CN116084167A - 一种防电磁辐射防护服面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防电磁辐射防护服面料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116084167A CN116084167A CN202211676716.4A CN202211676716A CN116084167A CN 116084167 A CN116084167 A CN 116084167A CN 202211676716 A CN202211676716 A CN 202211676716A CN 116084167 A CN116084167 A CN 116084167A
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- hydrochloric acid
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- -1 N- (2, 3-epoxypropyl) phthalic acid amide Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(C#N)C(C(F)(F)F)=CC=1NC(=O)C(O)(C)CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VFKZECOCJCGZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-hydroxypropyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical group [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCO VFKZECOCJCGZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
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- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防电磁辐射防护服面料及其制备方法,所述面料按照重量份计由以下原料制成:防电磁辐射功能纤维25‑35份、其它纤维40‑60份、石墨烯‑银复合纤维8‑12份;所述防电磁辐射功能纤维是由如下按质量百分比计的各组分通过湿法纺丝制成:纳米铜粉15%‑20%、偶联剂3%‑5%、余量为N‑(2,3‑环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N‑[4‑氰基‑3‑(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺。本发明公开的防电磁辐射防护服面料防电磁辐射效果显著,性能稳定性佳,耐水洗牢度足,使用寿命长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及辐射防护服技术领域,尤其涉及一种防电磁辐射防护服面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会发展和科技进步,各类电子技术产品的使用越来越广泛,电子技术产品在改善人类生活和促进科技进步的同时也带来了严重的电磁辐射污染。电磁辐射污染是继空气污染、水污染和噪声污染后的第四种污染。人体如果长期暴露在电磁辐射环境中,神经系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统、生殖系统等都会受到不同程度的危害。可见,如何有效防电磁辐射成为业内亟待解决的难题。
为了保护人体不受或尽量减少电磁辐射的危害,防电磁辐射防护服成为自我防护的“最后一道防线”。传统防电磁辐射防护服是将金属纤维配合织物一起织成面料,做成服装,其中的金属纤维网可以起到吸收、屏蔽电磁波的作用。然而,这类防电磁辐射防护服面料透气效果不佳,内部环境相对闷湿,很容易让穿戴者产生不适感,长时间穿戴过程中,极容易滋生细菌,容易对穿戴者的身体产生一定的影响。市面上的防电磁辐射防护服面料也还或多或少存在防电磁辐射效果不显著、性能稳定性不佳、耐水洗牢度不足,防紫外线性能不好,使用寿命有待进一步提高的缺陷。
为了解决上述问题,中国发明专利CN102142292B公开了一种无缝编织防电磁辐射服装及其制造方法,由外层针织面料、内层屏蔽面料二层面料组成,以重量百分比计,外层针织面料纤维配比,锦纶6弹力丝:80%-90%,锦纶66弹力丝:5%-10%,氨纶弹性纤维丝:5%-10%;内层针织面料纤维配比,锦纶6弹力丝:50%-55%,银金属导电纤维纱:45%-50%;加入助剂为3%的匀染剂、4%的洗涤剂、4%的防皱剂、2%的渗透剂和0.5%的硫铵后再加入适量染料。具有防电磁波辐射、屏蔽效能好、穿着舒适的优点。然而,该服装面料含有较大量的银金属导电纤维纱,成本较高;另外,还存在性能稳定性不佳,耐水洗牢度不足,由于银具有氧化的特性,长期穿着如碰触水滴、汗液等,可能会有不同程度的颜色发暗等情况,影响美观。
因此,开发一种防电磁辐射效果显著,性能稳定性佳,耐水洗牢度足,使用寿命长的防电磁辐射防护服面料及其制备方法符合市场需求,具有广泛的市场价值和应用前景,对促进防电磁辐射技术的发展具有非常重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种防电磁辐射效果显著,性能稳定性佳,耐水洗牢度足,使用寿命长的防电磁辐射防护服面料及其制备方法。
本发明可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
