavity surrounded by the left side plate 12, the bottom plate 13, the top plate 14, the right side plate 15, the front side plate 23 and the rear side plate 24 and combined with bolts, and the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity is collinear with the axial lead of the high-pressure closed pressure bin, so that the rectangular test piece is centered in the main body model. A left pressing plate 16 is arranged on the left side in the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, a plurality of upper pressing plates 17 are arranged on the top left and right in sequence, and a plurality of front pressing plates 18 are arranged on the front left and right in sequence. The axial hydraulic cylinders 6 can penetrate through the left side plate 12 and are connected with the left pressing plate 16, each upper pressing plate 17 is connected with a top hydraulic cylinder 20 through an upper cushion block 19 penetrating through the top plate 14, the top hydraulic cylinder 20 is provided with a hydraulic piston 20a, the upper cushion block 19 is acted on through the hydraulic piston 20a, and then the upper pressing plate 17 applies load to the rectangular test piece. Each front platen 18 is connected to a lateral hydraulic cylinder 22 by a side block 21 mounted through a front side plate 23, the lateral hydraulic cylinder 22 also having a hydraulic piston, through which the side block 21 is acted upon by the hydraulic piston, and the rectangular test piece is loaded by the front platen 18.
Referring to fig. 2 to 6, a plurality of heating pipes 27 and temperature control probes 28 are installed in the openings of the upper platen 17, the front platen 18, the bottom plate 13, and the rear plate 24, and a plurality of ultrasonic probes 29 are installed in the openings of the upper platen 17, the front platen 18, the left platen 16, the bottom plate 13, the rear plate 24, and the right plate 15. A row of rollers 26 are mounted at left and right intervals on the bottom of the test piece box through a lining plate 25, and when the test piece box is pushed into the main body high-pressure cavity module, the lifter 8 is supported below the rollers 26.
Preferably, a high-frequency vibrator is arranged on the cavity of the axial hydraulic cylinder 6, high-speed vibration is generated under the action of a high-pressure air source, and high-frequency vibration force can be transmitted to the test piece right through the corresponding hydraulic cavity, the hydraulic piston and the left pressing plate 16.
The anti-channeling plates 30 corresponding to the upper pressing plates 17 one by one are arranged right above the bottom plate 13, a central air inlet hole 30a and a plurality of annular grooves 30b surrounding the central air inlet hole 30a are formed in the anti-channeling plates 30, and all the annular grooves 30b are communicated with the central air inlet hole 30a through communication grooves 30c which are distributed in a divergent mode, and an air inlet pipe transversely penetrates through the rear side wall of the test piece box and is connected to the bottom of the central air inlet hole 30 a. The annular grooves 30b are rectangular or circular and are equally spaced apart.
The air inlet pipe transversely passes through the rear side wall of the test piece box and is connected to the bottom of the central air inlet hole 30a, the ventilation partition plate 31 is arranged above the anti-channeling plate 30, the filter plates 32 are arranged at the left end and the right end of the test piece, and the sealing gaskets 33 are arranged on the upper side, the lower side, the front side and the rear side of the test piece.
The inner cavity of the test piece box can be provided with a rectangular test piece with the length of 1000 times the width of 400 times the height of 400mm, and the internal pressure resistance of the main body high-pressure cavity module is 10MPa.
Only one axial hydraulic cylinder 6 has a maximum loading pressure of 5000kN; four groups of top hydraulic cylinders 20 and side hydraulic cylinders 22 are respectively arranged, each group of hydraulic cylinders is provided with two parallel hydraulic loading systems for pressurizing, one of the hydraulic cylinders is a static load loading system, the other hydraulic loading system is a dynamic load loading system, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading systems is used for independently controlling one pressing plate and is arranged on the corresponding pressing plate in a left-right centering mode, and the axial hydraulic cylinders 6, the top hydraulic cylinders 20 and the side hydraulic cylinders 22 can be used for loading dynamic and static loads.
As shown in fig. 8, the multi-field coupling coal-rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system comprises a main body model, a main body frame 37 for supporting the main body model, a transfer sliding rail 36, a test piece box lifting and conveying frame 34 and a right round end cover conveying frame 35. The specimen box lifting and lowering transfer frame 34 and the right round end cap transfer frame 35 are collectively referred to as a transfer frame.
