CN116148075B - High-stress soft rock stratum deformation simulation test method under mining stress - Google Patents
High-stress soft rock stratum deformation simulation test method under mining stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN116148075B CN116148075B CN202211668215.1A CN202211668215A CN116148075B CN 116148075 B CN116148075 B CN 116148075B CN 202211668215 A CN202211668215 A CN 202211668215A CN 116148075 B CN116148075 B CN 116148075B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
Abstract
The invention discloses a deformation simulation test method of a high-stress soft rock stratum under mining stress, which comprises the steps of selecting fine sand and powdery clay to prepare the soft rock stratum model material according to a weight ratio of 1:5, paving the soft rock stratum model material in a test piece box in layers and compacting the soft rock stratum model material layer by layer, wherein the maximum compacting pressure can reach 10MPa, and embedding a displacement sensor at each of four corners and middle positions of each layer of material to simulate the soft rock stratum; hoisting the test piece box body onto a transfer frame, and applying mining stress on the basis of applying true triaxial prestress: the horizontal bidirectional stress is kept constant, the stress of different pressing plates in the vertical direction is changed, the mining stress is further simulated, the vertical stress of a 4# pressing head is set to be 7MPa, the stress of a 3# pressing head is set to be 20MPa, the stress of a 2# pressing head is set to be 15MPa, the vertical stress of a 1# pressing head is set to be 10MPa, displacement data monitored by a displacement sensor in the mining process are monitored in real time, flow deformation data are recorded, and the deformation condition of a high-stress soft rock bottom layer under the mining stress can be truly simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal rock mechanical property test equipment, and particularly relates to a deformation simulation test method of a high-stress soft rock stratum under mining stress.
Background
Along with the long-term development of coal resources, the coal exploitation depth of China gradually develops to the deep part at the speed of 10-25 m per year, and compared with shallow part resources, the gas occurrence condition faced by deep part exploitation is more complex, the coal and gas outburst danger is gradually upgraded, and coal mine gas disasters become key problems for restricting the coal mine safety production of China for a long time, and cause great threat to the sustainable development of energy sources of China. Long-term practice and research show that realizing efficient extraction of deep coal seam gas is an important problem for guaranteeing safe production of coal enterprises in China, and yield increase modification of low-permeability gas reservoirs is a core technology and hot spot problem. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of high ground stress, complex geological structure and low air permeability of the coalbed methane (coal mine gas) reservoir in China, the research of key technical equipment for efficient extraction of the coalbed methane (coal mine gas) reservoir with low air permeability is further enhanced, the basic theoretical research of the coal bed methane seepage mechanism and the like is deepened, and the heavy-point subject research of the deep low air permeability coal bed permeability increasing mechanism and the like is enhanced.
Along with the increase of the mining depth of the coal mine, the coal and gas outburst accidents frequently happen in recent years, the outburst intensity is higher and higher, the casualties are serious, and shadows are caused for coal production. The coal rock damage destruction characteristic and the coal and gas outburst research under the multi-field coupling effect are developed, so that the method has rich theoretical connotation and academic value for revealing the mechanical behavior of the coal rock and the mechanical mechanism of damage instability of the coal rock, perfecting and developing rock damage mechanics, fracture mechanics and the like, and has extremely rich scientific, technical and engineering significance for mineral engineering development. However, due to the complexity and difficulty of developing coal-rock multi-field coupling research, the work of the aspect is still preliminary and incomplete, and the existing research results are also far from engineering application. Therefore, research on the mechanism of coal and gas outburst disasters is also imperative.