根据本发明所述的一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,所述面料按照重量份计由以下原料制成:防电磁辐射功能纤维25-35份、其它纤维40-60份、石墨烯-银复合纤维8-12份;所述防电磁辐射功能纤维是由如下按质量百分比计的各组分通过湿法纺丝制成:纳米铜粉15%-20%、偶联剂3%-5%、余量为N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺。
优选的,所述其它纤维为涤纶纤维、腈纶纤维、粘胶纤维中的任意一种。
优选的,所述粘胶纤维为竹炭粘胶纤维、蛋白质粘胶纤维中的任意一种。
优选的,所述石墨烯-银复合纤维的来源无特殊要求,在本发明的一个实施例中,所述石墨烯-银复合纤维的制备方法参见中国发明专利CN106702731B实施例2的方法制成。
优选的,所述N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤D1、将苯胺、邻甲苯胺和间氨基苯磺酸混合,向得到的混合物中加入盐酸溶液,接着在氮气保护和0~8℃条件下,机械搅拌10-20min,随后逐滴加入过硫酸铵溶液,并剧烈搅拌;20min内滴完,滴加完毕后,保温反应10-18小时,再分别用稀盐酸溶液、丙酮、去离子水洗涤,经抽滤、干燥后,得到聚苯胺;
步骤D2、将经过步骤D1制成的聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺和盐酸混合均匀,在30-60℃下反应20-30小时,反应结束后,洗涤、抽滤,去除溶剂,得到N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺。
优选的,步骤D1中所述苯胺、邻甲苯胺、间氨基苯磺酸、盐酸溶液、过硫酸铵溶液的添加量之比为9g:11g:17g:(140-200)mL:100mL。
优选的,所述盐酸溶液的浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L;所述过硫酸铵溶液的浓度为0.3mol/L。
优选的,步骤D2中所述聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺、盐酸的质量比为10:(550-850):(0.5-1):(1-2):(0.04-0.12);所述盐酸的浓度为0.2mol/L。
本发明的另一个目的,在于提供一种所述防电磁辐射防护服面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将各原料混纺成混纺纱线,然后采用大圆机织造,得坯布,将坯布浸泡在50-60℃的水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液中8-10小时,取出后水洗3-5次,烘干,再依次经过后处理、烘干定型,得到防电磁辐射防护服面料。
优选的,所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液的质量百分浓度为5-10wt%;所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐的重均分子量为10万,取代度为70-90%。
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明公开的防电磁辐射防护服面料的制备方法,该制备方法工艺简单,对设备依赖性低,耗能少,制备周期短,适合大规模生产。
(2)本发明公开的防电磁辐射防护服面料,由防电磁辐射功能纤维、其它纤维、石墨烯-银复合纤维混纺制成,使得制成的面料结合了这些纤维的优点,最终产品呈现防电磁辐射效果显著,性能稳定性佳,耐水洗牢度足,使用寿命长的优点。
(3)本发明公开的防电磁辐射防护服面料,制备过程中通过浸泡水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐,其上的季铵盐结构能与N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺上的磺酸基发生离子交换反应,在面料表层形成互穿网络结构,能有效改善面料的耐水洗牢度和性能稳定性,由于内部分子结构中防电磁辐射活性成分连接更致密,使得防电磁辐射效果更佳。且水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐结构和石墨烯-银复合纤维的引入,使得面料具有较好的抗菌性和透气透湿性;石墨烯-银复合纤维的引入能提高抗氧化能力,降低成本,与防电磁辐射功能纤维协同作用,还能进一步改善防电磁辐射效果。
(4)本发明公开的防电磁辐射防护服面料,N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺在聚苯胺侧链上同时引入邻苯二甲酰胺、含氟甲基苯基酰胺基结构,它们之间相互配合作用,使得制成面料防电磁辐射功能和加工性能好,性能稳定性佳,耐水洗牢度足,使用寿命长。纳米铜粉加入到聚合物基材内部,不仅能起到改善导电性、抗静电性和机械力学性能的作用,还使得其与空气直接接触的几率降低,从而增强了其抗腐蚀性能。偶联剂的加入提高了纳米铜粉的分散性和与基材的相容性,使得产品性能稳定性更佳。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合实施例对本发明产品作进一步详细的说明。
其中,下面各实施例中所述石墨烯-银复合纤维的制备方法参见中国发明专利CN106702731B实施例2的方法制成。本发明各实施例中所述涤纶纤维选用江苏仪征厂生产的1.32dtex×38mm细特涤纶,平均长度37.8mm,单纤维断裂强度5.68cN/dtex,伸长率22.8%,超长纤维0.07%,含油0.17%。所述腈纶纤维选用惠民县泰利化纤制品有限公司生产的规格为38mm×1.67dtex的腈纶纤维,所述竹炭粘胶纤维为吴江市超维纺织有限公司生产的38mm×1.54dtex竹炭粘胶纤维,制备方法参见CN 103014891 A中实施例一。所述蛋白质粘胶纤维为新乡化纤股份有限公司生产的大豆蛋白粘胶纤维,纤度为2.6dtex,干断裂伸长为18%,干断裂强度为2.0CN/dtex。所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH550;所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐为羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖HACC-102,取代度为90%,重均分子量为10万,由穗华科技提供。所述纳米铜粉是聚光赢创提供的粒度为50nm的纳米铜粉。
