CN116077674A - 生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种生物分子‑聚氮氧化物偶联物及其制备方法与应用。本发明公开了制备具有肿瘤乏氧响应性功能的生物分子‑聚氮氧化物偶联物的方法,该偶联物是由生物分子与含有R(R’)‑N+‑O‑结构的氮氧化物单体通过活性自由基聚合而成。该偶联物的‑N+‑O‑结构可在肿瘤区域高表达的CYP450还原酶下被还原,肿瘤微酸环境导致聚合物阳离子化,偶联物与带负电荷的细胞膜粘附,触发胞吞转运作用,增强偶联物在肿瘤组织渗透性,提高疗效。该偶联物不仅较好地保留了生物分子的体外活性,还可以响应肿瘤乏氧和酸性微环境,极大地改善生物分子在体内的半衰期、生物分布,提高抗肿瘤效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体地说,涉及生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
生物分子如蛋白质、多肽、抗体、疫苗与核酸等,在疾病的预防和治疗中起着重要作用。但生物分子结构复杂,体内外稳定性差,难以穿透细胞膜,难以有效进入疾病组织深处,给药途径单一,用药依从性差。用聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰生物分子是解决上述问题的有效途径。然而,聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰生物分子反应产率低,结合位点和偶联化学计量难以控制,生物活性严重降低,缺乏对病兆部位的靶向性,组织渗透性差。在生物分子上利用原位生长技术定点偶联聚合物,具有步骤简单,反应条件温和、生物活性留存高,易于纯化等优点,对生物分子的改进尤为重要。不仅如此,偶联能够响应肿瘤微环境(pH、酶、温度、氧气等)特征的聚合物将更为精准地将生物分子递送到肿瘤深处部位,进而提高药物的利用度和治疗效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型的生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物及其制备方法与应用。
本发明构思如下:蛋白质药物已广泛应用于肿瘤的治疗。但一些蛋白质药物存在半衰期短,稳定性差,组织渗透性差等问题。将蛋白质和高分子偶联制备成蛋白质-高分子偶联物,能有效提高蛋白质的稳定性,药物代谢动力学和治疗效果。肿瘤乏氧是肿瘤微环境的一大特征,受乏氧前药AQ4N、TPZ等乏氧前药启发,本发明提供一种可被在肿瘤微环境高表达的还原酶细胞色素P450(CYP450)还原的生物分子-聚氮氧化偶联物。
为了实现本发明目的,第一方面,本发明提供一种生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物,所述偶联物是从生物分子原位聚合聚氮氧化物或将聚氮氧化物与生物分子偶联得到的。
所述生物分子选自小分子药物、蛋白质、小肽、抗体、核苷酸、核酸适配体及其他生物分子等。
所述聚氮氧化物是由氮氧化物单体聚合而成的,所述氮氧化物单体的结构如式I所示:
其中,R、R′、R″代表任意基团。
氮氧化物单体可参见Xiang J,Shen Y,Zhang Y,et al.Multipotent Poly(Tertiary Amine-Oxide)Micelles for Efficient Cancer Drug Delivery.AdvancedScience,2022,9(12):2200173.