Along with the gradual increase of the coal seam exploitation depth, the high stress, especially under the soft rock bottom layer, the soft rock bottom layer deformation influenced by the coal seam exploitation stress directly influences the exploitation safety of the underground coal seam, the method for simulating the deformation under the stress in the high stress soft rock stratum is not researched at present, and the technical blank exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a deformation simulation test method for a high-stress soft rock stratum under mining stress, which can truly simulate the deformation condition of the high-stress soft rock stratum under the mining stress.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a deformation simulation test method of a high-stress soft rock stratum under mining stress comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a sample;
fine sand and powdery clay are selected to be prepared into soft rock stratum model materials according to the weight ratio of 1:5, the model materials are paved in layers in a test piece box and compacted layer by layer, the maximum compacting pressure can reach 10MPa, and displacement sensors are buried in four corners and middle positions of each layer of material respectively; hoisting the test piece box body to a transport frame;
step two, preparing a simulation system for the dynamic disaster prevention and control technology of the multi-field coupling coal rock mass;
the multi-field coupling coal and rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system comprises a main body model and a transport frame; the main body model has a true triaxial simulation experiment function and comprises a true triaxial loading system and a test piece box in the first step; the X direction is provided with an independent hydraulic loading device for pressurization, and the maximum loading pressure is 5000kN; the Y, Z hydraulic loading devices are respectively provided with 4 groups of independent hydraulic loading devices for pressurization, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading devices can be independently controlled, loading of different acting forces in the length direction of 1000mm is realized, and the triaxial stress state of the underground reservoir can be simulated more truly;
the test piece box is sent into a true triaxial loading system through a transfer frame, so that a stress loading cushion block of the test piece box body corresponds to a pressure head in the true triaxial loading system one by one;
thirdly, applying true triaxial prestress;
according to the ground stress of the stratum, a true triaxial loading system is utilized to apply the ground stress to the simulated stratum, in the process of loading the stress, a pressure head is firstly moved to enable the pressure head to be in contact with a loading cushion block, and a certain prestress is applied to achieve sigma x ＝σ y ＝σ z Then loading Z, Y, X stress in three directions one by one in a step-type mode to reach a preset ground stress value;
simulating and applying true triaxial mining stress;
maintaining the horizontal bidirectional stress constant, changing the stress of different pressing plates in the vertical direction, further simulating the mining stress, setting the vertical stress of a 4# pressing head to be 7MPa, the stress of a 3# pressing head to be 20MPa, the stress of a 2# pressing head to be 15MPa, and the vertical stress of a 1# pressing head to be 10MPa, monitoring displacement data monitored by a displacement sensor in the mining process in real time, and recording flow deformation data;
step five, other tests in the same group;
changing a soft rock stratum model material test piece or changing the loading rate of the true triaxial mining stress, and repeating the steps one to four;
step six, ending the test;
after the test is completed, the force load is required to be unloaded to zero, then the hydraulic system is switched to low pressure, the test piece is unloaded, the computer and the controller are closed, the power supply is cut off, and the test is finished.
As the optimization of the scheme, the multi-field coupling coal rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system comprises a main body high-pressure cavity module and a test piece box module, wherein the outer shell of the main body high-pressure cavity module is of a high-pressure closed pressure bin structure with an outer circle and an inner circle surrounded by a circular ring, a left circular end cover and a right circular end cover through bolts, front cushion blocks, rear cushion blocks, upper cushion blocks and lower cushion blocks are respectively arranged on the front, rear, upper cushion blocks and lower cushion blocks of the inner wall of the circular ring, the front cushion blocks, the rear cushion blocks, the upper cushion blocks and the lower cushion blocks enclose a rectangular cavity just for the test piece box module to be placed in, an axial hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the left circular end cover in a penetrating manner, the right circular end cover is divided into a punching type, a seepage type and a protruding type, the middle part of the right circular end cover is respectively provided with punching, a seepage type and a protruding interface in a penetrating manner, a wire harness pipeline leading-out hole is respectively arranged on the left circular end cover and the right circular end cover in a penetrating manner, a row of lifters are arranged at left and right interval on the top of the lower cushion block, and a lifter can be sunk into the lower cushion blocks;
the test piece box module is a rectangular test piece accommodating cavity formed by encircling a left side plate, a bottom plate, a top plate, a right side plate, a front side plate and a rear side plate through combining bolts, the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity is collinear with the axial lead of a high-pressure sealing pressure bin, a left pressure plate is arranged on the left side of the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, a plurality of upper pressure plates are sequentially arranged on the top left and right sides of the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, a plurality of front pressure plates are sequentially arranged on the front left and right sides of the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, the axial hydraulic cylinder can penetrate through the left side plate to be connected with the left pressure plate, each upper pressure plate is connected with the top hydraulic cylinder through an upper cushion block penetrating through the upper side plate, which is arranged on the top plate, each front pressure plate is connected with the lateral hydraulic cylinder through a side cushion block penetrating through the front side plate, a plurality of heating pipes and temperature control probes are arranged on the upper pressure plate, the front pressure plate, the left pressure plate, the bottom plate, the rear side plate and the right side plate are provided with a plurality of ultrasonic probes, the bottom plate is arranged on the upper opening of the test piece box module, and a row of rollers are arranged on the bottom of the test piece box module at left and right sides at intervals through a liner plates;
the anti-channeling board is arranged right above the bottom plate and corresponds to the upper pressing plate one by one, a central air inlet hole and a plurality of annular grooves surrounding the central air inlet hole are formed in the anti-channeling board, all the annular grooves are communicated with the central air inlet hole through connecting grooves which are distributed in a divergent mode, an air inlet pipe transversely penetrates through the side wall of the test piece box module to be connected to the bottom of the central air inlet hole, a ventilation partition plate is arranged above the anti-channeling board, filter plates are arranged at the left end and the right end of a test piece, and sealing gaskets are arranged on the upper end, the lower end and the front end of the test piece.
