CN110782362A - Large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting super-heavy oil reservoir by SAGD technology - Google Patents
Large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting super-heavy oil reservoir by SAGD technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting an ultra-heavy oil reservoir by using an SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) technology, which is carried out under the condition of true triaxial loading and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of target stratum simulation, stress loading, steam circulation process simulation and thick oil extraction process simulation. The invention has the advantages that the stratum is simulated by adopting similar materials and natural oil sand, the stress environment of a real reservoir is reduced by stress loading, high-temperature steam is injected through a stainless steel pipe and a steam generator which are pre-embedded in the simulated stratum for circulating operation, data of different time and stratum positions are acquired according to a temperature sensor which is embedded in the simulated stratum, the expansion of a steam cavity is monitored in real time, and after the temperature of the steam cavity reaches the production conversion temperature, the thick oil is exploited through an external negative pressure extraction system. The test method has the advantages of high reduction degree, abundant acquired signals, safe operation and the like, and provides a new test means and method for researching the SAGD technology to exploit the super-heavy oil reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of model tests of an exploitation method of an ultra-heavy oil reservoir, in particular to a large-scale three-dimensional simulation test method for exploiting the ultra-heavy oil reservoir by an SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) technology.
Background
China has rich thickened oil resources, and oil areas such as Xinjiang, Liaohe, victory, Tarim and the like all have thickened oil exploitation. The ultra-thick oil sand reservoir is a special oil reservoir, the viscosity of thick oil is extremely high, the mobility is extremely poor, and the thick oil reservoir is difficult to develop efficiently by adopting the conventional oil gas exploitation technology. The oil sand reservoir is heated to reduce the viscosity of the thickened oil, increase the fluidity of the thickened oil and improve the exploitation efficiency of the thickened oil, but the conventional steam huff and puff method has extremely low efficiency of exploiting the thickened oil and cannot meet the requirement of exploiting the thickened oil. In 1978, doctor butter, canada, proposed Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) technology and has found widespread use in heavy oil recovery in canada.
The SAGD technology arranges an upper horizontal well and a lower horizontal well in a thick oil reservoir, wherein the upper horizontal well is a steam injection well, and the lower horizontal well is a production well. High-temperature steam is injected into the steam injection well and the production well to perform steam circulation and heat the reservoir so as to form a steam cavity. When an effective oil drainage channel is established between the steam injection well and the production requirement is met, steam is continuously injected into the steam injection well, and the production well stops injecting steam and enters an oil production stage.
SAGD technology has been introduced in oil fields of Xinjiang, Liaohe, victory and the like to extract thick oil, and certain effect is achieved. However, most heavy oil reservoirs in China belong to river sediment, and the reservoir heterogeneity is strong, so that horizontal well exploitation is not uniform. And because of the existence of the interlayer with low permeability and low heat conductivity in the reservoir, the injected steam is blocked by the interlayer, and the development of the steam cavity is limited. The heavy oil recovery by the SAGD technology is a very complex physical and chemical process under the condition of multi-field coupling, and comprises a plurality of scientific problems such as heat conduction, multiphase fluid seepage, heat-fluid-solid coupling, phase change of gas, fluid and solid and the like. Therefore, systematic research needs to be carried out on various scientific problems in the heavy oil exploitation by the SAGD technology, the development rule of a steam cavity in the steam circulation process is analyzed, the heavy oil exploitation mechanism of the technology is disclosed, and theoretical basis and technical support are provided for the design of the heavy oil exploitation construction scheme by the field SAGD technology.