本发明中,所述蛋白质包括但不限于胰岛素、血液因子、集落刺激因子、生长激素、白介素、生长因子、治疗性疫苗、降钙素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)和酶等。
优选地,所述蛋白质包括但不限于天冬酰胺酶、谷氨酸酶、精氨酸酶、精氨酸脱氨酶、腺苷脱氨酶核糖核酸酶、胞嘧啶脱氨酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、表皮生长因子(EGF)、转化生长因子(TGF)、神经生长因子(NGF)、血小板衍生的生长因子(PDGF)、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)、成纤维细胞生长因子、生长抑素、生长激素、生长激素、生长激素抑制素、降钙素、甲状旁腺激素、凝血因子、肿瘤坏死因素、IFN、白细胞介素、胃肠肽、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、肠促胰酶肽(CCK)、胃泌素、促胰液素、促红细胞生成素、荷尔蒙、抗利尿激素、奥曲肽、胰腺酶、超氧化物歧化酶、促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)、促甲状腺激素、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂、白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-15、受体拮抗剂(IL-1RA)、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)、瘦素、生长素、粒单核细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、腺苷脱氨酶、尿酸酶、天冬酰胺酶、人生长激素、天冬酰胺酶、巨噬细胞活化、绒毛膜促性腺激素、肝素、心房利钠肽、血红蛋白、逆转录病毒载体、松弛肽、环孢菌素等。
所述核苷酸包括但不限于天然或人工合成的、单链或双链的多核苷酸或寡聚核苷酸。
优选地,所述核苷酸包括反义寡核苷酸、siRNA、anti-miR(作用的靶基因如Bcl-2、V2R、EphA2的、小窝蛋白1、TNF-α、MIF、GFPRAF-1、C-RAF、荧光素酶、血管内皮生长因子、SCV、FAS、INS2、Caspase-8和HBsAg等)。
所述核酸适配体包括但不限于血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)适配体、蓖麻毒素适配体、西葫芦毒蛋白适配体、凝血酶适配体、活化血浆蛋白C适配体、HIV-1逆转录酶适配体、HIV-1整合酶适配体、蛋白激酶C适配体、人嗜中性弹性蛋白酶适配体、L-选择素适配体、P-选择素适配体、耶尔森氏菌蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶适配体、磷脂酶A2体血管生成素适配体、鼻病毒衣壳蛋白适配体等。
所述其他生物分子包括但不限于催产素、加压素、促肾上腺皮质激素、催乳激素、促黄体生成激素释放激素、黄体生成素释放激素、生长激素释放因子、促生长素抑制素、胰高血糖素、胃泌素、五肽胃泌素、四肽胃泌素、脑啡肽、内啡肽、血管紧张素、肾素、缓激肽、杆菌肽、多粘菌素、粘菌素、短杆菌酪肽、短杆菌肽及合成的类似物、变体和药理学活性片段物、单克隆抗体和可溶性疫苗等。
所述小分子药物包括但不限于阿霉素、姜黄素、SN38、CPT、替拉扎明、AQ4N、伊布替尼、索拉菲尼、阿法替尼、吉非替尼、尼洛替尼、达沙替尼、奥西替尼、来那度胺、哌柏西利、哌柏西利、泊马度胺,奥拉帕利等药物及它们的衍生物。
所述抗体包括但不限于单克隆抗体、单链抗体、锚蛋白重复序列、亲和体等及其类似物。
从药物中原位生长出来的聚合物赋予偶联物特殊的乏氧响应性功能。本发明中涉及的“聚氮氧化物”包括“聚氮氧化物”的同聚物、异聚物、嵌段聚合物、共聚物、三聚物和其他的聚合物以及它们的混合物。被氧化为氮氧化物的前体单体例子包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯,甲基丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙酯,甲基丙烯酸二异丙基氨基乙酯,以及含有可以被氧化为R(R’)-N+-O-化物结构的单体及其衍生物,通过活性自由基聚合为聚氮氧化物结构的聚合物。