The simulation system for the multi-field coupling coal rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology has the characteristics that:
(1) The shell of the main body high-pressure cavity module adopts a high-pressure sealing pressure bin with an outer circle and an inner circle, wherein the outer circle and the inner circle are surrounded by a circular ring, a left circular end cover and a right circular end cover which are combined with bolts, and the structure of the high-pressure sealing pressure bin is quite different from that of the traditional pressure bin with an outer square and an inner square which are surrounded by six plates; meanwhile, the test piece box module is rectangular, so that the mounting of the test piece box module is met, the front cushion block, the rear cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block which are special-shaped are creatively arranged on the front side, the rear side, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block of the inner wall of the high-pressure closed pressure bin respectively, and a rectangular cavity which is just used for the test piece box module to be placed in is formed by the front cushion block, the rear cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block, so that a test piece box module mounting environment with the inner side of an outer circle is formed, the internal pressure resistance is stronger, the sealing capability is better, the internal pressure resistance which can be provided is as high as 10MPa, and a better test environment is provided for a multi-field coupling coal rock dynamic disaster prevention and control simulation test;
(2) The right round end cover is provided with three types of punching holes, seepage patterns and protruding interfaces, the middle part of the right round end cover is respectively provided with the punching holes, the seepage patterns and the protruding interfaces in a penetrating way, and only a set of equipment can be used for respectively carrying out punching holes, seepage patterns and protruding tests by simply replacing the equipment, so that the functions are more, and the cost of the test equipment is greatly saved;
(3) The lifter is supported below the rollers, so that the test piece box module can be pushed in and pulled out more easily and laborsaving, the automation degree of installation is improved, and the large-scale simulation test operation is easier and laborsaving;
(4) The upper pressing plate, the front pressing plate, the bottom plate and the rear side plate are provided with a plurality of heating pipes and temperature control probes, and the upper pressing plate, the front pressing plate, the left pressing plate, the bottom plate, the rear side plate and the right side plate are provided with a plurality of ultrasonic probes, so that tests such as coal and gas outburst, coalbed methane migration, fracturing and permeability increase, hydraulic punching and the like under the three-dimensional stress-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling condition can be carried out; and combine the anti-channeling board that sets up directly over the bottom plate, ventilative baffle is installed to the top of anti-channeling board, installs the filter in the left and right sides both ends of test piece, installs sealed pad around the upper and lower of test piece, can prevent the channeling, can guarantee again that the gas permeability is good to possess and filter and seal multiple effect.
As the preferable mode of the scheme, the inner cavity of the test piece box module can be provided with a rectangular test piece with the length of 1000 times the width of 400 times the height of 400mm, and the internal pressure of the main body high-pressure cavity module is 10MPa.
It is further preferred that only one of the axial hydraulic cylinders has a maximum loading pressure of 5000kN; four groups of top hydraulic cylinders and lateral hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged, each group of hydraulic cylinders is provided with two parallel hydraulic loading systems for pressurizing, one of the hydraulic cylinders is a static load loading system, the other hydraulic cylinder is a dynamic load loading system, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading systems is used for independently controlling one pressing plate and is arranged on the corresponding pressing plate in a left-right centering mode, and the axial hydraulic cylinders, the top hydraulic cylinders and the lateral hydraulic cylinders can all carry out dynamic and static load loading.
It is further preferred that the annular grooves are rectangular or circular and are equally spaced apart.