所述湿法纺丝具体为:将各组分混合均匀后,投入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中;机械搅拌分散均匀后,得到纺丝液,纺丝液中N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺的浓度为25wt%,在0.4MPa下将纺丝液从纺丝机的喷丝孔挤出,液流进入凝固浴中双扩散凝固成原丝。其中喷丝孔孔径为4mm。接着在凝固浴中凝固生成的原丝通过牵伸罗拉进行五级牵伸,得到防电磁辐射功能纤维。上述五级牵伸倍数分别为1.1倍、1.7倍、2.2倍、1.8倍、1.5倍,罗拉牵伸隔距均为1.7cm。凝固浴为浓度为40wt%的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂的水溶液,温度为60℃。
所述粗纱工序主要参数:捻系数85,前罗拉转速220r/min,罗拉中心距51×70mm,后区牵伸1.3倍;所述细纱工序主要参数:前罗拉转速170r/min,总牵伸27.5倍,钳口隔距3.2mm;所述梳棉主要工艺参数:生条定量20.27g/5m,刺辊转速760r/min,锡林转速330r/min,道夫转速20r/min,盖板速度71mm/min,锡林-盖板隔距为0.35mm、0.35mm、0.30mm、0.30mm、0.35mm;所述的并条工序主要工艺参数:头、末并牵伸倍数8倍,转速1310r/min,罗拉隔距14×23mm;所述的清花工序:FA106型机梳针打手转速540r/min,给棉罗拉与打手隔距12mm,打手与尘棒隔距12mm、15mm、18mm,尘棒隔距11mm、8mm、6mm;A076E型机综合打手转速800r/min,棉卷罗拉转速12r/min,给棉罗拉与打手隔距10mm,打手与尘棒隔距10mm、20mm,尘棒隔距6mm。
所述大圆机为UP372型双面提花大圆机,所述织造工艺为:大圆机常温转速为18转/分钟,将针盘中针高低踵相间排列,六路一循环,形成空气层组织。
实施例1
一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,所述面料按照重量份计由以下原料制成:防电磁辐射功能纤维25份、其它纤维40份、石墨烯-银复合纤维8份;所述防电磁辐射功能纤维是由如下按质量百分比计的各组分通过湿法纺丝制成:纳米铜粉15%、偶联剂3%、余量为N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺;所述其它纤维为涤纶纤维。
所述N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤D1、将苯胺、邻甲苯胺和间氨基苯磺酸混合,向得到的混合物中加入盐酸溶液,接着在氮气保护和0℃条件下,机械搅拌10min,随后逐滴加入过硫酸铵溶液,并剧烈搅拌;20min内滴完,滴加完毕后,保温反应10小时,再分别用稀盐酸溶液、丙酮、去离子水洗涤,经抽滤、干燥后,得到聚苯胺,该聚苯胺的特性粘度为0.40dL/g;
步骤D2、将经过步骤D1制成的聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺和盐酸混合均匀,在30℃下反应20小时,反应结束后,洗涤、抽滤,去除溶剂,得到N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺;通过重量变化和元素分析,该产物中N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺的接枝率为4.2wt%(由N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺引入的基团质量与原料聚苯胺的质量之比),N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺的接枝率为9.5wt%(由N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺引入的基团质量与原料聚苯胺的质量之比)。
步骤D1中所述苯胺、邻甲苯胺、间氨基苯磺酸、盐酸溶液、过硫酸铵溶液的添加量之比为9g:11g:17g:140mL:100mL;所述盐酸溶液的浓度为0.1mol/L;所述过硫酸铵溶液的浓度为0.3mol/L。
步骤D2中所述聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺、盐酸的质量比为10:550:0.5:1:0.04;所述盐酸的浓度为0.2mol/L。
一种所述防电磁辐射防护服面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将各原料各自清花和梳棉后经并条、粗纱、细纱工序制得混纺纱线,然后采用大圆机织造,得坯布,将坯布浸泡在50℃的水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液中8小时,取出后水洗3次,烘干,再依次经过后处理、烘干定型,得到防电磁辐射防护服面料;所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液的质量百分浓度为5wt%。
实施例2
一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,所述面料按照重量份计由以下原料制成:防电磁辐射功能纤维28份、其它纤维45份、石墨烯-银复合纤维9份;所述防电磁辐射功能纤维是由如下按质量百分比计的各组分通过湿法纺丝制成:纳米铜粉17%、偶联剂3.5%、余量为N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺;所述其它纤维为腈纶纤维。