第二方面,本发明提供所述生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物的制备方法,当所述生物分子为蛋白质、小肽或抗体时,所述偶联物的制备方法包括:
从生物分子原位聚合聚氮氧化物:首先向生物分子表面接枝原子转移自由基引发剂或链转移试剂等分子,再通过原子转移自由基聚合或可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合等方式原位共聚。
即,生物分子+原子转移自由基聚合引发剂或链转移试剂→生物分子引发剂;
生物分子引发剂+氮氧化物单体→生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物;
或者;
将聚氮氧化物与生物分子偶联:首先从官能化原子转移自由基引发剂或链转移试剂将氮氧化物单体聚合为聚氮氧化物,然后将所得聚合物与生物分子偶联。
即,官能化原子转移自由基引发剂或链转移试剂+氮氧化物单体→聚氮氧化物;
聚氮氧化物+生物分子→生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物。
进一步地,所述原子转移自由基引发剂可选自以下任一种:
其中,n为1-10的正整数。
所述链转移试剂可选自以下任一种:
其中,n为1-10的正整数;R为任意烷烃链。
第三方面,本发明提供按照所述方法制备得到的干扰素-聚氮氧化物偶联物(IFN-PODMA)。
先利用基因工程技术(原核表达)制备C端含有LPETGGHHHHHH的干扰素,再采用上述方法制备得到干扰素-聚氮氧化物偶联物(IFN-PODMA)。
第四方面,本发明提供所述生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物(如IFN-PODMA)在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明利用定点偶联技术,通过Sortase A酶介导方法将原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)引发剂与IFN的C端连接,形成IFN-Br,通过ATRP技术聚合得到具有乏氧条件下CYP450酶还原特性的氮氧化物单体,形成干扰素-聚2-(N-氧化-N,N′-二甲基氨基)-2-乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(IFN-PODMA),其可被肿瘤区域高表达的CYP450酶还原为其前体聚合物干扰素-聚2-(N,N′-二甲基氨基)-2-乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(IFN-PDMA),在肿瘤酸性微环境中被质子化,与带负电荷的细胞膜粘附,有效提高IFN在肿瘤乏氧区域的胞吞转运,增强蛋白渗透性,药物代谢动力学和生物分布,改善治疗效果。
借由上述技术方案,本发明至少具有下列优点及有益效果:
本发明提供一种合成生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物(如IFN-PODMA)的方法。通过定点偶联技术,在IFN的C末端定点偶联可以在肿瘤乏氧环境以及高表达CYP450酶条件下还原的氮氧化物。该偶联物不仅较好地保留了体外生物活性,改善了IFN在体内的半衰期、生物分布和抗肿瘤效果,而且促进偶联物的转胞吞作用,增强IFN在瘤内的渗透性,与市场化的金标准药PEGASYS相比,IFN-PODMA表现出更优异的抗肿瘤效果,从而为长效IFN向临床转化打下坚实的技术基础。此外,聚氮氧化物也可广泛应用于其它的蛋白、小肽药物或小分子药物来提高其药理学特征。
附图说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例中IFN-PODMA合成示意图。
图2为本发明较佳实施例中通过镍柱亲和层析纯化获得的IFN和通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)聚合纯化前后的IFN-PODMA的SDS-PAGE胶图。
图3为本发明较佳实施例中酶解后除去IFN的PODMA在重水中的核磁图。其中,a、b、c、d、e为PODMA在重水中H的化学位移(a:-CH3CH2-,b:-ONCH3,c:-CH2CH2NO,d:-OCH2CH2,e:-CCH2CH3);
图4为本发明较佳实施例中GPC分析IFN、IFN-Br、三种分子量的IFN-PODMA的分子量。