The simulation system for the multi-field coupling coal rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology further comprises a main body frame for supporting the main body model, wherein the main body frame is of a rectangular frame structure, the left end and the right end of the main body model extend out of the main body frame, a transfer sliding rail is arranged on the right side of the main body frame and extends to the position right below the main body high-pressure cavity module, and the width of the transfer sliding rail is smaller than the inner space width of the main body frame; a test piece box lifting and conveying frame and a right round end cover conveying frame are slidably mounted on the transfer slide rail, and the test piece box lifting and conveying frame can perform lifting movement and is used for supporting the test piece box module; the top of the right round end cover transfer frame is arc-shaped and is used for supporting the right round end cover, the test piece box lifting transfer frame can enable the test piece box module to be pushed into the main body high-pressure cavity module horizontally after being lifted, the top of the test piece box lifting transfer frame is lower than the bottom of the main body high-pressure cavity module after being lowered, so that the test piece box lifting transfer frame can slide into the lower side of the main body high-pressure cavity module conveniently, and the right round end cover transfer frame can slide leftwards to a set position to install the right round end cover.
It is further preferred that each lifter adopts a double supporting structure which is arranged at intervals and symmetrically, each lifter adopts independent hydraulic drive, and all lifters synchronously lift.
Further preferably, a high-frequency vibrator is arranged on the cavity of the axial hydraulic cylinder, high-speed vibration is generated under the action of a high-pressure air source, and high-frequency vibration force can be transmitted to the test piece right through the corresponding hydraulic cavity, the hydraulic piston and the left pressing plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of preparing fine sand and powdery clay according to a weight ratio of 1:5 to be used as a soft rock stratum model material, paving the model material in a test piece box in a layered manner, compacting the model material layer by layer, wherein the maximum compacting pressure can reach 10MPa, and burying a displacement sensor at each of four corners and middle positions of each layer of material so as to simulate a soft rock stratum; hoisting the test piece box body onto a transfer frame, and applying mining stress on the basis of applying true triaxial prestress: the horizontal bidirectional stress is kept constant, the stress of different pressing plates in the vertical direction is changed, the mining stress is further simulated, the vertical stress of a 4# pressing head is set to be 7MPa, the stress of a 3# pressing head is set to be 20MPa, the stress of a 2# pressing head is set to be 15MPa, the vertical stress of a 1# pressing head is set to be 10MPa, displacement data monitored by a displacement sensor in the mining process are monitored in real time, flow deformation data are recorded, and the deformation condition of a high-stress soft rock bottom layer under the mining stress can be truly simulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation system of a multi-field coupling coal-rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology.
Fig. 3 is an interior left view of fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the specimen box module.
Fig. 5 is an interior left view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a simplified view of the arrangement of a heating tube, a temperature control probe, and an ultrasonic probe.
FIG. 7 is a simplified illustration of an anti-channeling plate.
Fig. 8 is a state before the specimen box module is loaded into the main body high-pressure chamber module.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a deformation simulation test method of a high-stress soft rock stratum under mining stress comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a sample;
fine sand and powdery clay are selected to be prepared into soft rock stratum model materials according to the weight ratio of 1:5, the model materials are paved in layers in a test piece box and compacted layer by layer, the maximum compacting pressure can reach 10MPa, and displacement sensors are buried in four corners and middle positions of each layer of material respectively; hoisting the test piece box body to a transport frame;
step two, preparing a simulation system for the dynamic disaster prevention and control technology of the multi-field coupling coal rock mass;
the multi-field coupling coal and rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system comprises a main body model and a transport frame; the main body model has a true triaxial simulation experiment function and comprises a true triaxial loading system and a test piece box in the first step; the X direction is provided with an independent hydraulic loading device for pressurization, and the maximum loading pressure is 5000kN; the Y, Z hydraulic loading devices are respectively provided with 4 groups of independent hydraulic loading devices for pressurization, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading devices can be independently controlled, loading of different acting forces in the length direction of 1000mm is realized, and the triaxial stress state of the underground reservoir can be simulated more truly;
the test piece box is sent into a true triaxial loading system through a transfer frame, so that a stress loading cushion block of the test piece box body corresponds to a pressure head in the true triaxial loading system one by one;
thirdly, applying true triaxial prestress;
according to the ground stress of the stratum, a true triaxial loading system is utilized to apply the ground stress to the simulated stratum, in the process of loading the stress, a pressure head is firstly moved to enable the pressure head to be in contact with a loading cushion block, and a certain prestress is applied to achieve sigma x ＝σ y ＝σ z Then loading Z, Y, X stress in three directions one by one in a step-type mode to reach a preset ground stress value;
simulating and applying true triaxial mining stress;
maintaining the horizontal bidirectional stress constant, changing the stress of different pressing plates in the vertical direction, further simulating the mining stress, setting the vertical stress of a 4# pressing head to be 7MPa, the stress of a 3# pressing head to be 20MPa, the stress of a 2# pressing head to be 15MPa, and the vertical stress of a 1# pressing head to be 10MPa, monitoring displacement data monitored by a displacement sensor in the mining process in real time, and recording flow deformation data;
step five, other tests in the same group;
changing a soft rock stratum model material test piece or changing the loading rate of the true triaxial mining stress, and repeating the steps one to four;
step six, ending the test;
after the test is completed, the force load is required to be unloaded to zero, then the hydraulic system is switched to low pressure, the test piece is unloaded, the computer and the controller are closed, the power supply is cut off, and the test is finished.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the simulation system for the dynamic disaster prevention and control technology of the multi-field coupling coal rock mass mainly comprises a main body high-pressure cavity module and a test piece box module.