所述N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤D1、将苯胺、邻甲苯胺和间氨基苯磺酸混合,向得到的混合物中加入盐酸溶液,接着在氮气保护和2℃条件下,机械搅拌13min,随后逐滴加入过硫酸铵溶液,并剧烈搅拌;20min内滴完,滴加完毕后,保温反应12小时,再分别用稀盐酸溶液、丙酮、去离子水洗涤,经抽滤、干燥后,得到聚苯胺;
步骤D2、将经过步骤D1制成的聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺和盐酸混合均匀,在40℃下反应23小时,反应结束后,洗涤、抽滤,去除溶剂,得到N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺。
步骤D1中所述苯胺、邻甲苯胺、间氨基苯磺酸、盐酸溶液、过硫酸铵溶液的添加量之比为9g:11g:17g:160mL:100mL;所述盐酸溶液的浓度为0.15mol/L;所述过硫酸铵溶液的浓度为0.3mol/L。
步骤D2中所述聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺、盐酸的质量比为10:650:0.7:1.3:0.07;所述盐酸的浓度为0.2mol/L。
一种所述防电磁辐射防护服面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将各原料各自清花和梳棉后经并条、粗纱、细纱工序制得混纺纱线,然后采用大圆机织造,得坯布,将坯布浸泡在53℃的水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液中8.5小时,取出后水洗4次,烘干,再依次经过后处理、烘干定型,得到防电磁辐射防护服面料;所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液的质量百分浓度为7wt%。
实施例3
一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,所述面料按照重量份计由以下原料制成:防电磁辐射功能纤维30份、其它纤维50份、石墨烯-银复合纤维10份;所述防电磁辐射功能纤维是由如下按质量百分比计的各组分通过湿法纺丝制成:纳米铜粉18%、偶联剂4%、余量为N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺;所述其它纤维为粘胶纤维;所述粘胶纤维为竹炭粘胶纤维。
所述N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤D1、将苯胺、邻甲苯胺和间氨基苯磺酸混合,向得到的混合物中加入盐酸溶液,接着在氮气保护和5℃条件下,机械搅拌15min,随后逐滴加入过硫酸铵溶液,并剧烈搅拌;20min内滴完,滴加完毕后,保温反应15小时,再分别用稀盐酸溶液、丙酮、去离子水洗涤,经抽滤、干燥后,得到聚苯胺;
步骤D2、将经过步骤D1制成的聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺和盐酸混合均匀,在45℃下反应25小时,反应结束后,洗涤、抽滤,去除溶剂,得到N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺。
步骤D1中所述苯胺、邻甲苯胺、间氨基苯磺酸、盐酸溶液、过硫酸铵溶液的添加量之比为9g:11g:17g:180mL:100mL;所述盐酸溶液的浓度为0.2mol/L;所述过硫酸铵溶液的浓度为0.3mol/L。
步骤D2中所述聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺、盐酸的质量比为10:700:0.8:1.5:0.09;所述盐酸的浓度为0.2mol/L。
一种所述防电磁辐射防护服面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将各原料各自清花和梳棉后经并条、粗纱、细纱工序制得混纺纱线,然后采用大圆机织造,得坯布,将坯布浸泡在55℃的水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液中9小时,取出后水洗4次,烘干,再依次经过后处理、烘干定型,得到防电磁辐射防护服面料;所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液的质量百分浓度为8wt%。
实施例4
一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,所述面料按照重量份计由以下原料制成:防电磁辐射功能纤维33份、其它纤维55份、石墨烯-银复合纤维11份;所述防电磁辐射功能纤维是由如下按质量百分比计的各组分通过湿法纺丝制成:纳米铜粉19%、偶联剂4.5%、余量为N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺;所述其它纤维为粘胶纤维;所述粘胶纤维为蛋白质粘胶纤维。
所述N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤D1、将苯胺、邻甲苯胺和间氨基苯磺酸混合,向得到的混合物中加入盐酸溶液,接着在氮气保护和7℃条件下,机械搅拌18min,随后逐滴加入过硫酸铵溶液,并剧烈搅拌;20min内滴完,滴加完毕后,保温反应17小时,再分别用稀盐酸溶液、丙酮、去离子水洗涤,经抽滤、干燥后,得到聚苯胺;
步骤D2、将经过步骤D1制成的聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺和盐酸混合均匀,在55℃下反应28小时,反应结束后,洗涤、抽滤,去除溶剂,得到N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺。