The time for exploiting the thick oil by implementing the SAGD technology in China is short, and the basic research aiming at the applicability of the technology in the thick oil reservoir in China is less. In the current research on the heavy oil exploitation by the SAGD technology, methods such as field analysis, numerical simulation, physical simulation and the like are generally adopted. Although some scholars have conducted physical simulation tests of SAGD, most physical simulation methods are small in size, difficult to simulate heterogeneity (interbed) of reservoirs, and the influence of ground stress on simulation effect is rarely considered in the existing simulation methods. For this reason, improvements are required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting a super-heavy oil reservoir by an SAGD technology, aiming at the defects that in a physical simulation method for exploiting heavy oil by the SAGD technology in the prior art, the heterogeneity (interlayer) of a reservoir is difficult to simulate, and the influence factors of the ground stress on the simulation effect are lacked.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting an ultra-heavy oil reservoir by using an SAGD technology is carried out under the condition of true triaxial loading, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, target stratum simulation: the method comprises the steps of sample preparation and cable connection; the sample preparation comprises the steps of sequentially pressing a bottom layer, an oil sand reservoir containing an interlayer and a simulated stratum of a cover layer in a box body of a test piece box loaded by true triaxial from bottom to top according to the property of a rock core drilled on site, embedding two screen pipes for respectively simulating a steam injection well and a production well in an SAGD technology in the process of pressing the oil sand reservoir containing the interlayer, and embedding a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and other sensors for monitoring physical parameters at least including temperature and pressure in the process of exploiting the super heavy oil by the SAGD technology in the oil sand reservoir; simulating interlayers in a bottom layer, an oil sand reservoir and a cover layer by using similar materials, wherein an oil-containing sand layer in the oil sand reservoir is simulated by oil sand or thick oil saturated quartz sand extracted from an original stratum; the two sieve tubes form a simulated double horizontal well production system, the two ends of each sieve tube are closed, a long tube and a short tube are arranged in each sieve tube, and the long tube and the short tube extend out of the box body; the cable connection comprises the step of sealing the test piece box body after the preparation of the test piece is finished; connecting each sensor with a data acquisition instrument;
secondly, loading the ground stress: according to the ground stress actually measured on the field stratum, applying simulated ground stress to the simulated stratum by using a true triaxial loading system and a test piece box;
thirdly, simulating a steam circulation process: injecting high-temperature steam into the two wells according to a steam injection rate and circulation time determined by an on-site steam circulation method and a similar criterion, performing steam circulation, and simulating the establishment of thermal communication between the two horizontal wells in the oil sand reservoir;
fourthly, simulating the thickened oil extraction process: and after the temperature of the steam cavity in the oil sand storage layer reaches the production transferring temperature, stopping steam circulation, removing the connection relation between the production well and the steam generator, connecting the production well and the steam generator with a negative pressure extraction system, and extracting the ultra-thick oil through negative pressure.
According to the invention adopting the technical scheme, through the steps of target stratum simulation, ground stress loading under a true triaxial condition, steam circulation process simulation, thick oil extraction process simulation under a set temperature condition and the like, the influence factor of ground stress is formed under the true triaxial test condition, so that the change rule of various physical parameters in the thick oil extraction process by the technology is obtained more visually, and the mechanism of the thick oil extraction by the technology is convenient to analyze. The steam generator has to meet the steam injection requirements of the test, including the parameter requirements of temperature, pressure, discharge capacity and the like, and the specific steam injection parameters of the test are calculated by the steam injection parameters on site and the similar criteria; the steam cavity is formed by injecting steam into the steam injection well to overlap upwards, and the injected steam heats the oil layer and disperses the oil layer upwards and laterally so as to form a region which is full of steam and can flow thick oil; the steam cavity temperature reaching the set value condition means that a sensor pre-embedded into the simulation reservoir stratum is used for monitoring related data in the steam circulation process; judging whether the reservoir reaches a production transfer standard or not according to the temperature of a steam cavity in the oil sand reservoir, which is monitored by a temperature sensor; if yes, executing the simulation of the thickened oil extraction process, and if not, continuously judging whether the layer reaches the condition of a production transfer standard or not to stop storage. After the sensors and the data acquisition instrument are connected in the pipeline, the reliable connection of the sensors is confirmed through testing. An oil sands reservoir is composed of at least two oil-bearing sand layers and an interlayer, usually understood as a hard layer, sandwiched between adjacent sand-bearing layers. And the pumping amount can be counted by arranging the metering equipment on the pumping pipeline. The oil sand reservoir simulation can adopt two modes of oil sand taken out from an original stratum and quartz sand saturated with heavy oil, when the oil sand of the original stratum is adopted to simulate the reservoir, the oil sand is directly crushed and then is placed into a test piece box to be pressed and formed, and the oil sand reservoir simulation is convenient to obtain; when the thick oil saturated quartz sand is used for simulating a reservoir, the quartz sand needs to be pressed and molded, then the quartz sand is saturated with water, and then the thick oil is used for displacing the water in the quartz sand. Because the process of saturating quartz sand with heavy oil is complex and may cause large errors, the reservoir is usually simulated by using original formation oil sand.