The shell 1 of the main body high-pressure cavity module is of a high-pressure closed pressure bin structure which is formed by combining an outer circle and an inner circle surrounded by bolts through a circular ring 3, a left circular end cover 4 and a right circular end cover 5. A front cushion block 2, a rear cushion block 9, an upper cushion block 10 and a lower cushion block 11 are respectively arranged on the front, the rear, the upper and the lower of the inner wall of the circular ring 3. The front cushion block 2, the rear cushion block 9, the upper cushion block 10 and the lower cushion block 11 enclose a rectangular cavity for the test piece box module to be placed in.
The left round end cover 4 is provided with an axial hydraulic cylinder 6 in a penetrating way, the right round end cover 5 is divided into three types of punching holes, seepage types and protruding types, and the middle part of the right round end cover 5 is provided with punching holes, seepage types and protruding connectors in a penetrating way respectively, namely: when the right round end cover 5 adopts a punching type, a punching interface is arranged in the middle of the right round end cover 5 in a penetrating manner and is used for punching test; when the right round end cover 5 adopts seepage type, the middle part of the right round end cover 5 is provided with a seepage interface in a penetrating way for seepage test; when the right round end cover 5 adopts a protruding type, a protruding interface is installed in the middle of the right round end cover 5 in a penetrating manner and used for a protruding test. Only the right circular end cover 5 needs to be replaced, and correspondingly, different interfaces are arranged on the right circular end cover 5, so that different tests can be carried out.
The left round end cover 4 and the right round end cover 5 are respectively penetrated with a wire harness pipeline leading-out hole 7, a row of lifters 8 are arranged at the top of the lower cushion block 11 at left and right intervals, and the lifters 8 can protrude out of the lower cushion block 11 and also can sink into the lower cushion block 11. Each lifter 8 adopts a double-wheel structure which is arranged at intervals front and back and symmetrically, realizes front and back double support, and has balanced and stable stress. Each lifter 8 is driven by a separate hydraulic pressure, and all lifters 8 are controlled to synchronously lift and lower through a control system.
Referring to fig. 2-5, the specimen box module is a rectangular specimen accommodating cavity surrounded by the left side plate 12, the bottom plate 13, the top plate 14, the right side plate 15, the front side plate 23 and the rear side plate 24 and combined with bolts, and the rectangular specimen accommodating cavity is collinear with the axial lead of the high-pressure closed pressure bin, so that the rectangular specimen is ensured to be arranged in the middle of the main body model. A left pressing plate 16 is arranged on the left side in the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, a plurality of upper pressing plates 17 are arranged on the top left and right in sequence, and a plurality of front pressing plates 18 are arranged on the front left and right in sequence. The axial hydraulic cylinders 6 can penetrate through the left side plate 12 and are connected with the left pressing plate 16, each upper pressing plate 17 is connected with a top hydraulic cylinder 20 through an upper cushion block 19 penetrating through the top plate 14, the top hydraulic cylinder 20 is provided with a hydraulic piston 20a, the upper cushion block 19 is acted on through the hydraulic piston 20a, and then the upper pressing plate 17 applies load to the rectangular test piece. Each front platen 18 is connected to a lateral hydraulic cylinder 22 by a side block 21 mounted through a front side plate 23, the lateral hydraulic cylinder 22 also having a hydraulic piston, through which the side block 21 is acted upon by the hydraulic piston, and the rectangular test piece is loaded by the front platen 18.