The main body frame 37 is used for supporting a main body model, the main body frame 37 is of a rectangular frame structure, and the left end and the right end of the main body model extend out of the main body frame 37. The right side of main part frame 37 is provided with and transports slide rail 36, and transport slide rail 36 extends to the main part high pressure chamber module under, and transport slide rail 36's width is less than the interior empty width of main part frame 37. The transfer slide rail 36 is slidably provided with a specimen box lifting and transferring frame 34 and a right round end cover transferring frame 35, and the specimen box lifting and transferring frame 34 can perform lifting and transferring movements and is used for supporting the specimen box. The top of the right round end cover transferring frame 35 is arc-shaped and is used for supporting the right round end cover 5, the test piece box lifting transferring frame 34 just enables the test piece box to be horizontally pushed into the main body high-pressure cavity module after being lifted, and the top of the test piece box lifting transferring frame 34 is lower than the bottom of the main body high-pressure cavity module after being lowered, so that the test piece box lifting transferring frame slides into the lower part of the main body high-pressure cavity module, and the right round end cover transferring frame 35 can slide leftwards to a set position to install the right round end cover 5.
The main characteristics of the main body model are as follows:
(1) The shell of the main body high-pressure cavity module adopts a high-pressure sealing pressure bin with an outer circle and an inner circle, wherein the outer circle and the inner circle are surrounded by a circular ring, a left circular end cover and a right circular end cover which are combined with bolts, and the structure of the high-pressure sealing pressure bin is quite different from that of the traditional pressure bin with an outer square and an inner square which are surrounded by six plates; meanwhile, the test piece box is rectangular, so that the mounting of the test piece box is met, the front, rear, upper and lower cushion blocks with special shapes are creatively arranged on the front, rear, upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the high-pressure closed pressure bin respectively, and a rectangular cavity for the test piece box to be placed is formed by the front, rear, upper and lower cushion blocks, so that an outer round and inner square test piece box mounting environment is formed, the internal pressure resistance is stronger, the sealing capability is better, the internal pressure resistance can be up to 10MPa, and a better test environment is provided for multi-point complex seepage path simulation in a real ground stress environment;
(2) The lifter is supported below the rollers, so that the test piece box can be pushed in and pulled out more easily and laborsaving, the automation degree of installation is improved, and the large-scale simulation test operation is easier and laborsaving;
(3) The upper pressing plate, the front pressing plate, the bottom plate and the rear side plate are provided with a plurality of heating pipes and temperature control probes, and the upper pressing plate, the front pressing plate, the left pressing plate, the bottom plate, the rear side plate and the right side plate are provided with a plurality of ultrasonic probes, so that a fractured rock mass seepage test under the three-dimensional stress-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling condition can be developed; and combine the anti-channeling board that sets up directly over the bottom plate, ventilative baffle is installed to the top of anti-channeling board, installs the filter in the left and right sides both ends of test piece, installs sealed pad around the upper and lower of test piece, can prevent the channeling, can guarantee again that the gas permeability is good to possess and filter and seal multiple effect.
As shown in fig. 9, a gas cylinder 38, a gas booster pump 39, a gas tank 40, a pressure reducing valve 41, and a gas pressure gauge 42 are connected in this order to the gas inlet line of the main body model. The gas outlet pipe on the right side of the main body model is sequentially connected with a gas-liquid separator 43, a dryer 44 and a gas flowmeter 45.
Four fluid injection channels are arranged at the bottom of the box body, each fluid injection channel is provided with 1 set of measuring ranges of 500ml/min,5000ml/min and 30L/min, and 1 set of fluid injection channels are selectively installed, so that outlet flow of different orders of magnitude can be recorded, the permeability is further analyzed, and an air inlet pipeline transversely penetrates through the rear side wall of the test piece box and is connected to the bottom of each central air inlet hole 30a in four ways.
Claims (8)
1. The comprehensive test method for the strength, the strain and the seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, preparing a test piece;
in the field drilling process, respectively taking out cores of an oil sand reservoir, a bottom layer, a cover layer and an interlayer, and testing physical and mechanical properties of each stratum rock on a rock mechanical testing machine, wherein the physical and mechanical properties comprise uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and poisson ratio parameters of the rock;
step two, matching similar materials;
ensuring that the physical and mechanical properties of similar materials are the same as those of each stratum, wherein the reservoir is simulated by oil sand retrieved on site, firstly crushing a retrieved oil sand rock sample, screening out oil sand particles for pressing the reservoir according to test requirements, and starting to press the simulated stratum after the similar materials of each stratum and the oil sand particles of the simulated reservoir are prepared; simultaneously arranging a temperature sensor when paving materials, and monitoring the temperature in the loading process in real time;
step three, preparing a simulation system for the dynamic disaster prevention and control technology of the multi-field coupling coal rock mass;
the multi-field coupling coal and rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system comprises a main body model and a transport frame; the main body model has a true triaxial simulation experiment function and comprises a true triaxial loading system and a test piece box in the first step; the X direction is provided with an independent hydraulic loading device for pressurization, and the maximum loading pressure is 5000kN; the Y, Z hydraulic loading devices are respectively provided with 4 groups of independent hydraulic loading devices for pressurization, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading devices can be independently controlled, loading of different acting forces in the length direction of 1000mm is realized, and the triaxial stress state of the underground reservoir can be simulated more truly;
step four, heating the test piece;