Preferably, in the target formation simulation step, the properties of the core drilled in situ are determined by a method comprising testing the compressive strength, elastic modulus and poisson's ratio of the cores of the four formations, namely the oil sand reservoir, the interbeddes in the reservoir and the cap and bottom layers, by using a uniaxial compression test; testing the triaxial compression strength and the shear expansion of the rock cores of the four strata by adopting a triaxial compression test; the tensile strength of the cores of the four strata was tested by the brazilian split test. So as to obtain comprehensive and accurate on-site core properties and provide guarantee for more realistic simulation tests.
Preferably, in the target formation simulation step, the similar materials include river sand, cement and gypsum, and mechanical properties of the similar materials are changed by adjusting a mixture ratio among the materials to simulate cores of different formations except for a sand-containing layer. Wherein, river sand, cement and gypsum are main materials, besides, the material also comprises a binding agent and other materials which need to strengthen certain characteristics according to the properties of the rock core; to obtain a simulated sample that more closely resembles a real core.
Preferably, in the target formation simulation step, the press forming of the simulated formation is performed on a forming press; the forming press comprises a loading system and a box body lateral deformation limiting device, wherein the loading system is arranged through a reaction frame; before a simulated stratum of a similar material is pressed, a test box body is firstly installed on a pressing platform of a forming press through a deformation limiting device so as to prevent the box body from laterally deforming in the pressing process; adding a prepared similar material of the corresponding layer into the box body; pressing layer by layer, wherein the system pressure of the loading system is not less than 10 MPa. The forming press is a necessary sample preparation common facility for a true triaxial laboratory, so that the existing facility in the laboratory is fully utilized to carry out preparation work of a simulation test, the simulation efficiency is improved, and the test cost is saved.
Preferably, the length, the width and the height of the test piece box body for preparing the test sample are 1050mm, 400mm and 400mm, one side surface of the box body is provided with a plurality of channels for the penetration of various sensor cables, the front end of the box body is provided with a circular hole, and the circular hole can be used for the penetration of two groups of long pipes and short pipes of the simulated SAGD double-horizontal-well production system. So as to obtain a simulation test with a relatively larger sample size and improve the accuracy and reliability of simulation.
Preferably, the long pipe and the short pipe are both made of stainless steel pipes. The corrosion resistance of the stainless steel pipe is utilized, the service life is prolonged, the stainless steel pipe can be repeatedly utilized when a sample is constructed again, and the test cost is reduced.
Preferably, the true triaxial loading system has 4 indenters in the Y direction and 4 indenters in the X direction, the indenters in the Y direction and the X direction can provide 4000kN of pressure, the indenter in the Z direction has 1 indenter, and the indenter in the Z direction can provide 2000kN of pressure; wherein, the X direction and the Z direction simulate horizontal loading, and the Y direction simulates vertical loading; and each pressure head applies simulated ground stress to the simulated formation through a corresponding loading plate in the test piece box body. So as to ensure that the ground stress loading requirement of the sample can be fully met, and further obtain experimental data which is closer to the actual experimental data.
Preferably, in the simulation step of the thickened oil extraction process, the yield conversion temperature is not lower than 80 ℃. So as to reduce the viscosity of the super-thick oil and improve the fluidity and the extraction efficiency.
Preferably, before the steam circulation step, the method further comprises the step of extending two long pipes in two sieve pipes forming the steam injection well and the production well out of the pipe section outside the box body and connecting the two long pipes with the steam generator in a parallel connection mode; the steam circulation refers to a process that high-temperature steam is injected into a steam injection well and a production well through a long pipe at a determined speed to heat an oil sand reservoir, low-temperature condensed water is discharged through a short pipe, and the process lasts for a determined time. Thereby forming a good circulation channel and ensuring the reservoir to be heated quickly and continuously.