Referring to fig. 2 to 6, a plurality of heating pipes 27 and temperature control probes 28 are installed in the openings of the upper platen 17, the front platen 18, the bottom plate 13, and the rear plate 24, and a plurality of ultrasonic probes 29 are installed in the openings of the upper platen 17, the front platen 18, the left platen 16, the bottom plate 13, the rear plate 24, and the right plate 15. A row of rollers 26 are mounted at left and right intervals on the bottom of the test piece box module through a lining plate 25, and when the test piece box module is pushed into the main body high-pressure cavity module, the lifter 8 is supported below the rollers 26.
Preferably, a high-frequency vibrator is arranged on the cavity of the axial hydraulic cylinder 6, high-speed vibration is generated under the action of a high-pressure air source, and high-frequency vibration force can be transmitted to the test piece right through the corresponding hydraulic cavity, the hydraulic piston and the left pressing plate 16.
The anti-channeling plates 30 corresponding to the upper pressing plates 17 one by one are arranged right above the bottom plate 13, and the anti-channeling plates 30 are provided with a central air inlet hole 30a and a plurality of annular grooves 30b surrounding the central air inlet hole 30a, and all the annular grooves 30b are communicated with the central air inlet hole 30a through communication grooves 30c which are distributed in a divergent mode, as shown in fig. 6. The annular grooves 30b are rectangular or circular and are equally spaced apart.
The air inlet pipe transversely passes through the side wall of the test piece box module and is connected to the bottom of the central air inlet hole 30a, the ventilation partition plate 31 is arranged above the anti-channeling plate 30, the filter plates 32 are arranged at the left end and the right end of the test piece, and the sealing gaskets 33 are arranged on the upper part, the lower part, the front part and the rear part of the test piece.
The inner cavity of the test piece box module can be provided with a rectangular test piece with the length of 1000 times the width of 400 times the height of 400mm, and the internal pressure resistance of the main body high-pressure cavity module is 10MPa. But are not limited to, this gauge size.
Only one axial hydraulic cylinder 6 has a maximum loading pressure of 5000kN; four groups of top hydraulic cylinders 20 and side hydraulic cylinders 22 are respectively arranged, each group of hydraulic cylinders is provided with two parallel hydraulic loading systems for pressurizing, one of the hydraulic cylinders is a static load loading system, the other hydraulic loading system is a dynamic load loading system, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading systems is used for independently controlling one pressing plate and is arranged on the corresponding pressing plate in a left-right centering mode, and the axial hydraulic cylinders 6, the top hydraulic cylinders 20 and the side hydraulic cylinders 22 can be used for loading dynamic and static loads.
As shown in fig. 8, the main body model includes a main body frame 37 for supporting the main body model, a transfer slide rail 36, a test piece box lifting and transporting frame 34, and a right round end cap transporting frame 35, in addition to the main body high-pressure chamber module and the test piece box module.
The main body frame 37 is used for supporting a main body model, the main body frame 37 is of a rectangular frame structure, and the left end and the right end of the main body model extend out of the main body frame 37. The right side of main part frame 37 is provided with and transports slide rail 36, and transport slide rail 36 extends to the main part high pressure chamber module under, and transport slide rail 36's width is less than the interior empty width of main part frame 37. The transfer slide rail 36 is slidably provided with a specimen box lifting and transferring frame 34 and a right round end cover transferring frame 35, and the specimen box lifting and transferring frame 34 can perform lifting and transferring movements and is used for supporting the specimen box module. The top of the right round end cover transferring frame 35 is arc-shaped and is used for supporting the right round end cover 5, the test piece box lifting transferring frame 34 just enables the test piece box module to be horizontally pushed into the main body high-pressure cavity module after being lifted, and the top of the test piece box lifting transferring frame 34 is lower than the bottom of the main body high-pressure cavity module after being lowered, so that the test piece box lifting transferring frame slides into the lower part of the main body high-pressure cavity module, and the right round end cover transferring frame 35 can slide leftwards to a set position to install the right round end cover 5.