an electric heating pipe is laid at the bottom of the test piece box, the alloy heating wire in the electric heating pipe is electrified to generate heat, heat is conducted to the electric heating pipe body through the magnesium oxide powder which is filled in the pipe and compressed very tightly, and the material in the test piece box is heated to 250 ℃ at most, and the temperature control precision is +/-1 ℃;
step five, applying true triaxial stress;
the test piece box is sent into a true triaxial loading system through a transfer frame, so that a stress loading cushion block of the test piece box body corresponds to a pressure head in the true triaxial loading system one by one; according to the ground stress of the stratum, a true triaxial loading system is utilized to apply the ground stress to the simulated stratum, in the process of loading the stress, a pressure head is firstly moved to enable the pressure head to be in contact with a loading cushion block, and a certain prestress is applied to achieve sigma x ＝σ y ＝σ z Then loading Z, Y, X stress in three directions one by one in a step-type mode to reach a preset ground stress value;
step six, seepage test;
the method comprises the steps that an air inlet pipeline is connected to the rear part of a main body model, four fluid injection channels are arranged at the bottom of a box body of a test piece box, the air inlet pipeline is respectively communicated with the four fluid injection channels, and an air outlet pipeline is connected to a right seepage outlet of the main body model; after the initial three-dimensional stress is stable, firstly opening a gas inlet valve and a gas outlet valve, then applying preset gas pressure on the gas inlet, using nitrogen for safety consideration, and simultaneously acquiring and recording the gas outlet flow in real time by a gas outlet gas flowmeter until the gas outlet flow is stable; utilization of the DadaThe penetration is calculated by the western law as follows:
k is permeability, m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the q is the gas seepage flow under standard conditions, m 3 S; μ is aerodynamic viscosity, μPa·s; l is the length of the sample, m; a is the cross-sectional area of the sample, m 2 ；P 2 Atmospheric pressure, MPa; p (P) 1 The pressure is the gas inlet end pressure and MPa; setting a dynamic load applying frequency, a pressure peak value and a valley value, and starting a test until seepage occurs, wherein the maximum loading frequency of the dynamic load is 30Hz;
step seven, simulating mining stress and measuring permeability in real time;
maintaining the horizontal two-way stress constant, changing the stress of different pressing plates in the vertical direction, and further simulating the mining stress; setting the vertical stress of a 4# pressure head to be 5MPa, the stress of a 3# pressure head to be 25MPa, the stress of a 2# pressure head to be 20MPa, and the vertical stress of a 1# pressure head to be 15MPa, monitoring the gas flow in the mining process in real time, and recording the flow and permeability data;
step eight, replacing the oil sand sample, repeating the steps three to four, and then independently increasing the force applied by the pressure head to a new preset value;
step nine, repeating the step five to the step seven;
step ten, other tests in the same group; changing oil sand samples, changing gas pressure or changing true triaxial stress, changing temperature, and repeating the steps one to nine;
and step eleven, finishing test data.
2. The method for comprehensively testing the strength, the strain and the seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the main body model comprises a main body high-pressure cavity module and a test piece box, wherein a shell (1) of the main body high-pressure cavity module adopts a high-pressure closed pressure bin structure of an outer circle surrounded by a circular ring (3), a left circular end cover (4) and a right circular end cover (5) through bolts, a front cushion block (2), a rear cushion block (9), an upper cushion block (10) and a lower cushion block (11) are respectively arranged on the front, the rear and the lower of the inner wall of the circular ring (3), the front cushion block (2), the rear cushion block (9), the upper cushion block (10) and the lower cushion block (11) enclose a rectangular cavity for the test piece box to be placed in, an axial hydraulic cylinder (6) is arranged on the left circular end cover (4) in a penetrating manner, a seepage channel is arranged in the middle of the right circular end cover (5) in a penetrating manner and is externally connected with an air outlet pipeline, a row of lifters (8) are respectively arranged on the left circular end cover (4) and the right circular end cover (5) in a penetrating manner, and a wire harness pipeline leading-out hole (7) are arranged on the top of the lower cushion block at left and right side at intervals;
the test piece box is a rectangular test piece accommodating cavity which is surrounded by a left side plate (12), a bottom plate (13), a top plate (14), a right side plate (15), a front side plate (23) and a rear side plate (24) through combining bolts, the axis of the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity and a high-pressure sealing pressure bin are collinear, a left pressure plate (16) is arranged on the left side in the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, a plurality of upper pressure plates (17) and a plurality of front pressure plates (28) are arranged on the left side, the top of the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity in turn, a plurality of front pressure plates (6) are arranged on the left side and the right side, the axial hydraulic cylinders (6) can penetrate through the left side plate (12) and the left pressure plate (16), each upper pressure plate (17) is connected with the top hydraulic cylinder (20) through an upper cushion block (19) penetrating through the top plate (14), each front pressure plate (18) is connected with a lateral hydraulic cylinder (22) through a side cushion block (21) penetrating the front side plate (23), a plurality of heating pipes (27) and temperature control probes (28) are arranged on the left side and right side of the top pressure plate (18), the front pressure plate (13), the rear side plate (24) and the left side plate (16) are provided with a plurality of ultrasonic probes (29), a row of rollers (26) are arranged at left and right intervals at the bottom of the test piece box through a lining plate (25), and when the test piece box is pushed into the main body high-pressure cavity module, the lifter (8) is supported below the rollers (26);
just above bottom plate (13) be provided with upper pressure plate (17) one-to-one prevent channeling board (30), central inlet port (30 a) and a plurality of ring channel (30 b) around central inlet port (30 a) have been seted up on prevent channeling board (30), and all ring channel (30 b) and central inlet port (30 a) are through being the tie groove (30 c) intercommunication that divergently distributes, and the intake pipe transversely passes the rear side wall access of test piece case the bottom of central inlet port (30 a), ventilative baffle (31) are installed to the top of prevent channeling board (30), install filter (32) at the left and right sides of test piece, install sealing pad (33) around about the test piece.