Preferably, the simulated formation is peripherally wrapped with heat insulation cotton and tin foil paper. So as to prevent high-temperature steam from heating the test piece box body and scalding test personnel and ensure safety.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method adopts similar materials and natural oil sand to simulate the stratum, carries out stress loading to reduce the stress environment of a real reservoir, carries out high-temperature steam injection circulation operation through a stainless steel pipe and a steam generator which are pre-embedded in the simulated stratum, collects data of different time and stratum positions according to a temperature sensor which is embedded in the simulated stratum, realizes real-time monitoring of steam cavity expansion, and carries out thick oil exploitation through an external negative pressure extraction system after the temperature reaches the standard of conversion production. The test method has the advantages of high reduction degree, abundant acquired signals, safe operation and the like, and provides a new test means and method for researching the SAGD technology to exploit the super-heavy oil reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a simulation test according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the test piece box and sensor arrangement structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a test piece box and a sensor arrangement structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of the round holes at the front end of the test piece box body in the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the test piece box and sensor arrangement structure of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the coordinates of a simulated formation.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of sensors.
The corresponding relation between the reference numbers and the part names in the figure is as follows: the device comprises a vertical pressure head 1, a first horizontal pressure head 2, a vertical loading plate 3, heat insulation cotton and tin foil paper 4, a simulation cover layer 5, a temperature sensor 6, a simulation interlayer 7, a simulation oil sand reservoir 8, a simulation bottom layer 9, a production sieve tube 10, a production long tube 11, a steam injection long tube 12, a production short tube 13, a steam injection short tube 14, a steam injection sieve tube 15, a box cover 16, a first horizontal loading plate 17, a second horizontal pressure head 18 and a second horizontal loading plate 19.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings, which are illustrative only for the purpose of disclosing and explaining the invention in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention, and which therefore do not limit the invention within the scope of the described embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting an ultra-heavy oil reservoir by using the SAGD technology is performed under the condition of true triaxial loading, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, target stratum simulation: the method comprises the steps of sample preparation and cable connection; the sample preparation comprises the steps of sequentially pressing a bottom layer, an oil sand reservoir containing an interlayer and a simulated stratum of a cover layer in a box body of a test piece box loaded by true triaxial from bottom to top according to the property of a rock core drilled on site, embedding two screen pipes for respectively simulating a steam injection well and a production well in an SAGD technology in the process of pressing the oil sand reservoir containing the interlayer, and embedding a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and other sensors for monitoring physical parameters at least including temperature and pressure in the process of exploiting the super heavy oil by the SAGD technology in the oil sand reservoir; simulating interlayers in the bottom layer, the oil sand reservoir and the cover layer by using similar materials, wherein the oil-containing sand layer in the oil sand reservoir is obtained by crushing an oil sand core taken out from an original stratum; the two sieve tubes form a simulated double horizontal well production system, the two ends of each sieve tube are closed, a long tube and a short tube are arranged in each sieve tube, and the long tube and the short tube extend out of the box body; the cable connection comprises the steps of lifting the test piece box out of the forming machine after the preparation of the test piece is finished, and closing a cover to seal the test piece box body; connecting each sensor with a data acquisition instrument;
secondly, loading the ground stress: according to the ground stress actually measured on the field stratum, applying simulated ground stress to the simulated stratum by using a true triaxial loading system and a test piece box;
thirdly, connecting a steam circulation pipeline: two long pipes in two sieve pipes forming a steam injection well and a production well extend out of pipe sections outside a box body and are respectively connected with a steam generator in a parallel connection mode;
fourthly, simulating a steam circulation process: according to the steam injection rate and the circulation time determined by an on-site steam circulation method and a similar criterion, injecting high-temperature steam into the two wells through long pipes of a steam injection well and a production well according to the determined speed to heat the oil sand reservoir, discharging low-temperature condensed water through a short pipe, and continuing for the determined time, so that a steam circulation process is formed, and the establishment of thermal communication between the two horizontal wells in the oil sand reservoir is simulated;
in the step, according to a field steam circulation program, firstly closing the short pipe, injecting steam from the long pipe at a constant speed, opening the short pipe after the steam pressure reaches a target value, removing cooled water after heating the oil sand reservoir, and controlling the steam pressure injected into the oil sand reservoir by adjusting the flow of the outlet end of the short pipe;
the steam injection parameters in the test comprise speed and pressure, and are obtained by calculation according to similar criteria and on-site steam injection parameters; in the steam circulation process, the temperature of the oil sand reservoir is monitored, a temperature distribution cloud chart in the simulated formation is drawn on drawing software at intervals, the development condition of a steam cavity of the oil sand reservoir is obtained, and basic data are provided for the heavy oil exploitation of the SAGD technology to be transferred to the production stage.