图5为本发明较佳实施例中DLS分析IFN、IFN-Br、三种分子量的IFN-PODMA的水合半径。
图6为本发明较佳实施例中IFN、IFN-Br、三种分子量的IFN-PODMA的二级结构。
图7为本发明较佳实施例中MTT法测定IFN、PEGASYS、三种分子量的IFN-PODMA对Daudi B细胞的抗增殖活性。
图8为本发明较佳实施例中IFN、PEGASYS、三种分子量的IFN-PODMA的药物代谢动力学。
图9为本发明较佳实施例中IFN、PEGASYS和IFN-PODMA-2的肿瘤区域累积分布。*、**和***分别表示5%、1%和0.1%水平上的显著性。
图10为本发明较佳实施例中IFN、PEGASYS和IFN-PODMA-2在心肝脾肺肾胃肠皮肤中的分布。
图11为本发明较佳实施例中IFN、PEGASYS和IFN-PODMA-2的体内渗透性。
图12为本发明较佳实施例中在乏氧条件下(1%氧气)IFN、PEGASYS和IFN-PODMA-2在3D肿瘤细胞球中的渗透性。
图13为本发明较佳实施例中在乏氧条件下(1%氧气)和CYP450还原酶以及NADPH存在下,IFN-PODMA的化学结构部分转变为IFN-PDMA。其中,a,b,c,d,e为IFN-PODMA上H的化学位移(a:-CH3CH2-,b:-ONCH3,c:-CH2CH2NO,d:-OCH2CH2,e:-CCH2CH3);a′、b′、c′、d′、e′为IFN-PDMA上H的化学位移(a:-CH3CH2-,b:-ONCH3,c:-CH2CH2NO,d:-OCH2CH2,e:-CCH2CH3)。
图14为本发明较佳实施例中在乏氧条件下(1%氧气)和CYP450还原酶以及NADPH存在下IFN-PODMA的电位的转变。
图15为本发明较佳实施例中小鼠治疗过程中的肿瘤体积变化曲线。**表示1%水平上的显著性。
图16为本发明较佳实施例中小鼠治疗过程中生存曲线。**和***分别表示1%和0.1%水平上的显著性。
图17为本发明较佳实施例中治疗后肿瘤部位病理组织切片。
图18为本发明较佳实施例中小鼠注射药物后心脏、肝、肺、肾部位病理组织切片。
图19为本发明较佳实施例中注射药物后裸鼠体重随时间的变化情况。其中,a代表PBS组,b代表IFN组,c代表PEGASYS组,d代表IFN-PODMA组,每组6-8只小鼠,数字代表每只小鼠标号。
图20为本发明较佳实施例中小鼠注射药物后血液指标变化情况。
图21为本发明较佳实施例中小鼠注射药物后血细胞指标变化情况。
图22为本发明较佳实施例中药物的溶血情况。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种制备具有肿瘤乏氧响应性功能的生物分子-聚氮氧化物方法,生物分子-聚氮氧化物的N+-O-结构在CYP450还原酶下被还原,肿瘤微酸环境导致聚合物阳离子化,高分子链的构象和功能发生转变,与带负电荷的细胞膜粘附,触发胞吞转运作用,增加偶联物的肿瘤组织渗透性,提高疗效。所述偶联物通过活性自由基聚合而成。生物分子-聚氮氧化物不仅较好地保留了体外生物活性,而且还可以响应肿瘤乏氧环境,极大地改善生物分子在体内的半衰期、生物分布和抗肿瘤效果。
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例均按照常规实验条件,如Sambrook等分子克隆实验手册(Sambrook J&Russell DW,Molecular Cloning:a Laboratory Manual,2001),或按照制造厂商说明书建议的条件。
以下实施例中涉及的IFN为IFN-α(NCBI登录号:AAA52715.1)。
实施例1干扰素-聚氮氧化物偶联物(IFN-PODMA)的制备方法及应用
1、IFN-PODMA的制备
(1)通过基因工程技术构建含有IFN-α质粒,然后通过分子克隆方法将质粒转染到大肠杆菌中表达IFN-LPETGGH6,镍亲和层析的方法提取蛋白IFN-LPETGGH6。
(2)将蛋白IFN-LPETGGH6与化合物AEBM(式II)在Sortase A酶介导识别LPETGG序列下,AEBM的氨基与IFN末端羧基发生缩合反应,得到复合物(IFN-Br)。
(3)IFN-Br作为大分子引发剂与氮氧化物ODMA在催化剂存在的条件下发生原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应,得到干扰素-聚氮氧化物偶联物。