Claims (8)
1. A deformation simulation test method of a high-stress soft rock stratum under mining stress is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing a sample;
fine sand and powdery clay are selected to be prepared into soft rock stratum model materials according to the weight ratio of 1:5, the model materials are paved in layers in a test piece box and compacted layer by layer, the maximum compacting pressure can reach 10MPa, and displacement sensors are buried in four corners and middle positions of each layer of material respectively; hoisting the test piece box body to a transport frame;
step two, preparing a simulation system for the dynamic disaster prevention and control technology of the multi-field coupling coal rock mass;
the multi-field coupling coal and rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system comprises a main body model and a transport frame; the main body model has a true triaxial simulation experiment function and comprises a true triaxial loading system and a test piece box in the first step; the X direction is provided with an independent hydraulic loading device for pressurization, and the maximum loading pressure is 5000kN; the Y, Z hydraulic loading devices are respectively provided with 4 groups of independent hydraulic loading devices for pressurization, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading devices can be independently controlled, loading of different acting forces in the length direction of 1000mm is realized, and the triaxial stress state of the underground reservoir can be simulated more truly;
the test piece box is sent into a true triaxial loading system through a transfer frame, so that a stress loading cushion block of the test piece box body corresponds to a pressure head in the true triaxial loading system one by one;
thirdly, applying true triaxial prestress;
according to the ground stress of the stratum, a true triaxial loading system is utilized to apply the ground stress to the simulated stratum, in the process of loading the stress, a pressure head is firstly moved to enable the pressure head to be in contact with a loading cushion block, and a certain prestress is applied to achieve sigma x ＝σ y ＝σ z Then loading Z, Y, X stress in three directions one by one in a step-type mode to reach a preset ground stress value;
simulating and applying true triaxial mining stress;
maintaining the horizontal bidirectional stress constant, changing the stress of different pressing plates in the vertical direction, further simulating the mining stress, setting the vertical stress of a 4# pressing head to be 7MPa, the stress of a 3# pressing head to be 20MPa, the stress of a 2# pressing head to be 15MPa, and the vertical stress of a 1# pressing head to be 10MPa, monitoring displacement data monitored by a displacement sensor in the mining process in real time, and recording flow deformation data;
step five, other tests in the same group;
changing a soft rock stratum model material test piece or changing the loading rate of the true triaxial mining stress, and repeating the steps one to four;
step six, ending the test;
after the test is completed, the force load is required to be unloaded to zero, then the hydraulic system is switched to low pressure, the test piece is unloaded, the computer and the controller are closed, the power supply is cut off, and the test is finished.
2. The method for simulating deformation of a high stress soft rock stratum under mining stress according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the multi-field coupling coal rock mass dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system comprises a main body high-pressure cavity module and a test piece box module, wherein a shell (1) of the main body high-pressure cavity module adopts a high-pressure sealing pressure bin structure of an outer circle and an inner circle surrounded by a circular ring (3), a left circular end cover (4) and a right circular end cover (5) through bolts, a front cushion block (2), a rear cushion block (9), an upper cushion block (10) and a lower cushion block (11) are respectively arranged on the front, rear cushion block (9), the upper cushion block (10) and the lower cushion block (11) in a penetrating manner, a rectangular cavity is just formed by the front cushion block (2), the rear cushion block (9), the upper cushion block (10) and the lower cushion block (11) and is placed in the test piece box module, an axial hydraulic cylinder (6) is arranged on the left circular end cover (4), the middle part of the right circular end cover (5) is respectively provided with a punching hole type, a penetrating manner and a protruding interface in a penetrating manner, the middle part of the right circular end cover (5) is respectively provided with a wire harness lead-out hole (7), the left circular end cover (4) and the right circular end cover (5) respectively penetrates through a wire harness lead-out hole (11), the left cushion block (11) is also arranged at a lower spacer (11) and can be placed in a lifting device (11) in a lifting device, and can be placed in a lifting device;
the test piece box module is a rectangular test piece accommodating cavity which is surrounded by a left side plate (12), a bottom plate (13), a top plate (14), a right side plate (15), a front side plate (23) and a rear side plate (24) through combining bolts, the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity is collinear with the axial lead of a high-pressure sealing pressure bin, a left pressure plate (16) is arranged on the left side in the rectangular test piece accommodating cavity, a plurality of upper pressure plates (17) and a plurality of front pressure plates (28) are arranged on the left and right sides of the top in sequence, a plurality of front pressure plates (6) are arranged on the left and right sides of the front part in sequence, the axial hydraulic cylinder (6) can penetrate through the left side plate (12) to be connected with the left pressure plate (16), each upper pressure plate (17) is connected with the top hydraulic cylinder (20) through an upper cushion block (19) penetrating through the top plate (14), each front pressure plate (18) is connected with a lateral hydraulic cylinder (22) through a side cushion block (21) penetrating the front side plate (23), a plurality of heating pipes (27) and temperature control probes (28) are arranged on the upper pressure plates (17), the front pressure plates (18), the bottom plates (13) and the rear pressure plates (24) are provided with a plurality of upper ultrasonic probes (29), a row of rollers (26) are arranged at the bottom of the test piece box module at left and right intervals through a lining plate (25), and when the test piece box module is pushed into the main body high-pressure cavity module, the lifter (8) is supported below the rollers (26);
just above bottom plate (13) be provided with upper pressure plate (17) one-to-one prevent channeling board (30), central inlet port (30 a) and a plurality of ring channel (30 b) around central inlet port (30 a) have been seted up on prevent channeling board (30), and all ring channel (30 b) and central inlet port (30 a) are through being the tie groove (30 c) intercommunication that divergently distributes, and the lateral wall of intake pipe transverse passing test piece case module inserts the bottom of central inlet port (30 a), ventilative baffle (31) are installed to the top of prevent channeling board (30), filter (32) are installed at the left and right sides of test piece, install sealing pad (33) around about the test piece.