And fifthly, simulating the thickened oil extraction process: and after the temperature of a steam cavity in the oil sand reservoir is higher than or equal to the transformation temperature of 80 ℃, stopping steam circulation, removing the connection relation between the production well and the steam generator, connecting the production well and a negative pressure extraction system, and extracting the ultra-thick oil through negative pressure.
Wherein, in the target formation simulation step, the method comprises the following steps of:
s11, determining the core property: in the field drilling process, respectively taking out the cores of the oil sand reservoir, the bottom layer, the cover layer and the interlayer, and testing the compressive strength, the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the cores of the four strata of the oil sand reservoir, the interlayer in the reservoir and the cover layer and the bottom layer by adopting a uniaxial compression test; testing the triaxial compression strength and the shear expansion of the rock cores of the four strata by adopting a triaxial compression test; the tensile strength of the cores of the four strata was tested by the brazilian split test.
S12, preparing similar materials: wherein, the similar materials comprise river sand, cement and gypsum, and the mechanical properties of the similar materials are changed by adjusting the mixture ratio among the materials so as to simulate different stratum cores except the oil-containing sand layer.
S13, screen pipe processing: processing two sieve pipes, wherein one sieve pipe is a production sieve pipe 10, the other sieve pipe is a steam injection sieve pipe 15, and the length of the sieve pipe is calculated according to the length of the horizontal section of the SAGD twin-well and a similar criterion; the inside of each screen pipe is provided with a long stainless steel pipe and a short stainless steel pipe respectively to simulate a long pipe and a short pipe in an SAGD double horizontal well, and specifically, a long production pipe 11 and a short production pipe 13 are arranged in a production screen pipe 10; arranging a long steam injection pipe 12 and a short steam injection pipe 14 on a steam injection screen pipe 15; the long pipe and the short pipe are exposed out of one end of the sieve pipe, and the two ends of the sieve pipe are sealed.
In the target formation simulation step, press forming of the simulated formation is performed on a forming press; the forming press comprises a loading system and a box body lateral deformation limiting device, wherein the loading system is arranged through a reaction frame; before a simulated stratum of a similar material is pressed, a test box body is firstly installed on a pressing platform of a forming press through a deformation limiting device so as to prevent the box body from laterally deforming in the pressing process; adding a prepared similar material of the corresponding layer into the box body; pressing layer by layer, wherein the system pressure of the loading system is not less than 10 MPa.
The length, the width and the height of the test piece box body for preparing the test sample are 1050mm, 400mm and 400mm, one side face of the box body is provided with a plurality of channels for various sensor cables to penetrate through, the front end of the box body is provided with a circular hole, and the circular hole can be used for penetrating through two groups of long pipes and short pipes of a simulated SAGD double-horizontal-well production system.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the specific steps are as follows:
and S14, placing the test piece box body on a pressing platform of the forming press, and connecting the lateral deformation limiting device with the box body. Then, a similar material simulating the bottom layer 9 is put into the bottom of the test piece case, and the similar material is pressed to a predetermined height by a molding machine.
S15, placing the oil sand of the simulated oil sand reservoir 8 on the bottom layer 9, embedding the corresponding layers of similar materials of the simulated interlayer 7 in the oil sand according to the position and the thickness of the interlayer 7 in the oil sand reservoir, simultaneously embedding the production sieve tube 10, the steam injection sieve tube 15 and the temperature sensor 6 at preset positions in the oil sand, and enabling long tubes and short tubes in the two sieve tubes to penetrate through circular holes at the ends of the box body; the loading system is used to press the oil sands and interbedded similar materials to a predetermined height.
S16, placing the similar materials of the simulated cover layer 5 on the simulated oil sand reservoir 8, pressing the oil sand and the interlayer similar materials to a preset height by using the loading system, and closing the simulated stratum in the box body through the box cover 16 to form a test sample.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, 396 temperature sensors 6 are provided, specifically, a coordinate system is established by using a right angle of the simulated formation close to the lower part of one end of the first horizontal ram 2 as an origin, using a horizontal length direction of the simulated formation as a Z axis, using a vertical direction as a Y axis, and using the same direction as the direction in which the second horizontal ram 18 applies pressure as an X axis, and the temperature sensors are respectively arranged on six sections of which Y is 100mm, Y is 150mm, Y is 200mm, Y is 250mm, Y is 300mm, and Y is 350mm in the vertical direction; the X-axis direction is respectively arranged on six sections of 57mm, 114mm, 171mm, 228mm, 285mm and 342 mm; the Z-axis direction is respectively arranged on eleven sections of Z60 mm, Z145 mm, Z230 mm, Z315 mm, Z400 mm, Z485 mm, Z570 mm, Z655 mm, Z740 mm, Z825 mm and Z910 mm.