步骤(2)的反应条件为:100mM LLPETGGHHHHHH、50mM sortase A和2mM ATRP引发剂(AEBM)与50mM Tris·HCl、150mM NaCl、10mM CaCl2、pH7.4的混合物在室温(25℃)下孵育过夜,不搅拌。然后,将反应混合物稀释并应用在AKTA上过HiTrap Capto Q阴离子柱(GEHealthcare)。20mM Tris·HCl,pH7.4作为平衡缓冲液,20mM Tris·HCl,1M NaCl,pH7.4作为洗脱液,进行连续梯度洗脱,以除去Sortase A酶,收集含有所需产品混合物(IFN-Br)的峰,然后将IFN-Br溶液通过脱盐柱缓冲交换到10mM PBS(pH7.4)中,并超滤浓缩(3k-5kMWCO,Millipore)。
步骤(3)的反应条件为:在PBS冰水浴中IFN-Br与ODMA的ATRP进行反应。简单地说,在Schlenk管中加入5mL含有IFN-Br(0.25μmol)和ODMA(0.25mmol为IFN-PODMA1;0.375mmol为IFN-PODMA2;1mmol IFN-PODMA3),将混合物用氮气鼓泡除去管中的氧气。同时,将含有0.01mmol CuCl、0.03mmol CuCl2和0.065mmol 1,1,4,7,10,10-六甲基三乙烯四胺(HMTETA)的2mL MilliQ水中的催化剂溶液加入另一个Schlenk管中,用氮气鼓泡除氧。之后,将除氧后催化剂溶液经套管转移至第一个除氧后的Schlenk管中。然后将第一个Schlenk管密封,聚合反应在冰水浴中进行2h,然后暴露于空气中淬灭以终止反应。用脱盐柱和阴离子交换层析对IFN-PODMA进行纯化和分离,以除去催化剂和未反应的IFN-Br。得到三种分子量的干扰素-聚氮氧化物(IFN-PODMA1、IFN-PODMA2、IFN-PODMA 3)。
IFN-PODMA合成示意图见图1。
通过镍柱亲和层析纯化获得的IFN和通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)聚合纯化前后的IFN-PODMA的SDS-PAGE胶图见图2。
2、利用核磁(NMR)、液相色谱-质谱联用(LC/MS)手段表征了单体氮氧化物和偶联物的化学结构。
酶解后除去IFN的PODMA在重水中的核磁图见图3。
3、利用核磁(NMR)和Zeta电位及纳米粒度分析仪(DLS)分别表征了IFN-PODMA在肿瘤乏氧区域高表达的CYP450还原酶存在下的化学结构转变和电位变化。
4、纳米粒度分析仪(DLS)、圆二色谱(CD)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等分析手段表征IFN-PODMA的水合半径、IFN二级结构、偶联物的分子量等物理化学性能。
GPC分析IFN、IFN-Br、三种分子量的IFN-PODMA的分子量的结果见图4。DLS分析IFN、IFN-Br、三种分子量的IFN-PODMA的水合半径的结果见图5,它们的二级结构见图6。
5、选用Daudi B细胞系测试IFN、PEGASYS、IFN-PODMA的体外生物活性,即其体外抗肿瘤细胞增殖的能力。
C8161细胞在含10%胎牛血清(FBS)和1%青霉素/链霉素(v/v)的DMEM/F12培养基中培养。在96孔板(Thermo)中,每孔加入50μL约104个细胞,每孔加入50μL稀释样品(200、400、1000、2000、10000、20000pg/mL),在37℃下孵育96h。将纯培养基孔和纯细胞孔定义为背景孔和对照孔,其存活率分别定义为0%和100%。样品的相对细胞活力=(OD样品-OD背景)/(OD对照-OD背景)×100%。使用细胞增殖检测试剂盒(Promega)计算细胞活力。
MTT法测定IFN、PEGASYS、三种分子量的IFN-PODMA对DaudiB细胞的抗增殖活性结果见图7。
6、建立3D肿瘤细胞球(C8161细胞球),测试IFN、PEGASYS、IFN-PODMA在1%氧浓度下的体外渗透性。
将C8161细胞以每孔104个细胞的密度接种于96孔3D细胞球培养板(primessurface)中培养3d,形成3D多细胞肿瘤球(3D MTS)。将用新鲜培养基150μL cy5标记的IFN、PEGASYS或IFN-PODMA(1μM)在中加入孔中,在缺氧(1%氧气)下37℃孵育4h。所有3D MTS均用共聚焦显微镜(Zeiss780)成像。
IFN、PEGASYS和IFN-PODMA-2的肿瘤区域累积分布见图9。