3. The method for comprehensively testing the strength, the strain and the seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: only one axial hydraulic cylinder (6) has a maximum loading pressure of 5000kN; four groups of top hydraulic cylinders (20) and lateral hydraulic cylinders (22) are respectively arranged, each group of hydraulic cylinders is provided with two parallel hydraulic loading systems for pressurizing, one hydraulic loading system is a static load loading system, the other hydraulic loading system is a dynamic load loading system, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading systems is used for independently controlling one pressing plate and is arranged on the corresponding pressing plate in a left-right centering mode, and the axial hydraulic cylinders (6), the top hydraulic cylinders (20) and the lateral hydraulic cylinders (22) can all carry out dynamic and static load loading.
4. The method for comprehensively testing the strength, the strain and the seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the annular grooves (30 b) are rectangular or circular and are distributed at equal intervals.
5. The method for comprehensively testing the strength, the strain and the seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the main body frame (37) is used for supporting the main body model, the main body frame (37) is of a rectangular frame structure, the left end and the right end of the main body model extend out of the main body frame (37), a transfer sliding rail (36) is arranged on the right side of the main body frame (37), the transfer sliding rail (36) extends to the position right below the main body high-pressure cavity module, and the width of the transfer sliding rail (36) is smaller than the inner space width of the main body frame (37); a test piece box lifting and transporting frame (34) and a right round end cover transporting frame (35) are slidably arranged on the transporting slide rail (36), and the test piece box lifting and transporting frame (34) can perform lifting movement and is used for supporting the test piece box; the top of the right round end cover transferring frame (35) is arc-shaped and is used for supporting the right round end cover (5), the test piece box lifting transferring frame (34) can be just in time pushed into the main body high-pressure cavity module after being lifted, the top of the test piece box lifting transferring frame (34) is lower than the bottom of the main body high-pressure cavity module after being lowered, so that the test piece box lifting transferring frame can slide into the lower side of the main body high-pressure cavity module, and the right round end cover transferring frame (35) can slide leftwards to a set position to install the right round end cover (5).
6. The method for comprehensively testing the strength, the strain and the seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: each lifter (8) adopts a double-support structure which is arranged at intervals and symmetrically, each lifter (8) adopts independent hydraulic drive, and all lifters (8) synchronously lift.
7. The method for comprehensively testing the strength, the strain and the seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: a high-frequency vibrator is arranged on a cavity of the axial hydraulic cylinder (6), high-speed vibration is generated under the action of a high-pressure air source, and high-frequency vibration force can be transmitted to a test piece rightward through a corresponding hydraulic cavity, a hydraulic piston and a left pressing plate (16).
8. The method for comprehensively testing the strength, the strain and the seepage of the oil sand in the high-temperature stress environment according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the gas inlet pipeline of the main body model is sequentially connected with a gas cylinder (38), a gas booster pump (39), a gas storage tank (40), a pressure reducing valve (41) and a gas pressure gauge (42), the gas outlet pipeline on the right side of the main body model is sequentially connected with a gas-liquid separator (43), a dryer (44) and a gas flowmeter (45), four fluid injection channels are arranged at the bottom of the box body, each fluid injection channel is provided with a measuring range of 500ml/min,5000ml/min and 30L/min, 1 set of each fluid injection channel is selectively installed, outlet flow of different orders of magnitude can be recorded, the permeability is analyzed, and the gas inlet pipeline transversely penetrates through the rear side wall of the test piece box and is connected to the bottom of each central gas inlet hole (30 a) in four ways.
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