The pressing of the simulated stratum needs to be carried out for at least 3 times according to the bottom layer, the oil sand reservoir containing the interlayer and the cover layer, but because various sensors and SAGD double-horizontal-well production systems need to be arranged in each stratum, particularly the production and monitoring system in the oil sand reservoir 8 is complex, the pressing times of the stratum usually exceed 3 times, and the specific pressing layer number needs to be based on the arrangement of the double-horizontal-well production system and the sensors. As shown in fig. 5, each type of sensor is arranged in 6 layers in elevation, when the number of pressed layers of the oil sands reservoir 8 is at least 7.
In the step of simulating stress loading, a true triaxial loading system is adopted, wherein the Y direction of the true triaxial loading system is provided with 4 pressing heads, the X direction of the true triaxial loading system is provided with 4 pressing heads, the pressing heads in the Y direction and the X direction can provide 4000kN of pressure, the Z direction of the true triaxial loading system is provided with 1 pressing head, and the pressing head in the Z direction can provide 2000kN of pressure; wherein, the X direction and the Z direction simulate horizontal loading, and the Y direction simulates vertical loading; and each pressure head applies simulated ground stress to the simulated formation through a corresponding loading plate in the test piece box body. 4 pressure heads in the Y direction form 4 vertical pressure heads 1, one pressure head in the Z direction forms a first horizontal pressure head 2, and 4 pressure heads in the X direction form 4 second horizontal pressure heads 18; the vertical pressure head 1 applies simulated ground stress to the simulated formation through the vertical loading plate 3, the first horizontal pressure head 2 through the first horizontal loading plate 17, and the second horizontal pressure head 18 through the second horizontal loading plate 19.
In the target stratum simulation step, before the similar material of the simulated bottom layer 9 is placed at the bottom of the test piece box body, a first horizontal loading plate 17 and a second horizontal loading plate 19 are arranged in the box body, heat insulation cotton and tin foil paper 4 are laid in the box body and cover the first horizontal loading plate 17, the second horizontal loading plate 19 and the rest of inner walls of the box body; after the simulated cap layer 5 is pressed, the simulated cap layer 5 is covered by the heat insulation cotton and the tin foil paper 4, and the vertical loading plate 3 and the box cover 16 are arranged on the heat insulation cotton and tin foil paper covering layer above the simulated cap layer 5 at one time.
The long pipe and the short pipe in the production well and the gas injection well extend obliquely upwards in the box body and then penetrate out of the circular hole in the end part of the box body. The gas injection well is positioned above the production well, the long pipes in the two wells are positioned below the production well, and the short pipes are positioned above the production well, so that a layout structure identical to that of an actual production site is formed, and thermal communication and drainage are facilitated.
The foregoing has described in detail preferred embodiments of this invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the teaching of this invention without undue experimentation. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concepts of the present invention are all within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting an ultra-heavy oil reservoir by using an SAGD technology is characterized by being carried out under the condition of true triaxial loading, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, target stratum simulation: the method comprises the steps of sample preparation and cable connection; the sample preparation comprises the steps of sequentially pressing a bottom layer, an oil sand reservoir containing an interlayer and a simulated stratum of a cover layer in a box body of a test piece box loaded by a true triaxial apparatus from bottom to top according to the properties of a core drilled on site, embedding two sieve tubes for respectively simulating a steam injection well and a production well in an SAGD technology in the process of pressing the oil sand reservoir containing the interlayer, and embedding a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor for monitoring physical parameters at least including temperature and pressure in the process of exploiting the super heavy oil by the SAGD technology in the oil sand reservoir; simulating interlayers in a bottom layer, an oil sand reservoir and a cover layer by using similar materials, wherein an oil-containing sand layer in the oil sand reservoir is simulated by oil sand or thick oil saturated quartz sand extracted from an original stratum; the two sieve tubes form a simulated double horizontal well production system, the two ends of each sieve tube are closed, a long tube and a short tube are arranged in each sieve tube, and the long tube and the short tube extend out of the box body; the cable connection comprises the step of sealing the test piece box body after the preparation of the test piece is finished; connecting each sensor with a data acquisition instrument;
secondly, loading the ground stress: according to the ground stress actually measured on the field stratum, applying simulated ground stress to the simulated stratum by using a true triaxial loading system and a test piece box;
thirdly, simulating a steam circulation process: injecting high-temperature steam into the two wells according to a steam injection rate and circulation time determined by an on-site steam circulation method and a similar criterion, performing steam circulation, and simulating the establishment of thermal communication between the two horizontal wells in the oil sand reservoir;
fourthly, simulating the thickened oil extraction process: and after the temperature of the steam cavity in the oil sand storage layer reaches the production transferring temperature, stopping steam circulation, removing the connection relation between the production well and the steam generator, connecting the production well and the steam generator with a negative pressure extraction system, and extracting the ultra-thick oil through negative pressure.