在乏氧条件下(1%氧气)IFN、PEGASYS和IFN-PODMA-2在3D肿瘤细胞球中的渗透性见图12。
7、使用裸鼠模型,测试IFN、PEGASYS、IFN-PODMA在体内的药物代谢动力学。
对雌性BALB/c裸鼠(6周龄)尾静脉注射IFN、PEGASYS或IFN-PODMA(1mg/kg体重)来评价药物代谢动力学(n=3)。在指定时间点(1min、5min、15min、30min、1h、3h、6h、24h、48h、72h和96h),从小鼠尾静脉收集血液样本(20μL)。在4500g离心后15分钟,用人干扰素-α2酶联免疫试剂盒(PBL)检测血浆中IFN、PEGASYS、IFN-PODMA的浓度。注射药物前抽取的血样(0h)作为对照。用DAS 3.0软件双室模型对酶联免疫吸附数据进行量化以生成药代动力学参数。
IFN、PEGASYS、三种分子量的IFN-PODMA的药物代谢动力学见图8。
8、使用裸鼠模型,测试IFN、PEGASYS、IFN-PODMA在体内的渗透性。
黑色素瘤小鼠(150-200mm3)静脉注射cy5标记的IFN、PEGASYS或IFN-PODMA,IFN当量剂量为60μg/只。4h后取出肿瘤,PBS冲洗3次。将所有肿瘤在-20℃下包埋于OCT冰冻切片包埋剂(SAKURA Tissue-Tek)中,得到9μm厚的冷冻切片。将切片固定后用抗CD31抗体(一抗)和山羊抗小鼠cy3偶联IgG(二抗)染色。然后用DAPI染细胞核,所有切片用共聚焦显微镜(Zeiss780)成像。
IFN、PEGASYS和IFN-PODMA-2在心肝脾肺肾胃肠皮肤中的分布见图10。
IFN、PEGASYS和IFN-PODMA-2的体内渗透性见图11。
9、建立裸鼠肿瘤模型,测试IFN、PEGASYS、IFN-PODMA的抗肿瘤效果。
在每只BALB/c裸鼠皮下植入悬浮于无血清DMEM/F12培养基中(0.1mL)的5.0×106个C8161细胞。在肿瘤形成约7天后(大小约50mm3),小鼠被随机分为4个试验组(每组n=6~8只),每周静脉注射1mg/kg IFN或IFN当量的PEGASYS、IFN-PODMA或PBS,直到对照组(PBS、IFN和PEGASYS组)小鼠全部死亡。每隔3天或4天测量小鼠的肿瘤体积和体重,肿瘤体积的计算公式为((宽×宽)×长)/2。如果小鼠的肿瘤体积比初始体积大10倍或体重减轻超过体重的15%,则将其处死。
在乏氧条件下(1%氧气)和CYP450还原酶以及NADPH存在下,IFN-PODMA的化学结构部分转变为IFN-PDMA(图13)。
在乏氧条件下(1%氧气)和CYP450还原酶以及NADPH存在下IFN-PODMA的电位的转变见图14。
小鼠治疗过程中的肿瘤体积变化曲线见图15。
小鼠治疗过程中生存曲线见图16。
治疗后肿瘤部位病理组织切片见图17。
小鼠注射药物后心脏、肝、肺、肾部位病理组织切片见图18。
注射药物后裸鼠体重随时间的变化情况见图19(a~d)。
小鼠注射药物后血液指标变化情况见图20。
小鼠注射药物后血细胞指标变化情况见图21。
药物的溶血情况见图22。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之做一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物,其特征在于,所述偶联物是从生物分子原位聚合聚氮氧化物或将聚氮氧化物与生物分子偶联得到的;
所述生物分子选自小分子药物、蛋白质、小肽、抗体、核苷酸、核酸适配体及其他生物分子;
所述聚氮氧化物是由氮氧化物单体聚合而成的,所述氮氧化物单体的结构如式I所示:
其中,R、R′、R″代表任意基团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的偶联物,其特征在于,所述蛋白质包括胰岛素、血液因子、集落刺激因子、生长激素、白介素、生长因子、治疗性疫苗、降钙素、肿瘤坏死因子、酶;