步骤D1中所述苯胺、邻甲苯胺、间氨基苯磺酸、盐酸溶液、过硫酸铵溶液的添加量之比为9g:11g:17g:190mL:100mL;所述盐酸溶液的浓度为0.25mol/L;所述过硫酸铵溶液的浓度为0.3mol/L。
步骤D2中所述聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺、盐酸的质量比为10:800:0.9:1.8:0.1;所述盐酸的浓度为0.2mol/L。
一种所述防电磁辐射防护服面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将各原料各自清花和梳棉后经并条、粗纱、细纱工序制得混纺纱线,然后采用大圆机织造,得坯布,将坯布浸泡在58℃的水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液中9.5小时,取出后水洗5次,烘干,再依次经过后处理、烘干定型,得到防电磁辐射防护服面料;所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液的质量百分浓度为9wt%。
实施例5
一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,所述面料按照重量份计由以下原料制成:防电磁辐射功能纤维35份、其它纤维60份、石墨烯-银复合纤维12份;所述防电磁辐射功能纤维是由如下按质量百分比计的各组分通过湿法纺丝制成:纳米铜粉20%、偶联剂5%、余量为N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺;所述其它纤维为涤纶纤维。
所述N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤D1、将苯胺、邻甲苯胺和间氨基苯磺酸混合,向得到的混合物中加入盐酸溶液,接着在氮气保护和8℃条件下,机械搅拌20min,随后逐滴加入过硫酸铵溶液,并剧烈搅拌;20min内滴完,滴加完毕后,保温反应18小时,再分别用稀盐酸溶液、丙酮、去离子水洗涤,经抽滤、干燥后,得到聚苯胺;
步骤D2、将经过步骤D1制成的聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺和盐酸混合均匀,在60℃下反应30小时,反应结束后,洗涤、抽滤,去除溶剂,得到N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺。
步骤D1中所述苯胺、邻甲苯胺、间氨基苯磺酸、盐酸溶液、过硫酸铵溶液的添加量之比为9g:11g:17g:200mL:100mL;所述盐酸溶液的浓度为0.3mol/L;所述过硫酸铵溶液的浓度为0.3mol/L。
步骤D2中所述聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺、盐酸的质量比为10:850:1:2:0.12;所述盐酸的浓度为0.2mol/L。
一种所述防电磁辐射防护服面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将各原料各自清花和梳棉后经并条、粗纱、细纱工序制得混纺纱线,然后采用大圆机织造,得坯布,将坯布浸泡在60℃的水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液中10小时,取出后水洗5次,烘干,再依次经过后处理、烘干定型,得到防电磁辐射防护服面料;所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液的质量百分浓度为10wt%。
同时,为了评估本发明所述防电磁辐射防护服面料的具体技术效果,用本发明各实施例中的防电磁辐射防护服面料进行性能测试,测试结果见表1,测试方法如下:防电磁波辐射性由纺织品电磁波屏蔽性能测试仪(XF型)通过对面料进行扫描,测试各点在不同频率段的防电磁波辐射性能(扫描频率段30-1000MHz,频率间隔10MHz),测试环境温度25℃,环境相对湿度60%;耐水洗性是将面料在水中加入5%洗涤剂,洗涤晾干,如此反复5次,对洗涤后样品再次测定其电磁屏蔽效能,比较水洗前后两者之间的差异;所述洗涤剂为AATCC1993标准洗涤剂WOB,所述面料样品尺寸为100mm×40mm,每次洗涤采用人工手搓洗2min,水漂洗3min。透气性按照GB/T5453-1997测试,试验面积20cm,压降200Pa,调湿与试验用标准大气为二级标准大气。
表1
项目 | 电磁屏蔽衰减值 | 水洗后电磁屏蔽衰减值 | 透气性 |
单位 | % | % | mm/s |
实施例1 | 90.3 | 90.1 | 725 |
实施例2 | 90.9 | 90.7 | 732 |
实施例3 | 91.8 | 91.7 | 737 |
实施例4 | 92.6 | 92.6 | 746 |
实施例5 | 93.1 | 93.1 | 750 |
从表1可以看出,本发明实施例公开的防电磁辐射防护服面料,具有较好的电磁屏蔽性能、耐水洗性、抗菌性和透气性。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制;凡本行业的普通技术人员均可按以上所述而顺畅地实施本发明;但是,凡熟悉本专业的技术人员在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,可利用以上所揭示的技术内容而作出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化,均为本发明的等效实施例;同时,凡依据本发明的实质技术对以上实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变等,均仍属于本发明的技术方案的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,其特征在于,所述面料按照重量份计由以下原料制成:防电磁辐射功能纤维25-35份、其它纤维40-60份、石墨烯-银复合纤维8-12份;所述防电磁辐射功能纤维是由如下按质量百分比计的各组分通过湿法纺丝制成:纳米铜粉15%-20%、偶联剂3%-5%、余量为N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,其特征在于,所述其它纤维为涤纶纤维、腈纶纤维、粘胶纤维中的任意一种。