3. The method for simulating deformation of a high stress soft rock stratum under mining stress according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inner cavity of the test piece box module can be provided with a rectangular test piece with the length of 1000 times the width of 400 times the height of 400mm, and the internal pressure resistance of the main body high-pressure cavity module is 10MPa.
4. The method for simulating deformation of a high stress soft rock stratum under mining stress according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: only one axial hydraulic cylinder (6) has a maximum loading pressure of 5000kN; four groups of top hydraulic cylinders (20) and lateral hydraulic cylinders (22) are respectively arranged, each group of hydraulic cylinders is provided with two parallel hydraulic loading systems for pressurizing, one hydraulic loading system is a static load loading system, the other hydraulic loading system is a dynamic load loading system, the maximum loading pressure of a single group of hydraulic loading devices is 3000kN, each group of hydraulic loading systems is used for independently controlling one pressing plate and is arranged on the corresponding pressing plate in a left-right centering mode, and the axial hydraulic cylinders (6), the top hydraulic cylinders (20) and the lateral hydraulic cylinders (22) can all carry out dynamic and static load loading.
5. The method for simulating deformation of a high stress soft rock stratum under mining stress according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the annular grooves (30 b) are rectangular or circular and are distributed at equal intervals.
6. The method for simulating deformation of a high stress soft rock stratum under mining stress according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the main body frame (37) is used for supporting the main body model, the main body frame (37) is of a rectangular frame structure, the left end and the right end of the main body model extend out of the main body frame (37), a transfer sliding rail (36) is arranged on the right side of the main body frame (37), the transfer sliding rail (36) extends to the position right below the main body high-pressure cavity module, and the width of the transfer sliding rail (36) is smaller than the inner space width of the main body frame (37); a test piece box lifting and transporting frame (34) and a right round end cover transporting frame (35) are slidably arranged on the transporting slide rail (36), and the test piece box lifting and transporting frame (34) can perform lifting movement and is used for supporting a test piece box module; the top of the right round end cover transferring frame (35) is arc-shaped and is used for supporting the right round end cover (5), the test piece box lifting transferring frame (34) can enable the test piece box module to be pushed into the main body high-pressure cavity module horizontally after being lifted, the top of the test piece box lifting transferring frame (34) is lower than the bottom of the main body high-pressure cavity module after being lowered, so that the test piece box lifting transferring frame can slide into the lower portion of the main body high-pressure cavity module conveniently, and the right round end cover transferring frame (35) can slide leftwards to a set position to install the right round end cover (5).
7. The method for simulating deformation of a high stress soft rock stratum under mining stress according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: each lifter (8) adopts a double-support structure which is arranged at intervals and symmetrically, each lifter (8) adopts independent hydraulic drive, and all lifters (8) synchronously lift.
8. The method for simulating deformation of a high stress soft rock stratum under mining stress according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a high-frequency vibrator is arranged on a cavity of the axial hydraulic cylinder (6), high-speed vibration is generated under the action of a high-pressure air source, and high-frequency vibration force can be transmitted to a test piece rightward through a corresponding hydraulic cavity, a hydraulic piston and a left pressing plate (16).
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