优选地,所述蛋白质包括天冬酰胺酶、谷氨酸酶、精氨酸酶、精氨酸脱氨酶、腺苷脱氨酶核糖核酸酶、胞嘧啶脱氨酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、表皮生长因子、转化生长因子、神经生长因子、血小板衍生的生长因子、骨形态发生蛋白、成纤维细胞生长因子、生长抑素、生长激素、生长激素、生长激素抑制素、降钙素、甲状旁腺激素、凝血因子、肿瘤坏死因素、IFN、白细胞介素、胃肠肽、血管活性肠肽、肠促胰酶肽、胃泌素、促胰液素、促红细胞生成素、荷尔蒙、抗利尿激素、奥曲肽、胰腺酶、超氧化物歧化酶、促甲状腺激素释放激素、促甲状腺激素、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂、白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-15、受体拮抗剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1、瘦素、生长素、粒单核细胞集落刺激因子、白细胞介素-2、腺苷脱氨酶、尿酸酶、天冬酰胺酶、人生长激素、天冬酰胺酶、巨噬细胞活化、绒毛膜促性腺激素、肝素、心房利钠肽、血红蛋白、逆转录病毒载体、松弛肽、环孢菌素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的偶联物,其特征在于,所述核苷酸包括天然或人工合成的、单链或双链的多核苷酸或寡聚核苷酸;
优选地,所述核苷酸包括反义寡核苷酸、siRNA、anti-miR。
4.根据权利要求1所述的偶联物,其特征在于,所述核酸适配体包括血管内皮细胞生长因子适配体、蓖麻毒素适配体、西葫芦毒蛋白适配体、凝血酶适配体、活化血浆蛋白C适配体、HIV-1逆转录酶适配体、HIV-1整合酶适配体、蛋白激酶C适配体、人嗜中性弹性蛋白酶适配体、L-选择素适配体、P-选择素适配体、耶尔森氏菌蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶适配体、磷脂酶A2体血管生成素适配体、鼻病毒衣壳蛋白适配体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的偶联物,其特征在于,所述其他生物分子包括催产素、加压素、促肾上腺皮质激素、催乳激素、促黄体生成激素释放激素、黄体生成素释放激素、生长激素释放因子、促生长素抑制素、胰高血糖素、胃泌素、五肽胃泌素、四肽胃泌素、脑啡肽、内啡肽、血管紧张素、肾素、缓激肽、杆菌肽、多粘菌素、粘菌素、短杆菌酪肽、短杆菌肽及合成的类似物、变体和药理学活性片段物、单克隆抗体和可溶性疫苗。
6.根据权利要求1所述的偶联物,其特征在于,所述小分子药物包括阿霉素、姜黄素、SN38、CPT、替拉扎明、AQ4N、伊布替尼、索拉菲尼、阿法替尼、吉非替尼、尼洛替尼、达沙替尼、奥西替尼、来那度胺、哌柏西利、哌柏西利、泊马度胺,奥拉帕利及它们的衍生物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的偶联物,其特征在于,所述抗体包括单克隆抗体、单链抗体、锚蛋白重复序列、亲和体及其类似物。
8.权利要求1所述生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物的制备方法,其特征在于,从生物分子原位聚合聚氮氧化物:首先向生物分子表面接枝原子转移自由基引发剂或链转移试剂,再通过原子转移自由基聚合或可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合的方式原位共聚;
即,生物分子+原子转移自由基聚合引发剂或链转移试剂→生物分子引发剂;
生物分子引发剂+氮氧化物单体→生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物;
或者;
将聚氮氧化物与生物分子偶联:首先从官能化原子转移自由基引发剂或链转移试剂将氮氧化物单体聚合为聚氮氧化物,然后将所得聚合物与生物分子偶联;
即,官能化原子转移自由基引发剂或链转移试剂+氮氧化物单体→聚氮氧化物;
聚氮氧化物+生物分子→生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述原子转移自由基引发剂选自以下任一种:
其中,n为1-10的正整数;
所述链转移试剂选自以下任一种:
其中,n为1-10的正整数;R为任意烷烃链。
10.权利要求1-7任一项所述生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
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WO2024139132A1 (zh) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-07-04 | 北京大学 | 生物分子-聚氮氧化物偶联物及其制备方法与应用 |
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