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,其特征在于,所述粘胶纤维为竹炭粘胶纤维、蛋白质粘胶纤维中的任意一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,其特征在于,所述N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤D1、将苯胺、邻甲苯胺和间氨基苯磺酸混合,向得到的混合物中加入盐酸溶液,接着在氮气保护和0~8℃条件下,机械搅拌10-20min,随后逐滴加入过硫酸铵溶液,并剧烈搅拌;20min内滴完,滴加完毕后,保温反应10-18小时,再分别用稀盐酸溶液、丙酮、去离子水洗涤,经抽滤、干燥后,得到聚苯胺;
步骤D2、将经过步骤D1制成的聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺和盐酸混合均匀,在30-60℃下反应20-30小时,反应结束后,洗涤、抽滤,去除溶剂,得到N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺/N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺共改性聚苯胺。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,其特征在于,步骤D1中所述苯胺、邻甲苯胺、间氨基苯磺酸、盐酸溶液、过硫酸铵溶液的添加量之比为9g:11g:17g:(140-200)mL:100mL。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,其特征在于,所述盐酸溶液的浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L;所述过硫酸铵溶液的浓度为0.3mol/L。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种防电磁辐射防护服面料,其特征在于,步骤D2中所述聚苯胺、二甲亚砜、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰胺、N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基环氧丙烯酰胺、盐酸的质量比为10:(550-850):(0.5-1):(1-2):(0.04-0.12);所述盐酸的浓度为0.2mol/L。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述防电磁辐射防护服面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将各原料混纺成混纺纱线,然后采用大圆机织造,得坯布,将坯布浸泡在50-60℃的水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液中8-10小时,取出后水洗3-5次,烘干,再依次经过后处理、烘干定型,得到防电磁辐射防护服面料。
9.如权利要8所述防电磁辐射防护服面料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液的质量百分浓度为5-10wt%;所述水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐的重均分子量为10万,取代度为70-90%。
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CN112064334A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 湖南科力嘉纺织股份有限公司 | 一种对棉纱线进行抗辐射预处理的方法 |
KR20210053694A (ko) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-05-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 폴리아닐린-고분자 나노섬유 복합 소재 및 이의 제조방법 |
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CN101660242A (zh) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-03 | 上海添香实业有限公司 | 新型防电磁波辐射面料及生产工艺 |
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KR20210053694A (ko) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-05-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 폴리아닐린-고분자 나노섬유 복합 소재 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN112064334A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 湖南科力嘉纺织股份有限公司 | 一种对棉纱线进行抗辐射预处理的方法 |
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