2. The large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting an ultra-heavy reservoir by the SAGD technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the target formation simulation step, the properties of the core drilled in situ are determined by a method including testing the compressive strength, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the oil sand reservoir, the interbedded layer in the reservoir, and the cores of the four strata of the cap and bottom layers using uniaxial compression test; testing the triaxial compression strength and the shear expansion of the rock cores of the four strata by adopting a triaxial compression test; the tensile strength of the cores of the four strata was tested by the brazilian split test.
3. The large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting an ultra-heavy oil reservoir by the SAGD technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the target formation simulation step, the similar materials include river sand, cement and gypsum, and mechanical properties of the similar materials are changed by adjusting the mixture ratio among the materials to simulate different formation cores except for an oil-sand-containing layer.
4. The large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting an ultra-heavy oil reservoir according to the SAGD technique of claim 1, wherein in the target formation simulation step, press forming of the simulated formation is performed on a forming press; the forming press comprises a loading system and a box body lateral deformation limiting device, wherein the loading system is arranged through a reaction frame; before a simulated stratum of a similar material is pressed, a test box body is firstly installed on a pressing platform of a forming press through a deformation limiting device so as to prevent the box body from laterally deforming in the pressing process; adding a prepared similar material of the corresponding layer into the box body; pressing layer by layer, wherein the system pressure of the loading system is not less than 10 MPa.
5. The large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting the ultra-heavy oil reservoir by the SAGD technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the geometric dimensions of length x width x height of the test piece box for preparing the sample are 1050mm x 400mm, one side of the box is provided with a plurality of channels for the penetration of various sensor cables, and the front end of the box is provided with a circular hole which can be used for the penetration of two groups of long pipes and short pipes constituting the simulated SAGD double horizontal well production system.
6. The large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting an ultra-heavy oil reservoir by the SAGD technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the long pipe and the short pipe are both made of stainless steel pipes.
7. The large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting the ultra-heavy oil reservoir by the SAGD technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the true triaxial loading system has 4 pressure heads in Y direction and 4 pressure heads in X direction, the pressure heads in Y direction and X direction can provide 4000kN of pressure, the pressure heads in Z direction have 1 pressure head, and the pressure heads in Z direction can provide 2000kN of pressure; wherein, the X direction and the Z direction simulate horizontal loading, and the Y direction simulates vertical loading; and each pressure head applies simulated ground stress to the simulated formation through a corresponding loading plate in the test piece box body.
8. The large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting the ultra-heavy oil reservoir by the SAGD technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the thick oil extraction process simulation step, the conversion temperature is not lower than 80 ℃.
9. The large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting the ultra-heavy oil reservoir by the SAGD technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the steam circulation step, the method further comprises the steps of extending two long pipes in two sieve pipes forming the steam injection well and the production well out of the pipe section outside the box body and connecting the two long pipes with the steam generator in a parallel connection mode; the steam circulation refers to a process that high-temperature steam is injected into a steam injection well and a production well through a long pipe at a determined speed to heat an oil sand reservoir, low-temperature condensed water is discharged through a short pipe, and the process lasts for a determined time.
10. The large-scale three-dimensional simulation method for exploiting the ultra-heavy oil reservoir by the SAGD technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulated formation is peripherally wrapped with heat insulation cotton and tin foil paper.
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Application publication date: 20200211 |